Heavenly Son of Man in Second Temple Jewish and

Transcription

1 Syllabus Heavenly Son of Man in Second Temple Jewish and Last update HU Credits: 2 Degree/Cycle: 1st degree (Bachelor) and 2nd degree (Master) Responsible Department: Comparative Religion Academic year: 0 Semester: 2nd Semester Teaching Languages: English Campus: Mt. Scopus Course/Module Coordinator: Serge Ruzer Coordinator serge.ruzer@mail.huji.ac.il Coordinator Office Hours: Tuesday 13:00-14:00 Teaching Staff: Dr. Serge Ruzer page 1 / 7

2 Course/Module description: The seminar will focus on the early history of the motif of "one like a son of man" a heavenly redeemer figure belonging to the end of days. Our discussion will follow the development and modifications of this motif from its appearance in the late biblical Book of Daniel and Second Temple Enochic literature all the way to its function in rabbinic sources. A special attention will be paid to the fluctuations of the Son of Man designation's meaning from individual to collective and from earthly to sublime. Our investigation will highlight the points of contact and tension between different approaches, their religious-historical settings and hermeneutical strategies employed. It is in this context that the adoption of the motif in earliest Christianity, where it was applied to Jesus of Nazareth and adapted to the constraints of the Christian messianic narrative, is particularly informative. Of special interest for us will be the interplay between inherited Jewish ideas of broader circulation and "sectarian" interpretations of the issue propagated by Jesus' followers. The Son of Man motif will correspondingly be shown to become a core element of nascent Christianity's self-definition vis-א-vis its Jewish matrix. Finally, the function of the Son of Man imagery in later stages of interaction between Jews and Christians and, more specifically in the process of the parting of the ways between the two communities will be discussed. Course/Module aims: Outlining the historical development of the notion of heavenly son-of-man salvific figure in late Second Temple Judaism, its reception and metamorphosis in nascent Christianity. Learning outcomes - On successful completion of this module, students should be able to: Recognize trajectories of belief characteristic of late Second Temple Jewry and acquire awareness of the nature of their reworking in nascent Christianity. Attendance requirements(%): Teaching arrangement and method of instruction: Seminar with students doing presentations of particular sub-topics and their discussion in research. Course/Module Content: 1. Introductory session. Centrality of the Son of Man issue for Jewish and Christian self-definition in the beginning of the Common Era and throughout the following centuries. Second Temple period: the comeback of interest in heavenly/angelic page 2 / 7

3 world and the surge of eschatological expectations of apocalyptic kind. 2. The son-of-man designation in Daniel: re-interpretation of usages from earlier layers of biblical literature and conversation with Near Eastern myths. Between Hebrew and Aramaic idiom. From Daniel 7 to Daniel 9: Son of Man as a messianic figure. 3. Evidence from 1 Enoch: comparative discussion of Enochic and Danielic son-ofman-related ideas. 4. Evidence from 4 Ezra and Dead Sea Scrolls. Summing up the Second Temple allusions to the Daniel 7 son-of-man as a heavenly figure. Heavenly messiah vs. earthly messiahs in late antique Jewish belief. 5. Other Second Temple usages of the son-of-man designation: a case of dynamic ambiguity. 6. Son-of-man appearances in earliest Christian sources: general discussion of the New Testament evidence. 7. The variety of meanings of the son-of-man title in Jesus' Synoptic biographies and the variety of their interpretations: contours of the research debate and its repercussions for theology. 8. Moving from earthly to heavenly son-of-man as the core strategy of the gospel narrative. Jesus as Son of Man and as Son of God. 9. Complementing strategies in John, Acts, the Epistle to the Hebrews and Revelation. 10. Jesus as earthly and as heavenly Son of Man: excursus into later Christological elaborations. 11. Christian appropriation of the Danielic Son of Man motif and response of rabbinic tradition 1: The question of the Book of Daniel canonical status. 12. Christian appropriation of the Danielic Son of Man motif and response of rabbinic tradition 1: Son of Man in midrashic messianic elaborations. 13. Students presentations. 14. Concluding remarks and discussion. Required Reading: Required readings [with a number in square brackets indicating the topic they pertain to] P. Bertalotto, "The Enochic Son of Man, Psalm 45, and the 'Book of Watchers'," Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 19.3 (2010), pp [3] , "Qumran Messianism, Melkhizedek and the Son of Man," in Armin Lange, Emanuel Tov, and Matthias Weigold, in association with Bennie H. Reynolds III (eds.), The Dead Sea Scrolls in Context: Integrating the Dead Sea Scrolls in the Study of Ancient Texts, Languages, and Cultures, vol. 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), pp [4]. F. H. Borsch, "Further Reflections on the 'Son of Man': The Origins and the Development of the Title," in J. H. Charlesworth (ed.), The Messiah: Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992), pp page 3 / 7

4 [3]. D. Boyarin, "The Sovereignty of the Son of Man: Reading Mark 2," in A. Weissenrieder and R. B. Coote (eds.), The Interface of Orality and Writing, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 260 (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010), pp [7] , "Daniel 7, Intertextuality, and the History of Israel's Cult," Harvard Theological Review (2012), pp [2]. S.,אChial "The Son of Man: The Evolution of an Expression," in G. Boccaccini (ed.), Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man: Revisiting the Book of Parables (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2007), pp [4]. B. D. Chilton, "(The) Son of (the) Man, and Jesus," in B. D. Chilton and C. A. Evans (eds.), Authenticating the Words of Jesus (Leiden: Brill, 1999), pp [7]. A. Y. Collins, "The Origin of the Designation of Jesus as 'Son of Man'," The Harvard Theological Review 80.4 (1987), pp [7] , "The 'Son of Man' Tradition and the Book of Revelation," in J. H. Charlesworth (ed.), The Messiah: Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992), pp [9]. J. J. Collins, "The Son of Man in Ancient Judaism," in T. Holmיn and S. E. Porter (eds.), Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus 2 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), pp [2]. J. Dunn, Son of God as Son of Man in the Dead Sea Scrolls? A Response to John Collins on 4Q246, in S. E. Porter and C. A. Evans (eds.), The Scrolls and the Scriptures: Qumran Fifty Years After (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997), pp [4]. J. H. Ellens, "The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Son of Man in Daniel, 1 Enoch and the New Testament Gospels," in A. Lange, E. Tov and M. Weigold in association with B. H. Reynolds III (eds.), The Dead Sea Scrolls in Context: Integrating the Dead Sea Scrolls in the Study of Ancient Texts, Languages, and Cultures, vol. 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), pp [10]. C. A. Evans, "Are the 'Son' Texts at Qumran Messianic? Reflections on 4Q369 and Related Scrolls," in J. H. Charlesworth, H. Lichtenberger and G. S. Oegema (eds.), Qumran-Messianism: Studies on the Messianic Expectations in the Dead Sea Scrolls (Tbingen: J.C.B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1998), pp [4]. D. Flusser, "The Man Daniel and His Book," in idem, Judaism of the Second Temple Period: Volume 2: The Jewish Sages and Their Literature (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009) [2] , "Jewish Messianism Reflected in the Early Church," in idem, Judaism of the Second Temple Period: Volume 2: The Jewish Sages and Their Literature (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009), pp [2, 4, 8] , "The Son of Man," in idem, Jesus (Jerusalem: Magnes, 2001), pp [5] , "Melchizedek and the Son of Man," [4] The Four Empires in the Fourth Sibyl and in the Book of Daniel, [4] Jesus and the Sign of the Son of Man, [6] in idem, Judaism and the Origins of Christianity (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1988), pp ; ; T. Kazen, "Son of Man as Kingdom Imagery: Jesus between Corporate Symbol and Individual Redeemer Figure," in T. Holmיn (ed.), Jesus from Judaism to Christianity: page 4 / 7

5 Continuum Approaches to the Historical Jesus (London: T&T Clark, 2007), pp [6]. B. Klappert, "The Coming Son of Man Became Flesh: High Christology and Anti- Judaism in the Gospel of John," in R. Bierenger, D. Pollefeyt and F. Vandecasteele- Vanneuville (eds.), Anti-Judaism and the Fourth Gospel, Papers of the Leuven Colloquium 2000 (Assen: Van Gorcum, 2001), pp [9]. K. A. Kuhn, "The 'One Like a Son of Man' Becomes the 'Son of God'," Catholic Biblical Quarterly 69.1 (2007), pp [8]. H. S. Kvanvig, "The Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch," in G. Boccaccini (ed.), Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man: Revisiting the Book of Parables (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2007), pp [3]. S. Ruzer, "Son of God as Son of David: Luke's Attempt to Biblicize a Problematic Notion," in L. Kogan, N. Koslova, S. Loesov and S. Tishchenko (eds.), Bibel und Babel 3 (Vinona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2007), pp [8]. L. Schiffman, "Messianic Figures and Ideas in the Qumran Scrolls," in J. Charlesworth (ed), The Messiah: Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity (Minneapolis, 1992), pp JMS BM 538 E7 M47 [4] M. Simon, "Saint Stephen and the Jerusalem Temple," in idem, Le Christianisme antique et son context religieuse: Scripta Varia, vol. 1 (Tbingen, 1981), pp [9]. J. C. VanderKam, "Righteous One, Messiah, Chosen One, and Son of Man in 1 Enoch 37-71," in J. H. Charlesworth (ed.), The Messiah: Developments in Earliest Judaism and Christianity (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992), pp [3]. G. Vermes, "The Present State of the 'Son of Man' Debate," Journal of Jewish Studies 29.2 (1978), pp [7] , Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels (London: Fontana- Collins, 1977), pp [7] , "The Son of Man Debate Revisited ( )," Journal of Jewish Studies 61.2 (2010), pp [7]. L. W. Walck, "The Son of Man in the Parables of Enoch and the Gospels," in G. Boccaccini (ed.), Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man: Revisiting the Book of Parables (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2007), pp [3, 8]. C. Werman, "A Messiah in Heaven? A Reevaluation of Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic Traditions," in R. A. Clements and D. R. Schwartz (eds.), Text, Thought and Practice in Qumran and Early Christianity (Leiden: Brill, 2009), pp [11, 12]. Additional Reading Material: Optional readings A. Baumgarten, The Flourishing of Jewish Sects in the Maccabean Era: An Interpretation (Brill, 1997) B348 T. S. Beall, "History and Eschatology at Qumran," in J. Neusner (ed.), Judaism in Late Antiquity, vol. 5.2 (New York, 2001), pp ERESERVE F. H. Borsch, The Son of Man in Myth and History (London: S.C.M., 1967). page 5 / 7

6 D. Boyarin, The Jewish Gospels (New York: The New Press, 2012). O. Chadwick, A History of Christianity (New York, 1995). 270 C432 J. J. Collins, The Apocalyptic Vision of the Book of Daniel (Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1977) , "Patterns of Eschatology at Qumran," in B. Halpern and J. D. Levenson (eds.), Traditions in Transformation (Winona Lake, Ind., 1981), pp H , The Scepter and the Star; The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature (New York, 1995). JMS BS 1885 M48 C , Jerusalem and the Temple in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature of the Second Temple Period (Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University, 1998). JMS DS C J. J. Collins and P. W. Flint (eds.), The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception (Leiden: Brill, 2001). J. H. Ellens, "Exegesis of Second Temple Texts in a Fourth Gospel Son of Man Logion," in Isaac Kalimi, Peter J. Haas (eds.), Biblical Interpretation in Judaism and Christianity (New York: T&T Clark, 2006), pp C. A. Evans and P. W. Flint (eds.), Eschatology, Messianism, and the Dead Sea Scrolls (Grand Rapids, Mi, 1997). JMS BS 1885 E75 E7 C. A. Evans, Diarchic Messianism in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Messianism of Jesus of Nazareth, in L. H. Schiffman, Emanuel Tov and James C. VanderKam (eds.), The Dead Sea Scrolls: Fifty Years after Their Discovery. Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress, July 20-25, 1997 (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society in cooperation with the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, 2000), pp D. Flusser, "Apocalyptic Elements in the War Scroll," "The Eschatological Temple," in idem, Judaism of the Second Temple period, vol. 1: Qumran and Apocalypticism (tr. By A. Yadin; Grand Rapids, Mi: Eerdmans, 2007), pp , F647 S. J. Gathercole, "The Son of Man in Mark's Gospel," The Expository Times (2004), pp F. Hahn, The Titles of Jesus in Christology (London: Lutterworth, 1965). A. L. A. Hogetrep, "Belief in Resurrection and Its Religious Settings in Qumran and the New Testament," in F.G. Martםnez (ed.), Echoes from the Caves: Qumran and the New Testament (Leiden, 2009), pp NATIONAL LIBRARY E-BOOK I. Knohl, The Messiah before Jesus: The Suffering Servant of the Dead Sea Scrolls (Berkeley, Ca: University of California Press, 2000), pp. 5-51; 66-71; J. Neusner, Judaism and the Interpretation of Scripture: Introduction to Rabbinic Midrash (Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2004), S. F. Noll, "Communion of Angels and Men and 'Realized Eschatology' in the Dead Sea Scrolls," Proceedings of the Eighth World Congress of Jewish Studies 8.A (Jerusalem, 1981), pp ERESERVE Puech, "Messianism, Resurrection, and Eschatology at Qumran and in the New Testament," in E. Ulrich and J. VanderKam (eds.), The Community of the Renewed Covenant: The Notre Dame Symposium on the Dead Sea Scrolls (University of Notre Dame Press, 1994), pp ERESERVE H. W. M. Rietz, "Reflections on Jesus' Eschatology in Light of Qumran," in H. H. Charlesworth (ed.), Jesus and Archaeology (Grand Rapids, Mi., 2006), pp (08) C477 page 6 / 7

7 Powered by TCPDF ( S. Ruzer, "Crucifixion: The Search for a Meaning vis-א-vis Biblical Prophecy: From Luke to Acts," in idem, Mapping the New Testament: Early Jewish Writings as a Witness for Jewish Biblical Exegesis (Leiden: Brill, 2007), pp , R , "Jesus' Messianic Biography as Response to Second Temple Jewish Beliefs," Zemanim 120 (Fall 2012), pp (in Hebrew). P. Schהfer, "Diversity and Interactions: Messiahs in Early Judaism," in P. Schהfer and M. Cohen (eds.), Toward the Millenium (Leiden, 1998), pp ERESERVE D. C. Sim, Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Gospel of Matthew (Cambridge and New York, 1996). JMS BS S H. Stegemann, "Some Aspects of Eschatology in Texts from the Qumran Community and in the Teachings of Jesus," in Biblical Archaeology Today: Proceedings of the International Congress on Biblical Archaeology Jerusalem 1984 (Jerusalem, 1985), pp E13 B582 S. Talmon, "The Concept of Maiah and Messianism in Early Judaism," in The Messiah, pp JMS BM 538 E7 M47 E. E. Urbach, "On Redemption," in idem, The Sages. Their Concepts and Beliefs (Jerusalem, 1987), pp U72 Course/Module evaluation: End of year written/oral examination 0 % Presentation 20 % Participation in Tutorials 0 % Project work 80 % Assignments 0 % Reports 0 % Research project 0 % Quizzes 0 % Other 0 % Additional information: page 7 / 7