David s Victories. David s Officials. 1 Chronicles 18:1-17

Transcription

1 1 David s Victories David s Officials 1 Chronicles 18:1-17

2 2 David s Victories David s Officials Text: 1 Chronicles 18:1-17, 1. Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns away from the Philistines. 2. He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David s subjects and brought tribute. 3. David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority to the Euphrates River. 4. David seized from him 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of Hadadezer s chariot horses. 5. The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 6. David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. 7. David took the golden shields which Hadadezer s servants had carried and brought them to Jerusalem. 8. From Tibhath and Kun, Hadadezer s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called The Sea, the pillars, and other bronze items.) 9. When King Tou of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah, 10. he sent his son Hadoram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze.

3 3 11. King David dedicated these things to the Lord, along with the silver and gold which he had carried off from all the nations, including Edom, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek. 12. Abishai son of Zeruiah killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. 13. He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. 14. David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. 15. Joab son of Zeruiah was commanding general of the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; 16. Zadok son of Ahitub and Abimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was scribe; 17. Benaiah son of Jehoiada supervised the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David s sons were the king s leading officials. (NET) Introduction: I. 1 Chronicles 18:1-20:8 falls into three sections; viz., (Hicks) A. a general overview of David s victories Chronicles 18:1-17, Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns away from the Philistines. He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David s subjects and brought tribute. David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority to the Euphrates River. David seized from him 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of Hadadezer s chariot horses. The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. David placed garrisons in the

4 4 territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. David took the golden shields which Hadadezer s servants had carried and brought them to Jerusalem. From Tibhath and Kun, Hadadezer s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called The Sea, the pillars, and other bronze items.) When King Tou of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah, he sent his son Hadoram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze. King David dedicated these things to the Lord, along with the silver and gold which he had carried off from all the nations, including Edom, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek. Abishai son of Zeruiah killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. Joab son of Zeruiah was commanding general of the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; Zadok son of Ahitub and Abimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was scribe; Benaiah son of Jehoiada supervised the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David s sons were the king s leading officials. (NET) B. victories over the Ammonites Chronicles 19:1-19, and his son succeeded him. David said, I will express my loyalty to Hanun son of Nahash, for his father was loyal to me. So David sent messengers

5 5 to express his sympathy over his father s death. When David s servants entered Ammonite territory to visit Hanun and express the king s sympathy, the Ammonite officials said to Hanun, Do you really think David is trying to honor your father by sending these messengers to express his sympathy? No, his servants have come to you so they can get information and spy out the land! So Hanun seized David s servants and shaved their beards off. He cut off the lower part of their robes so that their buttocks were exposed and then sent them away. Messengers came and told David what had happened to the men, so he summoned them, for the men were thoroughly humiliated. The king said, Stay in Jericho until your beards grow again; then you may come back. When the Ammonites realized that David was disgusted with them, Hanun and the Ammonites sent 1,000 talents of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Aram Naharaim, Aram Maacah, and Zobah. They hired 32,000 chariots, along with the king of Maacah and his army, who came and camped in front of Medeba. The Ammonites also assembled from their cities and marched out to do battle. When David heard the news, he sent Joab and the entire army to meet them. The Ammonites marched out and were deployed for battle at the entrance to the city, while the kings who had come were by themselves in the field. When Joab saw that the battle would be fought on two fronts, he chose some of Israel s best men and deployed them against the Arameans. He put his brother Abishai in charge of the rest of the army and they were deployed against the Ammonites. Joab said, If the Arameans start to overpower me, you come to my rescue. If the Ammonites start to overpower you, I will come to your rescue. Be strong! Let s fight bravely for the sake of our people and the cities of our God! The Lord will do what he decides is best! So Joab and his

6 6 men marched toward the Arameans to do battle, and they fled before him. When the Ammonites saw the Arameans flee, they fled before Joab s brother Abishai and withdrew into the city. Joab went back to Jerusalem. When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River, led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer s army. When David was informed, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan River, and marched against them. David deployed his army against the Arameans for battle and they fought against him. The Arameans fled before Israel. David killed 7,000 Aramean charioteers and 40,000 infantrymen; he also killed Shophach the commanding general. When Hadadezer s subjects saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites. (NET) 2. 1 Chronicles 20:1-3, In the spring, at the time when kings normally conduct wars, Joab led the army into battle and devastated the land of the Ammonites. He went and besieged Rabbah, while David stayed in Jerusalem. Joab defeated Rabbah and tore it down. 2 David took the crown from the head of their king and wore it (its weight was a talent of gold and it was set with precious stones). He took a large amount of plunder from the city. 3 He removed the city s residents and made them do hard labor with saws, iron picks, and axes. This was his policy with all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all the army returned to Jerusalem. (NET) C. victories over the Philistines Chronicles 20:4-8, Later there was a battle with the Philistines in Gezer. At that time Sibbekai the Hushathite

7 7 killed Sippai, one of the descendants of the Rephaim, and the Philistines were subdued. There was another battle with the Philistines in which Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear had a shaft as big as the crossbeam of a weaver s loom. In a battle in Gath there was a large man who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot twenty-four in all! He too was a descendant of Rapha. When he taunted Israel, Jonathan son of Shimea, David s brother, killed him. These were the descendants of Rapha who lived in Gath; they were killed by the hand of David and his soldiers. (NET) Note: 1 Chronicles 18:1-20:8 delineates many of God s mighty works through David. (See Hicks.) The Lord gave David victory everywhere he went. II. 1 Chronicles 18:1-17 can be categorized in three topics; viz., (See Hicks.) A. military victories Chronicles 18:1-6, Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns away from the Philistines. He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David s subjects and brought tribute. David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority to the Euphrates River. David seized from him 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of Hadadezer s chariot horses. The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans

8 8 became David s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. (NET) B. vassal tribute Chronicles 18:7-13, David took the golden shields which Hadadezer s servants had carried and brought them to Jerusalem. From Tibhath and Kun, Hadadezer s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called The Sea, the pillars, and other bronze items.) When King Tou of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah, he sent his son Hadoram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze. King David dedicated these things to the Lord, along with the silver and gold which he had carried off from all the nations, including Edom, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek. Abishai son of Zeruiah killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. (NET) C. David s personnel Chronicles 18:14-17, David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. Joab son of Zeruiah was commanding general of the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; Zadok son of Ahitub and Abimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was scribe; Benaiah son of Jehoiada supervised the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David s sons were the king s leading officials. (NET)

9 9 III. 1 Chronicles 18:1-17 is parallel with 2 Samuel 8:1-18. (Coffman) A. 2 Samuel 8:1-18, Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. David took Metheg Ammah from the Philistines. He defeated the Moabites. He made them lie on the ground and then used a rope to measure them off. He put twothirds of them to death and spared the other third. The Moabites became David s subjects and brought tribute. David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish his authority over the Euphrates River. David seized from him 1,700 charioteers and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of the chariot horses. The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. David took the golden shields that belonged to Hadadezer s servants and brought them to Jerusalem. From Tebah and Berothai, Hadadezer s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze. When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, he sent his son Joram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. King David dedicated these things to the Lord, along with the dedicated silver and gold that he had taken from all the nations that he had subdued, including Aram, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek. This also included some of the plunder taken from King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah. David became famous when he returned from defeating the Arameans in the Valley of Salt, he defeated 18,000 in all. He placed garrisons throughout Edom, and all

10 10 the Edomites became David s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. Joab son of Zeruiah was general in command of the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was scribe; 18 Benaiah son of Jehoida supervised the Kerithites and Pelethites; and David s sons were priests. (NET) 1. The Chronicles made no mention of David s extreme cruelty to the Moabites; but otherwise there are few variations. (Coffman) 2. The deaths of the Moabites is in keeping with similar military disposition of enemies addressed in 1 Chronicles 18. David s Victories 1 Chronicles 18:1-13, Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns away from the Philistines. He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David s subjects and brought tribute. David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority to the Euphrates River. David seized from him 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of Hadadezer s chariot horses. The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. David took the golden shields which Hadadezer s servants had carried and brought them to Jerusalem. From Tibhath and Kun, Hadadezer s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called The Sea, the pillars, and other bronze items.) When King Tou of

11 11 Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah, he sent his son Hadoram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze. King David dedicated these things to the Lord, along with the silver and gold which he had carried off from all the nations, including Edom, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek.Abishai son of Zeruiah killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. (NET) I. In the course of time, David defeated the Philistines and subdued them, and he took Gath and its surrounding villages from the control of the Philistines. (NIV) A. Philistia was located southwest of Jerusalem along the Mediterranean coast. (Hicks) 1. Philistines originally were residents of Caphtor thought to be Crete. a. Genesis 10:14, Pathrusites, Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came), and Caphtorites. (NET) B. In 2 Samuel 8:1 the conquered Philistine city is named Metheg Ammah rather than Gath. (Pulpit Commentary) 1. Gath was one of five major Philistine cities. C. David defeated several enemies and ruled over them through their vassal kings whom he sometimes left in place. (Pulpit Commentary)

12 Kings 4:24, His royal court was so large because he ruled over all the kingdoms west of the Euphrates River from Tiphsah to Gaza; he was at peace with all his neighbors. (NET) 2. 2 Chronicles 9:26, He ruled all the kingdoms from the Euphrates River to the land of the Philistines as far as the border of Egypt. (NET) 3. 1 Kings 2:39, Three years later two of Shimei s servants ran away to King Achish son of Maacah of Gath. Shimei was told, Look, your servants are in Gath. (NET) II. David also defeated the Moabites, and they became subject to him and brought tribute. (NIV) A. Paying of tribute by the Moabites to David indicates the Moabites remained a conquered people and continued to be subservient to Israel. B. The Moabites descended from Moab, a son of Lot, Abraham s nephew, by an incestuous union with his older daughter. 1. Genesis 19:37, The older daughter gave birth to a son and named him Moab. He is the ancestor of the Moabites of today. (NET) III. Moreover, David fought Hadadezer king of Zobah, as far as Hamath, when he went to establish his (dominion) control along the Euphrates River. (NIV) A. Zobah was one of the Aramaean states to the immediate north of Israel in the Becca Valley. (Hicks)

13 13 1. Zobah was the land between the Orontes River and the Euphrates River. (Youngblood) 2. The Becca (Bekaa) Valley was located between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains. B. Hamath was in the valley of the Orontes River, the northern boundary of the Holy Land. (Pulpit Commentary) 1. Genesis 10:16-19, the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, 17 Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, 18 Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites. Eventually the families of the Canaanites were scattered 19 and the borders of Canaan extended from Sidon all the way to Gerar as far as Gaza, and all the way to Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha. (NET) 2. Numbers 13:21, So they went up and investigated the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, at Lebo Hamath. (NET) 3. Amos 6:12, Can horses run on rocky cliffs? Can one plow the sea with oxen? Yet you have turned justice into a poisonous plant, and the fruit of righteous actions into a bitter plant. (NET) C. Hadadezer (Hadarezer) was the son of Rehob Samuel 8:3-12, David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish his authority over the Euphrates River. David seized from him 1,700 charioteers and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of the chariot horses. The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the

14 14 Arameans. David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. David took the golden shields that belonged to Hadadezer s servants and brought them to Jerusalem. From Tebah and Berothai, Hadadezer s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze. When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, he sent his son Joram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. King David dedicated these things to the Lord, along with the dedicated silver and gold that he had taken from all the nations that he had subdued, including Aram, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek. This also included some of the plunder taken from King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah. (NET) IV. David captured a thousand of his chariots, seven-thousand of his charioteers and twenty-thousand foot soldiers. He (houghed) hamstrung all but a hundred of the chariot horses. (NIV) A. David hamstrung all but a hundred of the chariot horses; that is, crippled so as to incapacitate them for military use by cutting the large tendon above and behind the hock, the joint in the hind leg corresponding to the ankle in man. B. Compare the numbers in this verse with those of 2 Samuel 8:4, David seized from him 1,700 charioteers and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of the chariot horses. (NET)

15 15 V. When the Arameans of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David struck down twenty-two thousand of them. (NIV) A. Hicks wrote, The royal name Hadadezer means Hadas is help where Hada is an alternative name for Baal. Thus, while Hadazer depended on Baal, the Lord gave David victory. B. Arameans were an ancient desert people who flourished along with the Israelites during much of their history, sometimes as friends and sometimes as friends. The region of the Arameans, the land of Aram, extended from the west eastward to the Euphrates River and from the Taurus Mountains on the north southward to Damascus. (Youngblood) C. Damascus is the oldest continually inhabited city in the world and capital of Syria, located northeast of the Sea of Galilee. (Youngblood) 1. Isaiah 7:8, For Syria s leader is Damascus, and the leader of Damascus is Rezin. Within sixty-five years Ephraim will no longer exist as a nation. (NET) VI. He put garrisons in the Aramean kingdom of Damascus, and the Arameans became subject to him and brought tribute. The Lord gave David victory everywhere he went. (NIV) A. Damascus was located NE of Dan s territory. (Hicks). VII. David took the gold shields carried by the officers of Hadadezer and brought them to Jerusalem. (NIV) A. The gold shields speak to the wealth of Zobah. (Pulpit Commentary)

16 16 VIII. From Tebah (Tibhath, Betah) and Cun (Chun, Berothai), towns (in Syria) that belonged to Hadadezer, David took a great quantity of bronze, which Solomon used to make the Bronze Sea, the pillars and various bronze articles. (NIV) A. 2 Samuel 8:8, From Tebah and Berothai, Hadadezer s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze. (NET) B. Ezekiel 47:16, Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath, as far as Hazer-hattikon, which is on the border of Hauran. (NET) C. Solomon s later use of some of David s military booty in building the temple is here confirmed Kings 7:14-47, He was the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a craftsman in bronze from Tyre. He had the skill and knowledge to make all kinds of works of bronze. He reported to King Solomon and did all the work he was assigned. He fashioned two bronze pillars; each pillar was 27 feet high and 18 feet in circumference. He made two bronze tops for the pillars; each was seven-and-a-half feet high. The latticework on the tops of the pillars was adorned with ornamental wreaths and chains; the top of each pillar had seven groupings of ornaments. When he made the pillars, there were two rows of pomegranate-shaped ornaments around the latticework covering the top of each pillar. The tops of the two pillars in the porch were shaped like lilies and were six feet high. On the top of each pillar, right above the bulge beside the latticework, there were two hundred pomegranate-shaped ornaments arranged in rows all the way around. He set up the pillars on the porch in front of the main hall. He erected one pillar on

17 17 the right side and called it Yakin; he erected the other pillar on the left side and called it Boaz. The tops of the pillars were shaped like lilies. So the construction of the pillars was completed. He also made the large bronze basin called The Sea. It measured 15 feet from rim to rim, was circular in shape, and stood seven-and-a-half feet high. Its circumference was 45 feet. Under the rim all the way around it were round ornaments arranged in settings 15 feet long. The ornaments were in two rows and had been cast with The Sea. The Sea stood on top of twelve bulls. Three faced northward, three westward, three southward, and three eastward. The Sea was placed on top of them, and they all faced outward. It was four fingers thick and its rim was like that of a cup shaped like a lily blossom. It could hold about 12,000 gallons. He also made ten bronze movable stands. Each stand was six feet long, six feet wide, and four-and-a-half feet high. The stands were constructed with frames between the joints. On these frames and joints were ornamental lions, bulls, and cherubim. Under the lions and bulls were decorative wreaths. Each stand had four bronze wheels with bronze axles and four supports. Under the basin the supports were fashioned on each side with wreaths. Inside the stand was a round opening that was a foot-and-a-half deep; it had a support that was two and one-quarter feet long. On the edge of the opening were carvings in square frames. The four wheels were under the frames and the crossbars of the axles were connected to the stand. Each wheel was two and onequarter feet high. The wheels were constructed like chariot wheels; their crossbars, rims, spokes, and hubs were made of cast metal. Each stand had four supports, one per side projecting out from the stand. On top of each stand was a round opening three-quarters of a foot deep; there were also supports and frames on top of the stands.

18 18 He engraved ornamental cherubim, lions, and palm trees on the plates of the supports and frames wherever there was room, with wreaths all around. He made the ten stands in this way. All of them were cast in one mold and were identical in measurements and shape. He also made ten bronze basins, each of which could hold about 240 gallons. Each basin was six feet in diameter; there was one basin for each stand. He put five basins on the south side of the temple and five on the north side. He put The Sea on the south side, in the southeast corner. Hiram also made basins, shovels, and bowls. He finished all the work on the Lord s temple he had been assigned by King Solomon. He made the two pillars, the two bowl-shaped tops of the pillars, the latticework for the bowl-shaped tops of the two pillars, the four hundred pomegranateshaped ornaments for the latticework of the two pillars (each latticework had two rows of these ornaments at the bowl-shaped top of the pillar), the ten movable stands with their ten basins, the big bronze basin called The Sea with its twelve bulls underneath, and the pots, shovels, and bowls. All these items King Solomon assigned Hiram to make for the Lord s temple were made from polished bronze. The king had them cast in earth foundries in the region of the Jordan between Succoth and Zarethan. Solomon left all these items unweighed; there were so many of them they did not weigh the bronze. (NET) 2. 2 Chronicles 4:1-18, He made a bronze altar, 30 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 15 feet high. He also made the big bronze basin called The Sea. It measured 15 feet from rim to rim, was circular in shape, and stood seven and one-half feet high. Its circumference was 45 feet. Images of bulls were under it all the way around, ten every eighteen inches all the way around. The bulls were in two

19 19 rows and had been cast with The Sea. The Sea stood on top of twelve bulls. Three faced northward, three westward, three southward, and three eastward. The Sea was placed on top of them, and they all faced outward. It was four fingers thick and its rim was like that of a cup shaped like a lily blossom. It could hold 18,000 gallons. He made ten washing basins; he put five on the south side and five on the north side. In them they rinsed the items used for burnt sacrifices; the priests washed in The Sea. He made ten gold lampstands according to specifications and put them in the temple, five on the right and five on the left. He made ten tables and set them in the temple, five on the right and five on the left. He also made one hundred gold bowls. He made the courtyard of the priests and the large enclosure and its doors; he plated their doors with bronze. He put The Sea on the south side, in the southeast corner. Huram Abi made the pots, shovels, and bowls. He finished all the work on God s temple he had been assigned by King Solomon. He made the two pillars, the two bowl-shaped tops of the pillars, the latticework for the bowl-shaped tops of the two pillars, the four hundred pomegranateshaped ornaments for the latticework of the two pillars (each latticework had two rows of these ornaments at the bowl-shaped top of the pillar), the ten movable stands with their ten basins, the big bronze basin called The Sea with its twelve bulls underneath, and the pots, shovels, and meat forks. All the items King Solomon assigned Huram Abi to make for the Lord s temple were made from polished bronze. The king had them cast in earth foundries in the region of the Jordan between Succoth and Zarethan. Solomon made so many of these items they did not weigh the bronze. (NET)

20 20 3. The laver of the tabernacle is now called a sea because of its large size. (Pulpit Commentary) a. Exodus 30:17-21, The Lord spoke to Moses: You are also to make a large bronze basin with a bronze stand for washing. You are to put it between the tent of meeting and the altar and put water in it, and Aaron and his sons must wash their hands and their feet from it. When they enter the tent of meeting, they must wash with water so that they do not die. Also, when they approach the altar to minister by burning incense as an offering made by fire to the Lord, they must wash their hands and their feet so that they do not die. And this will be a perpetual ordinance for them and for their descendants throughout their generations. (NET) b. Leviticus 8:10, 11, Then Moses took the anointing oil and anointed the tabernacle and everything in it, and so consecrated them. 11 Next he sprinkled some of it on the altar seven times and so anointed the altar, all its vessels, and the washbasin and its stand to consecrate them. (NET) c. 1 Kings 7:38, He also made ten bronze basins, each of which could hold about 240 gallons. Each basin was six feet in diameter; there was one basin for each stand. (NET) 4. Solomon s temple contained ten lavers and some were used for washing the sacrificial animals. a. 2 Chronicles 4:6, He made ten washing basins; he put five on the south side and five on the north side.

21 21 In them they rinsed the items used for burnt sacrifices; the priests washed in The Sea. (NET) D. The words brass, bronze and copper are often used interchangeably in various English translations of the Bible. (Youngblood) 1. Bronze is a hard and durable alloy of copper and tin. (Holt, Rinchart, Winston) IX. When Tou (Toi) king of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer king of Zobah,... (NIV) A. 2 Samuel 8:9, 10, When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, he sent his son Joram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. (NET) B. Nothing more is known of King Tou (Toi) of Hamath. (The Pulpit Commentary) C. Hamath was an ancient city of Syria situated on the Orontes River about 125 miles north of Damascus. Hamath was also the name of the territory surrounding the city of Hamath. (Youngblood) X. He sent his son Hadoram (Joram) to King David to greet him and congratulate him on his victory in battle over Hadadezer, who had been at war with Tou. Hodoram brought all kinds of articles of gold and silver and bronze. (NIV) A. 2 Samuel 8:10, he sent his son Joram to King David to extend his best wishes and to pronounce a blessing on him for

22 22 his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. (NET) B. Tou must have seen clearly that he was no match for David s forces and now decided to petition for peace with Israel. XI. King David dedicated these articles to the Lord, as he had done with the silver and gold he had taken from all these nations: Edom and Moab, the Ammonites and the Philistines, and Amalek. (NIV) A. David s authority extended east to the environs of the Euphrates River and north toward Damascus! B. In regard to Amalek, see: 1. 1 Samuel 30:1-20, 26-31, On the third day David and his men came to Ziklag. Now the Amalekites had raided the Negev and Ziklag. They attacked Ziklag and burned it. They took captive the women who were in it, from the youngest to the oldest, but they did not kill anyone. They simply carried them off and went on their way. When David and his men came to the city, they found it burned. Their wives, sons, and daughters had been taken captive. Then David and the men who were with him wept loudly until they could weep no more. David s two wives had been taken captive Ahinoam the Jezreelite and Abigail the Carmelite, Nabal s widow. David was very upset, for the men were thinking of stoning him; each man grieved bitterly over his sons and daughters. But David drew strength from the Lord his God. Then David said to the priest Abiathar son of Ahimelech, Bring me the ephod. So Abiathar brought the ephod to David. David inquired of the Lord, saying, Should I pursue this raiding band? Will I overtake them? He said to him, Pursue, for you

23 23 will certainly overtake them and carry out a rescue! So David went, accompanied by his six hundred men. When he came to the Wadi Besor, those who were in the rear stayed there. David and four hundred men continued the pursuit, but two hundred men who were too exhausted to cross the Wadi Besor stayed there. Then they found an Egyptian in the field and brought him to David. They gave him bread to eat and water to drink. They gave him a slice of pressed figs and two bunches of raisins to eat. This greatly refreshed him, for he had not eaten food or drunk water for three days and three nights. David said to him, To whom do you belong, and where are you from? The young man said, I am an Egyptian, the servant of an Amalekite man. My master abandoned me when I was ill for three days. We conducted a raid on the Negev of the Kerethites, on the area of Judah, and on the Negev of Caleb. We burned Ziklag. David said to him, Can you take us down to this raiding party? He said, Swear to me by God that you will not kill me or hand me over to my master, and I will take you down to this raiding party. So he took David down, and they found them spread out over the land. They were eating and drinking and enjoying themselves because of all the loot they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah. But David struck them down from twilight until the following evening. None of them escaped, with the exception of four hundred young men who got away on camels. David retrieved everything the Amalekites had taken; he also rescued his two wives. There was nothing missing, whether small or great. He retrieved sons and daughters, the plunder, and everything else they had taken. David brought everything back. David took all the flocks and herds and drove them in front of the rest of the animals. People were saying, This is David s plunder! When David came to Ziklag,

24 24 he sent some of the plunder to the elders of Judah who were his friends, saying, Here s a gift for you from the looting of the Lord s enemies! The gift was for those in the following locations: for those in Bethel, Ramoth Negev, and Jattir; for those in Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa, and Racal; for those in the cities of the Jerahmeelites and Kenites; for those in Hormah, Bor Ashan, Athach, 31 and Hebron; and for those in whatever other places David and his men had traveled. (NET) 2. The Amalekites were descendants from Esau s grandson Amalek. C. Edomites were descendants of Esau, Jacob s twin brother. D. Ammonites were descendants of Ben-Ammi through Lot by an incestuous relationship with his younger daughter. XII. Abishai son of Zeruiah struck down eighteen-thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt. (NIV) A. David s kingdom also expanded in a southeasterly direction toward the Dead/Salt Sea. B. Related Scriptures: 1. 2 Samuel 8:13, David became famous when he returned from defeating the Arameans in the Valley of Salt, he defeated 18,000 in all. (NET) 2. Psalm 60:2, You made the earth quake; you split it open. Repair its breaches, for it is ready to fall. (NET) 3. 1 Kings 11:15, 16, During David s campaign against Edom, Joab, the commander of the army, while on a

25 25 mission to bury the dead, killed every male in Edom. For six months Joab and the entire Israelite army stayed there until they had exterminated every male in Edom. (NET) 4. 1 Chronicles 2:16, Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah s three sons were Abshai, Joab, and Asahel. (NET) 5. 1 Chronicles 11:20, Abishai the brother of Joab was head of the three elite warriors. He killed three hundred men with his spear and gained fame along with the three elite warriors. (NET) C. This victory in 2 Samuel 8:13 is attributed to David because Abishai was under David s command. 1. Abishai and Joab, two of David s mighty warriors, were brothers, sons of Zeruiah Kings 11:15, 16, During David s campaign against Edom, Joab, the commander of the army, while on a mission to bury the dead, killed every male in Edom. 16 For six months Joab and the entire Israelite army stayed there until they had exterminated every male in Edom. (NET) XIII. He put garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became subject to David. The Lord gave David victory everywhere he went. (NIV) David s Officials 1 Chronicles 18:14-17, David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. Joab son of Zeruiah was commanding general of the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary;

26 26 Zadok son of Ahitub and Abimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was scribe; Benaiah son of Jehoiada supervised the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David s sons were the king s leading officials. (NET) I. David reigned over all Israel, doing what was just and right for all the people. (NIV) A. Peace reigned throughout the land! Justice and righteousness prevailed. II. Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder;... (NIV) A. Hicks wrote that David s cabinet was organized loosely after Egyptian administrations and consisted of six groups; viz., 1. army commander, first in command under David. a. Joab 2. recorder. a. Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud. b. 2 Chronicles 34:8, In the eighteenth year of his reign, he continued his policy of purifying the land and the temple. He sent Shaphan son of Azaliah, Maaseiah the city official, and Joah son of Joahaz the secretary to repair the temple of the Lord his God. (NET) c. The recorder was the official royal, governmental historian, but his duties exceeded those of a mere historian.

27 27 3. priests. a. Zadok and Ahimelech b. One priest was evidently stationed at Gibeon with the tabernacle and one of Jerusalem with the ark. (Clarke) c. 1 Chronicles 16:39, Zadok the priest and his fellow priests served before the Lord s tabernacle at the worship center in Gibeon, (NET) 4. secretary/scribe. a. Shavsha b. 1 Chronicles 24:6, The scribe Shemaiah son of Nethanel, a Levite, wrote down their names before the king, the officials, Zadok the priest, Ahimelech son of Abiathar, and the leaders of the priestly and Levite families. One family was drawn by lot from Eleazar, and then the next from Ithamar. (NET) c. 2 Samuel 8:17, Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was scribe; (NET) 5. commander of the Kerethites (Cherethites) and Pelethites (Philistines). a. Benaiah b. The Kerethites and Pelethites were likely David s bodyguards taken from among tribes of the Philistines.

28 28 6. chief officials, princes. a. David s sons. b. Clarke stated, These were the highest in authority. III. Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was secretary;... (NIV) A. 1 Chronicles 15:11, David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar, along with the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab. (NET) B. Ahimelech probably served along side of his father, Abiathar. IV. Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David s sons were chief officials at the king s side. A. 2 Samuel 8:18, Benaiah son of Jehoida supervised the Kerithites and Pelethites; and David s sons were priests. (NET) B. Observe the terms priests, royal advisers and chief officials. 1. Coffman found the word administrator reflects the original in all verses being considered. C. Priests should be emended as in the NIV making David s sons government officials rather than priests. Conclusion: I. God had been with David in all his trials and tribulations and God continued to be with David in all his victories and successes.

29 29 A. The Lord gave David victory everywhere he went. 1 Chronicles 18:6, 13. B. If we keep our hearts, lives, minds, bodies, souls and spirits centered on Christ our Lord, God will bless us also, in good times and bad as well. II. Patience is a virtue! A. Israel had been charged with the conquest of Caanan. B. They had inconsistently dedicated themselves to this task. C. Only now and in Solomon s reign did the borders of Israel reach their boundary goals. D. This process took some 412 years! (1422 B.C B.C.) (The Reese Chronological Bible)

30 30 Questions 1 Chronicles 18:1-17 (Questions based on NIV text.) 1. 1 Chronicles 18:1-20:8 falls into what three sections? 2. 1 Chronicles 18:1-17 can be categorized into what three topics? 3. The gave he. 4. and are parallel passages. How do they differ? 5. List the nations, tribes as in 1 Chronicles 18 which were defeated by David or otherwise became subservient to Israel.

31 31 6. Who were the Philistines? Where did they live? 7. Who were the Moabites? Where did they live? 8. Who was Hadadezer? Who were the people over whom he reigned? Where did they live? 9. Reconcile the numbers found in 1 Chronicles 18:4 and 2 Samuel 8:4?

32 What does hamstrung mean? Why did David use this procedure with enemy horses? 11. Who were the Arameans? What do you know about Damascus? 12. Does it seem strange to you that God would help David kill so many people? Explain your reasoning. 13. What did David take from Hadadezer and the towns that belonged to him? What was done with these things? 14. Who was Tou (Toi)? How did he react to David s military power? Was he wise in taking this course of action? Explain your answer.

33 Where was Hamath? 16. After the negotiations were completed, what was Tou s relationship with David? 17. Who were the Edomites? 18. Who were the Ammonites?

34 Who were the Amalekites? 20. Where is the Valley of Salt? What happened there? 21. In Israel s Golden Age over, doing what was and for the. 22. What were Israel s boundaries at the peak of David s success? 23. David s government followed loosely the Egyptian administrative model. What six categories are listed in verses 15-17?

35 What were the responsibilities of each administrative unit? 25. Name and identify the persons associated with each governmental unit.