[ ][ ] [ ] [ ] A.6 Household code पररव र क ड [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

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1 Hello. My name is. I am doing a study with the Delhi University. We wish to know about you, your family, and your village. We would like to spend an hour or so with you. We are not from the government. We are talking to several people in this and other villages. We are going to write a book on the basis of this information. Talking to us or not is your decision. There are no benefits or harms accruing to you from talking to us. If you talk to us, then we will be able to write this book. A A.1 A.2 Consent Can we ask you a few questions? STATE र ज य Yes...1 No... 2 [ ] END A.3 District ज ऱ [ ] [ ] A.6 Village ग व [ ][ ] A.5 Interviewer Code इ टरव य अर क ड A.6 Household code पररव र क ड [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] A.7 Date त र ख़ [ ] [ ] / [ ] [ ] / [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] day month year A.8 Time start श र करन क समय [ ] [ ] : [ ] [ ] AM / PM hour minutes A.9 A.9.1 Interview Completed इ टरव य प र ह आ? Incomplete reason इ टरव य प र न ह न क क रण? A.10 Letter of last completed section आखर प र लऱए स क शन क ऱ टर A.11 Code of interviewer who checked इ टरव य अर ज न ह न च क ककय A.12 Checked by Team Leader ट म ऱ डर न च क ककय? A.13 Accompanied by Team Leader ट म ऱ डर स थ थ? Yes...1 No... 2 The respondent refused... 1 Time up...2 A.11 [ ] R [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 1

2 Instructions: Only columns B.1.1 to B.1.6 (except B.3.2) are to be filled initially. The last six columns will be filled later. B Household Roster Who is the head of this household? (write in B.1.1 below) Interviewer read: We want to ask you about every person living in your family. In the last one year, whosoever lived below this roof for more than two months, please tell us their names? (Interviewer: In this list, please include those members of the household who work outside, if they lived in the house for more than two months in the last one year. Include recently married women who have become a part of the household, too. S. No. B.1.1 Name of the person (All) B.1.2 Sex (All) B.1.3 Relationsh ip with the household head B.1.4 Age y=year m=mont h (all) B.3.2 Number for selection (age18-65, your sex) B.1.5 Years of education completed (age 5+) B.1.6 Occupat ion (age 5+) B.2.2 Migrated? B.2.3 Urban or Rural? G.2.1 Usual defecation place (age 2+) Fill Later G.2.2 near or far (age 2-5 and 65+) G.2.5 Only toilet use G.2.7 Use mobile (age 10+) 1 Head: y: m: 2 y: m: 3 y: m: 4 y: m: 5 y: m: 6 y: m: 7 y: m: 8 y: m: 9 y: m: 10 y: m: 11 y: m: 12 y: m: 13 y: m: 14 y: m: 15 y: m: 16 y: m: 17 y: m: 18 y: m: 19 y: m: 20 y: m: 21 y: m: 22 y: m: 23 y: m: 24 y: m: 2

3 B.1.2 Sex (all) male = 1 female = 2 B.1.3 relationship with household head head = 1 husband/wife = 2 son/daughter = 3 daughter-in-law/ son-in-law = 4 grandfather /grandmother = 5 B.1.5 Years of education completed (for members of age 5 and above) B.1.6 Occupation (for members of age 5 and above) No schooling = 0 classes : 1-12 Does not work = 0 Agriculture = 1 Animal Husbandry = 2 Govt. Job = 3 Granddaughter/ Grandson = 6 Father/mother = 7 Brother/sister = 8 Father-in-law/ Mother-in-law = 9 Nephew/niece = 10 BA 1st-3rd yr. :13-15 MA = 16 Any other diploma = 17 Agricultural labour = 4 Non-agricultural labour = 5 Independent/skilled work = 6 Own shop/business = 7 Salaried job = 8 B.2.2 Migrated? Yes = 1 (Only for those who have migrated) B.2.3 Urban or rural? Urban = 1 (Only for those who have migrated) Rural = 2 G.2.1 Usually defecates where? (age 2+) Latrine = 1 Open = 2 G.2.2 Far or near? (age 2-5 and 65+) Far from the house = 1 Near the house = 2 G.2.5 Only latrine usage Live below the same roof = leave blank Do not live below the same roof, just use toilet = 1 G.2.7 Have mobile (age 10+) yes = 1 no = 2 Brother-in-law/sister-in-law = 11 Adopted son/daughter = 12 Any other relative = 13 Neighbor = 14 Other = 15 Madrasa study = 18 Vocational education = 19 Household work = 9 Student = 10 Other = 11 Don t know =

4 B.2 Migration B.2.1 Did you or any member of your household migrate in the last ten years, for at least one month? B.2.2 Who all in your household migrated? B.2.3 Where did this person migrate to? To a rural area, or an urban area? Yes...1 No 2 Do not prompt. Let the respondent reply and write their response in the household roster. Ask for those members who migrated. Write their responses in the household roster. B.3 Household roster Household roster B.3 Selection B.3.1 Interviewer: Write the codes of the members who gave information about the household. (Write the codes of those who gave more information first) B.3.2 B.3.3 B.3.4 B.3.5 B.3.6 B.3.7 B.3.8 a. [ ] [ ] b. [ ] [ ] c. [ ] [ ] Interviewer fill on your own: In the column B.3.2 of the household roster, number all the members of the household, starting from the top, who are of your sex and who are between the ages of 18 and 65. See the Randomization Sheet for the number of the household member that you need to talk to, and ask to talk to the household member corresponding to that number. If that member is not available despite trying, look up the randomization sheet a second time, and ask for the household member corresponding to that number. You can do this three times. If you are unable to find someone after three randomizations, please stop the interview. Interviewer: What is the first code in the Randomisation Sheet? Interviewer: Is this person available to talk? Interviewer: what is the second code in the Randomization Sheet? Interviewer: Is this person available to talk? Interviewer: What is the third code in the Randomization Sheet? Interviewer: Is this person available to talk [ ] [ ] Yes...1 No. 2 [ ] [ ] Yes...1 No. 2 [ ] [ ] Yes...1 No. 2 B.4 B.4 B.4 END 4

5 B.4 Privacy B.4.1 Are you alone with the respondent? (The questions that follow should be answered only by the respondent. Please advise other people sitting at the interview that this is a study in which only the respondent s opinions are required, and ask them to leave you along with the respondent. If need be, you can go sit with a respondent at a place where others aren t present. B.5 Consent Yes...1 No 2 B.5 B.5.1 Hello. My name is. I am doing a study with the Delhi University. We wish to know about you, your family, and your village. We would like to spend an hour or so with you. We are not from the government. Yes...1 No. 2 END We are talking to several people in this and other villages. We are going to write a book on the basis of this information. Talking to us or not is your decision. There are no benefits or harms accruing to you from talking to us. If you talk to us, then we will be able to write this book. Can we ask you a few questions? 5

6 C Health Beliefs C.1 According to you, what does this respondent look like? See the picture below and write a number in the box. [ ] C.2 For the next few questions, I will ask you to think about two kinds of villages, and would like to ask you, in which kind of village will children be healthier, or w they would be similar in both villages. C.2.1 C.2.2 C.2.3 Imagine that there are two villages: In one, people usually eat wheat rotis, while in the other one, people usually eat rice. In which village would children be healthier, or would they be similar in both villages? Imagine that there are two villages: In one, people use cow dung to cook food, and in the other, people use kerosene oil. In which village would children be healthier, or would they be similar in both villages? Imagine that there are two villages: In one village, everyone uses a latrine to defecate, while in the other, everyone goes out in the open. In which village would children be healthier, or would they be similar in both villages? Rice Rotis Similar Cow-dung...1 Kerosene Similar....3 Latrine Open Similar...3 6

7 C.3 Think about a ladder. The top-most step shows of the ladder shows the best possible life for you, and the bottom-most step shows the worst possible life for you. According to you, on what step is your life at the moment? Please point it out to me. (Interviewer: On the step marked by the respondent, make a small tick. Count the steps from the bottom, and write it in the box next to the question. To get the number of the step, you can use the boxes below.) [ ] [ ] Don t know

8 C.4 Now I want you to think about your health. How do you find your health currently? If the top-most rung of this ladder represents the best possible health for you, and the bottom-most rung represents the worst-possible health, then where would you place your health right now? Please point it out to me. [ ] [ ] Don t know (Interviewer: On the step marked by the respondent, make a small tick. Count the steps from the bottom, and write it in the box next to the question. To get the number of the step, you can use the boxes below.) 8

9 C.5 Interviewer observation: Are there any children below age fifteen in this house? C.6 Now I want you to think about the health of your children. According to you, how is the health of your children right now? If the top-most rung of this ladder represents the best possible health for your children, and if the bottom-most rung of this ladder represents the worst possible health for your children, then, according to you, where would you place your children s health? Please point it out to me. (Interviewer: On the step marked by the respondent, make a small tick. Count the steps from the bottom, and write it in the box next to the question. To get the number of the step, you can use the boxes below.) Yes No [ ] [ ] Don t know C.7 9

10 C.7 Now I will read a list of several changes for you. I want you to tell me if health will improve or not because of the following changes. Will health improve or not because of? (Repeat this question every time. Tick all responses for which the respondent says that health will improve) Change Improve Not Improve a. Stopping chewing tobacco 1 2 b. Eating more food 1 2 c. Cooking food with LPG or Kerosene 1 2 d. Defecating in a Latrine 1 2 e. Stopping consuming alcohol 1 2 f. Stopping smoking cigarettes 1 2 h. Having more money 1 2 i. Having a hospital nearby 1 2 j. Eating eggs 1 2 C.8 Of the changes that you think improve health, which would you like to change to improve health? Imagine that you could change any three of these. Which of these three would you like to change first? What will you change first, second, and last? I am going to read out the list of changes for you again, to remind you. Read the changes listed above for which the respondent has said that health will improve after them. Then, according to the priorities of the respondent, fill the ranks for the first, second, and third priorities. If there are three or less than three things from which health will improve according to them, then find their priorities within those changes. Rank Letter of change C.8.1 First C.8.2 Second C.8.3 Third 10

11 C.9 Sometimes children catch a cold or have a running nose. What do you think, how does this happen? Why do children catch cold? (Accept more than one response. Do not prompt. However, you can ask the question again. Do not insist on an answer, but if the respondent says something but does not complete their response, then ask the respondent How does [what the respondent said] cause a cold? ) Infection.1 Bacteria Not washing hands From other people....2 Water/Food...3 Drinking dirty water Eating dirty food..32 Eating wrong food Eating/drinking cold things..34 Eating a lot..35 Change in water... 4 Latrine...5 Defecating in the open..51 Defecating in a latrine...52 Dust and pollution....6 From smoke From dust From garbage Weather...7 Because of weather...71 By being in the cold Evil-eye From bad winds...9 From taking baths.. 10 Because of allergy...11 Other (specify) Don t know

12 C.10 Sometimes children have diarrhoea. What do you think, why do children have diarrhoea? What causes diarrhoea in children? (Accept more than one response. Do not prompt. However, you can ask the question again. Do not insist on an answer, but if the respondent says something but does not complete their response, then ask the respondent How does [what the respondent said] cause a cold? ) Infection.1 Bacteria Not washing hands From other people....2 Water/Food...3 Drinking dirty water Eating dirty food..32 Eating wrong food Eating/drinking cold things..34 Eating a lot..35 Change in water... 4 Latrine...5 Defecating in the open..51 Defecating in a latrine...52 Dust and pollution From smoke From dust From garbage Weather...7 Because of weather...71 By being in the cold Evil-eye From bad winds...9 From taking baths.. 10 Because of allergy...11 Other (specify) Don t know

13 D Priorities of people D.1 Now I want to ask about your village, about the facilities in your village. I want you to tell me if these facilities are good, not good, or non-existent in your village. (Ask people questions according to their religion. If the respondent says that a particular facility is not good or non-existent, mark a tick against it) How are the in/for your village? Good, not good or non-existent? Topic Good Not Nonexiste know Don t good nt a. How are the roads and facilities to reach your village? b. How is the provision of clean drinking water in your village? c. How is the functioning of the panchayat in your village? d. How are the facilities for drainage of water in your village? e. How are the latrine facilities in your village? f. How is employment in your village? g. How is the electricity in your village? h. How are the temples/mosques and celebration of festivals in your village? i. How is the cleanliness of public places in your village? j. How is education in the schools of your village? k. How are the health facilities for your village? l. How is protection from mosquitoes in your village? D.2 Of the facilities that you said are not good or non-existent, which would you like to change? Imagine that you can change any of these three things in your village. What three things will you like to change? What will you change first, second and third? I will read the list of things that you said were not good or non-existent for you. Read out the list of facilities which are not good or non-existent according to the respondent. Write the letter of the first, second and third priorities below. If there aren t three facilities which are non-existent or not good, find out the ranks within the available number of facilities. If all facilities are good, then do not ask this question. Rank Letter D.2.1 First D.2.2 Second D.2.3 Third 13

14 E Household wealth E.1 Interviewer observation: how are the walls of this house mostly like? E.2 Interviewer observation: how is the roof of this house mostly like? E.3 Interviewer observation: how is the floor of this house mostly like? E.4 How many pakka rooms does your house have? E.5 How many kaccha rooms does your house have? E.6 Have you ever received any assistance from the government in the construction of your house? E.7.1 Do you have a traditional cook stove that uses wood or cow-dung? E.7.2 Do you have a stove that uses kerosene? E.7.3 Do you have a cook stove that uses LPG? E.7.4 What do you use most for cooking food? Kachhi...1 Somewhat Kachhi, Somewhat Pakki...2 Pakki...3 No walls Kachhi...1 Somewhat Kachhi, Somewhat Pakki...2 Pakki...3 No roof Kachha...1 Somewhat Kachha, Somewhat Pakka...2 Pakka...3 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Yes No.. 2 Yes No.. 2 Yes No.. 2 Yes No.. 2 Electricity LPG Kerosene Wood/Cow-dung No cooking in house Other (specify) Don t know

15 E.8 From what activity does most of the household income come from? Farming Animal Husbandry.2 Agricultural labour....3 Non-agricultural labour Skilled/Independent work. 5 Small shop/business..6 Organised business/trade (>5 employees)...7 Salaried job PROFESSIONAL (graduate)....9 Pension/rent/Shares.10 E.9 Do you own agricultural land? (If someone does sharecropping, that won t count. If someone has leased out land for share-cropping, that would count.) E.10 Do you have irrigation in your agricultural land? Other (specify) Yes No.. 2 Yes No.. 2 E.11 15

16 E.11 Now I will ask you about a few things, and you have to tell me whether you have them in your house or not. Do you have a? Have Don t have E.11.1 E.11.2 For counting a. Bed 1 2 b. Watch 1 2 c. Cooker 1 2 d. Electricity 1 2 e. Cycle 1 2 f. Cattle, Goat (Animal) 1 2 g. Mosquito-net 1 2 h. Black-and-white TV 1 2 i. Chair 1 2 j. Mobile Phone 1 2 k. Table 1 2 l. Electric Fan 1 2 m. Color TV 1 2 n. Toilet/Latrine 1 2 XXXXXXX o. Sewing Machine 1 2 p. Two-wheeler (Motorcycle/Scooter/Moped) 1 2 q. LPG Connection 1 2 r. Cooler 1 2 s. Landline Phone 1 2 t. Fridge 1 2 u. Mixer-grinder 1 2 Ask the following questions only if the household has at least one of cooler, landline phone, fridge or mixergrinder in the above list. Does the family have at least one of the above four items Yes....1 No v. Washing machine 1 2 w. Credit-card 1 2 x. Generator 1 2 y. Car/four-wheeler 1 2 z. Computer 1 2 aa. Laptop 1 2 bb. Air-Conditioner 1 2 cc. Microwave oven 1 2 The two questions below should only be asked if the family has less than five items in the above list. Does the family have at least five items in the list above? dd. Yes..1 No... 2 Does everyone in the house have at least two pairs of clothes? 1 2 E.11.v E11.2 E.11.3 E.11.dd ee. Does everyone in the house have at least one pair of shoes or slippers?

17 E.11.3 Interviewer observation: Is there a latrine in this house? Yes..1 No... 2 E.12 E.13 E.12 Interviewer: From the list above, find the first six items that the household does not have, and write them in the rows below, according to their serial number. Write their code letters as well. The first item that the household does not have, write it against the serial number 1, the second thing that the household doesn t have, write it against serial number 2, and so on. Ask them about their priorities, and circle the correct priorities. Whenever the respondent coveys a priority, read the remaining items in the list again. Now I will read out a list of items that you don t have. I want to ask you, which are the three things that you would want to have for your household first. Imagine that there is no lack of money to buy them. I wish to remind you that we are asking this question for our study, and do not have anything to give to you, and that we are not from the government. Now I will read the list for you, and you tell me what you want. First what, second what, and third what. I am reading the list now. Numbe E12.1 Letter Items not with the household E12.1Priority (Rank) r E.14 17

18 E.13 Interviewer: From the list above, find the first five items that the household does not have, and write them in the rows below, according to their serial number. Write their code letters as well. The first item that the household does not have, write it against the serial number 1, the second thing that the household doesn t have, write it against serial number 2, and so on. Ask them about their priorities, and circle the correct priorities. Whenever the respondent coveys a priority, read the remaining items in the list again. Now I will read out a list of items that you don t have. I want to ask you, which are the three things that you would want to have for your household first. Imagine that there is no lack of money to buy them. I wish to remind you that we are asking this question for our study, and do not have anything to give to you, and that we are not from the government. Now I will read the list for you, and you tell me what you want. First what, second what, and third what. I am reading the list now. E13.1 Number Letter Items not in the household E13.1 Priority (Rank) N. Latrine E.14 Interviewer observation: Does the household have a mobile phone? E.15 What was the amount of the last recharge that you got for your mobile phone? (If the respondent doesn t know, write 9999 ) Yes..1 No Rs. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] F 18

19 F Disgust and purity F.1 I will now tell you about two types of things. You have to tell me, what disgusts you more. (Interviewer: Ask the questions below according to the religion of the respondent) a. What disgusts you more: seeing a dirty man enter a temple or a mosque or seeing a dirty dog Dirty man Dirty dog enter your kitchen? b. What disgusts you more: seeing a dead rat on the road or seeing someone s vomit on the road? Rat Vomit... 2 c. What disgusts you more: seeing someone s poop in the field or seeing a dirty man enter a Poop Dirty man temple or a mosque? d. What disgusts you more: seeing a dead rat on the road or seeing someone s poop in the field? Rat Poop e. What disgusts you more: seeing a dirty dog enter your kitchen or seeing someone s vomit Dirty dog Vomit on the road? f. What disgusts you more: seeing someone s poop in the field or seeing a dirty dog enter your Poop...1 Dirty dog kitchen? g. What disgusts you more: seeing someone s vomit on the road or seeing someone s poop in the field? Vomit Poop...2 F.2 Now tell me one-by-one. Is pure, not pure or it does not matter to you? Please circle the correct answer below according to the respondent. If the respondent does not understand the word pure, then cross this question and move ahead. Pure Not pure Does not matter to you a. Latrine constructed far from the house b. Defecating in the open far from the house c. Latrine constructed near the house d. Defecating in the open near the house e. Latrine constructed inside the house f. Latrine constructed near a well g. Defecating in the open near a well h. Latrine constructed near a mosque/temple i. Defecating in the open near a mosque or a temple

20 G G.1.1 G.1.2 G.1.3 G.1.4 G.1.5 G.1.6 G.1.7 G.1.8 G.1.9 G.1.10 G.1.11 Latrine construction Interviewer observation: Is there a Yes..1 latrine in this house (whether it is No G.2 broken, incomplete, or not in use?) Interviewer read out: Now I want to ask a few questions about your latrine. But I want to see it first. This is very important for this study. Can you show it to me? (Interviewer go see the latrine. Write answers to the questions below outside the latrine.) Interviewer observation: Can you Yes see a water seal inside the latrine? No Could not see inside....3 Interviewer observation: Is the platform of the latrine wet? Interviewer observation: Can you see a water container inside the latrine? Interviewer observation: Is there an arrangement to store larger quantities of water in the latrine? Interviewer observation: Are any cleaning supplies (such as brush, harpic or acid) visible? Interviewer observation: Is the latrine being used as a place for storage? Interviewer observation: Can you see feces inside the latrine? Interviewer observation: Is any foul odor emanating from the latrine? Interviewer observation: are there flies inside the latrine? Interviewer observation: Is there a vent pipe from the latrine pit? Yes No Could not see inside....3 Yes No Could not see inside....3 Yes No Could not see inside....3 Yes No Could not see inside....3 Yes No Could not see inside....3 Yes No Could not see inside....3 Yes No Yes No Could not see inside....3 Yes No G.1.12 Interviewer observation: Is there any water source, such as hand pump or well within fifteen meters of the latrine? Hand pump Well Some other water source No water source

21 G.1.13 G.1.14 G.1.15 Interviewer observation: Where is the latrine? (If you have to go to the latrine from outside the house, then it won t be considered inside the house) Interviewer observation: From seeing the latrine, can you say that the latrine is being used? Interviewer read: Thank you for showing your latrine. So from seeing your latrine, it does not look that it is being used. Why is that? (Do not prompt. Accept more than one response.) Inside the house...1 Attached to the house...2 Near the house (less than ten meters)... 3 At some distance (more than ten meters)...4 Yes No Some parts are missing Some parts are broken...2 The pit is full Habit to go outside Very dirty/smelly No Privacy...6 Not safe 7 Not enough water Impure...9 Need space for storage Only for emergency...11 The pit is too small. 12 Not complete yet...13 Other (specify) G.2 21

22 G.2 Personal Habits Interviewer read: Now I want to ask you about some habits of members of your family. G.2.1 Now I want to ask you about the defecation practices of members of your household. G.2.2 Some people defecate in the open, and some people use a toilet. Does usually go in the open or in the toilet? (Interviewer: Ask only if the person defecates in the open and is between two and five years of age, or above 65 years of age.) Write the respondent s answer in the household roster. If there is a latrine in the house, then ask one by one. If there is no latrine, then you can ask about everyone together. Do not ask about children below two years. Fill in the household roster, for members aged between 2 and 5, and those older than 65 years. Househol d roster Househol d roster G.2.3 Does go far from the house or near? Interviewer observation: Is there a latrine in this house which is used? Yes..1 No.. 2 G.2.6 G.2.4 Does anyone else, apart from the members of your household, use your latrine? Yes..1 No.. 2 G.2.5 Who? ( Name, Sex Age and Only latrine use are to be filled in the household roster G.2.6 G.2.7 Interviewer observation:: Is there a mobile phone in the household? Now I want to ask about mobile phones in your family. Do you have a mobile phone? Does have their own mobile phone? Yes No..2 (Ask about all household members one by one. Write the respondent s answers in the household roster. Ask for only those who are ten years or above and are members of the household.) G.2.6 Househol d roster G.2.8 Househol d roster G.2.8 Interviewer observation: Does the respondent use a community latrine? Yes...1 No... 2 G.2.9 Interviewer observation: Is there a latrine in this house? Yes...1 No.. 2 H 22

23 G.2.10 Who usually cleans the latrine? (Accept more than one answer. If anyone in the family uses a latrine then write their codes from the household roster) Whosoever uses the latrine Give someone money to clean it Community latrine...3 Someone in the family G HH Roster S. No. : [ ] [ ] Name: G HH Roster S. No. : [ ] [ ] Name: G HH Roster S. No. : [ ] [ ] Name: Others (specify) Don t know G.2.11 Are you ever visited by guests? Yes...1 No.. 2 G.2.12 When guests come, do they use a toilet or do they defecate in the open? Yes...1 No.. 2 Some use, some don t G.3 G.3 Latrine expenditure G.3.1 How long ago was this latrine constructed? (If the latrine was constructed in the last year, fill in months box) G Years [ ] [ ] G Months [ ] [ ] Don t know

24 G.3.2 G.3.3 G.3.4 G.3.5 G.3.6 G.3.7 Who made the decision to construct the latrine? (See the code from the household roster and write it here. If more than three people were part of the decision, ask for the names of the people who were most involved in the decision. If the latrine was constructed by the Pradhan then ask for the name of the person from the household who gave permission for the construction of the latrine.) Did you receive any money from the government for the construction of this latrine? How much money did the government give for the construction of this latrine? Did you have to spend money on your own first and then get the money from the government? Did the government return money to you? After how much time did the government return the money to you? G First person: Household Roster number: [ ] [ ] Name: G Second Person: Household roster number: [ ] [ ] Name: G Third person: Household roster number: [ ] [ ] Name: other (स पष ट कर ) Don t know Yes No.. 2 Don t know Rs. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Don t know Yes No.. 2 Yes..1 No.. 2 G Years [ ] [ ] G Months [ ] [ ] G Days [ ] [ ] G.3.8 G.3.8 G.3.8 G.3.8 G.3.8 Did the government give you any money to construct your latrine? Don t know Yes. 1 No.. 2 G.3.10 G.3.9 Did the government give you materials or did the government construct the whole latrine on its own? Don t know Material...1 Constructed the whole latrine...2 Don t know

25 G.3.10 G.3.11 Interviewer observation: Did the household get any money or materials from the government for the construction of the latrine? (See G.3.3 andg.3.8) Did you have to pay any bribes to get government assistance for the construction of your latrine? Yes. 1 No.. 2 Yes. 1 No.. 2 Can t say G.3.13 G.3.13 G.3.13 G.3.12 G.3.13 G.3.14 How much money did you have to give? Did you receive any money from a non-governmental Organisation (NGO) for the construction of your latrine? What is the name of the nongovernmental Organisation? Rs. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Don t know Yes. 1 No.. 2 Don t know Name: G.3.19 G.3.19 Don t know G.3.15 G.3.16 G.3.17 G.3.18 G.3.19 How much money did the non-governmental Organisation (NGO) give you? Did you have to pay money on your own first, before receiving it from the nongovernmental Organisation (NGO)? Did the nongovernmental Organisation return the money to you? After how much time did the nongovernmental Organisation pay you back? Did the Non-governmental Organisation give you any materials? [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Don t know Yes. 1 No.. 2 Yes. 1 No.. 2 G Year [ ] [ ] G Month [ ] [ ] G Days [ ] [ ] Don t know Yes. 1 No.. 2 Don t know G.3.19 G.3.19 G.3.21 G

26 G.3.20 G.3.21 G.3.22 G.3.23 Did the non-governmental Organisation gave you materials or constructed the whole latrine on its own? Interviewer observation: Did the household receive any money or material from a non-governmental Organisation? (See G.3.13 and G.3.19) Did you have to pay any bribe to get help from the nongovernmental organisation? How much money did you have to give? Material....1 Constructed the whole latrine...2 Don t know Yes. 1 No.. 2 Yes. 1 No.. 2 Don t know [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Don t know H H H 26

27 H Social participation Interviewer read: Now I will like to ask you some questions about your society and village. I have never been to your village before. H.1 What religion do you follow? Hindu. 1 Muslim Christian Sikhism Buddhism Adivasi... 6 H.2 To which caste do you belong to? H.3 To which social does this caste belong to? (What does that come in?) H.4 Do you think this is a big village, a small village or a medium-sized village? Other (specify) Don t know Brahmin General/Other high caste....2 Other Backward Classes (OBC)...3 Scheduled Caste (SC/Dalit/Harijan)...4 Scheduled Tribe (ST/Adivasi) 5 Other (specify) Don t know Big village..1 Small village Medium-sized village...3 H.5 Are most of the people in your village <take name of their religion> or do they belong to some other religion or are there some people of different religions in your village? H.6 Are people in your village mostly of similar castes or different types of castes? H.7 Are there any Brahmin households in your village also? H.8 Are there any dalit/harijan households in your village too? Don t know Their religion Some other religion.. 2 Some people of different religions...3 Don t know Similar castes...1 Different type of castes.2 Don t know Yes... 1 No... 2 Don t know Yes... 1 No... 2 Don t know

28 H.9 In some villages, people of different castes live together peacefully, and in others, there is conflict between people of different castes. In your village, do people of different castes live together, or is there conflict? H.10 Are people in your village of similar economic status, or is there a lot of inequality in your village? H.11 Sometimes lots of people in a village have a problem because of something. In your village, do people solve that problem together, or do they solve their problems on their own? H.12 Do people in this village mostly use latrines or do they mostly defecate in the open? Conflict...1 Peacefully live..2 All people are of the same caste...3 Don t know.9999 Similar economic status....1 Inequality Don t know Solve problems together...1 Solve problems on their own...2 Don t know Mostly open... 1 Mostly latrine... 2 Half latrine, Half open Don t know, I Individual behavior I.1 Interviewer observation: Does the person usually use a latrine or does the person usually defecate in the open (search for the answer in G.2.1) In latrine In the open...2 J K 28

29 J Latrine Behavior J.1 Did you use a latrine the last time you went to poop? J.2 Why did you not use a latrine the last time you went to poop? (Do not prompt. Accept more than one answer.) J.3 Do you usually use the latrine in the summer? J.4 Why don t you use a latrine in the summer? (Do not prompt. Accept more than one answer.) J.5 Do you usually use the latrine in the rainy season? J.6 Why don t you usually use a latrine in the rainy season?? (Do not prompt. Accept more than one answer.) J.7 Do you usually use the latrine in the winter season? Yes No Some parts are missing Some parts are broken...2 The pit is full Very dirty/smelly No Privacy...5 Not safe..6 Not enough water Impure...8 Someone was inside Locked..10 Far from the house...11 To roam/get fresh air 12 The pit is too small...13 Only for emergency...14 Other (specify) Yes No Far from the house...1 Enough water isn t available It s too hot...3 To roam around/get fresh air....4 Other (specify) Yes No Far from the house...1 Enough water isn t available...2 It s too muddy....3 To roam around/get fresh air Other (specify) Yes No J.3 J.5 J.7 J.9 29

30 J.8 Why don t you usually use the latrine in the winter season/ (Do not prompt. Accept more than one answer.) Far from the house.1 Enough water isn t available..2 It s too cold....3 To roam around/get fresh air Other (specify) J.9 Do you put water in the toilet after you use it Yes No J.10 How much water do you put in the latrine? J.10.1 [ ] [ ] J.11 J.10.2 Measure Jug...1 Bucket..2 Liter Other (specify) J.11 How many times did you poop yesterday? J.12 When did you start using a latrine? How old were you? Since when are you using a latrine? [ ] [ ] Don t know Since I learnt to poop...1 [ ] [ ] Years ago...2 [ ] [ ] years old...3 (first circle the code and then write the number of years, if applicable, in the boxes) J.13 Interviewer observation: : Does the person use a community toile? (See G.2.8) Don t know Yes....1 No....2 J.14 How far is the community toilet? In the house Less than five minutes away....2 Five-ten minutes away. 3 More than ten minutes away...4 J.15 Do you have to pay to use a community toilet? Yes....1 No J.19 J.17 30

31 J.16 How much money do you have to give? (First encircle the code and then fill the boxes) J.16.1 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] J.16.2 For each use...1 Every week Every month Once a year.. 4 One-time payment Other (specify).888 J.17 Has it ever happened that you went to a community toilet and were unable to use it? J.18 Why were you not able to use it? (Do not prompt. Accept more than one answer.) Don t know 9999 Yes....1 No Some parts were missing/broken...1 Smelly/Dirty/Impure Not safe/no privacy Didn t have money...8 Other (specify). 888 J.19 31

32 J.19 Why did you and your family construct a latrine? Please tell me openly, I am trying to understand. How did you come to this decision? What did you think while making the latrine? (Interviewer: 1. The first time, let the respondent speak, do not prompt. 2. Tick boxes in the upper options every time the respondent mentions something about them. 3. Write the total number of ticks in the box against total. If there are no ticks, write zero. 4. When they stop talking, and if they say anything about the options below, then mark those options as well. 5. If they talk about a particular option but do not tell how that option is useful, then ask relevant questions from J19.1 to J.19.5) J.19.1 Comfort and convenience Total [ ] J.19.2 Latrine improves health Total [ ] J.19.3 Status and social relations Total [ ] J.19.4 Women Total [ ] J.19.5 Religion Total [ ] J.19.6 Old/disabled people Total [ ] J.19.7 Peace/privacy/being alone Total [ ] J.19.8 No place outside/city nearby Total [ ] J.19.9 Constructed during marriage Total [ ] J.19.1 You said that latrine is a convenient. Tell me more? a. Protection from weather b. Saves time c. Convenience during diarrhoea d. Manure J.19.2 You said that health improves if one has latrines. a. Children s health b. Family s health c. Everyone s health d. Protections from flies/bacteria Other (specify). 888 J.19.3 You said that latrine is an issue of social status. Tell me more? a. Everyone has them b. Rich people have them c. Urban people do that d. Saw them while working J.19.4 You said that latrine are for women. Tell me more? a. Safety b.shame for women c. Women should not go outside J.19.5 You said that making latrines is in religion. Tell me more? a. Books say so b. Religious leaders said so J I have always done this J I did not make the latrine 32

33 J.20 A lot of people poop in the open. What is the reason for this? Have you ever thought about why people go in the open? Does open defecation have any benefits? I am trying to learn. (Interviewer: 1. The first time, let the respondent speak, do not prompt. 2. Tick boxes in the upper options every time the respondent mentions something about them. 3. Write the total number of ticks in the box against total. If there are no ticks, write zero. 4. When they stop talking, and if they say anything about the options below, then mark those options as well. 5. If they talk about a particular option but do not tell how that option is useful, then ask relevant questions from J20.1 to J.20.5) J.20.1 Cost and poverty Total [ ] J.20.2 Pleasure, comfort and convenience Total [ ] J.20.3 Problem with latrine Total [ ] J.20.4 Habit/Tradition/Always done so Total [ ] J.20.5 Religion Total [ ] J.20.6 Water issues with latrine Total [ ] J.20.7 Latrine causes bad health Total [ ] J.20.1 You said that latrines have issues related to cost and poverty. Tell me more? a. People are poor b.there are other needs c.not enough space J.20.2 You said that going in the open is convenient. a. Can roam around b. Can meet/talk to people c. Can see fields d. Fresh air e. Manure from feces J.20.8 No benefits J.20.3 You said that you have a problem with latrine. Tell me more? a. Are afraid/can fall in b. Maintenance problems c. Have to clean the pit d. Latrines are dirty J.20.4 You said that going in the open is a tradition. Tell me more? a. Village life is like this b. Ancestors used to do this J.20.5 You said that religion is against construction of latrines. Tell me more? a. Religious books ban it b. Not pure Other (specify) L 33

34 K Open Defecation behavior K. 1 Where did you go poop yesterday? At own fields.. 1 Someone else s fields....2 Public open place Other (specify) K. 2 How much time does it take you to reach this place? [ ] [ ] Minutes K. 3 Do you usually go to one place, or do you go to different places? One place....1 Different places...2 K. 4 Are there separate places for men and women to go poop, or is there Separate places....1 No rule no rule and anyone can go anywhere? K. 5 How many times did you go poop yesterday? [ ] [ ] K. 6 At what times did you go poop yesterday? (Accept more than one answer) K. 7 Did anyone accompany you yesterday when you went to poop? K. 8 How many people went with you? [ ] [ ] K.9 With whom did you go to poop? For members of the household, use household roster codes. If the respondent didn t go with household members, then write 50 in the boxes. Morning before sunrise Morning after sunrise In the afternoon. 3 In the evening....4 In the night. 5 Yes No K.10.1 व यजक त 1: [ ] [ ] K.10.2 व यजक त 2: [ ] [ ] K.10.3 व यजक त 3: [ ] [ ] K.10.4 व यजक त 4: [ ] [ ] K.10.5 व यजक त 5: [ ] [ ] K.10.6 व यजक त 6: [ ] [ ] K.12 34

35 K.10 Interviewer observation: Did any members of the household go with the respondent to poop? (See previous question for answer) K.11 You said that you went with members of your family to poop. Are you with those family members when you are not pooping as well? Yes..1 No....2 Yes..1 No....2 K. 12 Have you used a latrine before? Yes..1 No....2 K. 13 How did you find using a latrine? Good/new/enjoyable experience 1 (Accept more than one answer. Do not Didn t know what to do prompt. You can ask the question Was scared again.) Too dirty/smelly... 4 Too little space... 5 Didn t like it At home... 7 K.12 K.15 Other (specify) 888 K. 14 Where did you use a latrine? At work-place At a government place....2 In-laws place...3 At a neighbor s house...4 In the city 5 A latrine in the family. 6 At own home.. 7 Other (specify)

36 K.15 Are there any benefits of defecating in the open? Why do you poop in the open? Tell me the whole story. I am trying to learn. (Interviewer: 1. The first time, let the respondent speak, do not prompt. 2. Tick boxes in the upper options every time the respondent mentions something about them. 3. Write the total number of ticks in the box against total. If there are no ticks, write zero. 4. When they stop talking, and if they say anything about the options below, then mark those options as well. 5. If they talk about a particular option but do not tell how that option is useful, then ask relevant questions from K15.1 to K.15.5) K.15.1 Cost and poverty Total [ ] K.15.2 Pleasure, comfort and convenience Total [ ] K.15.3 Problem with latrine Total [ ] K.15.4 Habit/Tradition/Always done so Total [ ] K.15.5 Religion Total [ ] K.15.6 Water issues with latrine Total [ ] K.15.7 Latrine causes bad health Total [ ] K.15.1 You said that latrines have issues related to cost and poverty. Tell me more? a. People are poor b.there are other needs c.not enough space K.15.2 You said that going in the open is convenient. a. Can roam around b. Can meet/talk to people c. Can see fields d. Fresh air e. Manure from feces Other (specify). 888 K.15.3 You said that you have a problem with latrine. Tell me more? a. Are afraid/can fall in b. Maintenance problems c. Have to clean the pit d. Latrines are dirty K.15.4 You said that going in the open is a tradition. Tell me more? a. Village life is like this b. Ancestors used to do this K.15.5 You said that religion is against construction of latrines. Tell me more? a. Religious books ban it b. Not pure K.15.8 I have alwasys done this 36

37 K.16 What do you think, are there any benefits of making a latrine? What do you think, are there any benefits of having a latrine? I am trying to learn, please tell me. What are the benefits that make people construct latrines? (Interviewer: 1. The first time, let the respondent speak, do not prompt. 2. Tick boxes in the upper options every time the respondent mentions something about them. 3. Write the total number of ticks in the box against total. If there are no ticks, write zero. 4. When they stop talking, and if they say anything about the options below, then mark those options as well. 5. If they talk about a particular option but do not tell how that option is useful, then ask relevant questions from K16.1 to K.16.5) K.16.1 Comfort and convenience Total [ ] K.16.2 Latrine improves health Total [ ] K.16.3 Status and social relations Total [ ] K.16.4 Women Total [ ] K.16.5 Religion Total [ ] K.16.6 Old/disabled people Total [ ] K.16.7 Peace/privacy/being alone Total [ ] K.16.8 No place outside/city nearby Total [ ] K.16.9 Constructed during marriage Total [ ] K.16.1 You said that latrine is a convenient. Tell me more? a. Protection from weather b. Saves time c. Convenience during diarrhoea d. Manure K.16.2 You said that health improves if one has latrines. a. Children s health b. Family s health c. Everyone s health d. Protections from flies/bacteria Other (specify). 888 K.16.3 You said that latrine is an issue of social status. Tell me more? a. Everyone has them b. Rich people have them c. Urban people do that d. Saw them while working K.16.4 You said that latrine are for women. Tell me more? a. Safety b.shame for women c. Women should not go outside K.16.5 You said that making latrines is in religion. Tell me more? a. Books say so b. Religious leaders said so K No benefits 37

38 K. 17 Did anyone see you while pooping yesterday? K. 18 What did you do when someone saw you pooping? K. 19 How do you feel when you realize that someone has seen you while pooping? Yes No Stood up.1 Stood up and went somewhere else... 2 Kept pooping/did nothing Asked onlookers to go somewhere else...4 Other (specify) Nothing..1 Scared... 2 Feel ashamed....3 Worried about your safety....4 Feel angry....5 L Other (specify).888 L Cleanliness behavior L.1 Have you ever seen someone pooping near your house? L. 2 When you saw someone pooping near your house, did you ask them not to do so or did you not say anything? L. 3 Did you want them to go somewhere else or it does not matter to you? Yes No Asked them to not do so....1 Didn t say anything... 2 Wanted them to go somewhere else...1 It does not matter O O 38

39 O Awareness about sanitation programmes O.1 Has anyone ever asked you to construct a latrine? Yes No O.2 Who asked? Women in the family...1 Men in the family...2 (Do not prompt. Accept Family members of wife/daughter-in-law...3 more than one answer.) Family members living away Panchayat head...5 Non-governmental organisation Neighbors...7 Anganwadi/Asha/ANM...8 Government servant O.3 O.3 According to you, people who have latrines, how did they get them? I mean, did they construct them on your own, did they get them from the government, did they get them constructed with the help of a nongovernmental organisation, or did they use some other way? O.4 Do you know of any governmental scheme which helps people construct toilets? O.5 Do you know anyone who has got assistance from the government for their latrine? O.6 Do you know of any nongovernmental organisation which helps people construct toilets? O.7 What is the name of the non-governmental organisation? O.8 Have you ever seen a poster/wallwriting/pamphlet about latrines? O.9 Have you ever seen a street play or a movie about the use of latrines? Other (specify) From Government Made it on their own Non-governmental organisation....3 Other (specify) Don t know Yes No Yes No Yes No Name: Don t know Yes No Yes No O.6 O.8 39

40 O.10 Interviewer observation: Of the above two questions, does any have a yes as an answer? O.11 As you said, you have seen a. What was conveyed in it? (Do not prompt. Accept more than one answer.) Yes No Health benefits Privacy Convenience/comfort Status...4 Purity...5 Dignity of women Benefits for women Ways to make a latrine Slogan or photo...9 Don t remember...10 Other (specify) O.12 O.12 Has anyone ever showed you different types of latrines? O.13 Have you ever heard of the nirmal bharat abhiyan? O.14 Interviewer observation: What is the sanitation program called in this state? O.15 Have you heard of (mention the state-specific sanitation program here) O.16 Have you heard about any committee or meeting on sanitation in your village? O.17 Who organizes the meeting or committee? Don t know Yes No Yes No Uttar Pradesh: Sampoorn Swachhta Abhiyan Haryana: Sampoorn Swachhta Abhiyan Bihar: Sampoorn Swachhta Abhiyan Madhya Pradesh: Samagra Swachhta Abhiyan Rajasthan: Sampoorn Swachhta Abhiyan Yes No Yes No O.16.1 Position or name 1: O.18 O.16.2 Position or name 2: O.16.3 Position or name 3: Don t know

41 O.18 Has any religious leader ever given you any information about keeping clean and sanitation? O.19 Has any religious leader given you any information about washing hands? O.20 Has any religious leader ever told you anything about the right place to poop? O.21 What did they say? (Do not prompt.) O.22 Are children in the anganwadi or the school taught where to poop? O.23 What are they taught? (Do not prompt.) O.24 Are children in the anganwadi or the school taught to wash hands? O.25 Interviewer observation: Is there a latrine in this house (whether it is broken, not in use, or incomplete)? Yes No Yes No Yes No Asked to go in a latrine... 1 Asked to go in the open..2 Asked to go far from house.3 Other (specify). 888 Yes No Don t know Asked to go in a latrine... 1 Asked to go in the open..2 Asked to go far from house.3 Other (specify). 888 Yes No Don t know Yes No O.22 O.24 O.24 P Q 41