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1 Enjoy making this lap folder by Na aseh VeNilmad! Do you have any comments? Recommendations? Questions? Compliments? You can contact me by Dr. Elana Ekstein Michelson: Materials needed to complete the lap folder. -Take 2-6 pages of heavy cardstock that can be any size you want but I used sizea4. Take the first two pages and place them next to each other. Tape them together with wide tape along the connecting seam on the front and on the back. 1 2 Page 1 Page 2 Page 1 Page 2 3 Back of Page 2 4 Tape Fold page 2 over page 1 at the tape line, (so it is now a closed book ). Now take a third piece of cardstock and repeat these steps attaching page 3 to page 2 at the connecting seam 5 with tape on both sides. Add as many pieces of cardstock as you need to complete your folder.

2 When you finish putting together your folder, don t forget to put another strip of tape connecting the outside of the first and last pages of your folder, to finish the binding of your folder. Using a loose-leaf with card stock pages can also work well, or use your imagination to come up with another type of folder. -Scissors, glue, markers, crayons, stickers, glitter and anything else you want to use to decorate and personalize your folder. -Lots of imagination At the end of the educator section there is a sample layout of the minute books in the lap folder. You can of course lay it out many other ways. Feel free to print the activities larger or smaller to accommodate the size of your children's hands. Many of the pictures in the activities were left uncolored so that they can be colored and decorated by the child. This lap folder is divided into three sections: 1. The study guide activities to create minute books - separate little booklets- for each topic studied. 3. A section meant for the educator, providing solutions/answers for the minute book activities to enable the educator to help guide the children. 6

3 Word to the Educator Where ever the name of G-d is supposed to appear I have modified the name in the acceptable fashion so that G- d s name will not be written and said in vain. This study guide is meant to give an overview of the Holiday s laws and customs for those who have not been exposed to in depth Jewish study and who are interested in learning more. It is not meant to be used as a rabbinical guide. If your customs are different, modify the study guide accordingly. The prewritten answers are based on the study guide that I provide. If you feel your child knows the information being taught or you prefer to teach the material with your own commentaries and customs have your child fill in the activities accordingly. 7

4 Study Guide 8

5 The 10 days of atonement Asseret Yemei Teshuvah- ע ש ר ת י מ י ת ש וב ה- The ten days from the beginning of Rosh Hashanah until the end of Yom Kippur are called Asseret Yemei Teshuvah- - ע ש ר ת י מ י ת ש וב ה. Rosh Hashanah is the beginning of the time of judgment. G-d gives us 10 days to do Teshuvah repentance- from all our sins before He makes his final decision about what will happen to us over the coming year. Most of the customs that we do during the month of Elul; repenting, giving charity, praying, asking forgiveness and preparing ourselves for being judged by G-d (see the Rosh Hashanah Lap folder for more details), are also done during the ten Days of Atonement. The fast of Gedalia The fast of Gedalia-Tzom Gedalia ג ד ל י ה- is -צ ום fasted on the third day of the month of Tishrei, the day after Rosh Hashanah and the third day of the 10 days of Atonement. It begins early in the morning and ends in the evening. It is a fast day that was made in memory of Gedaliahu Ben Ahikam, who was killed on this day in 582 BCE soon after the destruction of the first Beit Hamikdash (Holy Temple). The people of Israel had been exiled to Babylon by the evil king Nebuchadnezzar. Only a few Jews remained in Israel and Gedaliahu was appointed their leader. On Rosh Hashanah the king of Amon sent an evil Jew by the name of Yishmael Ben Netanya to kill Gedalia. Gedalia was warned but he did not want to believe something so bad. Yishmael came and killed Gedalia. When the Jews who remained in Israel saw what happened they became afraid, and ran away leaving Israel empty of Jews. To remember this sad event, a fast day was declared on the third day of the Month of Tishrei for all generations.

6 During the days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, We add into our daily prayers many of the same additions that we add during Rosh Hashanah (see the Rosh Hashanah Lap Folder. The table on the following page will clarify what special prayers we add or change and where. 10

7 Where you add it What you Add First blessing of Shmone Esrei Second blessing of Shmone Esrei Zachreinu Lechaim, Melech Chafetz Bechaim, Vekatveinu Besefer Hachayim Lemaancha Elohim Chaim, ז כ ר נ ו ל ח י ים, מ ל ך ח פ ץ ב ח י ים, ו כ ת ב נ ו ב ס פ ר ה ח י ים ל מ ע נ ך א לק ים ח י ים Remember us for life O king who desires life. and inscribes us in the book of life- for your sake O living G-d Mi Kamocha Av Harachamim Zocher Yetzurav Lechaim Berachamim מ י כ מו ך אב ה ר ח מ ים זו כ ר י צ ור יו ל ח י ים ב ר ח מ ים Who is like you O merciful father who recalls his creatures mercifully for life Third Blessing of Shmone Esrei Blessing of Melech Ohev Tzedakah Umishpat in Shmone Esrei Between the last 2 blessings of Shmone Esrei Hamelech Hakadosh instead of Hael Hakadosh ב מ ק וםה א-לה ק ד ו ש, ה מ ל ךה ק ד ו ש Instead of the Holy G-d, we say the Holy King Change from melech ohev tz daka umishpat to Hamelech Hamishpat ה מ ש פ ט ב מ ק ום מ ל ך א וה ב צ ד ק ה ומ ש פ ט ה מ ל ך Instead of the king who loves righteousness and judgment we say the king of judgment. Uketov Lechaim Tovim kol Bnei Britecha וכ תו ב ל ח י ים טו ב ים כ ל ב ני ב ר ית ך And inscribe all the children of your covenant for a good life Last Blessing of Shmone Esrei Besefer Chaim Beracha Veshalom, Uparnasah tova nizacher venikatev lefanecha anachnu vekol amcha Beit Yisrael lechaim tovim veshalom ב ס פ ר ח י ים ב ר כ ה ו ש לו ם ופ ר נ ס ה טו ב ה נ יז כ ר ו נ כת ב ל פ נ י ך א נ ח נ ו ו כ ל ע מ ך ב ית י ש ר א ל ל ח י ים טו ב ים ול ש לו ם In the book of life blessing and peace and good livelihood may we be remembered and inscribed before you we and your entire people the family of Israel After Shmone Esrei אב ינ ו מ ל כ נ ו Avinu Malkeinu Our father our king *Shmone Esrei also known as the Amida is the prayer consisting of an opening 3 blessings, and a closing 3 blessings and depending on the day different number and wording for the blessings in the middle.. The prayer is said standing while putting our feet together. Most of the prayers we add are added into the prayer of Shmone Esrei. 11

8 Repentance for Sins Committed Against Ones Friends. G-d s forgiveness is a gift that he bestows on us. There is one type of sin that G-d cannot forgive man. Those are sins which are between man and other men -Aveirot sheben adam ש ב ן אד ם ל ח ב ר ו- lechaveiro.ע ב ר ות If we hurt someone else in any way we need to ask forgiveness from that person before G-d will forgive us. Yom Kippur Yom Kippur is a Holiday which is celebrated on the tenth day of the month of Tishrei-the first month of the Jewish calendar. Unlike most Holidays, we fast on this holiday. It is one day long, because it would be too difficult and dangerous for people to fast for two days. The holiday and the fast begin at sundown and end the next day after the stars come out. There are few things that we do on the day before Yom Kippur in order to prepare for this special day. כ פ ר ות Kaparot- On the day before Yom Kippur the ninth day of Tishrei -there is a custom to bring Kaparot. The definition of Kaparot is atonements. Kaparot is a custom whereby we take money and swing it in a circle over our head three times, while reciting a special prayer called Kaparot. In the olden times and in some places today a chicken or a fish is used instead of money. The money is not the actual atonement rather it is a way of reminding us to repent. The money, chicken or fish are given to charity after 12 we finish the ceremony.

9 The Five Prohibitions of Yom Kippur: There are five prohibitions that we keep on Yom Kippur. These things are meant to raise us to the level of angels, since angels do not do these things. The 5 things are as follows: -no drinking -no eating Children who are under the age of Bar/Bat Mitzvah, and people who are so sick that if they fast it may endanger their life are not supposed to fast on Yom Kippur. Those people who do eat on Yom Kippur for any of the above reasons should add the prayer of Yaaleh Veyavoh* with a special insert for Yom Kippur, - into the Birkat Hamazon grace after meal-after they finish eating. -no washing -no wearing leather clothes -no marital relations There are a few other things we do to make ourselves more similar to angels: -we pray all day on Yom Kippur just like the angels do, -we don t do work on Yom Kippur just like angels don t do work. [Yom Kippur is considered to be like Shabbat* in terms of what work we are not allowed to do.] -We wear white clothes on Yom Kippur to make us more similar to the clean white angels. There is even a special white robe for men to wear that is called a Kittel. -In the prayer of Shema Yisrael, we usually say the second line Baruch Shem Kavod Malchuto Leolam Vaed -Blessed is ב ר ו ך שםכ ב ודמ ל כ ות ו ever- the honored name of his kingdom for quietly, but the angels say it out loud. On Yom Kippur ל ע ול םו ע ד we also say it aloud. *Shabbat is celebrated once a week on Friday night and Saturday. There is a list of 39 types of work which we are prohibited from doing on Shabbat. These works were jobs that were done to build the Tabernacle during the time that the Jews were in the desert for the forty years after leaving Egypt.. 13

10 The prayers of Yom Kippur -Kol this -כ לנ ד רי- Nidrei prayer is said right before Yom Kippur starts, (before the sun sets). It is said to release people from any promises and vows that they made during the year. If we do not say this we would be accountable for all the promises we made during the year and didn t keep. Since we are not allowed to release vows on Shabbat and Yom Tov [a holiday like day similar to Shabbat] we must say it before Yom Kippur begins. We say it three times just like the Judges (Beit Din) said three times you are released, you are released, you are released to a person asking to be released from a vow. -Maariv- יב The -מ ע ר evening prayer ש ח ר ית- Shacharit - The morning prayer מ וס ף- Mussaf - The prayer that is said to remember the special sacrifices that were brought in the times of the Holy Temple on that day. מ נ ח ה- Mincha - The afternoon prayer- נ ע יל ה- Ne-ilah - The closing prayer of Yom Kippur -Vidooy- ו יד וי -Through out each of the prayers of Yom Kippur and during the afternoon prayer of the day before Yom Kippur, we add a special prayer of vidooy where we admit to all the possible sins that we might have committed during the year and ask G-d s forgiveness for them. It is customary to hit our hearts gently while reciting the vidooy as if to say that in the past our hearts led us astray but we hope they won t in the future. On the day before Yom Kippur we make sure to say the afternoon prayer and the vidooy before we eat the final meal. 14

11 Candle lighting on Yom Kippur As we have already stated, Yom Kippur is a Sabbath like holiday. Just like we light the candles before bringing in the Sabbath, we also light the candles before bringing in Yom Kippur. The blessings that we say over lighting the candles are as follows: ר)ש לש ב תו ש ל( ל יקנ יוו צ ו נ ול ה ד נ וב מ צ ות ש ש רק ד לק ינ ומ ל ךה ע ול םא הד',א ב ר וך את ים י וםה כ פ ור Baruch atah Adoshem, Elokaynu, melekh ha-olam asher kid shanu b mitzvotav, v tzivanu l had lik neir shel [Shabbat v'shel] yom Ha-ki-purim Blessed are You, Lord, our G-d, King of the Universe, who sanctifies us with his commandments, and commands us to light the candles of [The Sabbath and of] Yom Kipur. *The part in parenthesis is only added when Yom Kippur coincides with the Sabbath We also recite the blessing over a new thing which is as follows:. א ל וקנ ומ ל ךה ע ול םש ה ח י נ וו ק י מ נ וו ה ג יע נ ול ז מ ןה ז ה ' הד ב ר וך את Baruch atah Adoshem, Elokaynu, melekh ha-olam shehecheeyanu v'keey'manu v'heegeeyanu la-z'man ha-zeh Blessed are You, Lord, our G-d, King of the Universe, who kept us alive, sustained us and brought us to this time. 15

12 Torah reading on Yom Kippur: On Yom Kippur, we take out two Torah scrolls and read the following: -From the Book of Vayikrah (Leviticus 16:1-34) in the portion of Acharei Mot, we read the section which describes the work of the Kohen Gadol- the high holy priest- in the Tabernacle and the Beit Hamikdash (holy temple) on Yom Kippur. In the second book we read from the book of Bamidbar (Numbers 29:7-11) about the Mussaf*sacrifice brought on Yom Kippur during the time of the Tabernacle and the Holy Temple. *Mussaf is also a special prayer made to commemorate the sacrifices given during the time of the Beit Hamikdash. There is a different Mussaf sacrifice for each of the different biblical holidays and therefore e there is a different Mussaf prayer for each holiday based on the sacrifices offered on that holiday during the time of the Tabernacle and the holy temple. In Mincha we first read the continuation of the morning reading, (Leviticus 18:1-30) and then we read the whole Book of Jonah, (which will soon be discussed). Yom Kippur during the time of the Beit Hamikdash: During the time of the Beit Hamikdash (holy temple), the priests Kohanim and Leviim- played an important role in the temple. They took care of bringing all the sacrifices that needed to be brought every day. But on Yom Kippur the holiest of the priests, the Kohen Gadol - כ ה ן ג ד ול -had an extra special job. There was one part of the temple which was the holiest part. This room, called the holiest of the holy ש ה ק ד ש ים- rooms,ק וד - - was off limits to everyone all year long. The only time that anyone was allowed in was on Yom Kippur, and the only person that was allowed to enter this room was the Kohen Gadol to do the work of Yom Kippur. If the Kohen Gadol came out of the Kodesh Hakodashim alive, then everyone rejoiced for it meant that their sins were forgiven. 16

13 The Two Goats. On Yom Kippur two goats were brought to the Holy Temple. One goat was to be sacrificed to G-d and one goat was to be thrown off the mountain of Azazel (a place in the dessert). Lots were drawn to decide which goat would go to Azazel and which would be brought as a sacrifice to G-d. The Kohen Gadol would say vidooy and pray to G-d to forgive the Jews before sending the goat with a messenger to be pushed off the mountain Azazel. The book of Jonah During the afternoon prayer of Yom Kippur we read the book of Jonah. The book of Jonah is about a great prophet. One night G-d called to Jonah and told him to go to the city of Nineveh to warn them to repent from all their sins. He was also supposed to warn them that if they did not repent within 40 days G-d would destroy their city. Jonah did not want to warn these wicked people. He thought they deserved to die. He tried to run away from G-d to a foreign land where he thought G-d would not come to speak to him. He went to the Port of Jaffa and got on a ship which was sailing to Tarshish. Once at sea a great storm began. The ship tossed and turned. All the people on the ship, besides Jonah, prayed to their G-d s to stop the storm. When they saw Jonah sleeping they came to tell him to pray to his G-d but Jonah refused. The sailors decided to draw lots to see whose fault it was. Each time they would draw the lots it would fall out on Jonah. They asked Jonah who he was and what terrible thing he did to make this storm come. Jonah answered that he was a Jew and he knew the storm was his fault because he was trying to run away from G-d. Jonah told them that to stop the storm they would have to throw him overboard. The sailors were good people and did 17

14 not want to kill Jonah but they saw that they had no other choice so they threw him in the water. The moment he hit the water, the storm stopped. They prayed to G-d not to punish them for doing this, because G-d gave them no other choice. When Jonah went into the sea, G-d sent a very large fish to save Jonah from drowning. The fish swallowed Jonah. After three days of being cramped inside the fish Jonah prayed to G-d to save him. G-d saw that Jonah repented and ordered the fish to spit him out. He then commanded Jonah once again to go warn the people of Nineveh to do Teshuvah. This time Jonah went. He warned the people of Nineveh.The King of Nineveh ordered all his people to repent, and they did. Jonah couldn t understand why G-d wanted to save them. Jonah went out to rest in the desert and G-d made a Castor Oil plant grow tall to give him shade. Jonah was so happy he went to sleep in the shade. The next morning G-d brought a worm to infect the plant and the plant wilted. Jonah was very sad. G-d said to him you are sad over a plant that grew overnight and died the next morning and I shouldn t be sad over a whole nation that lived many years. נ ע יל ה The prayer of Ne-ilah Ne-ilah is the Hebrew word for to lock. The prayer of Ne-ilah is said at the end of Yom Kippur right before the temple gates closed during the time of the holy temple, and at the time when G-d closes the gates of heaven which were open all of Yom Kippur to hear our prayers.. When we finish Ne-ilah, after sunset, we blow the shofar, and then everyone sings that next year we will all be in a rebuilt Jerusalem with the Beit Hamikdash. 18

15 Motzei Yom Kippur-the evening after the fast- The fast ends when the stars start coming out. There are three things that we do right after the fast to start the new year with Mitzvot- commandments. -we say a special blessing over the new moon -we eat a meal. It is a mitzvah to eat a meal after the fast. -We start building the Sukkah- the hut that we build to live in for 7 days during the holiday of Sukkot*. *Sukkot is a holiday which will be discussed in another lap folder The information for this lap folder was taken from -Sefer Hatodaa-ah by Rabbi Eliyahu Ki Tov, - Mishnah Berurah - Machzor Hashalem Hachadash Beit Tefilah for Yom Kippur The information in this lap folder is not meant to teach the exact laws of Yom Kippur and the Asseret Yemei Teshuvah, rather to give a general overview. There are many differing laws and customs depending on where you and your family come from. For exact laws ask your local rabbi. 19

16 Activities 20

17 The following is a list of the activities you will find in the following lap folder 1) Vocabulary 2) What is Tzom Gedalya and why do we fast on this day? 3) What are the 10 days of atonement 4) What special prayers do we add in our daily prayers, during the 10 days of atonement? 5) When do we celebrate Yom Kippur? How many days is it and why? 6) What Mitzvah do we have on Erev Yom Kippur- the day before Yom Kippur? 7) What is the custom of Kaparot? When and why do we do it? 8) What is Vidooy? When do we say Vidooy? When is the first time we say Vidooy? What do we do when we say vidooy? 9) What are the 5 prohibitions of Yom Kippur 10) Who is required to fast on Yom Kippur and who is not? 11) When does the fast of Yom Kippur begin and end? 12) What do we add into the Birkat Hamazon on Yom Kippur? 21

18 13. Why is it customary to wear white on Yom Kippur and what is a Kittel? 14. What things do we do on Yom Kippur to make us similar to angels? 15. What are the prayers of Yom Kippur? 16. What do we read from the bible on Yom Kippur? 17. What place in the Beit Hamikdash was closed off all year long besides Yom Kippur and who was allowed to enter it on Yom Kippur? 18. Why were two goats taken on Yom Kippur? How did they choose what to do with each goat and what was done with each goat? 19. Prepare an interactive storybook on the book of Jonah and tell the story of Jonah 20.What is the prayer of Ne-ilah? Why is this prayer called Ne-ilah? 21. What do we do right after we finish saying the prayer of Ne-ilah and Yom Kippur is over? 22.What three things are customary to do in the night after Yom Kippur and why? 22

19 1) Vocabulary Tishrei Tzom Gedalia Beit Hamikdash Asseret Yemei Teshuvah Teshuvah Shmone Esrei Kaparot Seudah Mafseket Mitzvah Yaaleh Veyavoh Kittel Vidooy Kohanim and Levites Kohen Gadol Mikveh Sukkah 23

20 Cut around the chart on the previous page and around the text box on this page. Fold the chart in half so that the writing faces the inside, and attach one side to folder. Attach the text box to the right,- to the other side to be the cover of the mini book. Fill in the definitions of the words in the spaces provided on the chart. V O C A B U L A R Y 24

21 2) What is Tzom Gedalya and why do we fast on this day? Cut around both figures (the sword and the sheath) on the solid dark lines. Fold the sword on the dotted line and write about the story of Tzom Gedalya inside the sword. Attach the sheath to the folder at the three sides where indicated by the arrows, leaving the middle and the last side open so that you can place the folded sword into the sheath What is Tzom Gedalya and why do we fast on this day? 25

22 3) What are the 10 days of atonement Cut around the figure on the solid dark line. Fold on the dotted line so that the picture is facing up. Write your answer inside the booklet and attach this side to the folder. 26

23 4) What special prayers do we add in our daily prayers, during the 10 days of atonement? What special prayers do we add in our daily prayers, during the 10 days of atonement? Cut around the large chart -on following page -on the dark solid lines. Fold on the dotted lines So that the text faces inside. Cut out the text box to the left and glue to the top of one of the folded sides. Fill in the missing blanks in the table. Attach the back side (blank slide) to the folder. 27

24 5 Where you add it What you Add Zachreinu Lechaim, Melech Chafetz Bechaim, Vekatveinu Besefer Hachayim Lemaancha Elohim Chaim, ז כ ר נ ו ל ח י ים, מ ל ך ח פ ץ ב ח י ים, ו כ ת ב נ ו ב ס פ ר ה ח י ים ל מ ע נ ך א לק ים ח י ים Remember us for life O king who desires life.and inscribes us in the book of life- for your sake O living G-d Mi Kamocha Av Harachamim Zocher Yetzurav Lechaim Berachamim מ י כ מו ך אב ה ר ח מ ים זו כ ר י צ ור יו ל ח י ים ב ר ח מ ים Who is like you O merciful father who recalls his creatures mercifully for life Hamelech Hakadosh instead of Hael Hakadosh ב מ ק וםה א-לה ק ד ו ש, ה מ ל ךה ק ד ו ש Instead of the Holy G-d, we say the Holy King Change from Melech Ohev tz daka umishpat to Hamelech Hamishpat ב מ ק ום מ ל ך א וה ב צ ד ק ה ומ ש פ ט ה מ ל ך ה מ ש פ ט Instead of the king who loves righteousness and judgment we say the king of judgment. Uketov Lechaim Tovim kol Bnei Britecha וכ תו ב ל ח י ים טו ב ים כ ל ב ני ב ר ית ך And inscribe all the children of your covenant for a good life Besefer Chaim Bracha Veshalom, Uparnasah tova nizacher venikatev lefanecha anachnu vekol amcha Beit Yisrael lechaim tovim veshalom ב ס פ ר ח י ים ב ר כ ה ו ש לו ם ופ ר נ ס ה טו ב ה נ יז כ ר ו נ כת ב ל פ נ י ך א נ ח נ ו ו כ ל ע מ ך ב ית י ש ר א ל ל ח י ים טו ב ים ול ש לו ם In the book of life blessing and peace and good livelihood may we be remembered and inscribed before you we and your entire people the family of Israel אב ינ ו מ ל כ נ ו Avinu Malkeinu Our father our king 28

25 5) When do we celebrate Yom Kippur? How many days is it and why? Cut around the figure on the solid dark line. Fold on the dotted line so that the picture is facing up. Write your answer inside the booklet and attach this side to the folder When do we celebrate Yom Kippur? How many days is it and why? 27 29

26 6) What Mitzvah do we have on Erev Yom Kippur- the day before Yom Kippur? Cut around the figure on the solid dark line. Fold on the dotted line so that the picture is facing up. Write your answer inside the booklet and attach this side to the folder. What Mitzvah do we do on Erev Yom Kippur? wine Wine 30