AUTHOR GUIDELINES FOR ISLAMIC AFRICA SUBMISSIONS

Transcription

1 1. General Guidelines 1. Electronicsubmissionsarestrongly encouraged,butnotrequired. Manuscriptsshouldbesubmitted electronically,by orondisk, preferablyinmicrosoftword.docformat, andshouldbeaccompaniedby affiliationandcontactinformation(if possible,includingan address) fortheauthor.ifabsolutelynecessary, wecanalsoacceptpapermanuscripts andconductreviewviapostalmail Thereshouldbeonlyasinglespace betweensentencesintext;andonlyone returnbetweenparagraphs.double spacesareautomaticallyremoved duringcopyediting,asarespaces beforeperiods,etc Authorsshouldnormallydivideuptheir textintosectionsandparagraphs.the sectionsshouldbeartitles(called headings,subheads,orsubtitles),andit ispreferabletohaveonesectionper aboutthreepages Tables, figures, illustrations, and photographs should be numbered consecutively, and you should provide these as well as accompanying captions in separate documents, with callouts in the text. 2. Basic Spelling, Punctuation, and Style 2.1. IslamicAfricausesAmerican(as opposedtobritish)rulesofspelling, style,andpunctuation.webster s CollegiateDictionaryappliesinmost spellingquestions.thechicagomanual ofstyleappliesinmoststyleand/or punctuationquestions IslamicAfricaappliesAmericanrulesof spelling.themostcommondifferences betweenamericanandbritishspelling areinendings:americanspellinguses se insteadof ce (e.g.,defense insteadofdefence), or insteadof our (favorinsteadoffavour), er insteadof re (centerinsteadofcentre), yze insteadof ise (analyzeinsteadof analyse),and ize insteadof ise (globalizeinsteadofglobalise). Webster scollegiatedictionaryapplies inmostspellingquestions IslamicAfricaappliesAmericanrules withregardtoquotemarksandother questionsofpunctuation.quotesinthe textaredenotedbydoublequotemarks. Quoteswithinquotesaredenotedby singlequotemarks,e.g.:hesaid, The article ManandNature isquiteuseful. (Notethatclosingperiodsandcommas goinsidethequotemarks,notoutside ofthem.)forfurtherlevelsofquotes withinquotes,doubleandsinglemarks areusedalternatively. Lengthyquotationsshouldbeputin separateparagraphs,andarethusnot surroundedbyquotemarks Anellipsis:...isusedtorepresent eithersomethingmissinginthems,i.e., notoftheeditor'swill,orsomethingthat hasbeenremovedwillfullybythe editor/translator.bracketsarenotused toencloseellipsesineithercase M-dashes: areusedforinsertions, withoutspacebeforeorafter( Theman ontheboat whowaselderly soonfell intothesea ) N-dashes: areusedtodenote inclusivedates,pagenumbers,andany otherinclusivenumbers;e.g., , ,or TheN-dash basicallymeans from[such-and-such] to[such-and-such] Bulletsornumbers(ratherthanhyphens orstars)maybeusedforlists,butitis betterifpossibletoavoidanysuchlists Theuseoftheabbreviations e.g., i.e., and etc. isacceptableintextand references. 3. Footnote and Bibliography Style 3.1. Citationsshouldbenumberedfootnotes inthetextpreparedaccordingto REVISED 12/17/10 1

2 thechicagomanualofstyle(15th edition)humanitiesstyle(seethequick citationguideat ls_citationguide.html).allcitedworks mustbeincludedinthebibliographyat theendofeacharticle Thefirstoccurrenceofeverycitedwork shouldcontainacompletereferencein theform:g.nachtigal,saharaand Sudan,trans.A.G.B.FisherandH.J. Fisher,4vols.(London:Christopher Hurst, ),3: Subsequent referencesshouldbeinashortenedor abbreviatedform,e.g.,nachtigal, SaharaandSudan,3: Thefollowingaretypicalformatsforfirst referencestovarioustypesofsources: Book: John Doe, Journey to Africa (New York: Random House, 1975), Editedbook:PeterPan,ed.,Travels inafrica(london:winterbotham,1978). Translatedbook:JohnDoe,Mon voyageàl Afrique,trans.François Boucher(Paris:Gallimard,1984). Article: John Doe, An Incident on My Journey to Africa, Journal of African Studies 16, no. 3 (1975): Chapter or essay in book: John Doe, Another Incident in My Journey to Africa, in Travels in Africa, ed. Peter Pan (London: Winterbotham, 1978), Dissertation or thesis: John Doe, My Journey to Africa, Ph.D. dissertation, Oxford University, Oxford, Thefollowingaretypicalformatsfor shortenedreferencestovarioustypesof sources: Book:Doe,JourneytoAfrica,114. Article: IncidentonMyJourneyto Africa, 190. Chapteroressayinbook:Doe, AnotherIncident, 49. Thesis:Doe, JourneytoAfrica, 26. Inshortenedreferences,onlythe author slastnameisgiven.onlyas muchofthetitleisgivenasisnecessary toidentifyit.qualificationssuchas ed. and trans. arenotgiveninshortened references.theuseof ibid. and op. cit. isdiscouraged Author sname:onemaywritethe author snameinfullorwithfirst(orfirst andmiddle)initialsonly.forjoint authorship,use JohnDoeandPeter Pan infootnotes,and Doe,John,and PeterPan inbibliographycitations.in secondaryreferences,use Doeand Pan Numbers:Arabic(ratherthanRoman) numeralsareusedforallnumbersin sourcecitations(e.g.,pagenumbers, volumeand/orissuenumbers).page numbersareinclusive;thus234 35,not or234 5.Sincethenumbers 11 19areconsideredindivisiblein English,theyaretypedinfull Abbreviations:Theabbreviations p. and pp. arenotused.the abbreviations ed., trans., vol., no., and ff. areused.theabbreviation f. (e.g.,56f.)isnotused;instead,the secondpagenumberisgiven(e.g.,56 57).Theabbreviation cf. isnotused; instead,weuseeither see, seealso, or compare. Whenreferringtothe lengthofmss, pp. isusedtosignifythe unitgiven,inexceptiontothe nopp. ruleabove Miscellaneousrules:Thefirsteditionof aworkisindicatedintheformat:new York:RandomHouse,1967(1949). EditionsarecitedasJourneytoAfrica, 2nded.Citationsoffootnotesarestyled thus:journeytoafrica,234n.2.crossreferencestonotes( seenote3above ) maybeallowed,butshouldbekeptata minimum Bibliographystyle:Thefollowingare typicalformatsforcitationsofvarious typesofworks: Book: Doe, John. Journey to Africa. New York: Random House, Editedbook:Pan,Peter,ed.Travels inafrica.london:winterbotham,1978. Translatedbook:Doe,John.Mon voyageàl Afrique.Translatedby REVISED 12/17/10 2

3 FrançoisBoucher.Paris:Gallimard, Article: Doe, John. An Incident on My Journey to Africa. Journal of African Studies 16, no. 3 (1975): Chapter or essay in book: Doe, John. Another Incident in My Journey to Africa. In Travels in Africa, ed. Peter Pan (London: Winterbotham, 1978), Dissertation or thesis: Doe, John. My Journey to Africa. Ph.D. dissertation, Oxford University, Oxford, Transliteration 4.1. It istheauthor sprerogativewhetherto usetransliterationornotinarticles.the journalprefersuseoftransliterationin articlesconcerningsourcesand documents,however.when transliterationisused,itshouldbe consistentlyusedinthearticle.the followingrulesapplywhentransliteration isused UseaUnicodefontfortransliteration; thisfontcontainstheletterswith diacritics(e.g.,themacronedlettersā andī,theaynandhamza,and subdottedletters)thatareessentialfor transliteratingarabicterms.ifyouare unsureorunabletousetheunicode font,indicateinanenclosing whichfontyouareusing.ifyour computersystemisnotcapableof transliteration,usenormallettersand indicatethediacriticsclearlyonthe enclosedprintout.inallsuchcases whereunicodeisnotused,youmust includeaprintoutonpaperofyour article TermsinArabic(orothernon-Latin scripts)thathavenotenteredintothe Englishlanguagearegiveninitalics lowercase;e.g.,ajami,qāḍī,wazīr, askiya.arabicorothertermsthathave enteredintotheenglishlanguageare giveninroman;e.g.,caliph,mufti,imam. TheauthorityforthisisWebster snew CollegiateDictionary;ifthetermisin thisdictionary,thenithasenteredinto Englishandshouldbegiveninroman. (SeethelistofArabictermsbelowin section5, ArabicTerms:Englishor Non-English. ) 4.4 IslamicAfricaappliestheamendedEI transcriptionformat;i.e.,()-b-t-th-j- ḥ-kh-d-dh-r-z-s-sh-ṣ-ḍ-ṭ-ẓ- ʿ-gh-f-q-k-l-m-n-h-w-y;aw, ay;nisbasuffixas-iyya,andfeminine endingas-ainpausalformand-atin iḍāfa(as:muqaddimatsharḥal-risāla al-qushayriyya).weuse real ʿaynand hamza(ʿandʾ),notsinglequotes( and ). Hamzatal-waṣlisrenderedbyan apostrophe,asinabū l-ʿabbās,ʿalā larḍ,wa l-kitāb.aspaceisaddedbefore thesecondwordifthereisonein Arabic:fī l-,butbiʿl-. Thereisnoelisionafterʾ:badāʿīʾalkidhā,not l-k.onlyofwaṣlainiḍāfa,but thenirrespectiveofword:wa ttiṣālas wellaswa l-ittiṣāl. Trytoavoid the-al collisionsby rewrites.ifunavoidable,preferal-in booktitles(hesaidinal-kitābalakhḍar);otherwise,prefer the anddrop al-: intheṣalātal-aʿẓam. Prepositionsasbayn,taḥt:baynalyadayn,notbayna l-yadayn. Whentwoparticles,neitherofwhichcan standalone,arejoinedintoaword,they arewrittenwithoutahyphen.whenthe secondparticlecanstandalone,they arejoinedwithahyphen:fīka,fa-man. Arabicwordsusedaswordsarein italics,withoutquotemarks: thewords minal-qurʾānwerenotfound. ThemonthsJumādāandRabīʿare renderedasjumādāi,rabīʿii(notalawwal,al-thānī).hijrī/cedatesare givenas:jumādāii14/april2, Arabic Terms: English and Non-English 5.1. ThelistbelowcontainscommonArabic termsthathaveenteredintoenglish: caliph emir(oramir) fatwa hadith hajj imam REVISED 12/17/10 3

4 jihad jinn Kaaba madrasa Mahdi marabout mufti sharif(orsherif) sheikh(orshaykh) ulama 5.2. ThelistbelowcontainscommonArabic termsthathavenotenteredintoenglish: ajami qāḍī ṣalāt sunna wazīr zakāt 6. Other Arabic-Related Rules 6.1. Arabicbooktitlesareasarulenever translatedintextorreferences Arabicpublisherandjournalnames: onlycapitalizethefirstwordandany namesinthem(dāral-miṣriyyali lnashr) Propernouns:thefollowingaresome frequentlyencounteredpropernouns (i.e.,names): Mahdist/mahdist:Usethecapitalized formwhenreferringtoasudaneseor otherspecificmahdi(e.g.,themahdi); uselowercasewhenreferringtomahdis ingeneral. MoghulorMughalarebothaccepted. ThespellingsQurʾān,Quran,orKoran aretheauthor schoice.verse referencesaccordingly:(q2:24)or(k 2:24). Sa dianorsa didarebothaccepted, asaremārinidormārinī(morocco). TheSharīʿa;theSunna;butsharʿī:this isasunnaoftheprophet. SunnīandShīʿīarenames,thus diacriticsbutroman. ʿUthmānb.Fodiyeishisname;this spellingisappliedinallarticles. 7. More on Arabic Text: Sources Articles Thenormalsequenceofa Sources articleisintroduction,arabicmaterial, translation,althoughtheauthorhas discretionhere. Thereisconsiderableleewayinthe formattingofnon-europeantext,dueto thevariationinthematerial.ifthe originaldocumentisavailableand legible,wemayusethisinplaceoforin additiontotyped-intext.thematerial shouldbemadeavailableelectronically, eitherintheappropriateplaceinthe Englishtextor,ifnecessary,asa separatefile.(ifthelatter,indicate clearlywhereeachsectionshouldbe inserted.) Arabicproseisnormallyrenderedas continuouslyrunningtext,notlineby line.ifdesired,linebreaksintheoriginal maybeindicatedbyslashes(/).the translationdoesnotneedtoreproduce theslashes.prosetextisnormally dividedintoparagraphsbythe author/editor,evenwhennotsointhe original,andparagraphdivisionshould matchinarabicandtranslation.pageor folionumbersintheoriginalcanbe indicatedbetweendoubleslashes[/32/ ]inarabicand(ifrequired)inthe translation Poetry,lists,orsimilarmaterialmay havelinenumbersaddedbytheauthor, butthisisnotrequired,andshouldin anycasebeindicatedtothereader. Sucheditor slinenumbers,insquare brackets,[12],maybewritteninlatin script. Curlybrackets{}areusedtomark notationsinthems,e.g.commentsin margin. Squarebrackets[]areusedtomark editor sreconstructionsandother editorialmaterial.editor sremarksare putinfootnotes(inarabicorenglishby choice). 8. Division Between Arabic and Ajami Terms and Names 8.1. SpecialrulesapplyforAfrican languagesthatweresometimeswritten REVISED 12/17/10 4

5 inarabic,andsometimesinlatinscript. Thefollowingareafewrulesfordealing withtheselanguages. TherearenodiacriticsinHausaname forms(shekuahmadu,notaḥmadu). Indcationsofsounds,etc.,areaccepted inyoruba(ọ). Groundrule:Ifanameformisfoundin ALA,weusethat,Arabicorlocal. ThewordajamicanbeaHausaterm aswellasanarabicone(ʿajamī). Thetermsaskiyaandmalamare italicized. Localtitles:Ifatitlereferstoone specificpostinoneparticularstate, consideritasaname;otherwiseasa term(sarkinbaleindawra;heroseto theofficeofsarki). Thespelling Borno isaccepted,but Bornu ispreferred.(ala:bornois usedforthemodernstateonly.) Groundrulefortransliterationof SudaneseArabiccolloquialnamesand words:consonantsareapproachedto thewrittenform,thusqandj,notg; whilevowelsareapproachedtothe pronunciation,thusō,notaworū.sīd al-qūmcanbeeithersayyidal-qawmor sīdal-qōm,whenadvisedsobythe Sudanists(ḤōshforḤawsh,Kōkōfor Kūkū,etc.). Somaliandothernon-Arabicnamesof Arabicorigin.Groundrule:Names referringtopeople/eventsdiscussedin Arabic-scripttextsshouldbewrittenin ArabictransliterationunlesstheArabic formwouldbeunrecognizablebyusers. ModernSomalinamesareotherwise writteninlatinizedsomalispelling. REVISED 12/17/10 5