Paradigm of Indian Philosophy

Transcription

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2 Paradigm of Indian Philosophy Jan 24, 2015 Dr. P. Subbanna Bhat 2

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4 Paradigm... o Paradigm : Derived from the Greek root "παράδειγμα" (paradeigma), meaning pattern, example, sample o Paradigm : A pattern or model, an exemplar [Oxford Dictionary] o Paradigm : A conceptual model (framework) of the world world view against which observations, results and experience are interpreted. 4

5 Three Paradigms Indian (spiritual) paradigm Indian philosophical schools (except Charvaka) Semitic paradigm Judaism, Christianity, Islam Mechanistic paradigm Classical Mechanics, Marxism, Capitalism, Consumerism etc. 5

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7 आत म = ब रह म Divine substratum of all Creation ल ल Divine play, The Cosmic game Lexicon...1 प र ष, ईश वर Un-manifest Brahman, The Lord of Creation प रक त [जड (अपर)+ज व (पर )] Manifest Brahman जड प रक त भ ममर प sनल व य ख मन ब द ध अह क र ज व Embodied Atman, shrouded by avidya, kama, karma जग, [स स र, क ष त र, इद ] Creation, Ever changing World म त य Eternally change म य [आवरण + द धवक ष प] Suppresio veri, suggestio falsi व सन Karmic residue (Imprint upon mind caused by Karma ) ग ण [सत व, रजस, मस ] define the psychological environment च त [मनस + ब द ध + अह क र] Inner equipment 7

8 Lexicon...2 स That which never changes (with time and space); Brahman च Consciousness, pure (and complete) knowledge THAT (Bhrahman) यज ञ worship ; any activity done with an attitude of worship of God प austerity performed by surrendering the Ego to the Divine त य ग Renouncing the fruits of action सन य स Renouncing action itself द धवद य Knowledge (of Brahman) य ग Union with the Divine, Path leading to the Union श र Trust in the existence and potential of the Divine (Self, Atman) धमम That which sustains the society, and welfare (growth) of Self कमम Action (thought, feelings), and residue of all actions upon jiva 8

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10 Brahman is...3 सच च दन द स वर प स That which never changes (with space and time ) च Pure Consciousness, (Absolute knowledge ) आनन द Bliss, Pure self existent joy 10

11 Spirit is the Base...4 ईश व स यममद सव यच त कञ जगत य जग I God pervades this entire Creation everything big and small is the manifestation of God. ---[Ishavaasya Upanishad,1 ] एक ब रह म द द धव य न च स न न न च स ककन न I There is only one Brahman (God), not the second, not at all, not at all, not the least bit. --- [Kathopanishad] 11

12 All Creation is Brahman...5 सव खच ववद ब रह म ज जल तनत श न उप स I Everything Brahman; It is Brahman from which the world emerges; it is Brahman, into which the world finally merges; and it is Brahman in which the world breathes. Therefore, meditate on Brahman with a calm mind [Chandogya Upanishad, ] ब रह म व द द धवश वममद वररष ठम I Know that the whole of Creation is the supreme Brahman --- [Mundaka Upanishad,2-2-12] 12

13 Brahman is Atman...6 ब रह म व दमम प रस द ब रह म पश द ब रह म दक षक षण श त र ण I अधश र धवम प रस ब रह म व द द धवश वममद वररष ठम II Know that what is in front of you, is the deathless Brahman; what is behind you also is Brahman; what is to your right and to your left, and above, and below is only the supreme Brahman. --- [Mundaka Upanishad, ] आत म व धस द त म पररष ट द त म पश द त म प रस द त म दक षक षण आत म त र आत म व द I What is below is Atman; what is above is Atman; what is behind is Atman; what is ahead is Atman; what is to the right and left know that that too is the same Atman. --- [Chhaandogya Upanishad,7-25-2] 13

14 At the Beginning of Time...7 आत म व इदम क एव ग र आस I न न यच त कन न ममष I स ईक ष ल क न न स ज इत I ---[Aitareya Upanishad ] In the beginning the Spirit (Atman) was One and all this (Universe) was the Spirit; There was naught else that saw. The Spirit thought, "Lo, I will make me worlds from out my being" [Sri Aurobindo s translation] 14

15 Prabhava pralaya stanam...8 In the Bhagavadgita, Sri Krishna declares : गत भम म प रभ स क ष तनव स शरण स ह I प रभव प रलय स थ न तनध न ब जमव ययम II९-१८ II --- [Bhgavadgita 9-18 ] I am the Goal, the Supporter, the Lord, the Witness, the Abode, the Shelter, the Friend, the Origin, the Dissolution, the imperishable Seed from which the Creation has sprouted. 15

16 The Cause... 9 Brahman is both the material cause and efficient cause of Creation: यथ णमन मभ स ज ग ह ण यथ प चथव य म षधय स भवच न I यथ स प र ष क शल म तन थ sक षर सम भव ह द धवश वम I ---[Mundaka Upanishad ] As the spider emits and withdraws the web, as herbs sprout on the Earth, as hair grows on the head and body of man without any effort so does the Universe emanates from the Imperishable Brahman. 16

17 Purusha and Prakriti...10 श र भगव न व : प रक त प र ष व द धवद र धयन द उभ वद धप I द धवक र श ग ण श व द धवद ध प रक त स भव न II १३-१९II The Lord said : Know that Prakriti (Matter) and Purusha (Spirit) are both beginning-less; and know also that forms and shapes and the gunas (satwa, rajas, and tamas) are born of Prakriti. ---[Bhagavadgita, XIII-19] 17

18 Purusha Prakruti Ishwara -Maya Shiva -Shakti प रक त प र ष व द धवद र धयन द उभ वद धप I द धवक र श ग ण श व द धवद ध प रक त स भव न II १३-१९II 18

19 Formidable Maya...12 श र भगव न व : द व ह य ष ग णमय मम म य द रत यय I म म व य प रपद यन म य म रच न II७-१४ II Indeed, my divine Maya, caused by gunas is indeed formidable; only those who take refuge in Me, cross over this delusion. ---[Bhagavadgita, VII-14] ईश वर सवमभ न ह द द श sज मन त ष ठत I भ र मयन सवमभ तन यन त र र ढ तन म यय II God resides in the heart of all beings. Mounted on the giant wheel of Maya, and gyrated the reality is obscured by delusion [Bhagavadgita, 18-61] 19

20 Prakriti Runs the show श र भगव न व : न म तन कम मणण तनबद नच न धन जय I उद स नवद स नमसक ष कममस II९-९II मय र धयक ष ण प रक त स य स र रम I ह न न न क न य जगद द धवपररव म II९-१०II The Lord said : These karma (of Prakruti ) do not bind me. I watch and enjoy the action of Prakriti, without attachment, and without binding. Under my tutelage, Prakrti creates both the moving and the unmoving components of Nature; because of this, O Kaunteya, the world revolves (operates). ---[Bhagavadgita, IX-9,10] 20

21 Lower and Higher Prakriti...14 Apara Prakriti: भ ममर प sनल व य ख मन ब द ध र व I अह क र इ य म मभन न प रक त रष टघ II७-४ II Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Space, Mind, Intellect, Ego these are My eight fold (lower) Prakrti Paraa Prakriti: अपर यमम स त वन य प रक त द धवद ध म पर म I ज वभ मह ब ह यय द ध यम जग II७-५ II This is the lower Prakrti; different from it, know thou, O Mahabaho, is My Higher Prakrti, the very life-element, by which this world is sustained [Bhagavadgita, VII-4,5]

22 Divinity everywhere...15 प णमद प णममद प ण म प णम दचय I From the Perfect (Absolute) emerges the Perfect (Creation) which is equipped for its tasks 22

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24 The Search for Ananda...16 द व स पण म सय ज सख य सम न व क ष पररषस वज I य रन य द धपप पल स व द द तत यनश नन नन य अमभ कश त II ३-१ -१ II सम न व क ष प र ष तनमग न s न शय श त म ह यम न I ज ष ट यद पश यत यन यम शमस य महहम नममत व श क II३-१-२ II -----[Mundaka Upanishad, III, 1-1,2 ] Two birds bound to each other in close friendship, perch on the selfsame tree. One of them eats the fruits of the tree with relish, while the other looks on (silently) without eating. Seated on the self-same tree, one of them the personal self, sunk in ignorance and deluded, grieves for his impotence (limited power). But when he sees the other the Lord, the worshipful as also His glory, he becomes free from dejection 24

25 Five koshas of Being The Self covered by five sheaths ( koshas ): आनन द ब रह म आनन दमय क श द धवज ञ नमय क श मन मय क श प र णमय क श अन नमय क श... अह क र the I sense may dynamically shift one sheath to another ब द ध मन प र ण शर र 25

26 Anubhuti Realization The purpose of all search, is to experience Ananda (supreme Bliss): य स क ष अपर क ष ब रह म य आत म सव मन र I -----[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, III, 4-1 ] The goal of life is realization immediate and direct perception of Brahman (Atman) who pervades the whole Creation (at the innermost sanctum sanctorum of one s own heart.) 26

27 Subtler than the Intellect...19 The Self is अच न त य यम अतनवम न य beyond the grasp of the intellect, words... प रज ञ न ब रह म सत य ज ञ न अनन ब रह म I Moksha I sense identifying with the Atman is the final liberation ब द ध मन प र ण शर र 27

28 Where the eyes do not reach...20 Brahman cannot be modeled, nor defined using words. It is beyond the grasp of intellect : न स य प रत म अच स यस य न म महद यश I There is none equal to Him ; His name is Great Glory -- [Shwetashwatara Upanishad, 4-19] न त र क श गमचछत न व ग गचछत न मन There the eyes can not reach, nor the speech, nor the mind --[ Kena Upanishad, 1-3 ] य व तनव मन अप र प य मनस सह From whence words, unable to grasp, return, along with the mind [Taittariya Upanishad, 2-9]

29 By Reigning the Senses, develop...21 स म त व इच न य ण य द तनयम य भर षमभ I Initially gain control over your senses [Bhagavad Gita, 3 41] प रज ञ न ब रह म एव ब परम ब र धव स स भ य त म नम त मन By restraining the self by the Self know him who is superior to the intellect [Bhagavad Gita, 3 43] Buddhi Manas Prana Sharira 29

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31 Religion is... Realization these few points are common among all the various religious sects in India,... Above all,... religion, in India, means realization and nothing short of that. "Believe in the doctrine, and you are safe", can never be taught to us,.... Mere believing in certain theories and doctrines will not help you much. The mighty word that came out from the sky of spirituality in India was Anubhuti, realization, and ours are the only books which declare again and again: "The Lord is to be seen". Bold, brave words indeed, but true to their very core; every sound, every vibration is true. Religion is to be realized, not only heard; it is not in learning some doctrine like a parrot. ---[Vivekananda,C.W.Vol.3, Common Bases of Hinduism", Lecture at Lahore ] ----[ 31

32 God is One Shwetashwatara Upanishad [6-11]: श र ण वन द धवश व अम स य प त र.... एक द व सवमभ ष ग ढ सवमव य प सवमभ न र त म I कम मर धयक ष सवमभ चधव स स क ष क वल तनग मणश II Listen, O children of immortal bliss,... God is One, hidden in all beings, all pervading, the inner self of all beings, He presides over all actions. All beings reside in Him, He is the Witness, pure Consciousness, Single, free from the three gunas ( Satva, Rajas and Tamas ) of Nature. 32

33 The final destination...24 अह हह सवमयज ञ न भ क प रभ र व I न म ममभज नच न त व न श चयवच न II९-२४II For, I am the lord and the enjoyer of all the Yajnas (worship). Those who do not know Me properly, stumble on this. 33

34 Freeways to Freedom...25 The numerous techniques of worship are broadly classified into four Yogic paths: ज ञ न य ग (Jnana Yoga) भच क य ग (Bhakti Yoga) र ज य ग (Raja Yoga) कमम य ग (Karma Yoga) 34

35 Anubhuti is personal Individuals at various stages of development, may choose their own paths, conceive their own personal Gods, to suit their swadharma (temperaments): य य य य न भक श र य मच म ममचछत I स य स य ल श र म व द धवदध म यह म II -----[Bhagavadgita, 7-21] In whatever form a devotee conceives, and worships the Godhead, I stabilize his faith in that very form. Personalized God is unique to oneself A single Godhead 33 crores gods 35

36 Crown jewel Freedom of thought and action is inherent to the Spiritual Paradigm. Sri Krishna offers this freedom to Arjuna: इत ज ञ नम ख य ग ह य द ग ह य र मय I द धवम श य दश ष ण यथ चछमस थ क र II -----[Bhagavadgita, 18-63] I have given you the knowledge of the most subtle and obscure Truth. Consider all that I have said holistically, and then do according to your own judgment. 36

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38 Indian Identity Sri Aurobindo : o Concept of Dharma o Concept of Avatar Descent of the Divine यद यद हह धममस य ग ल तनभमवत भ र I अभ य त थ नम धममस य द त म नम स र ज म यहम II ---[Bhagavad Gita,4-7] o Characterization of Deva and Asura अभय सत व स श द ध ज ञ न य ग व यवच स थत I धम भ दप अत म नस क र ध प र ष यम व I ---[Bhagavad Gita, 16-1, 16-4] 38

39 Dharma is that...29 Dharma is that which achieves : श र य र पम अत यस ज धम I Dharma was conceived by the Divine for achieving the highest good for all Creation ---[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, ] य भ य दय तनश र यस मसद ध स धमम I That which achieves Material prosperity ( Abhyudaya ) along with Spiritual growth ( Shreyas ) ध रण धमममत यह धम ध रयत प रज I ---[Vasheshika Sutra, I-1.2] Dharma is that principle which sustains (the society) [Mahabharata, Karnaparva, 69-58]

40 Distinct from Religion o Ethical value system for the Society o Temporal and Spiritual growth of people o Restraint of senses to evolve to higher level स म त व इच न य न य द तनयम य भर षमभ [Bhagavad Gita, 3-41] o Emphasis on shradda essential for any growth श र हह परम ग र Dharma is distinct from religion (Creedal faith systems) 40

41 One God The Indian outlook and attitude (towards other religions) has been formed based on the Vedic philosophy: एक स द धवप र बह ध वदच न I He who exists is One; sages call him by different names --- [ Rigveda, 1:164:46] एक द व सवमभ ष ग ढ सवमव य प सवमभ न र त म I God is One, hidden in all beings, all pervading, the inner self of all beings. ---[Shwetashwatara Upanishad, 6-11] 41

42 ...Multiple Manifestations अह हह सवमयज ञ न भ क प रभ र व I न म ममभज नच न त व न श चयवच न II९-२४II ----[Bhagavadgita, 9.24] For, I am the lord and the enjoyer of all the Yajnas. Those who do not know Me properly, stumble on this. य यथ म प रपद यन स थ व भज म यहम I ----[Bhagavadgita, 4.11] In whatever way men approach Me, even so do I reach out to them

43 Religious Tolerance Tolerance is fundamental to the Spiritual paradigm; it is inherent to its philosophy. As Dr. S. Radhakrishnan puts it: Toleration is the homage which the finite mind pays to the inexhaustibility of the infinite ---- [S. Radhakrishnan, Eastern religions and Western Thought, p. 317] 43

44 Jews found refuge in India.. 34 The oldest of the Indian Jewish communities.... (were) traders from Judea arrived in the city of Cochin, Kerala, in 562 BCE, and that more Jews came as exiles from Israel in the year 70 CE, after the destruction of the Second Temple. The distinct Jewish community was called Anjuvannam. The still-functioning synagogue in Mattancherry belongs to the Paradesi Jews, the descendants of Sephardim that were expelled from Spain in codified on a set of copper plates granting the community special privileges.... the Jews of Cochin,...in Anjuvannam,...rights to seventy-two "free houses". The Hindu king gave permission in perpetuity (or, in the more poetic expression of those days, "as long as the world and moon exist") for Jews to live freely, build synagogues, and own property "without conditions attached" [ Wikipedia, History of Jews in India ] 44

45 And the Christians Christian community in South India was founded by a merchant Thomas Cananeus in 345 AD (a name which readily explains the Thomas legend ). He led 400 refugees who fled persecution in Persia and were given asylum by the Hindu authorities.. Historian Vincent A. Smith wrote: It must be admitted that.... the Christian church of South India is extremely ancient [ Wikipedia, Christianity in India ] 45

46 And the persecuted Parsis found refuge in Gujrath under Jadhav Rana, the Hindu ruler.... Hindu India was kind to the refugees from Pars. They suffered no persecution, no fear. They were allowed to prosper and grow. They built the first fire temple in AD 721 (at Sanjan, Gujrath), installed with due ceremony the holy fire which they called the Iranshah, the King of Iran [Sooni Taraporevala, Parsis- the Zoroastrians of India ] 46

47 And the Muslims...37 Abdul Razak Berni, Persian ambassador at the court of Hindu ruler of Kozikode, Kerala, 15the century : The people (of Calicut) are infidels; consequently, I consider myself in an enemy s country, as the Mohammadans consider everyone who has not received the Koran. Yet I admit that I meet with perfect toleration, and even favour; we have two mosques and are allowed to pray in public [ Murray s discoveries and Travels in Asia, vol.- II, p.20] 47

48 Under the Hind Swaraj...38 Chhatrapati Shivaji ( ): In India religious intolerance has been very rare and Shivaji s conception of a Hindu empire was in no way identified with religious persecution. He enlisted in his army seven hundred (Muslim) Pathan deserters from Bijapur.; at least three of his naval commanders were Muslims by faith, and he venerated the Muhammadan saint Sheikh Muhammad as he venerated the Hindu saints Tukaram and Ramdas. He granted inam lands for the illumination of and food offerings to, the shrines of Muhammadan saints and Muslim mosques were maintained by state allowance [S.N. Sen, The Military system of the Marathas, p.18] 48

49 Under the Hind Swaraj...39 Chhatrapati Shivaji ( ):... Khafi Khan, who delights in showering the most opprobrious epithets... on him (Shivaji) is yet constrained to admit that he (Shivaji) made it a rule that whenever his followers went plundering, they should do no harm to the mosques, the book of God, or the women of anyone. Whenever a copy of the sacred Koran came to his hands, he treated it with respect, and gave it to some of his Mussalman followers. When the women of any Hindu or Muhammadan were taken prisoners by his men, and they had no friend to protect them, he watched over them until their relations came with a suitable ransom to buy their liberty --- [Elliot and Dawson, History of India, Vol-II, pp.254,256,262, 269] 49

50 At Chicago (Sept 11,1893)...40 In his response to Welcome at the World's Parliament of Religions, Chicago, on 11th September, 1893, Swami Vivekananda said: I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations of the earth. I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the Israelites, who came to Southern India and took refuge with us in the very year in which their holy temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny. I am proud to belong to the religion which has sheltered and is still fostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation. I will quote to you, brethren, a few lines from a hymn which I remember to have repeated from my earliest boyhood,... : As the different streams having their sources in different places all mingle their water in the sea, so, O Lord, the different paths which men take through different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee [Shiva Mahima Stotra??]

51 Goal of Vedanta Swami Vivekananda on the Goal of Vedanta, : Each soul is potentially divine Manifest the divine within and be FREE By controlling external and internal nature By work, or worship, or mental discipline or philosophy (paths of Karma/ Bhakti/ Raja/ Jnana yogas) Doctrines, dogmas, rituals, books, temples, forms are but secondary details 51

52 The Spiritual Paradigm...42 o The Creation is the manifestation of the Divine. एक ब रह म द द धव य न च स न न न च स ककन न I o All life is a search for Ananda direct perception of Brahman य स क ष अपर क ष ब रह म य आत म सव मन र I o Freedom (to choose the Path, Form, and Action ) is inherent to the Spiritual paradigm द धवम श य दश ष ण यथ चछमस थ क र I o Evolution is governed by the Cosmic Law of karma उ र द त मन त म न आत म नमवस धय I 52

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55 References 1. Swami Ranganathananda, The Message of the Upanishads, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, D.V. Gundappa, Jeevana Dharma Yoga (Kannada), Kavyalaya Prakashana, Mysore, 2007 (7 th Edition) 3. Swami Somanathananda, Geeta Bhava Dhare (Kannada), Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama, Mysore, Swami Somanathananda, Upanishad Bhava Dhare (Kannada), Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama, Mysore, Swami Vivekananda, India and her Problems, Advaita Ashrama, Swami Vivekananda, Complete Works, < > 1. S. Radhakrishnan, Eastern Religions and Western Thought 2. Swami Tyagishananda, Shwetashwataropanishad, R.K Math, Madras,

56 Aitareya Upanishad...1 यच स थ वर सव त प रज ञ न त रम I प रज ञ न प रत च ष ठ प रज ञ न त र ल क प रज ञ प रत ष ठ प रज ञ न ब रह म I --- [Aitareya Upanishad,3-1-3] The universe has Consciousness as its guide (eye). Consciousness is the basis of all; verily, Consciousness (Prajnanam) is Brahman 56

57 The Mahavakyas...2 The Mahavaakya (vision statements) of the four Guru Peethas established by Shankara Acharya are from the Upanishads: अह ब रह म च स म (I am Brahman) --- [Brihadaranyaka Upanishad,1-4-10] प रज ञ न ब रह म (Consciousness is Brahman) --- [Aitareya Upanishad ] अय आत म ब रह म (Atman is Brahman) --- [Mandukya, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4-4-5] त व अमस (Thou are That) --- [Chandogya Upanishad, ]

58 Characteristics of Brahman...3 सत य ज ञ न अनन ब रह म I Brahma is... Truth, Knowledge and Infinitude [Taittiriya Upanishad, 2.1.1] आनन द ब रह मण द धवद व न न बबभ त कद न त I One who knows Brahman as Bliss, is free from fear forever ----[Taittiriya Upanishad 2.4.1] 58

59 Divine Yoga...4 The Spirit pervades the entire creation: मय ममद सव जगदव यक म त मन I मस थ तन सवमभ तन न ह ष ववच स थ II न मत स थ तन भ तन पश यम य गम श वरम I I ----[Bhagavad Gita, IX- 4, 5] This whole world is pervaded by Me in My un-manifest form ; all beings exist in Me, but I am not in them. (The essence of Brahman sat- chit - ananda is obscured) मत स थ तन सवमभ तन All beings exist in me न अह ष I am not in them स च आनन द Essence of Brahman 59

60 The Final goal... 5 Shwetashwatara Upanishad [2-5, 3-8]: Listen, O children of immortality,...even ye those who reside in higher speres,... श र ण वन द धवश व अम स य प त र आय ध म तन हदव य तन स I... व द न म प र ष मह न म आहदत यवण मस परस I म व द धवहदत व अत म त य म त न न य पन थ द धवद य अयन य II 60

61 Immortal Bliss.. 6 Shwetashwatara Upanishad [2-5, 3-8]: Hear, ye children of immortal bliss! Even ye that reside in higher spheres! I have found the Great Being who shines like the effulgent Sun beyond all darkness, all delusion: knowing Him alone one passes beyond death, escaping the cycle of birth and death." 61

62 Body is its Chariot...7 आत म न रचथन द धवद ध श र र रथम व I ब द ध स रचथ द धवद ध मन प रग रहम व II इच न य णण हय न ह द धवमषय न ष ग र न I आत म च न यमन य क भ क त य ह ममन द धषण II ----[Katha Upanishad, I-3-3,4] Know that the Self to be the master and body is the chariot; the intellect is the charioteer; the senses are the horses; and the mind is the reins with which the horses are controlled. The sense objects are the road upon which the chariot is driven. The Self, associated with the body, senses and the mind the wise say is the enjoyer. 62

63 Body as Chariot...8 द धवज ञ न स रचथयस मन प रग रहव न नर I स sर धवन प र रम प न त द द धवष ण पर पदम II ----[Katha Upanishad, I-3-9] He who has wisdom as the charioteer, and the mind is used as reigns, to control the horses, reaches the final destination, which is the supreme, all pervading Spirit. 63

64 Srimadbhagavatam...8 अह एव स एव ग र न न यद वत सद अस परम I पश दह वद ए च य sवमश स sच स म अहम II ----[Srimadbhagavatam, II-9.33 ] It is I, the supreme Spirit, who was existing before the Creation, when there was nothing but Myself, am the cause of Creation. That which exists now (Creation), is also I; and what remains after the annihilation, is only the Spirit that is I. 64

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66 The Semitic group...1 Christianity Adam,,.,. Moses,..Jesus Holy Bible Islam Adam,...Jesus, Mohammad Holy Quran Judaism Adam, Abraham,,..Moses Holy Torah Jehovah, Heavenly Father, Allah Adam + Eve Humans Creation World, Animals, Flora, Fauna... 66

67 The Semitic Paradigm o Semitic religions are Credal religions faith systems centered around one True God, the Chosen Prophet, and a Holy Book. o All three Semitic religions share the same world view: One God a Jealous God who brooks no partners. Neither Man nor Creation is Divine. Man has dominion over all Creation. God communicates only through an intermediary (Prophet) 67

68 The Semitic Paradigm o Each is an Exclusive and Self righteous Creed based on teachings of its own Prophet (Moses, Jesus, Mohammad) o Proselytism conversion to the Creed is a holy act, in all Semitic religions. Aggressive Proselytism conversion by any means is a basic credo with both Christianity and Islam. o One has only one life. (Karma and Rebirth do not exist). At the end of this life, one remains buried until the Judgment day. After Judgment, goes to either Heaven or Hell. 68

69 Mechanistic Paradigm o The Creation including man and society emerges from Matter. Soul, God, Karma & Rebirth do not exist. Religion and Mysticism are hoax (opiate) invented by the Ruling Class as a tool of oppression. o Thought is a reflection of matter; human intellect is the ultimate tool for knowledge. o The laws of Psychology and History are as precise and inexorable as those of Physics. The world is knowable through systematic study, using the faculty of reason (Psychoanalysis, Political Science, Social Science etc. are deterministic Sciences ) o History is a track record of eternally (monotonically) evolving Matter 69

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