Grade 10 Religion Review UNIT 3

Transcription

1 Grade 10 Religion Review UNIT 3 1. a) Which person of the Holy trinity is responsible for the continuation of the church after Jesus resurrection? The Holy Spirit b) Who is this person and what is it responsible for? This person of the Holy Trinity is the creative force behind God. Spirit means wind or breath of God. In Genesis God "breathed" life into humans through the power of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary conceived Jesus in her womb through the power of the Holy Spirit. 2. What happened on the day of Pentecost, when did it happen and why is this event so important to the church? Birthday of the church The Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles and it gave them the courage to spread the message of salvation to all people of the world. Not only were the apostles endowed with spiritual gifts but the they were also given the ability to speak all different kinds of languages. 3. a) What Jewish customs did the followers of the way maintain? (List 5) Faithfully read the Torah Practiced circumcision Ate Kosher foods (food which were ritualistically prepared) Engage in several Jewish practices Prayed in the Temples/Synagogues b) Which added tradition, started by Jesus, was not originally Jewish? Celebration of the Eucharist c) Which book in the bible do we read in order to discover how the early Christians lived? Acts of the Apostles. This book immediately follows the gospels. 4. a) Early Christians were reluctant to accept what group of people into their faith? Gentiles (people who were not originally Jewish) b) What was Peter s attitude towards these people before he met Cornelius? He believed that Jesus only came to teach and save the Jewish people. c) What experience helped Peter change his mind about these people? When God told him in a dream to accept Gentiles into the faith. In a dream Peter heard the words "what I have made clean you shall not cal unclean." God was specifically talking about the gentiles who desired to follow Jesus and become Christians but were rejected by Peter. d) What other character helped Peter to overcome this prejudice and how did he do it? Cornelius who was a Roman Soldier asked peter if he could join the faith. Only after Peter s dream was he able to join the early Christian church. 5. a) Do you think Jesus decision to make Peter the first Pope was a good one? b) Support your answer with actual biblical events that we studied in class. c) What do these events say about Peter? d) How does Peter s relationship with Jesus compare to our own relationship with Jesus? USE THE FOLLOWING BIBLICAL PASSAGES TO FORM YOUR OWN OPINION. SCRIPTURE PASSAGE Matthew 14: SUMMARY Jesus walks on water and Peter asks if he can too, but he didn t have enough faith so he drowned. Adjectives you would use to describe Peter. Faithful Skeptical 1

2 Matthew 16: John 18: 1-10 John 18: John 21: 1-14 John 21: Peter tried to stop Jesus from going to Jerusalem to be crucified but Jesus told him off for tempting him. Soldiers came to crucify Jesus but Peter tried to protect him by cutting the soldier s ear off. Peter denies that he knows Jesus to save his own life. Jesus encounters Peter and the disciples fishing after he rises from the dead and Peter is excited to see him. Jesus asks Peter 3x if he loves him and each time Peter says yes and Peter agrees to lead the People. Helpful yet ignorant Irrational Impulsive Selfish, fearful, coward, unworthy corrupt Hopeful Overjoyed Loving Loyal 6. As an early Christian follower would you have trusted the converted Paul? Why or why not? (PERSONAL OPINION) Remember that it was Paul's mission in life to seek out and terminate the lives of as many Christians as he could find. Only after his experience with the risen Jesus where he heard teh words "Saul, why do you persecute me" did he convert. 7. a) According to the letters of Paul, what were the 4 core patterns of the early church? (We actually listed 5 list the 5 th as well). Give both the English and the Greek names and give a concrete example of how we in today s world can live out each of these 5 core patterns. Kerygma message; Koinonia building a community where all are equal; Diakonia service; Leitourgia worship; 5 th is witness to act as appropriate model of your faith. 8. You received a chart on 6 images of the church. List and explain each. The last four images are included from your notes. Image Community Herald Institution Pilgrim Sacrament Servant Significance The members of the church not only seek union with God but with others A herald has a responsibility to pass a message onto others. The church is responsible for proclaiming the good news of salvation to all. The Church is responsible for its members because it must teach, rule and sanctify them A pilgrim is an individual who is on a journey and his/her goal is to reach a destination. The church is also on a journey whose destination is only reached when the Kingdom of God is fulfilled here on Earth. Like a sacrament, the Church offers many opportunities to receive the grace of God. The Church s main responsibility is to the most poor and vulnerable of the world. If the Church does not speak for them or serve them, then who will? 2

3 Vine with many branches Body with parts Shepherd & sheep Building with many stones The branches being strengthened by the vine to the point at which the vine produces fruit (this represents good works in real life). Jesus is represented by the main vine who nourishes the branches. All the body parts carry out their specific function so that the overall body can accomplish a task. All the body parts work together without complaint or jealousy. Jesus is represented by the head who guides all. If the sheep remain together and listen to the Shepherd they will remain safe. Jesus is represented by the sheppherd. All the stones remain strong and united with the support of the cornerstone which represents Jesus. 9. When was the Jewish temple destroyed and why was it destroyed? In 70 A.D., there was a revolution lead by the Zealots against the oppressive Roman Government. The Romans decided to teach the Zealots a lesson by destroying their place of worship. 10. Who were the apologists? Writers who defended Christianity during times of persecution. 11. a) The first major persecution of the Christians came at the hands of which Roman Emperor in 64A.D. What did he accuse the Christians of? What else were the Christians accused of falsely? Emperor Nero accused the Christians of starting the fire which destroyed the city of Rome. They were also accused of Natural Disasters, famines and being cannibals (Romans misunderstood the celebration of the Eucharist in which eat Jesus' body and drink his blood). 12. What is a martyr and what does the word mean? Christians who refuse to deny their faith and were put to death if you translate the word martyr it means witness. 13. When & how did Christianity become accepted as the state religion? Constantine the Great officially made Christianity the state religion in 313 A.D. by issuing the Edict of Milan. 14. a) In 313 A.D., which Roman Emperor issued the Edict of Milan? Constantine the Great b) What is the Edict of Milan? The decree that Christianity was to be tolerated throughout the Empire and that Christianity was to become the official religion of the Roman Empire. 15. a) What is heresy? A lie or false statement against the official teachings of an organization. b) List and describe 6 heresies and the church s viewpoint on each of them. Make sure you also state the person or group of people who helped develop the church s viewpoint. Heresy Gnosticism Select few were given secret teachings of Christ, therefore salvation is only for some not all. Arianism Jesus, the first creature created by Official Catholic Teaching which opposes heresy All Christians have been given the same 4 gospels so anyone can be saved through Jesus Christ Jesus is the same substance as God and therefore divine Person or group responsible for the heresy N/A Arius, a priest in Alexandria 3

4 God in order to serve God s plan was not divine. Nestorianism There are 2 persons in Christ one divine, the other human, like split personalities. Mary was only the mother of the human Jesus. Pelagianism People can save themselves without the help of God Novatianism The church cannot forgive those who are guilty of great sins. Some sins are unforgiveable Donatism The sacraments are not valid when administered by an unworthy priest and equal to God. Jesus undertook humanity without loss of divine identity. Mary is the mother of God. You cannot separate the God from the man. Jesus is 100% both. People have fallen natures and are subject to the effects of original sin so God and His grace is absolutely necessary for personal salvation Repentance allows for the forgiveness of sins Christ is the true minister of the sacraments. The unworthiness of the minister does not affect the sacrament s validity Nestorius, a 5th century Bishop from Constantinople. British Monk named Pelagius Novantian, a priest in Rome Donato 16. a) What are the three (3) main Creedal forms of the church? Apostles, Nicene & Baptismal b) Why were they developed? Formed by the leaders of the church in 400 C.E. at Nicene to standardize all the different and individual beliefs. 17. What does the word ABBA mean? It is translated into Daddy Jesus taught us to pray to God as ABBA. 18. What do the following words mean and who do they refer to: a. Incarnation To be made flesh - Refers to Jesus and how he took on human form. b. Blasphemy To claim yourself as God. Jesus was condemned to death for it. 19. What is the meaning of the name Jesus? God saves 20. a) Who was Charlemagne and what was his goal? He was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor in 800 A.D. (He was both the religious and governmental leader) His goal was to Christianize all of Europe. b) As a result of the political and economic instability during his reign what practice developed amongst the church leaders? Nepotism 21. What was the main reason for the first major schism between the eastern and western churches? In 1054, the wording in the Nicene Creed caused the division between the church The phrase "The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father" was changed to the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. The latter statement is known as the Filioque. 4

5 22. Why did Pope Urban II call on all Christians to take up arms and go on a crusade? To reclaim the Holy City of Jerusalem from the Muslims. 23. In order to counteract the fact that the church was becoming too rich, too hierarchical and too connected with the secular governments what did St. Francis of Assisi attempt to do? He set up his own Order within the Catholic Church that encouraged all who joined to give up the materialistic life and live in humble service to God. 24. Who wrote the book Summa Theologica? Thomas Aquinas a. What is the church and how is it organized? The Church is defined as a group of people who all believe in the same thing. It is not a place of worship. Hierarchical or hierarchy refers to how the Church is organized into distinct levels of authority Christ at top, followed by all baptised Christians in the following order Pope, Bishops, Priests, Laity. Those at the top of the hierarchy have a great responsibility to serve those under them by teaching, sanctifying (to make holy) and governing. 25. Who is the head of the church and who is Peter s successor? Jesus is considered the head of the church, while the Pope is considered the successor to Peter. 26. Which group of people is responsible for electing the next Pope? The Cardinals 27. What members of the church are otherwise known as ministers of grace? The priests & deacons are also known as the ministers of grace. 28. What part of the church hierarchy do you belong to? Laity 29. How are deacons different from priests? Deacons can marry and can only do certain sacraments (ie baptism & marriage) 30. How are diocesan priests different from religious ones? Diocesan priests do not take a vow of poverty. They only take the vows of chastity and obedience. 31. a) On the Day of Pardon, what four sins committed by the church did Pope John Paul ask forgiveness for? Division of Christians (due to the different beliefs amongst their members); Use of Force & Intolerance to spread the word of God (ie. the crusades); Sins against the Jewish people (not publically denouncing the atrocities committed against the Jewish people during WWII); Responsibility of Catholics for evils of today (Self proclaimed Catholics as CEO's of companies that use sweat shops to make a profit). b) Do you think that this was a good move by the Pope? (PERSONAL OPINION) 32. Read the following moral dilemma and elaborate on what the father (you) would do using each of Kohlberg s six (6) stages of moral development. For each of the six (6) courses of action explain the reason for choosing this action using Kohlberg s description of that stage. You are on holiday in Bali with your wife and 18 years old son. You have been there for a week and are ready to head home. All three (3) of you are at the airport getting ready to board your plane when an armed officer comes around with a sniffer dog. You have all your bags on a trolley, and the dog sniffs at both your wife s and your bag, and passes over it. However when he 5

6 gets to your son s bag, he begins to get a bit more active. You look over at your son and he s looking a little nervous. You know he s smoke a little marijuana in his time, but generally he s a good kid, and you certainly didn t think he d actually bring it back on the plane with him. At first, you feel angry that he would do such a thing and start planning your responsibility lecture. Then you realize that you are in Bali and they have a zero tolerance policy on drugs, meaning your son could be jailed for life or worse, executed if he does have some illicit materials in his bag. You look at your wife and realize that she has come to the same conclusion and has gone pale with fear. The armed officer accompanying the dog is beginning to look sterner with every sniff the dog takes. He looks directly at you and asks you to open the bag. You do, and as the officer begins to take things out of the bag, you see to your horror that there is a small quantity of marijuana stashed in with your son s belongings. The officer looks at you and asks, Who s bag is this? You realize you have to answer but the answer won t be easy. You see your wife in the corner of your eye and she is about to step forward and claim it as her own; what do you say? Stage Fear of Punishment Personal Usefulness Conforming to the will of the group Law and Order Social Contract and Human Rights Universal Ethical Principles Reason for decision You allow your wife to take the blame or force your son to claim responsibility so that you don't have to end up in jail. You take out some cash and try to bribe the armed officer, promising him that you'll give him the money if he turns a blind eye to the marijuana. To gain the favor of your wife and son and to conform to the expectations of others/society you take the blame. You allow your son to claim responsibility for the drugs and allow him to undergo the court proceedings and to accept the consequences of the proceedings as required by Balinese law. You allow your son to claim responsibility for the drugs and allow him to undergo the court proceedings and to accept the consequences of the proceedings as required by Balinese law. However you do seek the help of the Canadian consulate and you try to work with the Balinese government to reduce the charges or free him altogether. You know that it is more important to preserve social order and to work with the establishment to resolve the issue in the most peaceful way possible. You confront the establishment of such consequences (life imprisonment/death sentence) for the trafficking of drugs since it violates an individual's right to life. You also confront and tackle the problem of drugs as they do not promote the quality of life but undermine it. By allowing everyone to see the true problem you hope to resolve the issue at its core and not at some superficial level where only harsh consequences are administered in order to regulate human moral behaviour. 33. What does it mean to be created in the image of God? To be created with the gift of freedom free will and the ability to experience emotions and to use reason when making decisions. 34. What is the Kingdom of God? It is the realization of Heaven on Earth, once everyone begins to follow the message and teaching of Jesus. 35. a) What is original sin and explain what effect the sacrament of baptism has on original sin. b) In order to properly do this, first explain the traditional understanding of original sin and 6

7 baptism. c) Explain how Catholics have updated the understanding of this teaching. Original sin is the sin of pride and disobedience which was first committed by Adam and Eve when they ate from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. Metaphorically speaking, original sin has traditionally been defined as a Black stain on somebody s soul which cannot be erased unless someone is baptized. This metaphor can lead people to misunderstand several things. Catholic teaching realizes that we are born into a world marked by sin. By the very nature of being born into this world, we are vulnerable to them. Baptism allows us to enter a community which counteracts the sin in this world with the help of God and others. 36. What is the difference between a relativist and an objectivist? 37. What is utilitarian and list at least one (1) problem with trying to reason out a situation using utilitarian thinking. 38. In the following biblical quotes, Jesus makes striking contrasts between his understanding of morality and that of his ancestral tradition. Read each statement very carefully and: a. Explain the ancestral teaching that Jesus is referring to. In other words, why did Jesus Jewish ancestors have such a law? b. Explain how Jesus revises or updates the understanding of this ancestral law. c. Assess each message by elaborating on how Christians of today are called to think, speak and act. STATEMENT A B C You have heard how it was said, Eye for eye and tooth for tooth. But I say this to you: offer the wicked man no resistance if anyone hits you on the right cheek; offer him the other as well. It promotes revenge but at least it limited the amount of revenge one could take on another. Jesus forbade revenge entirely. He said, One should react to injury by being generous to the offender and forgiving them time after time, while maintaining your dignity. We must accept challenge to make forgiveness the foundation of your relationships, so you will not be a slave to your negative emotions and eventually be consumed by them. You have learnt how it was said, You must not commit adultery. But I say to you: if a man looks at a woman lustfully, he has already committed adultery with her in his heart. You have learnt how it was said to our ancestors; You must not kill but I say this to you: Anyone who is angry with another will answer for it before the court. Focuses on how to regulate what people do. It doesn t care what you think or how you feel. Focuses on the consequences or end result of a particular immoral action. It is not concerned with the reasons for it. Jesus teaches us that morality is first and foremost an interior thing. Jesus makes integrity the standard of Christian behaviour. Jesus focused on the source of immoral behaviour. He goes to the root of the murderous behaviour. If we focus on the reasons for immoral behaviour, we can prevent it from happening. (ie. Control our anger.) The challenge is to bring our thoughts, feelings, actions and words in tune with the truth. It is to never stop growing towards wholeness (integrity) and inner peace even though we may be torn between them. Jesus teaching presents the highest standards of human moral excellence and to reflect on who we are at the depths of our being. Furthermore, we must build all of our interactions with others on mutual respect. 7

8 39. Read the following article from a Seattle newspaper and determine which of the seven (7) principles of Social Justice are being ignored. Life and Dignity of the Human Person Last week, police arrested Jay Stewart, 17; Shelton Musgrave, 18; and Michael Vito Caffee, 18; after finding a homeless man s body with eighteen (18) stab wounds, five (5) broken ribs and many cuts and bruises. Ballenger, the homeless man, had been killed where he slept under the Interstate 5 overpass at Northeast Ravenna Blvd. From my understanding, I don t think there was a motivation other than a rage thing. It almost sounds like a thrill kill, said Seattle Police Homicide Sergeant Cynthia Tallman. It seems like they were doing it for fun, Mike Lang, a King County Senior Deputy Prosecuting Attorney in the juvenile unit. About once a month, Mr. Lang sees a case involving people severely attacking a lone victim for no apparent reason. 40. Read the following article from a Seattle newspaper and determine which of the seven (7) principles of Social Justice are being reinforced. Rights and Responsibilities John LeSieur is in the software business, so he took particular interest when computers seemed mostly useless to his 6 years old grandson, Zackary. The boy diagnosed with Autism and the whirlwind of options presented by computers so confounded him that he threw the mouse away in frustration. LeSieur tried to find online tools that could guide autistic children around the Web, but couldn t find anything satisfactory. So he had one (1) built, named it the Zac Browser for Autistic Children in honor of his grandson, and is making it available to anyone for free. LeSieur s quest is a reminder that while the Web has created important communication and educational opportunities for some people with cognitive impairments, computers can also introduce new headaches for families trying to teach their disabled children how to use them properly. 41. Read the following poem and determine which of the seven (7) principles of Social Justice is being described as lacking or missing. Solidarity First they came for the Jews and I did not speak out because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the Communists and I did speak out because I was not a Communist. Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak out for me. 42. Read the following article and determine which of the seven (7) principals of Social Justice is being ignored. Care for God's Creation After a five (5) year review, Federal Government scientists have determined that the Caribbean monk seal has gone extinct. No Caribbean monk seals have been seen for more then 50 years. Also known as the West Indian Monk seal, this was the only sub-topical seal native to the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico and is the first type of seal to go extinct from human causes. Once widespread throughout the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and west Atlantic Ocean, these seals were found in the united States from the Florida Keys and along the coast north to the states of Georgia and South Carolina. Monk seals became easy targets for hunters while resting, birthing, or nursing their pups on the beach. Overhunting by human s led to these seals demise, according to biologists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA. The last confirmed sighting of the seal was in 1952 in the Caribbean Sea at Seranilla Bank, between Jamaica and the Yucatan Peninsula. 43. Read the following article and determine which of the seven (7) principles of Social Justice is being reinforced by the TVPA. Preferential Option for the Poor Human trafficking is a form of modern day slavery. Victims of human trafficking are young children, teenagers, men & women. Approximately 600,000 to 800,000 victims annually are trafficked across international borders world wide. After drug dealing, trafficking of humans is tied with arms dealing as the 8

9 second largest criminal industry in the world, and is the fastest growing. Many victims of human trafficking are forced to work in prostitution or the sex entertainment industry. But Trafficking also occurs in forms of labor exploitation such as domestic servitude, restaurant work, janitorial work, sweatshop factory work and migrant agricultural work. Traffickers use various techniques to instill fear in victims and to keep them enslaved. In October 2000, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) made human trafficking a Federal crime. It was enacted to prevent human trafficking overseas, to protect victims and help them rebuild their lives in the U.S. and to prosecute traffickers of humans under Federal penalties. Prior to 2000, no comprehensive Federal law existed to protect victims of trafficking or to prosecute their traffickers. 9

10 44. Give a detailed description of one (1) of the many times in the New Testament that Jesus called all Christians to live a life of social justice. When Jesus cured a man on the Sabbath. He believed that people are more important than rules and that rules should never undermine the dignity of the human person. 45. Give an example from the Old Testament in which God s chosen people were required to practice social justice. When Moses approached the Pharaoh and continually implored him to let his people go free. 46. Identify each of the following as either an act of charity or an act of social justice. a. Serving dinner every Tuesday night at a Soup Kitchen. Charity b. Encouraging adults to research candidate s positions on social justice issues before they vote Social Justice c. Private, individual acts Charity d. Required repeated acts Charity e. Bringing canned goods to a dance as part of the admission. Charity f. Signing a petition to change manufacturers of your school s athletic uniforms when it is discovered they are made using Social Justice child labor g. Staying informed and spreading the word about an issue. Social Justice h. Public collective acts Social Justice i. Babysitting a neighbor's child for no charge when he or she has lost their job Charity 47. List two (2) ways in which acts of charity and acts of social justice differ from each other. (Look above) 10