HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

Transcription

1 HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Text 1

2 MATTHEW 16: WHEN JESUS WENT INTO THE REGION OF CAESAREA PHILIPPI HE ASKED HIS DISCIPLES. WHO DO PEOPLE SAY THAT THE SON OF MAN IS? THEY REPLIED, SOME SAY JOHN THE BAPTIST, OTHERS ELIJAH, STILL OTHERS JEREMIAH OR ONE OF THE PROPHETS. HE SAID TO THEM, BUT WHO DO YOU SAY THAT I AM? SIMON PETER SAID IN REPLY, YOU ARE THE MESSIAH, THE SON OF THE LIVING GOD. JESUS SAID TO HIM IN REPLY, BLESSED ARE YOU, SIMON SON OF JONAH. FOR FLESH AND BLOOD HAS NOT REVEALED THIS TO YOU, BUT MY HEAVENLY FATHER. AND SO I SAY TO YOU, YOU ARE PETER, AND UPON THIS ROCK I WILL BUILD MY CHURCH, AND THE GATES OF THE NETHERWORLD SHALL NOT PREVAIL AGAINST IT. I WILL GIVE YOU THE KEYS TO THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN. WHATEVER YOU BIND ON EARTH SHALL BE BOUND IN HEAVEN; AND WHATEVER YOU LOOSE ON EARTH SHALL BE LOOSED IN HEAVEN. THEN HE STRICTLY ORDERED HIS DISCIPLES TO TELL NO ONE THAT HE WAS THE MESSIAH. 2

3 HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH 3

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6 EPHPHATHA 5

7 IS THIS THE BEGINNING OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH? 6

8 THE SEEDS OF FOUNDATION Endow the Church with an Eternal Structure Choose the Apostles Choose Peter as the Head of the Church A New Commandment - Love One Another The Power to Forgive Sins Baptize all Nations The Power to Make Laws 7

9 THE INSTITUTION OF THE EUCHARIST THE CHURCH MUST BE A LIGHT TO THE WORLD 8

10 EVEN THOUGH THEY HAD SEEN HIM, TALKED WITH HIM, LIVED WITH HIM, THE APOSTLES STILL HAD DOUBTS INSTRUCTIONS TO WAIT FOR THE COMING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT (I AM SENDING THE PROMISE OF THE FATHER UPON YOU, STAY IN THE CITY UNTIL YOU ARE CLOTHED WITH THE POWER FROM ON HIGH) 9

11 PENTECOST GIFTS OF THE SPIRIT WISDOM, KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING PIETY, COUNSEL, FORTITUDE, FEAR THE LORD 10

12 FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT LOVE, JOY, PEACE PATIENCE, KINDNESS, GENEROSITY FAITHFULNESS, GENTLENESS, SELF- CONTROL 11

13 THE CHURCH AFTER THE SPIRIT APOSTLES NOT EDUCATED OR BRAVE THEY CAME OUT OF ROOM FULLY CHARGED AND FEARLESSLY THEY TOLD THE STORY OF THE LIFE, DEATH, RESURRECTION OF THE LORD JESUS THEY SPOKE IN TONGUES AND EVERYONE UNDERSTOOD IN THEIR OWN LANGUAGE 12

14 THEY SPOKE WITH CONVICTION, AUTHORITY, AND BRAVERY THE PEOPLE WERE ASTONISHED 3000 PEOPLE WERE CONVERTED AND BAPTIZED NOW THE CHURCH WAS UP AND RUNNING, BUT MAYBE NOT SO FAST 13

15 TONIGHT, WE WILL DISCUSS THAT CHURCH PERSECUTION FROM WITHOUT, AND THERE WERE MANY (CHRIST PREDICTED THIS) DESPITE THE HERESIES FROM WITHOUT AND FROM WITHIN, THE CHURCH CONTINUES TO GROW BECAUSE CHRIST PROMISED THAT THE GATES OF HELL WOULD NOT PREVAIL AGAINST IT, BECAUSE THE SPIRIT WHICH HE SENT TO PROTECT IT IS STILL WITH US TO GIVE US THE FULLNESS OF TRUTH 14

16 THE EARLY CHURCH ACTS OF THE APOSTLES THEY ELECTED A NEW TWELFTH APOSTLE TO TAKE JUDAS PLACE AND HIS NAME WAS MATTHIAS (ACTS 2-15) HOW DID THE APOSTLES LIVE? (ACTS 3-42) THEY LIVED TOGETHER CARING FOR ONE ANOTHER, SHARING THE WEALTH EVERYDAY WAS DEVOTED TO THE TEACHING OF THE APOSTLES 15

17 PRAYER BREAKING OF THE BREAD. THE APOSTLES WERE ABLE TO WORK MANY MIRACLES BECAUSE OF THE TYPE OF LIFE THEY LIVED, THEY BECAME A LIGHT TO THE WORLD. EVERYDAY THE LORD ADDED MORE NUMBERS TO THEIR GROUP 16

18 THE CHURCH TODAY ESTIMATED 38,000 DIFFERENT CHRISTIAN CHURCHES TODAY SO, THIS MEANS THERE ARE 38,000 DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF THE WORDS OF CHRIST BUT CHRIST ONLY FOUNDED ONE CHURCH AND HIS WORDS HAVE ONLY ONE MEANING THE MEANINGS OF HIS WORDS ARE GIVEN TO US THROUGH HIS APOSTLES AND THEIR SUCCESSORS THROUGH THE POPE 17

19 THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IS THE ONLY CHURCH THAT CAN TRACE ITS ORIGINS BACK TO THE APOSTLES (SEE HANDOUT) 18

20 NEW TESTAMENT (A GIFT FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH) ST. MARK S GOSPEL - FIRST NEW TESTAMENT WRITTEN AROUND 70 AD LAST GOSPEL WRITTEN 100 AD THESE BOOKS WERE WRITTEN BY HAND ON ANIMAL SKIN S MANUSCRIPT 19

21 THE TYPICAL SERVICE (236 AD) MET IN THE HOMES OF BELIEVERS USUALLY ON SATURDAY THE ORDER OF THE SERVICE READING FROM THE MEMOIRS OF THE APOSTLES - (NT) OR A READING OF THE PROPHETS - (OT) THE PRESENTER URGED EVERYONE TO PRACTICE WHAT THEY HAVE HEARD ALL STOOD AND RECITED PRAYERS 20

22 THE PRIESTS MIXED WATER AND WINE, BROKE THE BREAD AND GAVE TO EVERYONE, AND ALL SAID, AMEN THE BODY AND BLOOD WAS THEN DISTRIBUTED TO EVERYONE PRESENT, THEN A DEACON WOULD BRING A PORTION OF WHAT WAS LEFT TO THOSE ABSENT THOSE WITH WEALTH WOULD GIVE WHAT THEY WILLED - GIVEN TO THE PRIEST TO BE GIVEN TO THE WIDOWS AND ORPHANS PRAYERS WERE FREE STYLE NOW - LATER PROMINENT LEADERS WROTE PATENTED FORM PRAYERS. THESE WERE USED AS A MODEL FOR CHURCH WORSHIP 21

23 (THE OLDEST LITURGICAL FORM OF PRAYER) 22

24 CHURCH ORDER OF HIPPOLYTUS (d.236) (THE OLDEST LITURGICAL FORM OF PRAYER) 22

25 CHURCH ORDER OF HIPPOLYTUS (d. 236) THE OLDEST LITURGICAL FORM OF THE MASS IS FOUND IN THE CHURCH ORDER OF HIPPOLYTUS (d. 236). IT IS EVIDENTLY THE BASIS OF ALL EUCHARISTIC PRAYERS THAT HAVE SINCE BEEN COMPOSED. THE BISHOP LAYS HIS HANDS UPON THE BREAD AND WINE AND WATER OFFERED UPON THE ALTAR TABLE AND BEGINS THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE: 23

26 Bishop: The Lord be with you. Congregation: And with thy spirit. Bishop: Hearts up. Congregation: We have them to the Lord. Bishop: Let us give thanks to the Lord. Congregation: It is meet and right. Bishop: We thank thee, God, through Thy beloved Servant Jesus Christ, whom in the last times Thou hast sent us as Savior and Redeemer and Messenger of Thy counsel, the Logos who comes from Thee, through whom Thou hast made all things, whom Thou wast pleased to send from heaven into the womb of the virgin, and in her body he became flesh and was shown forth as Thy Son, born of the Holy Spirit and the virgin. To fulfill Thy will and to prepare Thee a holy people, he stretched out his hands, when he suffered, that he might release from suffering those who have believed on Thee. 24

27 And when he delivered himself to a voluntary passion, to loose death and to break asunder the bands of the devil, and to trample hell and to enlighten the righteous and to set up the boundary stone and to manifest the resurrection, he took a loaf, gave thanks, and spake, Take, eat, this is my body which is given for you. Likewise also the cup and said, This is my blood which is poured out for you. As often as you do this, you make my commemoration. Remembering therefore his death and resurrection, we offer to Thee the loaf and the cup and give thanks to Thee that Thou hast counted us worthy to stand before Thee and to do Thee priestly service. 25

28 And we beseech Thee, that Thou send down Thy holy Spirit upon this offering of the church. Unite it and grant to all the saints who partake of it to their fulfilling with holy Spirit, to their strengthening of faith in truth, that we may praise and glorify Thee through Thy Servant Jesus Christ, through whom to Thee be glory and honour in Thy holy Church now and ever. Amen. 26

29 CHURCH HIERARCHY DEACONS PRESBYTER - PRIEST EPISCOPI - BISHOPS EACH TOWN HAD A BISHOP - MANY SMALL TOWNS HAD AN ARCHBISHOP - CHIEF BISHOP 27

30 PRIESTS SELECTION 1 TIMOTHY 3: 1-13 (READ) SOME PRIESTS WERE APPOINTED BY LOCAL BISHOPS SOME BY SUPREME AUTHORITY BY THE SUCCESSORS OF THE APOSTLES 28

31 PERSECUTIONS 29

32 BUT THIS HELPED SPREAD THE CHURCH THEY TOOK THEIR FAITH WITH THEM AND TOLD THE STORIES OF LIFE, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS WAS FERTILIZER FOR SEEDS OF FAITH 30

33 PERSECUTIONS LASTED FOR TWO CENTURIES BUT THIS HELPED SPREAD THE CHURCH THEY TOOK THEIR FAITH WITH THEM AND TOLD THE STORIES OF LIFE, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS WAS FERTILIZER FOR SEEDS OF FAITH 30

34 NERO (54-68) 31

35 HE KILLED HIS OWN MOTHER HE KILLED HIS SISTER HE KICKED HIS PREGNANT WIFE TO DEATH HE HATED ALL CHRISTIANS HE HAD A GRAND PLAN FOR A SPORTS ARENA HE BURNED ONE THIRD OF THE HOUSES OF ROME AND BLAMED IT ON THE CHRISTIANS 32

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37 HE KILLED ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL 33

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39 666 SENATE PASSED A RESOLUTION - NERO WENT TO HELL 35

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41 666 36

42 CHRISTIANS FEARED FOR THEIR LIVES 37

43 ICHTHUS (GREEK FISH) JESUS CHRIST, GOD S SON, THE SAVIOR AS A FISH CAN LIVE ONLY IN WATER, CHRISTIANS LIVE ONLY THROUGH THE WATER OF BAPTISM 38

44 PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN CHURCH CELIBACY CLONING MARRIAGE WORLD POVERTY AND HUNGER IN VITRO FERTILIZATION 39

45 FIRST PROBLEM OF THE EARLY CHURCH 40

46 CIRCUMCISIONS (ACTS 15:1-30) 41

47 CIRCUMCISIONS (ACTS 15:1-30) FIRST COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM SENT PAUL AND BARNABAS TO GATHER INFORMATION CALLED A COUNCIL PRIESTS AND BISHOPS DISCUSSED THE PROBLEM PRAYED FOR THE GUIDANCE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT 42

48 PETER SPEAKS OUT AS HEAD OF THE BISHOPS AND THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH ACTS 15: (READ) I WILL SEND THE HOLY SPIRIT TO ENLIGHTEN AND GUIDE YOU. I WILL GIVE YOU THE POWER TO MAKE LAWS THAT WILL BE BOUND IN HEAVEN AND ON EARTH 43

49 BODY OF CHRIST WE ARE ALL PART OF THE BODY OF CHRIST AND THE CHURCH IS ALWAYS TRYING TO KEEP THE BODY TOGETHER. HENCE, NO BLOOD NO MEAT OF STRANGLED ANIMALS NO UNLAWFUL MARRIAGES 44

50 THE TERM THE BODY OF CHRIST IS A MYSTERY NOT POETRY, NOT NICE WORDS WHEN ONE MEMBER OF THE BODY HURTS, THE WHOLE BODY HURTS THIS IS A TRUTH FROM JESUS CHRIST HIMSELF 45

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52 SAUL, WHY ARE YOU PERSECUTING ME? 46

53 THE MYSTERY OF FAITH A MYSTERY IS A TRUTH THAT WE CANNOT COMPREHEND AT THIS TIME GOD IS, BUT WE CAN T KNOW EVERYTHING ABOUT GOD, HE IS INFINITE AND WE ARE FINITE THE TRINITY - THREE PERSONS IN ONE NATURE THE INCARNATION WHICH IS THE PROFOUND UNITY BETWEEN THE DIVINE AND THE HUMAN NATURE THE MYSTERY OF DEATH AND RESURRECTION AT SOMETIME IN THE FUTURE WHEN OUR INTELLECT HAS BECOME CAPABLE OF UNDERSTANDING THE TRUTH WILL BE MADE KNOWN TO US 47

54 PERSECUTIONS CONTINUE THE TEACHING OF THE CHURCH ON FASTING, THE USE OF COSMETICS, AND THE COMMAND TO LOVE YOUR ENEMIES WAS SO FOREIGN TO THE ROMAN WAY OF LIFE THAT THE KILLING CONTINUED FOR 300 YEARS. EMPEROR DIOCLETIAN KILLED 500,000 CHRISTIANS. HIS SON CONSTANTINE WANTED TO BE KING OF ROME, BUT HE HAD TO DEFEAT MAXENTIUS WITH A LARGE ARMY. IN THE YEAR 312, THE NIGHT BEFORE THE BATTLE HE HAD A DREAM AND SAW A VISION IN THE SKY. HE HAD THIS SIGN PLACED ON THE SHIELDS OF ALL HIS MEN AND THEY WON THE BATTLE. 48

55 CHI RHO IN HOC SIGNO VINCES 49

56 CHRISTIANS FREED FROM PERSECUTIONS 50

57 THE EDICT OF TOLERANCE EDICT OF MILAN (313) FREED THE CHRISTIANS FROM PERSECUTION ALLOWED THE CHURCH TO USE LARGE PUBLIC BUILDINGS - BASILICA NOW THE CHURCH HAD LARGE BUILDINGS THEY NEEDED: LECTORS 51

58 USHERS CHOIR DIRECTORS THE LITURGY PREP COMMITTEES EUCHARISTIC MINISTERS 52

59 THE CHURCH BECOMES INTELLECTUAL WITHOUT THE FEAR OF PERSECUTIONS THE CHURCH HAD TIME TO DISCUSS THE NATURE OF CHRIST AND OF HIS MOTHER, MARY WE WILL SEE LATER HOW THIS CAUSES TROUBLE IN THE CHURCH 53

60 ANCIENT RCIA CLASSES RECEIVED COPIES OF THE GOSPEL, CREED, AND THE OUR FATHER PRAYER YOU WOULD BE EXAMINED TO SEE IF YOU WOULD BE PREPARED TO TAKE UP THE CROSS AND FIGHT FOR CHRIST YOU WOULD RECEIVE AN EXORCISM TO CAST OUT THE EVIL SPIRIT FROM YOUR HEART 54

61 TIME TO COME INTO THE CHURCH STAND BARE FOOTED ON ANIMAL SKINS BARE FEET - A SIGN OF SLAVERY TO SIN ANIMAL SKINS - THE SHAME OF ADAM AFTER HE SINNED 55

62 FACE THE WEST TO DENOUNCE SATAN THE WEST IS WHERE THE SUN SETS, THE DOMAIN OF DARKNESS YOU WOULD BE BAPTIZED IN AN EIGHT SIDED BAPTISTRY OLD ROMAN BATH EIGHT SIDES FOR THE FIRST DAY OF THE NEW WEEK ANOINTED WITH OIL THE ROMANS ALWAYS ANOINTED WITH OIL BEFORE A SPORTING CONTEST THE CHRISTIANS ALWAYS ANOINTING WITH OIL TO DO BATTLE WITH EVIL 56

63 RECEIVE A WHITE GARMENT THE SIGN OF HOLINESS TRIPLE EMERGENCE IN WATER ONE FOR EACH PERSON OF THE TRINITY SEALED ON THE FOREHEAD WITH OIL ROMANS BRANDED THEMSELVES TO SHOW WHICH GENERAL THEY BELONGED TO CHRISTIANS TO SHOW THEY BELONGED TO CHRIST 57

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65 COUNCIL OF HIPPO (393) THE CHURCH CALLED A MEETING TO DISCUSS WHICH BOOKS WERE TO BE INCLUDED IN THE BIBLE 46 OLD TESTAMENT - 27 NEW TESTAMENT THESE WERE SENT TO POPE BONIFACE TO BE CONFIRMED THAT THESE WERE FROM THE FATHER THE BOOKS OF: ECCLESIASTES WISDOM SIRACH TOBIT JUDITH 1ST AND 2ND MACCABEES 59

66 HERESIES FROM THIRD TO THE EIGHTH CENTURY ARIANISM NESTORIANISM MONOPHYSITISM 60

67 ARIANISM CHRIST WAS NOT DIVINE OR EQUAL TO THE FATHER THE FATHER CREATED THE SON TO SAVE THE HUMAN RACE 61

68 325 - THE COUNCIL OF NICAEA THE POINTS OF THE NICENE CREED (SEE HANDOUTS) THE COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE (EMPEROR THEODOSIUS I) REINFORCED THE POINTS OF THE NICENE CREED. IN THIS COUNCIL THEY ALSO SAID THAT THE FATHER, THE SON, AND THE HOLY SPIRIT WERE EQUAL. 62

69 NESTORIANISM EMPHASIZED THE HUMANITY OF CHRIST, BUT NOT HIS DIVINITY MARY IS THE MOTHER OF JESUS HUMAN NATURE, BUT NOT HIS DIVINE NATURE HIS HUMAN NATURE IS THE SON OF MARY AND HIS DIVINE NATURE IS THE SON OF GOD 63

70 431 - THE COUNCIL OF EPHESUS (THEODOSIUS II) REDEFINE THE POINTS OF THE PREVIOUS COUNCIL DEFINE THE UNION OF CHRIST DIVINE IN HUMAN NATURE MARY, THE MOTHER OF GOD - THEOTOKOS, WHICH IS GOD-BEARER THE FORMATION OF THE ORIENTAL ORTHODOX CHURCH 64

71 MONOPHYSITISM CHRIST WAS DIVINE ONLY AND NOT TRULY MAN THE COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON - THE LARGEST COUNCIL DECLARED THAT JESUS IS ETERNALLY THE SON OF GOD, THE SECOND PERSON OF THE TRINITY, FULLY HUMAN AND FULLY DIVINE WITHOUT ONE NATURE CANCELING OUT THE OTHER AT ANY TIME. REINFORCED THE FINDINGS OF NICAEA AND EPHESUS USED THE TERM THEOTOKOS 65

72 THE DARK AGES OF HISTORY AND OF THE CHURCH (395) BARBARIANS (GERMANS AND HUNS INVADE ROME) AFTER THE FALL OF THE WEST, THE CHURCH HAD MANY EDUCATED MEN WITH SKILLS FOR ORGANIZATION AND THESE MEN WERE CALLED INTO SERVICE TO RESTRUCTURE SOCIETY. THEY BECAME MAYORS AND GOVERNORS AND MORE POWERFUL POSITIONS IN GOVERNMENT AND WHEN THE TIME CAME TO GIVE THESE POSITIONS UP, PEOPLE BEING PEOPLE, THEY REFUSED. THE DARK AGES OF THE CHURCH CHURCH OFFICIALS CORRUPT AT ALL LEVELS. PRIESTS, BISHOPS, AND EVEN POPES - TORTURING PEOPLE TO MAKE THEM BELIEVE AND REMAIN FAITHFUL TO THE CHURCH 66

73 THE TEACHINGS AND THE TRUTHS OF THE CHURCH REMAINED THE SAME, BUT SOME PRIESTS, BISHOP, AND POPES DID NOT PRACTICE WHAT THEY PREACHED TO COUNTERACT THIS EVIL MANY GREAT THINKERS AND DEFENDERS OF THE FAITH DEVELOPED 67

74 ST AUGUSTINE BENEDICT FRANCIS OF ASSISI DOMINIC THOMAS OF AQUINAS JOAN OF ARC CATHERINE OF SIENA GROUPS OF HOLY WOMEN: THE SISTERS OF MERCY AND THE SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME 68

75 THE GREAT SCHISM (1054) SOME PATRIARCHS OF THE EAST HAD GREAT DEBATES OVER PRIESTLY CELIBACY - USE OF UNLEAVENED BREAD FOR THE EUCHARIST AND THEY REFUSED TO BELIEVE THE STATEMENT OF THE COUNCIL THAT THE HOLY SPIRIT PROCEEDS FROM THE FATHER AND THE SON FORMED THE EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH OCTOBER 31, 1517, MARTIN LUTHER S GREAT DEBATES AND HIS EXPULSION FROM THE CHURCH 69

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77 OCTOBER 31, 1517 MARTIN LUTHER S GREAT DEBATES AND HIS EXPULSION FROM THE CHURCH 70