FSD2217. Finnish Youth Survey Codebook

Transcription

1 FSD2217 Finnish Youth Survey 2006 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Youth Survey 2006 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 ( ) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive $ Koodikirjoitin.py :08: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD2217 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Advisory Council for Youth Affairs (Nuora) & Finnish Youth Research Society: Finnish Youth Survey 2006 [dataset]. Version 2.0 ( ). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 5 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: Finnish Youth Survey 2006 Titles and data version in Finnish: Nuorisobarometri 2006 This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 ( ) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Authoring entity Advisory Council for Youth Affairs (Nuora) Finnish Youth Research Society. Finnish Youth Research Network Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Manninen, Tarmo (Advisory Council for Youth Affairs) Date of deposit

8 1. Study description Keywords church elections; moral behaviour; presidential elections; religious affiliation; religious attendance; religious beliefs; religious institutions; satisfaction; social exclusion; trust; voting; voting behaviour; youth Topic Classification Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: elections; equality, inequality and social exclusion; religion and values; social behaviour and attitudes; youth Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish Youth Surveys Advisory Council for Youth Affairs (Nuora), nowadays called the State Youth Council, started to produce Youth Surveys in This survey series charts attitudes and expectations of Finnish young people aged Each survey contains both current questions and recurring questions which are repeated over time, enabling the study of long-term attitude changes. The main themes include attitudes to education, working life, social security, spending, drug use, and young people s willingness to participate in order to influence decision-making. Abstract The youth survey focused on Finnish young people s trust in institutions, voting behaviour, views on acceptable behaviour and on causes for social exclusion, feelings of insecurity, religious affiliation, attendance and beliefs, and opinion on the Church. First, the respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with a number of statements relating to work, working life, and commitment to work. Trust in political parties, public officials, trade unions, the Church, the Defence Forces, the police, Parliament, municipal executive council, the European Union, the President, banks, judiciary, the Government, NATO, the media and the Internet was charted. Some questions covered the respondents voting behaviour in the presidential elections, and opinions on Finland s EU membership. The respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with statements relating to acceptability of vandalism, demonstrations against foreigners, downloading music from the Internet without paying, tax evasion, etc. A number of statements related to sex, e.g. is it acceptable to buy or sell sex, have sex with a same-sex partner, have an abortion, etc. Views were probed on to what extent exclusion is caused by lack of education, friends, hobbies or faith in the future, own indifference, troublesome childhood home, injustice in society, etc. The respondents were asked whether they felt insecure or uncertain regarding studies, getting a job, health and safety of family members, increase in immigrant numbers, prevailing values and attitudes, etc. 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data The respondents religious affiliation and attendance were surveyed. The respondents were also asked how religious they considered themselves to be, how religious their childhood home had been, and whether family members had talked about religion, attended religious services or Sunday School, or prayed before meals in their childhood home. Further questions charted how often the respondents pray and with whom they talk about religious issues. Two questions focused on beliefs about God. Attitudes towards different religions and religious groups were surveyed. The respondents were asked whether they believe in supernatural beings, ghosts, witches, UFOs, Jesus the Son of God, Holy Spirit, angels, Satan, demons, extraterrestrials, astrology, or that God created the world like it says in the Bible, that everything is predestined, etc. Feelings of life control and general satisfaction with life were charted. Views were also probed on what happens after death, and whether the Church is capable of providing good answers to moral, spiritual or social problems and needs. The respondents were asked how important they considered certain activities and services carried out by parishes to be. Voting behaviour in church elections was investigated. Background variables included the respondent s gender, age, household composition, vocational education, and the education, age and occupation of R s parents, R s current educational or employment situation, type of employment contract, economic activity and occupational status, region and province of residence, type of municipality. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Young people aged living in Finland Collection date: March 2006 Data collector(s): TNS Gallup Finland Data producer(s): Advisory Council for Youth Affairs; Finnish Youth Research Society. Finnish Youth Research Network Mode of data collection: Telephone interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2006 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 206 variables and 1901 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability Random sampling from the population register with quotas based on age, gender, mother tongue, and place of residence. 1,800 Finnish-speaking and 100 Swedish-speaking young people were interviewed. 3

10 1. Study description 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal Variables identifying the respondents municipality of residence and postal code have been removed from the data. Related publications Demokratiaindikaattorit Toim. Borg, Sami. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Selvityksiä ja ohjeita 52/2013. URN:ISBN: Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina (2009). Osallistumattomuutta ja korkeaa luottamusta: Suomalaisten nuorten aikuisten suhde puolueisiin 2000-luvulla. Politiikka 51(2), Lampinen, Kristiina (2013). Uuskonservatiivit? 2000-luvun suomalaisnuorten konservatiiviset ja yksilöä vastuullistavat kovat asenteet ja asennemuutos nuorisobarometrien valossa. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto. Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos. Sosiologian pro gradu -tutkielma. URN:NBN:fi:jyu Uskon asia: nuorisobarometri 2006 (2006). Toim. Terhi-Anna Wilska. Helsinki: Opetusministeriö. Nuorisoasiain neuvottelukunta (Nuora). Nuoran julkaisuja; 34. Helsinki: Nuorisotutkimusseura. Nuorisotutkimusverkoston julkaisuja; 67. Zhuk, Iryna L. (2013). Transformation of culture of sexual relations in Ukraine: experience of intercultural comparative analysis. Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Sociology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine (only Title in English). Updated list of publications in the study description at Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 4

11 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1901 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1901 minimum 2.00 maximum 2.00 mean 2.00 standard deviation

12 2. Variables [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1901 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [BV1] Respondent s gender Respondent s gender Female Male [BV2_1] Respondent s age (retrieved from the population register) Respondent s age (retrieved from the population register) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1900 minimum maximum (continued on next page) 6

13 BV3 (cont. from previous page) statistic value mean standard deviation 4.11 [BV2_2] Respondent s age (reported by the respondent) Respondent s age (reported by the respondent) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1900 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 4.17 [BV2_3] Respondent s age group (retrieved from the population register) Respondent s age group (retrieved from the population register) Under 15 years years years years Over 29 years [BV3] Respondent s mother tongue Respondent s mother tongue 7

14 2. Variables Finnish Swedish Other, what? (No answer) [BV4] Household composition Household composition One-person household (also shared student housing) Married/cohabiting, no children Married/cohabiting with children Lone parent Living with parent(s)/other custodian Flat shared with friends or siblings Something else No answer [BV5] Have you taken the matriculation examination (i.e. completed general upper secondary education)? Have you taken the matriculation examination (i.e. completed general upper secondary education)? Yes (continued on next page) 8

15 BV7 (cont. from previous page) No No answer [BV6] Respondent s vocational education Respondent s vocational education Vocational school (upper secondary level) Polytechnic University None of the above No answer [BV7] Has your father a degree or certificate from... Has your father a degree or certificate from... Vocational school Vocational college Upper secondary school only (general, not vocational) University No degree or certificate No father anymore Can t say (continued on next page) 9

16 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [BV8] Has your mother a degree or certificate from... Has your mother a degree or certificate from... Vocational school Vocational college Upper secondary school only (general, not vocational) University No degree or certificate No mother anymore Can t say [BV9] Father s occupation Father s occupation Legislators, senior officials and managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Office and customer service clerks Service and care workers, and shop and market sales workers Skilled agricultural and fishery workers (continued on next page) 10

17 BV11 (cont. from previous page) Construction, craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators and assemblers Elementary occupations Armed forces No answer [BV10] Mother s occupation Mother s occupation Legislators, senior officials and managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Office and customer service clerks Service and care workers, and shop and market sales workers Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Construction, craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators and assemblers Elementary occupations Armed forces No answer [BV11] Father s age Father s age Descriptive statistics 11

18 2. Variables statistic value number of valid cases 1556 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 8.59 [BV12] Mother s age Mother s age Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1556 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 8.16 [BV13] Are you currently studying? Are you currently studying? Yes No No answer [BV14] Where are you studying at present? Where are you studying at present? 12

19 BV16 In primary or lower secondary school In upper secondary school In vocational school (upper secondary level) At polytechnic At university In labour market training for the unemployed In apprenticeship training In folk high school or similar At open university or open polytechnic In some other school Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [BV15] What do you study? What do you study? Mentioned Not mentioned System missing (SYSMIS) [BV16] Are you satisfied with your current education? Are you satisfied with your current education? Yes No (continued on next page) 13

20 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Can t say [BV17] Are you currently doing any paid work? Are you currently doing any paid work? Yes No Can t say [BV18] Respondent s job contract Respondent s job contract Full-time and permanent Full-time and fixed-term Part-time and permanent Part-time and fixed-term Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [BV19] Respondent s economic activity Respondent s economic activity 14

21 BV20 Pupil or student Employee Employer or contributing family worker in an enterprise Farmer Unemployed or laid off Conscript or conscientious objector in civilian service Apprentice on labour market subsidy or work try-out Retired (on incapacity/disability/etc. pension) On maternity or parental leave Homemaker No answer [BV20] Respondent s occupation Respondent s occupation Legislators, senior officials and managers Professionals Technicians and associate professionals Office and customer service clerks Service and care workers, and shop and market sales workers Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Construction, craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators and assemblers Elementary occupations Armed forces No answer

22 2. Variables [BV22] Major region (NUTS2) Major region (NUTS2) Uusimaa Southern Finland Eastern Finland Central Finland Northern Finland [BV23] Type of municipality of residence Type of municipality of residence Capital area Urban municipality Semi-urban municipality Rural municipality [Q1_1] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Work is an important part of a person s life Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Work is an important part of a person s life 16

23 Q1_3 Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_2] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Nowadays, working life demands so much from employees that many people suffer from burn-out at an early stage Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Nowadays, working life demands so much from employees that many people suffer from burn-out at an early stage Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_3] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that a good education guarantees a permanent job Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that a good education guarantees a permanent job 17

24 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_4] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I would like to change jobs several times during my career Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I would like to change jobs several times during my career Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_5] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I would like to commit myself to some workplace/company and work hard for its success Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I would like to commit myself to some workplace/company and work hard for its success 18

25 Q1_7 Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_6] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that success in working life depends only on oneself and one s attitudes Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that success in working life depends only on oneself and one s attitudes Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_7] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: My aim is to make so much money that I will become wealthy Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: My aim is to make so much money that I will become wealthy Strongly agree (continued on next page) 19

26 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_8] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that even as an employee it is possible to become wealthy Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that even as an employee it is possible to become wealthy Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_9] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that what one needs to succeed in working life is primarily good luck Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I believe that what one needs to succeed in working life is primarily good luck 20

27 Q1_11 Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_10] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: To fully develop your talents, you need to have a job Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: To fully develop your talents, you need to have a job Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_11] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is humiliating to receive money without having to work for it Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is humiliating to receive money without having to work for it Strongly agree (continued on next page) 21

28 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_12] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: People who don t work turn lazy Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: People who don t work turn lazy Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_13] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is everyone s social responsibility to work Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is everyone s social responsibility to work Strongly agree (continued on next page) 22

29 Q1_15 (cont. from previous page) Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_14] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: People shouldn t have to work if they don t want to Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: People shouldn t have to work if they don t want to Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q1_15] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Work should always come first, even if it means less spare time Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Work should always come first, even if it means less spare time 23

30 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q2_1] How much do you trust: Political parties How much do you trust: Political parties To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_2] How much do you trust: Local authorities How much do you trust: Local authorities To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say (continued on next page) 24

31 Q2_5 (cont. from previous page) [Q2_3] How much do you trust: State authorities How much do you trust: State authorities To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_4] How much do you trust: Trade unions How much do you trust: Trade unions To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_5] How much do you trust: Church How much do you trust: Church 25

32 2. Variables To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_6] How much do you trust: Military/defence forces How much do you trust: Military/defence forces To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_7] How much do you trust: The police How much do you trust: The police To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say (continued on next page) 26

33 Q2_9 (cont. from previous page) [Q2_8] How much do you trust: Parliament How much do you trust: Parliament To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_9] How much do you trust: Local council How much do you trust: Local council To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say

34 2. Variables [Q2_10] How much do you trust: European Union How much do you trust: European Union To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_11] How much do you trust: President of the Republic How much do you trust: President of the Republic To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_12] How much do you trust: Banks How much do you trust: Banks 28

35 Q2_14 To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_13] How much do you trust: Major companies How much do you trust: Major companies To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_14] How much do you trust: Legal system How much do you trust: Legal system To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say

36 2. Variables [Q2_15] How much do you trust: The Government How much do you trust: The Government To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_16] How much do you trust: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) How much do you trust: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_17] How much do you trust: Press How much do you trust: Press 30

37 Q2_19 To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_18] How much do you trust: Television How much do you trust: Television To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q2_19] How much do you trust: Internet How much do you trust: Internet To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say

38 2. Variables [Q3] Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections last January? Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections last January? Yes No Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q4] Did you vote in the second round of the presidential elections? Did you vote in the second round of the presidential elections? Yes No Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q5] Which candidate did you then vote for? Which candidate did you then vote for? Tarja Halonen (continued on next page) 32

39 Q7 (cont. from previous page) Sauli Niinistö Don t want to say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q6] Why did you abstain from voting in the second round of the elections? Why did you abstain from voting in the second round of the elections? Mentioned Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q7] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: EU membership has been beneficial to Finland Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: EU membership has been beneficial to Finland Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say

40 2. Variables [Q8_1] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to attack fur farms Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to attack fur farms Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_2] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to paint slogans on walls Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to paint slogans on walls Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_3] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to participate in demonstrations against foreigners Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to participate in demonstrations against foreigners 34

41 Q8_5 Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_4] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to evade taxes by doing clandestine work Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to evade taxes by doing clandestine work Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_5] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to receive unemployment subsidies without being entitled to them Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to receive unemployment subsidies without being entitled to them Strongly agree (continued on next page) 35

42 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_6] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable that managers of large corporations receive large bonuses and options Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable that managers of large corporations receive large bonuses and options Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_7] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to travel on public transport without a valid ticket Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to travel on public transport without a valid ticket Strongly agree Agree (continued on next page) 36

43 Q8_9 (cont. from previous page) Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_8] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to download music for free from the Internet Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to download music for free from the Internet Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_9] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to circumvent copy protection on CDs Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to circumvent copy protection on CDs Strongly agree Agree Disagree (continued on next page) 37

44 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_10] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to sell sex if one is a consenting adult Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to sell sex if one is a consenting adult Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_11] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to buy sex from another consenting adult Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to buy sex from another consenting adult Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree (continued on next page) 38

45 Q8_13 (cont. from previous page) Can t say [Q8_12] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex with a person aged under 16 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex with a person aged under 16 Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_13] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex before marriage Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex before marriage Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say (continued on next page) 39

46 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q8_14] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex with someone else other than one s spouse or partner Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex with someone else other than one s spouse or partner Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_15] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex with a person of the same sex Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to have sex with a person of the same sex Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say (continued on next page) 40

47 Q8_17 (cont. from previous page) [Q8_16] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable that same-sex couples can register their relationship Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable that same-sex couples can register their relationship Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_17] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable that fertility treatments for same-sex couples are paid by society Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable that fertility treatments for same-sex couples are paid by society Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say

48 2. Variables [Q8_18] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to get an abortion if one considers it necessary Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to get an abortion if one considers it necessary Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q8_19] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to use soft drugs such as cannabis Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is acceptable to use soft drugs such as cannabis Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [Q9_1] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Low education level To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Low education level 42

49 Q9_3 To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_2] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of friends To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of friends To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_3] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of faith in the future To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of faith in the future To a large extent To some extent (continued on next page) 43

50 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_4] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Unhealthy habits To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Unhealthy habits To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_5] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of hobbies To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of hobbies To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say (continued on next page) 44

51 Q9_7 (cont. from previous page) [Q9_6] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Laziness and indifference To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Laziness and indifference To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_7] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of income To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Lack of income To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say

52 2. Variables [Q9_8] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Difficulty to get help when needed To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Difficulty to get help when needed To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_9] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Unequal starting points, e.g. a difficult childhood To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Unequal starting points, e.g. a difficult childhood To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_10] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Biological or genetic differences in talent To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Biological or genetic differences in talent 46

53 Q10_1 To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q9_11] To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Injustice of society To what extent is the exclusion of young people caused by: Injustice of society To a large extent To some extent Not much Not at all Can t say [Q10_1] Do you feel insecure about: Studies Do you feel insecure about: Studies A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much (continued on next page) 47

54 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Very little Can t say [Q10_2] Do you feel insecure about: Getting a job Do you feel insecure about: Getting a job A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say [Q10_3] Do you feel insecure about: Security and well-being of family members Do you feel insecure about: Security and well-being of family members A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say (continued on next page) 48

55 Q10_5 (cont. from previous page) [Q10_4] Do you feel insecure about: Own income Do you feel insecure about: Own income A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say [Q10_5] Do you feel insecure about: Insecurity of your neighbourhood Do you feel insecure about: Insecurity of your neighbourhood A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say

56 2. Variables [Q10_6] Do you feel insecure about: Situation in world politics Do you feel insecure about: Situation in world politics A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say [Q10_7] Do you feel insecure about: Increase in the number of immigrants Do you feel insecure about: Increase in the number of immigrants A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say [Q10_8] Do you feel insecure about: Values and attitudes that prevail in society Do you feel insecure about: Values and attitudes that prevail in society 50

57 Q10_10 A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say [Q10_9] Do you feel insecure about: Global warming caused by man Do you feel insecure about: Global warming caused by man A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say [Q10_10] Do you feel insecure about: Epidemics such as bird flu Do you feel insecure about: Epidemics such as bird flu A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little (continued on next page) 51

58 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Can t say [Q10_11] Do you feel insecure about: International terrorism Do you feel insecure about: International terrorism A great deal Quite a lot As much as people generally do Not very much Very little Can t say [Q11] Do you belong to a church, denomination, or religious community? Do you belong to a church, denomination, or religious community? Yes No No answer

59 Q14 [Q12] Which church, denomination, or religious community do you belong to? Which church, denomination, or religious community do you belong to? Evangelical Lutheran Church Orthodox Church Other, what? Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q13] Which of the following statements describes your situation best? Which of the following statements describes your situation best? I have never belonged to a church/denomination I have belonged to a church/denomination but have quit I have belonged to a church/denom. but quit with my family Other, what? Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q14] How often, if at all, do you think about the meaning and purpose of life? How often, if at all, do you think about the meaning and purpose of life? 53

60 2. Variables Often Sometimes Rarely Never Can t say [Q15] Apart form weddings, funerals and christenings, about how often do you attend religious services these days? Apart form weddings, funerals and christenings, about how often do you attend religious services these days? At least once a month Only on specific holy days Once a year Less often Practically never Can t say [Q16] Independently of whether you go to church or attend religious services or not, would you say you are...? Independently of whether you go to church or attend religious services or not, would you say you are...? 54

61 Q18 A religious person Not a religious person A convinced atheist Can t say [Q17] How often do you pray to God? How often do you pray to God? Daily on a regular basis A couple of times a month Less often than once a month Only in a difficult situation Never Can t say [Q18] Please use this scale where 5 means very religious and 1 not at all religious to indicate how religious your childhood home was Please use this scale where 5 means very religious and 1 not at all religious to indicate how religious your childhood home was Not at all religious (continued on next page) 55

62 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Very religious Can t say [Q19_1] Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members talked about religion Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members talked about religion Yes No Can t say [Q19_2] Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members regularly attended religious services Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members regularly attended religious services Yes No Can t say (continued on next page) 56

63 Q19_4 (cont. from previous page) [Q19_3] Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members had private devotions at home Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members had private devotions at home Yes No Can t say [Q19_4] Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members said a prayer before eating Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members said a prayer before eating Yes No Can t say

64 2. Variables [Q19_5] Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members respected the day of rest Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Your family members respected the day of rest Yes No Can t say [Q19_6] Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Children went to Sunday school Which of the following statements describe your childhood home: Children went to Sunday school Yes No Can t say [Q20_1] Do you discuss religious topics with the following people: Your mother Do you discuss religious topics with the following people: Your mother 58