Ancient Philosophy. Instructor: Jason Sheley
|
|
- Josephine Carroll
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ancient Philosophy Instructor: Jason Sheley
2 Plato's Euthyphro
3 I am going to suggest a way of reading the Euthyphro and Crito in relation to the Republic and Plato's other works. First, both dialogues are Socratic in nature. That is, the investigation is done in a Socratic style, and achieves Socratic results. Second, each raises issues that will reappear in other dialogues, using different methods, reaching different results.
4 Reading Plato One of the things I love most about Plato is that he does not do the thinking for you. When you read one dialogue, you may think you know what it's about and what conclusions you should draw. However, sometimes you notice that the dialogue no longer makes sense when you compare it to a different one.
5
6 Euthyphro The meeting between the two characters, Socrates and Euthyphro, is quite interesting. On the one hand, we have Socrates who is notorious for testing people publicly. This was quite new to the Athenians, and we today probably wouldn t like it much if someone did it to us. (Imagine that you re at a dinner party, and someone suddenly takes it upon himself to test you on the very thing you claim to be an expert in.)
7 On the other hand, we have Euthyphro, who really reminds us of someone who might show up on a light-night psychic television commercial. He claims to have thorough and exact knowledge of all sorts of divine matters. Naturally, then, he is just sort of person who Socrates wants to test (as we saw in Apology).
8 Is this pitch a ball or a strike? Controversial Cases
9 Controversial Cases How do we solve controversial cases? Can you think of any? Does the problem ever go away?
10 Some further cases /10/18/ /scout-leaders-whotoppled-ancient-rock-may-face-charges
11 Is this valuable? Why or why not?
12 Philosophical Problems Philosophical problems arise because of the reasons we accept in favor or against some position. Typically, we know that we ve found a good problem when the usual answers we give seem to pose further problems of their own.
13 What is truth? What makes something true? But compare: What makes something moral? Immoral? What makes something valuable?
14 A note on the case at hand: Euthyphro is prosecuting his own father for murder. Notice that, even today, this would be extraordinary. (In Ancient Athenian society, this would have been nearly unheard of.)
15
16 The Question: What is piety? (hosion) Socrates wants an answer to this question, because he has been brought up on charges of impiety. And if he has the definition, it will help him make his case stronger Having the concept of piety will also help clear up the controversy.
17 Euthyphro s three proposed definitions: Definition #1: What I am doing now is pious. (What is wrong with this as a definition?)
18
19 Definition #2: What the gods love is pious (What s wrong with this one?)
20 We get a bridge to the larger problem at 7b-7d...
21
22
23 The Problem is much more widespread and deeper than it first appears. I'm going to suggest that the Euthyphro problem is not only a problem about Piety. We can think of the Gods like "umpires" or "referees." This problem pops up in any domain in which judgment is at issue: art, ethics, even knowledge. How do we use judgment to resolve disagreement?
24 Definition #3: What all the gods love is pious piety = what all the gods love
25 What follows is one of the most famous passages in Plato, and indeed in all of philosophy Socrates notes that the definition as stated is ambiguous. How is it ambiguous? How does Socrates restate the definition?
26 Socrates: Consider this: Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?
27 Two Possible Definitions Possibility #1 The Gods love the pious because it s pious Possibility #2 The pious is pious because the Gods love it
28 Now, let s see what follows, if we take either approach...
29 (Might also add that Socrates isn t satisfied with this analysis, since we assume at the outset that piety and being loved by the Gods are not the same thing. So the definition is problematic because it is uninformative.) If the pious is pious because it is loved by the Gods then Gods loving something is the reason for it being called pious. So whenever all of the Gods love something, that thing is thereby pious. So piousness and being loved by the Gods become the same thing. However, we still do not know why the Gods love the pious action. So, the account of piety is arbitrary: any action could be loved by the Gods, and thus become pious.
30 (Might also add that Socrates isn t satisfied with this analysis, since we assume at the outset that piety and being loved by the Gods are not the same thing. So the definition is problematic because it is uninformative.)
31 If the pious is loved by the Gods because it is pious then the reason why the Gods love the pious is that it possesses a particular quality: piousness. However, we still do not know what the quality of piousness is. (That is, we still need a definition) And, moreover, this quality is independent of the Gods. So this gives us a reason to investigate what the quality is, independently of the Gods.
32 At this point, let s take stock. Do you agree more with one position than the other? (That is, do you think, for example, that something is beautiful because it has a quality, or do you think it is beautiful because people think it is?)
33 Thought Experiment Suppose (sadly) that the zombie apocalypse hits. In an art museum is the Mona Lisa. According to Plato s argument in Euthyphro, is the painting still beautiful? What analysis does each option yield?
34 Plato leaves us with two options...
35 Do we ever make progress in Philosophy? What would progress look like?
36 The left-hand option is relativism. The right-hand option is something like a placeholder concept: "whatever F turns out to be" What drives Plato forward is various attempts to do the following: 1) Find the answer to the placeholder. 2) Find a means of getting us to it. (To put it another way, find the destination, and find a road to it.) We have already seen one way that Plato tried to fill in the placeholder: the theory of Forms.
37 Let's explore some further problems with each alternative...
38 Realism
39 #1) Oh, Form, where art thou? If there are mindindependent Forms, as Plato suggested, where are they? For example, the umpire finds the strike zone. But does that mean it is located in space?
40 #2: Strange independence If the Form is completely independent of our judgment, it would still exist even when no one is looking. Does that mean that the strike zone exists in stadiums even when everyone leaves the stadium?
41 #3: Practice, practice, practice? Do people consult mindindependent forms even when they perform activities? For example, think of a doctor as a kind of umpire. Does the doctor consult the form of HEALTH while performing surgery?
42 Relativism Man is the measure of all things. Of all those that are, that they are. Of all those that are not, that they are not. -Protagoras Out of the crooked timber of humanity, nothing straight was ever made.
43 #1: Disagreement? One of the biggest problems with this sort of relativism is that it completely removes the possibility of disagreement. Disagreement implies that there is a way of continuing the search for the truth.
44 #2: Keep an open mind We sometimes like to say that we should keep an open mind. Relativism prevents, rather than encourages this. For example, suppose that you change your mind about something. There is no way to say that your judgment improved, or to say that you were mistaken before.
45 #3: It was, until it wasn t Similar problems ensue for changes over time. Is society getting better? Getting worse? The concept of better or worse implies that there is a standard against which we can measure. With Relativism, we can only say that the view changed.
46 #4: Arbitrary shifts Plato already mentioned this one. If a change in judgment occurs, we are not able to say why it occurred. Only that it did.
47 #5: Arbitrary shifts, and Authority Relativism does not occur in a vacuum. Perhaps it does not matter much about things like Crocs or movies or art. However, Relativism can be a dangerous tool in the hands of power. (Sadly, Power is not relative.) Example: I hereby declare that everyone receives an F. The problem of Procrustean Standards
48 Plato leaves us only two options. How would we build a third alternative?
49 What is art? Now let s take up our second problem. What is art? Or, to put it another way, what makes something a work of art? First, let s ask around, and see what different people think...
50 Theories of Art: Three Approaches Approach #1: Realism On this approach, aesthetic quality is an absolute value that is independent of any human view. (What would this view imply about most paintings? Suppose that all human beings became zombies...) (Note: these distinctions are found in Richard Wollheim s book, Art and its Objects)
51 Approach #2: Relativism On this approach, art has no absolute value. Instead, the value art has depends on, and varies with, the experiences that different humans have. (Note: we could vary this view, and say that the relativism works either according to culture, or to the individual.) Let s take up our zombie case one more time...
52 Approach #3: Objectivism On this approach, art has an absolute value. However, that value is ultimately dependent on general human experience. (Let s go back to our painting in the zombie world. What does this theory say about this case?)
53 A related topic one could take up: how to define what Art is What the F do we want out of a good definition, anyway? Wittgenstein s counterproposal to Socrates account of definitions: lw65-69c.htm
Lesson Plans 12: Argument and Piety in the Euthyphro e Civic Knowledge Project: Winning Words
1 Lesson Plans 12: Argument and Piety in the Euthyphro e Civic Knowledge Project: Winning Words Time: 1 hour Abstract: Students will read the Euthyphro, examine Socrates s argumentation, and discuss the
More informationSocrates ( BC) The unexamined life is not worth living
Socrates (470-399 BC) The unexamined life is not worth living Athens Athens is where this all takes place It s one of the most powerful city-states in all of Greece A democracy recently freed from Spartan
More informationlatter case, if we offer different concepts by which to define piety, we risk no longer talking about piety. I.e., the forms are one and all
Socrates II PHIL301 The Euthyphro - Setting and cast o Socrates encounters Euthyphro as both proceed to court. Socrates is to hear whether he will be indicted. Euthyphro is prosecuting his father for murder.
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy Crito. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Introduction to Philosophy Crito Instructor: Jason Sheley Recall again our steps for doing philosophy 1) What is the question? 2) What is the basic answer to the question? 3) What reasons are given for
More informationAncient Philosophy. Cal State Fullerton Instructor: Jason Sheley
Ancient Philosophy Cal State Fullerton Instructor: Jason Sheley Classics and Depth Before we get going today, try out this question: What makes something a classic text? (whether it s a work of fiction,
More informationReading a Platonic Dialogue
Plato s Euthyphro Reading a Platonic Dialogue Dramatic Structure: place, time, characters, plot. Substantive Issues: the facts of the discipline (e.g., pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related).
More informationPlato s Republic - Books 1&2. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Plato s Republic - Books 1&2 Instructor: Jason Sheley We want to understand the motivations for Plato's metaphysical, ethical, and epistemological views. The Phaedo begins with everyone waiting for Socrates
More informationPlato s Euthyphro. G. J. Mattey. Winter, 2006 / Philosophy 1. Our first text will be from Plato and centered around his teacher Socrates ( BC).
Plato s Euthyphro G. J. Mattey Winter, 2006 / Philosophy 1 The First Principle Our first text will be from Plato and centered around his teacher Socrates (469-399 BC). Before Socrates (and during his life)
More informationDivine command theory
Divine command theory Today we will be discussing divine command theory. But first I will give a (very) brief overview of the discipline of philosophy. Why do this? One of the functions of an introductory
More informationPlato s Euthyphro. G. J. Mattey. Spring, 2017 / Philosophy 1. Our first text will be from Plato and centered around his teacher Socrates ( BC).
Plato s Euthyphro G. J. Mattey Spring, 2017 / Philosophy 1 The First Principle Our first text will be from Plato and centered around his teacher Socrates (469-399 BC). Before Socrates (and during his life)
More informationPhilosophy 1100: Ethics
Philosophy 1100: Ethics Topic 3 - Religious Approaches to Ethics 1.Religion and Morality 2.Divine Command Theory (DCT) 3.DCT and Atheism 4.Why believe DCT? 5.Plato 6.Euthyphro 7.An Argument against DCT:
More informationTHE MENO by Plato Written in approximately 380 B.C.
THE MENO by Plato Written in approximately 380 B.C. The is a selection from a book titled The Meno by the philosopher Plato. Meno is a prominent Greek, and a follower of Gorgias, who is a Sophist. Socrates
More informationLecture 4. Athens and the Sophists 15/09/2010. Today s Lecture
Lecture 4 S O C R A T E S & T H E S O P H I S T S Today s Lecture In today's lecture we will: 1. Investigate the historical context that surrounded Socrates during his lifetime 2. Understand who the Sophists
More informationReading Euthyphro Plato as a literary artist
The objectives of studying the Euthyphro Reading Euthyphro The main objective is to learn what the method of philosophy is through the method Socrates used. The secondary objectives are (1) to be acquainted
More informationThe Euthyphro Dilemma
The Euthyphro Dilemma 1 I. The Origin of the Euthyphro Dilemma A. The name Euthyphro comes from the dialogue of Plato by that title. B. This issue has come down to us today as the Euthyphro Dilemma. C.
More informationVIEWING PERSPECTIVES
VIEWING PERSPECTIVES j. walter Viewing Perspectives - Page 1 of 6 In acting on the basis of values, people demonstrate points-of-view, or basic attitudes, about their own actions as well as the actions
More informationIntroduction. pursuing of truth if not right, there are many questions that do arise and need answers in
Jones 1 Catherine Jones Dr. V. Robson Philosophy 17 October 2012 Was Socrates an Enemy of the State? Introduction As philosophy records, the contribution of Socrates to address elements of justice in pursuing
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy Plato's Republic Bk1. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Introduction to Philosophy Plato's Republic Bk1 Instructor: Jason Sheley Opening puzzle: The Prisoner's Dilemma One of the themes we will explore is how to make sense of a person's self-interest. The following
More informationGREAT PHILOSOPHERS series TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN
GREAT PHILOSOPHERS series TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN 1. 26/09 SOCRATES Damien Storey 2. 03/10 PLOTINUS Vasilis Politis 3. 10/10 AUGUSTINE Paul O Grady 4. 17/10 M. CAVENDISH Kenny Pearce 5. 24/10 SPINOZA Jim
More informationPHILOSOPHY 144, Moral Issues (Makinster) ~ Saturday mornings, Room MS 117. Section 70 ~ 10:50 1:30. Spring Why Study Philosophy?
"If we believe absurdities, we will commit atrocities." Voltaire "These are not idle questions we discuss, but how we ought to live our lives." Plato "Few men think, yet all men hold opinions." Berkeley
More informationPHL 200Y Teaching Assistants:
PHL 200Y 2015-2016 Instructor: L.P. Gerson (lloyd.gerson@utoronto.ca) Classroom: LM 159 Office: JHB 423. 647 992 4880 Office Hours: M12-1, W12-1 and by appointment Course website: Blackboard: https://portal.utoronto.ca/
More informationPhilosophy and the art of questioning - Plato s Euthyphro
Philosophy and the art of questioning - Plato s Euthyphro The setting for Plato's early dialog, Euthyphro, is in front of the offices of the magistrate who has registered and will make preliminary inquiries
More informationThe Trials Of Socrates Six Classic Texts Book Library
We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with the trials of socrates
More informationPlato's Epistemology PHIL October Introduction
1 Plato's Epistemology PHIL 305 28 October 2014 1. Introduction This paper argues that Plato's theory of forms, specifically as it is presented in the middle dialogues, ought to be considered a viable
More informationBefore the Court House
Euthyphro Before the Court House Socrates: the charges Corrupting the young Introducing new gods Euthyphro Prosecuting his father for murder Relative or a stranger? Makes no difference: pollution (miasma)
More informationRealism and anti-realism. University of London Philosophy B.A. Intercollegiate Lectures Logic and Metaphysics José Zalabardo Autumn 2009
Realism and anti-realism University of London Philosophy B.A. Intercollegiate Lectures Logic and Metaphysics José Zalabardo Autumn 2009 What is the issue? Whether the way things are is independent of our
More informationJillian Stinchcomb 1 University of Notre Dame
Jillian Stinchcomb 1 Implicit Characterization in Plato s Euthyphro Plato s Euthyphro, like most Socratic dialogues, has one primary question, which is What is piety? It is also similar to many early Socratic
More informationFaults and Mathematical Disagreement
45 Faults and Mathematical Disagreement María Ponte ILCLI. University of the Basque Country mariaponteazca@gmail.com Abstract: My aim in this paper is to analyse the notion of mathematical disagreements
More informationENG 4953 ( 1G49) PHILOSOPHY AND THE CINEMA SPRING 2018
ENG 4953 ( 1G49) PHILOSOPHY AND THE CINEMA SPRING 2018 Instructor: Robert Ray Office: 4217 Turlington Office Hours: Tuesday: 2:30-4:00 PM; Wednesday: 2:30-4:00 PM Telephone: Office: 294-2819 E-mail: robertbeverleyray@gmail.com
More informationSocratic and Platonic Ethics
Socratic and Platonic Ethics G. J. Mattey Winter, 2017 / Philosophy 1 Ethics and Political Philosophy The first part of the course is a brief survey of important texts in the history of ethics and political
More informationPhilosophy 1100 Honors Introduction to Ethics
Philosophy 1100 Honors Introduction to Ethics Lecture 2 Introductory Discussion Part 2 Critical Thinking, Meta-Ethics, Philosophy, and Religion An Overview of the Introductory Material: The Main Topics
More informationWhy Plato's Cave? Ancient Greek Philosophy. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Why Plato's Cave? Ancient Greek Philosophy Instructor: Jason Sheley Why is Socrates not afraid to die? What is Philosophy? At this point, we can check in with one of our original questions. I like this
More informationPlato - Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo By Plato, G. M. A. Grube
Plato - Five Dialogues: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo By Plato, G. M. A. Grube Five Dialogues (Second Edition) Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo. Plato Translated by G. M. A. Grube Revised
More informationTHE UNITY OF COURAGE AND WISDOM IN PLATO S PROTAGORAS LINO BIANCO
THE UNITY OF COURAGE AND WISDOM IN PLATO S PROTAGORAS LINO BIANCO (University of Malta; e-mail: lino.bianco@um.edu.mt) Abstract: The doctrine of the unity of the virtues is one of the themes in Plato s
More informationLaches first definition of courage (190 e-192 b) Courage = standing firm in battle
About Plato s Laches In the Laches, as in most Socratic dialogues, Socrates asks his interlocutors to define a certain moral quality in this case, courage. Socrates assumes that if one really knows what
More informationShanghai Jiao Tong University. PI913 History of Ancient Greek Philosophy
Shanghai Jiao Tong University PI913 History of Ancient Greek Philosophy Instructor: Juan De Pascuale Email: depascualej@kenyon.edu Home Institution: Office Hours: Kenyon College Office: 505 Main Bldg Term:
More informationMoral Objectivism. RUSSELL CORNETT University of Calgary
Moral Objectivism RUSSELL CORNETT University of Calgary The possibility, let alone the actuality, of an objective morality has intrigued philosophers for well over two millennia. Though much discussed,
More information4AANA001 Greek Philosophy I Syllabus Academic year 2014/15
4AANA001 Greek Philosophy I Syllabus Academic year 2014/15 Basic information Credits: 15 Module Tutor: Dr Joachim Aufderheide Office: 706 Consultation time: TBA Semester: 1 Lecture time and venue: Tuesdays
More informationA Lecture on Ethics By Ludwig Wittgenstein
A Lecture on Ethics By Ludwig Wittgenstein My subject, as you know, is Ethics and I will adopt the explanation of that term which Professor Moore has given in his book Principia Ethica. He says: "Ethics
More informationDavid-Hillel Ruben s Traditions and True Successors : A Critical Reply John Williams, Singapore Management University
David-Hillel Ruben s Traditions and True Successors : A Critical Reply John Williams, Singapore Management University In 1988 I became interested in the relationship between the ideas of Confucius and
More informationH: Whatever name you give something is its right name, and you can change it, just as we change the names of our slaves.
Notes on Plato s CRATYLUS M. Baumer 10/23/05 First dialogue of second tetralogy. Cratylus and Hermogenes are debating whether the correctness of names is by nature or convention (social agreement). H:
More informationQUESTION: Does this conversation between Euthyphro and Socrates have any conclusiveness? NO. Why Not?
EUTHYPHRO (lecture) Background: Socrates, in his famous ironic conversations portrays himself to be ignorant of all ideas and thoughts of philosophic inquiry. He often implores the experts in their particular
More informationDepartment of Philosophy. Module descriptions 2017/18. Level C (i.e. normally 1 st Yr.) Modules
Department of Philosophy Module descriptions 2017/18 Level C (i.e. normally 1 st Yr.) Modules Please be aware that all modules are subject to availability. If you have any questions about the modules,
More informationPH 101: Problems of Philosophy. Section 005, Monday & Thursday 11:00 a.m. - 12:20 p.m. Course Description:
PH 101: Problems of Philosophy INSTRUCTOR: Stephen Campbell Section 005, Monday & Thursday 11:00 a.m. - 12:20 p.m. Course Description: This course seeks to help students develop their capacity to think
More informationThe Grounding for Moral Obligation
Bradley 1 The Grounding for Moral Obligation Cody Bradley Ethics from a Global Perspective, T/R at 7:00PM Dr. James Grindeland February 27, 2014 Bradley 2 The aim of this paper is to provide a coherent,
More informationEuthyphro s Dilemma. What Could (a) God Have To Do With Morality?
Euthyphro s Dilemma What Could (a) God Have To Do With Morality? One of the Commandments Though shalt not kill. (Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 5:17) Interpretive question: Never? Never ever? Is this as it
More informationOrigins of Western Morality SPRING 2017 Meeting Time: M/Th 10:55 12:15 Meeting Location: CDL 109
Origins of Western Morality SPRING 2017 Meeting Time: M/Th 10:55 12:15 Meeting Location: CDL 109 Professor Kocar akocar@princeton.edu Office Location: Room 112 Loree Building Office Hours: Th 9 10:30 or
More informationThe Gospel might offend the nonbeliever, but it has the power to save and transform. Acts 17
The Gospel might offend the nonbeliever, but it has the power to save and transform Acts 17 Introduction In this phase of the second missionary journey, we see the Gospel brought to Thessalonica, Berea,
More informationGREAT PHILOSOPHERS Philosophy 125C. Section 01 Fall 2006 Tuesdays and Thursdays, 11:30-1:00 Duncker 101. Instructors
GREAT PHILOSOPHERS Philosophy 125C. Section 01 Fall 2006 Tuesdays and Thursdays, 11:30-1:00 Duncker 101 Instructors Mr. Eric Brown Wilson 213 Thursdays, 1:30-3:00, 935-4257 eabrown@wustl.edu Mr. David
More informationThe Great Greek Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle [Kindle Edition] By Samuel G. Goodrich READ ONLINE
The Great Greek Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle [Kindle Edition] By Samuel G. Goodrich READ ONLINE If looking for the ebook The Great Greek Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle [Kindle
More informationNaturalist Cognitivism: The Open Question Argument; Subjectivism
Naturalist Cognitivism: The Open Question Argument; Subjectivism Felix Pinkert 103 Ethics: Metaethics, University of Oxford, Hilary Term 2015 Introducing Naturalist Realist Cognitivism (a.k.a. Naturalism)
More informationThe Divine Command Theory
University of Denver From the SelectedWorks of Corey A Ciocchetti 2007 The Divine Command Theory Corey A Ciocchetti, University of Denver Available at: https://works.bepress.com/corey_ciocchetti/13/ The
More informationEuthyphro 1. by Plato. Persons of the Dialogue: SOCRATES EUTHYPHRO
Euthyphro 1 by Plato Persons of the Dialogue: SOCRATES EUTHYPHRO Setting: [ ] Socrates and Euthyphro have met one another on the Porch of King Archon. Euthyphro has just acknowledged having entered into
More informationChristian Ethics. How Should We Live?
Christian Ethics. How Should We Live? 4. The Divine Command Theory Sunday, June 5, 2005 9 to 9:50 am, in the Parlor. Everyone is welcome! Praise to you, God, for all your work among us. Yours is the vigor
More informationGovernment 203 Political Theorists and Their Theories: Plato Spring Semester 2010 Clark University
Government 203 Political Theorists and Their Theories: Plato Spring Semester 2010 Clark University Jefferson 400 Friday, 1:25-4:15 Professor Robert Boatright JEF 313A; (508) 793-7632 Office Hours: Wed.
More informationIntro to Philosophy, SUM 2011 Benjamin Visscher Hole IV
Intro to Philosophy, SUM 2011 Benjamin Visscher Hole IV Φιλοσοφία Philos + Sophia Love of Wisdom Historical Contemporary Socrates: The unexamined life is not worth living Philosophy is thinking in slow
More informationPlato s Republic Book 3&4. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Plato s Republic Book 3&4 Instructor: Jason Sheley What do we want out of a theory of Justice, anyway? The Trolley Problem The trolley problem: A trolley is running out of control down a track. In its
More informationEdinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer Review of Remembering Socrates: Philosophical Essays Citation for published version: Mason, A 2007, 'Review of Remembering Socrates: Philosophical Essays' Notre Dame Philosophical
More informationCommentary on Yunis. Adam Beresford. I find myself in complete agreement with this very helpful exposition of the Phaedrus. It
1 Commentary on Yunis Adam Beresford I find myself in complete agreement with this very helpful exposition of the Phaedrus. It will not be my aim here to make any substantial criticism of the exegesis
More information24.00: Problems of Philosophy Prof. Sally Haslanger November 16, 2005 Moral Relativism
24.00: Problems of Philosophy Prof. Sally Haslanger November 16, 2005 Moral Relativism 1. Introduction Here are four questions (of course there are others) we might want an ethical theory to answer for
More informationPhilosophy 1100 Introduction to Ethics
Philosophy 1100 Introduction to Ethics Ethics, Philosophy, Religion, and Critical Thinking An Overview of the Introductory Material: The Main Topics 1. The Origin of Philosophy 2. Ethics as a Branch of
More informationPhil Aristotle. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Phil 290 - Aristotle Instructor: Jason Sheley To sum up the method 1) Human beings are naturally curious. 2) We need a place to begin our inquiry. 3) The best place to start is with commonly held beliefs.
More informationChapter 2 Ethical Concepts and Ethical Theories: Establishing and Justifying a Moral System
Chapter 2 Ethical Concepts and Ethical Theories: Establishing and Justifying a Moral System Ethics and Morality Ethics: greek ethos, study of morality What is Morality? Morality: system of rules for guiding
More information(P420-1) Practical Reason in Ancient Greek and Contemporary Philosophy. Spring 2018
(P420-1) Practical Reason in Ancient Greek and Contemporary Philosophy Course Instructor: Spring 2018 NAME Dr Evgenia Mylonaki EMAIL evgenia_mil@hotmail.com; emylonaki@dikemes.edu.gr HOURS AVAILABLE: 12:40
More informationOsprey Publishing
Contents Introduction 4 The Land of Atlantis 10 Politics and Power 25 Rival Nations 38 The First Atlantean Wars 44 Resistance and Counter-Attack 58 The Aftermath 74 Select Bibliography 80 Introduction:
More informationIntroductory Matters
1 Introductory Matters The readings in this section take up some topics that set the stage for discussion to follow. The first addresses the value of philosophy, the second the nature of truth, and the
More informationKripke s Naming and Necessity. The Causal Picture of Reference
Kripke s Naming and Necessity Lecture Four The Causal Picture of Reference Rob Trueman rob.trueman@york.ac.uk University of York Introduction The Causal Picture of Reference Introduction The Links in a
More informationWhy Study Philosophy? One thing I can say without a doubt is that almost every philosophy major has
Why Study Philosophy? Julia de Lorimier SCU Class of 2015 January 11, 2013 Allen Sanford Award One thing I can say without a doubt is that almost every philosophy major has experienced that question which
More informationSocrates. Already well known by 423 (Arist. Clouds)
Socrates and Plato Socrates ca. 470 399 BC. Son of Sophroniscus and Phaenarete Not an aristocrat: mother was a midwife, father a stone mason Potidaea (432); Delium (424) Self taught Sought wisdom through
More informationSPRING 2014 UNDERGRADUATE COURSE OFFERINGS
SPRING 2014 UNDERGRADUATE COURSE OFFERINGS APHI 110 - Introduction to Philosophical Problems (#2318) TuTh 11:45AM 1:05PM Location: HU- 20 Instructor: Daniel Feuer This course is an introduction to philosophy
More informationCAN WE HAVE MORALITY WITHOUT GOD AND RELIGION?
CAN WE HAVE MORALITY WITHOUT GOD AND RELIGION? Stephen Law It s widely held that morality requires both God and religion. Without God to lay down moral rules, talk of right and wrong can reflect nothing
More informationDefining Relativism Ethical Relativism is the view that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends partially upon the beliefs and culture of the
Ethical Relativism Defining Relativism Ethical Relativism is the view that the rightness or wrongness of an action depends partially upon the beliefs and culture of the person doing the action Cultural
More informationREVELATION UNDERSTAND. You Can. the Book of A CLEAR GUIDE TO INTERPRETING PROPHECY
You Can UNDERSTAND the Book of REVELATION A CLEAR GUIDE TO INTERPRETING PROPHECY Delightful and well-written. I wish everyone writing on Revelation was as thoughtful and clear. You even improved on my
More informationWhy study The Holy Spirit?
Why study The Holy Spirit? Receive the Holy Spirit John 20 v 22 You may have heard a lot about the Holy Spirit or very little. Are you fascinated by what appears to be on offer from those who claim to
More informationCHAPTER 9 DIAGRAMMING DEBATES. What You ll Learn in this Chapter
1 CHAPTER 9 DIAGRAMMING DEBATES What You ll Learn in this Chapter So far, we ve learned how to analyze and evaluate arguments as they stand alone. Frequently, however, arguments are interrelated, with
More informationWe recommend you cite the published version. The publisher s URL is:
Cole, P. (2014) Reactions & Debate II: The Ethics of Immigration - Carens and the problem of method. Ethical Perspectives, 21 (4). pp. 600-607. ISSN 1370-0049 Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/27941
More informationAdapted from The Academic Essay: A Brief Anatomy, for the Writing Center at Harvard University by Gordon Harvey. Counter-Argument
Adapted from The Academic Essay: A Brief Anatomy, for the Writing Center at Harvard University by Gordon Harvey Counter-Argument When you write an academic essay, you make an argument: you propose a thesis
More informationThe Religious and the Just in Plato's Euthyphro
Ancient Philosophy 5 Mathesis Publications, Inc. 41 The Religious and the Just in Plato's Euthyphro William S. Cobb Many traditional perplexities about Plato's dialogues can be resolved by taking the dialogue
More informationThe Socratic Turn. A Broad Torpedo Fish
The Socratic Turn A Broad Torpedo Fish The Socratic Turn Socrates issues in a new phase of philosophy, issuing in the analytical impulse: He poses a simple, disarming question: What is F-ness? This question
More informationPhilosophy. The unexamined life is not worth living. Plato. O More College of Design Mission Statement
Philosophy The unexamined life is not worth living. Plato Spring 2017 Wednesdays 5:00 7:40 pm Dr. Clancy Smith clancysmith@omorecollege.edu O More College of Design Mission Statement O More College of
More information7 Essential Universal Laws for Creating a Successful, Fulfilling and Happy Life
7 Essential Universal Laws for Creating a Successful, Fulfilling and Happy Life An Introductory Guide By Valerie Hardware Potential Unlimited 2015 All rights reserved There are seven primary spiritual
More informationCritical Thinking: Present, Past and Future 5 April, 2015
Critical Thinking: Present, Past and Future 5 April, 2015 V1 1 Critical Thinking: Present, Past & Future Milo Schield Augsburg College April 5, 2015 St. Paul Critical Thinking Club www.statlit.org/pdf/2015-schield-ctc-slides1.pdf
More informationSocrates was born around 470/469 BC in Alopeke, a suburb of Athens but, located outside the wall, and belonged to the tribe Antiochis.
SOCRATES Greek philosopher Who was Socrates? Socrates was born around 470/469 BC in Alopeke, a suburb of Athens but, located outside the wall, and belonged to the tribe Antiochis. His father was a sculptor
More information4AANA001 Greek Philosophy I Syllabus Academic year 2013/14
4AANA001 Greek Philosophy I Syllabus Academic year 2013/14 Basic information Credits: 15 Module Tutor: Dr Joachim Aufderheide Office: 706 Consultation time: Wednesdays 12-1 Semester: 1 Lecture time and
More informationNOTES ON WILLIAMSON: CHAPTER 11 ASSERTION Constitutive Rules
NOTES ON WILLIAMSON: CHAPTER 11 ASSERTION 11.1 Constitutive Rules Chapter 11 is not a general scrutiny of all of the norms governing assertion. Assertions may be subject to many different norms. Some norms
More informationJustice and the fair innings argument. Dr Tom Walker Queen s University Belfast
Justice and the fair innings argument Dr Tom Walker Queen s University Belfast Outline 1. What is the fair innings argument? 2. Can it be defended against its critics? 3. What are the implications of this
More informationappearance is often different from reality, and it s reality that counts.
Relativism Appearance vs. Reality Philosophy begins with the realisation that appearance is often different from reality, and it s reality that counts. Parmenides and others were maybe hyper Parmenides
More informationPHIL 011: Introduction to Philosophy
General Information PHIL 011: Introduction to Philosophy Term: 2018 Summer Session Class Sessions Per Week: 5 Instructor: Staff Total Weeks: 4 Language of Instruction: English Total Class Sessions: 20
More informationThe Trolley Problem. 1. The Trolley Problem: Consider the following pair of cases:
The Trolley Problem 1. The Trolley Problem: Consider the following pair of cases: Trolley: There is a runaway trolley barreling down the railway tracks. Ahead, on the tracks, there are five people. The
More informationPLATO. Five Dialogues. Second Edition. Euthyphro Apology Crito Meno Phaedo. Translated by G. M. A. GRUBE. Revised by JOHN M.
PLATO Five Dialogues Second Edition Euthyphro Apology Crito Meno Phaedo Translated by G. M. A. GRUBE Revised by JOHN M. COOPER Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Indianapolis/Cambridge EUTHYPHRO Euthyphro
More informationPhilosophy (30) WINTER 2005
Philosophy 34-110 (30) WINTER 2005 I. Course Units A) Plato (427-347 B.C.) Jan. 10-Feb. 7 B) Karl Marx (1818-83) Feb. 7-21 C) René Descartes (1596-1650) March 7-28 D) Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80) March.
More informationChapter 1 Foundations
Chapter 1 Foundations Imagine this scenario: You have just passed your driver s test, and you are now the proud owner of a license. You are excited about your new freedom and can t wait to go out on the
More informationXi an Jiaotong University
General Information: Xi an Jiaotong University School of Management Course Code: PHIL 011 Course Name: Introduction to Philosophy Term: 2018 Summer Session Instructor: Staff Class Sessions Per Week: 5
More informationAgreat trouble for lovers of Socrates is the fact that one of the
Aporia Vol. 15 number 1 2005 Obedience to the State in the Crito and the Apology KYLE DINGMAN Agreat trouble for lovers of Socrates is the fact that one of the central claims espoused in the Crito the
More informationWhat is Freedom? Should Socrates be Set Free? Plato s Crito
What is Freedom? Should Socrates be Set Free? Plato s Crito Quick Review of the Apology SGD of DQs Side 1: Questions 1 through 3 / Side 2: Questions 4 through 6 What is the major / provocative takeaway?
More informationPHIL 1006 Philosophy and Cultural Diversity Spring 2014
PHIL 1006 Philosophy and Cultural Diversity Spring 2014 Instructor: Naomi Scheman TA: The word philosophy means lots of different things, depending on the context. Our context is an academic department
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Introduction to Philosophy Instructor: Jason Sheley Quiz True or False? 1. Descartes believes that the possibility of veridical dreams undermines our faith in our senses. 2. Descartes believes that the
More informationLists in the Meno and the Euthyphro
UNIVERSITY OF TARTU INSTITUTE OF PHILOSOPHY AND SEMIOTICS Mark Hallap Lists in the Meno and the Euthyphro Bachelor Thesis Supervisors Riin Sirkel (PhD) Toomas Lott (PhD) Tartu 2015 Table of Contents Introduction...
More informationScene The Prison of Socrates
Crito By Plato Translated by Benjamin Jowett Persons of the Dialogue SOCRATES CRITO Scene The Prison of Socrates. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Socrates. WHY have
More information