Communicative Rationality and Deliberative Democracy of Jlirgen Habermas: Toward Consolidation of Democracy in Africa

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1 Ukoro Theophilus Igwe Communicative Rationality and Deliberative Democracy of Jlirgen Habermas: Toward Consolidation of Democracy in Africa A 2005/6523 LIT

2 Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I II GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. PREAMBLE VIII 2. SITUATING HABERMAS'S PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT IX 3. METHODOLOGY XIX PART ONE: 1 HABERMAS AND THE DIALECTIC OF MODERNITY 1 CHAPTER ONE: 2 REBELLION AGAINST ENLIGHTENMENT LEGACY AND FAREWELL TO REASON PREAMBLE CRITIQUE OF THE 19th CENTURY ANSWER TO THE QUESTION OF ENLIGHTENMENT LEGACY AND MODERNITY FOUCAULT AND THE BLACKMAIL OF ENLIGHTENMENT I FOUCAULT'S BASIC CLAIMS IN WHAT IS ENLIGHTENMENT? THE OBJECTIONS AGAINST FOUCAULT DISPUTES AGAINST REASON A CRITIQUE OF CONDORCET'S TESTAMENT TO THE FUTURE CRITIQUE OF WEBER'S CHILLING PROGNOSIS CRITIQUE OF ADORNO'S NEGATIVE DIALECTIC CRITIQUE OF HEIDEGGER'S ONTOLOGICAL RENDERING OF REASON 23 CHAPTER TWO: 34 HABERMAS'S COMMLINICATIVE USE OF LANGUAGE PREAMBLE HUMBOLDT'S CONSTITUTIVE DIMENSION OF LANGUAGE THE RADICALISATION OF LANGUAGE CONCEPT HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF LANGUAGE HABERMAS CONFRONTS OTHER HERMENEUTICS THE CONDITIONS OF THE POSSIBILITY HABERMAS'S EXPLICIT ATTACK A REDEFINITION OF THE INTERNAL RELATION HABERMAS'S PROJECT OF FORMAL PRAGMATICS THE DOUBLE STRUCTURE OF SPEECH WHY A THEORY OF LANGUAGE IN GENERAL THE BASIC PREMISES OF THE CONCEPTION OF LANGUAGE POSSIBILITY OF JUSTIFYING THE INTERNAL CONNECTION THE STRUCTURAL SHORTCOMINGS OF FORMAL PRAGMATICS AN IDEALISED FORMAL PRAGMATICS THE FORMAL PRAGMATICS OF SUBJECT-SUBJECT RELATIONS TOWARD A RECONSTRUCTED FORMAL PRAGMATICS 75 VIII

3 IV CHAPTER THREE: 88 THE CRITICAL THRUST OF HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF COMMLINICATIVE RATIONALITY PREAMBLE A POSTMETAPHYSICAL YET NONDEFEATIST CONCEPTION OF REASON FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMETAPHYSICAL THINKING COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY AS NONDEFEATIST HABERMAS'S UNFINISHED PROJECT OF MODERNITY HEGEL'S PARAMETERS OF MODERNITY NIETZSCHE'S RADICAL CHALLENGE TO THE DISCOURSE OF MODERNITY CRITIQUE OF THE OBJECTIVE CHARACTER OF SCIENCE THE PATHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF MODERN SOCIETIES THE COLONISATION OF THE LIFEWORLD THE CULTURAL IMPOVERISHMENT OF THE LIFEWORLD THE CRITICAL THRUST 129 PART TWO: 136 HABERMAS'S COMMUNICATIVE POLITICS 136 CHAPTER FOUR: 137 HABERMAS'S PROCEDURALIST LEGAL PARADIGM PREAMBLE THE EVOLUTION OF HABERMAS'S LEGAL THEORY SOCIOLEGAL INTERACT1ONIST CONCEPT OF THE PRODUCTION OF LAW HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF THE PRODUCTION OF LAW THE FOUR EVOLUTIONARY STAGES THE PROBLEMS OF LEGITIMATION OF LEGAL NORMS DELINEATION OF HABERMAS'S CONCEPT POINTS OF CONVERGENCE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN LEGITIMACY AND COMMUNICATION DEMOCRATIC THRUST OF HABERMAS'S PHILOSOPHY OF LAW THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FACTICITY AND VALIDITY HABERMAS'S MEDIATION HABERMAS'S ATTEMPT TO ANSWER THE QUESTION ON THE QUESTION OF LAW AND POWER RATIONALITY PROBLEM AND LAW LAW AND POLITICAL DEMOCRACY HABERMASIAN LAW-MAKING IN MODERN DEMOCRATIC STATE JUDICIARY AND LEGISLATION THE DELIBERATIVE PARADIGM A CRITIQUE 182 CHAPTER FIVE: 190 MODEL OF THE PROCEDURALIST DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY PREAMBLE EARLIER TRENDS IN THE REVIVAL OF DELIBERATIVE MODELS OF DEMOCRACY 192

4 5. 2 CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY HISTORICAL UNDERPINNINGS CRITICAL INTERVENTION OF HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF PUBLIC SPHERE AND DEMOCRACY GENESIS OF THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE CRITICAL DEBATES ON THE PUBLIC SPHERE HABERMAS'S MODEL THE CONTROVERSIES DOES DEMOCRACY NEED FOUNDATION? THE QUESTION OF LIBERAL NEUTRALITY THE RELATION BETWEEN REASON AND POLITICS SOME PROCESS AND NECESSARY CONDITIONS 225 CHAPTER SIX: 236 THE NORMATIVE FOUNDATION OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY PREAMBLE PUBLIC REASON APPROACH ALTERNATIVE APPROACH HIERARCHICAL ACCOUNT OF AUTONOMY CAPABLE OF SUPPLEMENTING ONE ANOTHER HABERMAS'S CONCEPT OF RULE OF LAW THE PROBLEMATIC OF CIVIL SOCIETY DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY ETHICAL DELIBERATION THE DIALECTIC SYSTEM OF BASIC RIGHTS CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED SOME MODIFICATIONS : 274 CHAPTER SEVEN: 284 COMMUNICATIVE POWER AND THE RETRIEVAL OF THE DEMOCRATIC ETHOS PREAMBLE COMMLINICATIVE FREEDOM AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY POLITICAL POWER AND THE EROSION OF THE FEUDAL-CATHOLIC EUROPEAN COMMUNITY THE UNFUFILLED PROMISES OF LAW POLITICAL POWER AND ITS RELATION TO THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LAW THE CHARACTER OF HABERMAS'S NOTION OF COMMLINICATIVE 297 POWER THREE THREATS TO THE CONTINUITY OF COMMUNICATIVE POWER THE "NEGATIVE" OR OBLIGATORY ASPECT THE EMPOWERING ASPECT RETHINKING DISCOURSE ETHICS THE RETRIEVAL OF DEMOCRATIC ETHOS PROBLEMS ARISING FROM HABERMAS'S DISCOURSE THEORY A CRUCIAL AMBIGUITY IN HABERMAS'S UNDERSTANDING CRITIQUE OF HABERMAS'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE ETHICAL PRESUPPOSITIONS OF REPUPLICANISM CRITIQUE OF HABERMAS'S INSISTENCE ON THE "PURITY" OF DISCOURSE THEORY 316

5 VI CRITIQUE OF HABERMAS'S DISTINCTIVE MEANING OF "ETHICS" RELATION OF LAW TO MORALITY THE QUESTION OF DEMOCRATIC ETHOS THE FRUITFULNESS OF HABERMAS'S DISCURSIVE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY CRITICAL OBJECTIONS OF THE DISCURSIVE PERSPECTIVE THE GROWING GAP BETWEEN CITIZENS AND POLITICS 331 PART THREE: 342 AN ATTEMPT TO PLACE HABERMAS IN AFRICA 342 CHAPTER EIGHT: 343 ANAMNESTIC RATIONALITY: AFRICAN PHILOSOPHERS' CRY OF HOPE PREAMBLE ANAMNESTIC SOLIDARITY: THE CRITICAL THEORIST AS WITNESS CRITIQUE OF THE ROLE OF EUROPEANS IN AFRICA AFRICA'S EXPERIENCE OF THE AGE OF EUROPE THE IMPACT OF COLONIALISM IN AFRICA CRITIQUE OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL PREJUDICES AGAINST AFRICANS CONTRADICTION AT THE HEART OF EUROPEAN MODERNITY THE COST OF OCCIDENTAL MODERNITY TO AFRICA CRITIQUE OF EUROCENTRISM GENERAL THEMATIC CONTENT OF THE CRITIQUE HOW EUROPE INVENTED OTHER REALITIES CRITICAL EXPLORATION OF KANT'S PHILOSOPHY OF RACE CRITIQUE OF KANT'S CONCEPTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY CRITIQUE OF KANT'S CONCEPT OF HUMANITY HOW KANT LEGITIMATES THE DE FACTO GLOBALISATION OF EUROPE THE CRITICAL THRUST OF ANAMNESTIC RATIONALITY 382 CHAPTER NINE: 392 A CONTINENT HAUNTED BY HER PAST: TOWARD CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA PREAMBLE RENAISSANCE OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA THE CRUSADE CRITIQUE OF THE IMPEDIMENENTS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF AFRICAN DEMOCRATIC GENRE PECULIARITY OF AFRICAN POLITICS CONDITIONS FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF THE CONSOLIDATION ECONOMIC REFORMS IN AFRICA FRAMEWORK FOR MEANINGFUL ECONOMIC REFORM CRITIQUE OF THE ECONOMIC REFORM PROGRAMME IS SAP AN IRRATIONAL CALCULUS? EFFECTIVE CONSTITUTIONAL DISCOURSE CONSTITUTIONAL MAINTENANCE AND FEDERALISM AFRICA'S TRANSITION AND CONSTITUTION MAKING DEMOCRATIC DISCOURSE AND CIVIL SOCIETY EMERGENCE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN AFRICA CIVIL SOCIETY AS MIDWIFE OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA 428

6 VII DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN AFRICA NOW OR NEVER 429 GENERAL EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION 436 I. PREAMBLE 436 II. PARADOX OF COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY 437 III. THE PROBLEMATIC OF DEMOCRACY AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE 439 IV. DILEMMA OF THE LINGUISTIC TURN 441 V. CONCLUSION 446 BIBLIOGRAPHY SELECTED WORKS OF HABERMAS's WRITINGS 451 I. PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS BY HABERMAS IN GERMAN 451 II. PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS BY HABERMAS IN ENGLISH OTHER WORKS SELECTED ARTICLES 469