State Eligibility Test MP SET 2018 [Code No. 14] PHILOSOPHY Syllabus Paper-II

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1 Note:- State Eligibility Test MP SET 2018 [Code No. 14] PHILOSOPHY Syllabus Paper-II Paper-II (Covering entire syllabi of earlier Paper-II & Paper-III, including all Core Group, Electives, without options). The Paper- II will have 100 Multiple Type Questions (Multiple Choice, Matching Type, True/False and Assertion-Reasoning Type) and all are compulsory. Each Question will carry two marks Total marks of Paper - II will be 200 marks. Paper-II (Covering entire syllabi of earlier Paper-II & Paper-III, including all Core Group, Electives, without options) PAPER II 1. Classical Indian Philosophy Vedic and Upanisadic world-views : Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of yajna (sacrifice), the concept of rnaduty/obligation; theories of creation Atman-Self (and not-self), jagrat, svapna, susupti and turiya, Brahaman, sreyas and preyas Karma, samsara, moksa Carvaka : Pratyaksa as the only pramana, critique of anumana and sabda, rejection of non-material entities and of dharma and moksa Jainism : Concept of reality-sat, dravya, guna, paryaya, jiva, ajiva, anekantavada, syadvada and nayavada; theory of knowledge; bondage and liberation Buddhism : Four noble truths, astangamarga, nirvana, madhyam pratipad, pratityasamutpada, ksanbhangavada, anatmavada Schools of Buddhism : Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara and Madhyamika Nyaya : Prama and aprama, pramanya and apramanya; pramana : pratyaksa, nirvikalpaka, savikalpaka, laukika and alaukika; anumana : anvayavyatireka, lingaparamarsa, vyapti; classification : vyaptigrahopayas, hetvabhasa, upamana; sabda ; Sakti, laksana, akanksa, yogyata, sannidhi and tatparya, concept of God, arguments for the existence of God, adrsta, nihsryeasa Vaisesika : Concepts of padartha, dravya, guna, karma, samanya, samavaya, visesa, abhava, causation : Asatkaryavada, samavayi, asamavayi nimitta karana, paramanuvada, adrsta, nihsryeas Samkhya : Satkaryavada, prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of prakrti, nature of purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of purusa relationship between puruasa and prakrti, kaivalya, atheism Yoga : Patanjali s concept of citta and citta-vrtti, eight-fold path of yoga, the role of God in yoga. 1

2 Purva-Mimamsa Sruti and its importance, atheism of purvamimamsa, classification of srutivakyas, vidhi, nisedha and arthavada, dharma, bhavana, sabdanityavada, jatisaktivada Kumarila and Prabhakara Schools of mimamsa and their major points of difference, triputi-samvit, jnatata, abhava and anupalabdhi, anvitabhidhanavada, abihitanvayavada Vedanta Advaita-Rejection of difference : Adhyasa, maya, three grades of satta, jiva, jivanmukti, vivartavada Visistadvaita : Saguna Brahman, refutation of maya, aprthaksiddhi, parinamavada, jiva, bhakti and prapatti Dvaita-Rejection of nirguna Brahman and maya, bheda and saksi, bhakti 2. Modern Indian Philosophy Vivekananda-Practical Vedanta, universal religion Aurobindo-Evolution, mind and supermind, integral yoga Iqbal-Self, God, man and superman Tagore-Religion of man, ideas on education K. C. Bhattacharyya-Concept of philosophy, subject as freedom, the doctrine of maya. Radhakrishnan-Intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life J. Krishnamurti-Freedom from the known, analysis of self Gandhi-Non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of modern civilization Ambedkar-Varna and the caste system, Neo-Buddhism 3. Classical Western Philosophy Early Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus and Democritus The Sophits and Socrates Plato-Theory of knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa), theory of Ideas, the method of dialectic, soul and God Aristotle-Classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive (theoria, praxis, techne), logic as an organon, critique of Plato s theory of Ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentially and actually, soul and God Medieval Philosophy St. Augstine- Problem of evil St. Anselm-Ontological argument St. Thomas Aquinas-Faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God 4. Modern Western Philosoph Rationalism Descartes : Conception of method and the need for method in philosophy, clarity and distinctness as the criterion of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, the cogito- 2

3 intuition or inference? Innate ideas, the real distinction between mind and matter, role of God, proofs for the existence of God, mind-body interactionalism Spinoza : Substance, Attributes and Mode, the concept of God or Nature, the mindbody problem, pantheism, three orders of knowing Leibniz : Monadology, truths of reason and truths of fact, innateness of all ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom and philosophy Empiricism Locke : Ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge, theory of substances, distinction between primary and secondary qualities Berkeley : Rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipsism; God and self Hume : Impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, reason and the passions Critical Philosophy and After Kant : The critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgement, the Conpernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding, the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction off the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the Ideas of Reason-soul, God and world as a whole, freedom and immortality, rejection of speculative metaphyiscs Hegel : The conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, nonbeing and becoming, absolute idealism Nietzsche : Critique of western culture, will to power Moore : Refutation of idealism, defence of commonsense, philosophy and analysis Russell : Refutation of idealism, logic as the essence of philosophy, logical atomism Wittgenstein : Language and reality, facts and objects, names and propositions, the picture theory, philosophy and language, meaning and use, forms of life Husserl : The Husserlian method, intertionality Heidegger : Being and technological civilization nothingness, man as being- in-the-world, critique of Logical Positivism : The verifiability theory of meaning, the verification principle, rejection of metaphysics, unity of science C. S. Pierce and William James : Pragmatic theories of meaning and truth G. Ryle : Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism 3

4 Unit - I Unit - II Unit - III Unit - IV Unit - V Vyavaharika and Paramarthika Satta Nitya and anitya Dravya Karanata Akasa, Dik and Kala Samanya and Sambandha Cit, Acit and Atman Appearance and reality Being and becoming Causality, Space and Time Matter, Mind and Self Substance and Universals The problem of personal identity Prama Kinds of Pramanas Khyativada Pramanyavada PAPER - III PAPER - III (A) [CORE GROUP] Anvitabhidhanavada and Abhihitanvayavada Sabdagraha Definition of knowledge Ways of knowing Theories of error Theories of truth Belief and scepticism Problem of induction Concept of Pratyaksa in Nyaya Concept of Pratyaksa in Buddhism Concept of Pratyaksa in Samkara Vedanta Nature and kinds of Anumana Definition and Nature of Vyapti 4

5 Hetvabhasas Unit - VI Rna and Rta Purusarthas, Svadharma Varnadharma and Asramadharma Niskamakarma and Lokasamgraha Pancasila and Triratnas Brahamaviharas Unit - VII Good, right, justice Duty and obligation Cardinal virtues Eudaemonism Freedom and responsibility Crime and punishment Unit - VIII Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism Ethical realism and intuitionism Kant s moral theory Kinds of utilitarianism Human rights and social disparities Feminism Unit - IX Truth and validity Nature of propositions Categorical syllogism Laws of thought Classification of propositions Square of opposition Unit - X Truth-functions and propositional logic Quantification and rules of quantification Decision procedures Proving validity Argument and Argument - form Axiomatic system, consistency, completeness 5

6 Elective I Elective II PAPER - III (B) [ELECTIVE / OPTIONAL] [Candidates will be expected to be familiar with the main tenets and practices of the following groups of religions : (1) Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism; (2) Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam; (3) tribal religions of India] Possibility and need of comparative religion, commonality and differences among religions, the nature of inter-religious dialogue and understanding, religious experience, modes of understanding the divine, the theory of liberation, the means for attaining liberation, the God-man relation in religions, world-views (Weltanschaunngen) in religions, immortality, the doctrine of incarnation and prophethood, religious hermeneutics, religion and moral social values, religion and secular society General : The linguistic turn and the conception of philosophy Problems : Elective III Elective IV Semantics : Frege s distinction between sense and reference, concepts and objects, related problems and their proposed solutions : (a) identity, (b) negative existentials, (c) indirect speech, (d) propositional attitudes, the meaning and role of singular terms : (a) Proper names, (b) definite descriptions, (c) demonstratives and other indexicals; the relation between meaning and truth, holistic and atomistic approach to meaning, what is a theory of meaning? Pragmatics : Meaning and use; speech acts [The above problem areas require candidate s familiarity with the works of Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Austin, Quine, Strawson, Davidson, Dummett and Searle.] [The purpose here is to assess the candidate s acquaintance with the central concepts in phenomenology and hermeneutics] Phenomenology as an approach to the understanding of the human condition, consciousness and intentionality, phenomenology and solipsism, the life-world (Lebenswelt), interpretation, understanding and the human sciences, the idea of the text, conflict of interpretation and the possibilities of agreement, culture, situatedness and interpretation [This covers Vedanta philosophy with special reference to five main acharyas viz. Sankara, Ramanuja, Madhava, Nimbarka and Vallabha, The purpose is to test the candidate s acquaintance with Vedanta philosophy in its rich divergent forms] Sources, general features, similarities and differences, Brahman : Definition and interpretations, distinction between saguna and nirguna and its relevance in the formation of different schools of Vedanta, maya : Its nature, arguments for and against maya, atman : Its nature, relation between atman and Brahman; jiva; interpretation of mahavakyas, e.g. tat tvam asi, moksa : Nature and types, marga or sadhana, roles played by jnana, karma and bhakti, different conceptions of bhakti, theories of causation, Brahman as the cause 6

7 Elective V of the world : Different interpretations, prama, pramanas, special role played by sabda pramana and intuition (saksatkara/ aparoksanubhuti), theories of khyatis [The intention here is to explore the availability of Gandhian ideas in the central debates in philosophy] Conceptions of knowledge, truth and love and their relationship, language, understanding and culture, engagement with tradition, self, world and God, woman, sexuality and brahamacharya, moral foundations of good life : Dharma, swaraj, satyagraha and ahimsa, community and fellowship; the good society : statelessness, trusteeship, sarvodaya, panchayati raj, religion, tapasya, service, means-end relationship, Gandhi and the Gandhians : break, continuity and innovation *** 7

8 jkt; ik=rk ijh{kk e-ç- lsv & 2018 ¼dksM u-%& 14½ ikb;øe Á & f}rh; ikb~; fooj.k fvii.kh %& ;w-th-lh- ds uohu funsz'kkuqlkj iwoz ds ikb~;øe ds Á & II,oa Á & III ¼lHkh d j fohkkx],sfpnd@ osdfyid lfgr½ dk leiw.kz ikb~;øe gh Á i= & f}rh; dk ikb~;øe gksxka leiw.kz ikb~;øe esa ls dqy 100 cgqfodyih; Á'u ¼cgqfodYih; VkbZi] lqesfyr VkbZi] lr;@vlkr;] dfku&dkj.k VkbZi½ jgsxsa rfkk lhkh Á'u vfuok;z gksaxs] ÁR;sd Á'u 02 vadksa dk gksxka bl izdkj leiw.kz ikb~;øze ls dqy 200 vad dk Á'u i= & f}rh; gksxka 1- Á & f}rh; ¼Á'u i= & II,oa Á'u i= & III dk leiw.kz ikb~;øe lhkh d j fohkkx],sfpnd@ osdfyid lfgr½ ç u&i= & II osfnd,oa vksifu"kn~ fo'o&n`f"v ( _r&fo oo;olfkk nsoh,oa ekuoh; {ks=( ;K lalfkku dh dsuæhhkwrrk] +_.k dh vo/kkj.kk& vkrek,oa vukrek] tkxzr] LoIu] lq"kqfir rfkk rqjh;] czã] Js;% rfkk çs;% dez] lalkj] eks{k pkokzd % çr;{kek= çek.k] vuqeku rfkk 'kcn dh leh{kk] vhkksfrd inkfkksza] /kez rfkk eks{k dk fujkdj.k tsu n kzu % olrq dh vo/kkj.kk&lr~] æo;] xq.k] i;kz;] tho] vtho] vusdkurokn] L;k}kn vksj u;okn( Kkuehekalk] cu/k,oa eks{k cks)/kez % pkj vk;z lr;] v"vkaxekxz] fuokz.k] e/;e çfrin] çrhr;leqrikn] {k.khkaxokn] vukreokn cks)n'kzu ds leçnk; % oshkkf"kd] lks=kfurd] ;ksxkpkj rfkk ek/;fed U;k; % çek rfkk vçek] çkek.;,oa vçkek.; % çek.k % çr;{k] fufozdyid] lfodyid] yksfdd vksj vyksfdd( vuqeku % kz] O;kfIr] oxhzdj.k% O;kfIrxzgksik;] gsrokhkkl] oj dh vflrroflf) ds fy, ;qfä;k ] vn`"v] fu%js;l ksf"kd % inkfkksz a dh vo/kkj.kk] æo;] xq.k] dez] lkeku;] leok;] fo ks"k] vhkko] dkj.krk % vlrdk;zokn] leokf/k] vleokf/k ijek.kqokn, vn`"v] fu%js;l lka[; % lrdk;zokn] ç fr vksj mlds ifj.kke] ç fr dh vflrroflf) ds fy, ;qfä;k ] iq#"k dk Lo:i vflrro vksj cgqro ds fy, ;qfdr;k ] iq#"k vksj ç ojokn ;ksx % Hkwfedk ;ksx dk v"vkaxekxz] ;ksx esa bz oj dh 8

9 iwozehekalk Jqfr rfkk mldk ehekalk ds dqekfjy,oa çhkkdj leçnk; rfkk muds çeq[k erhksn] f=iqvh&lafor~ Kkrrk] vhkko vksj vuqiyfc/k] vfuorkfhk/kkuokn] vfhkfgrkuo;okn osnkur v}sr % Hksn fujkl }Sr % fuxqz.k czã,oa ek;k dk fujkdj.k] Hksn rfkk lk{kh] Hkfä 2- vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; fpurd foosdkuun % O;kogkfjd osnkur] lkozhkkse /kez vjfoun % fodkl] eu vksj vfreu lexz ;ksx ] thoueqfä] foorzokn k 3- fopkj ds- lhjk/kk ts- ".kewfrz % Ks;Lokra«Ó xk /kh % vfgalk] lr;kxzg] Lojkt] vk/kqfud lh;rk dh leh{kk vecsmdj % o.kz,oa tkfr O;oLFkk] uo;&cks)okn vk;ksfuvul] ik;fkkxksjl] ikjeukbml] gsjkfdyvl vksj MsekWfØVl lksfqlv vksj lqdjkr IysVks % Kkuehekalk] Kku (episteme) vksj er (doxa)] çr;; fl)kur] }U}kRedrk dh i)fr] vjlrw % Lo:i] IysVks ds çr;; fl)kur dh vkykspuk] dkj.krk fl)kur] vkdkj,oa tm+æo;] lahkko;rk 4- lsav vkwxlvhu % lsav vwulyse % lsav FkkWel vôsukl % cqf)okn MsdkrZ % dlksvh ds :i ;,oa la'k;okn] ^dksftvks*&var%çkk ;k vuqeku\ 9

10 ;qfä;k ] nsg&eu vurføz;kokn fliukstk % KkuçfØ;k ds rhu Lrj ykbcuht % eksusmksykwth ¼fpn.kqokn½] cqf) rfkk rf; fo"k;d lr;ksa esa Hksn] çr;;ksa dk tuetkr iwoz&lfkkfir lkeatl; dk fl)kur] Lokra«Ó vuqhkookn ykwd % çr;; rfkk mudk oxhzdj.k] tuetkr çr;;ksa dh vkykspuk] Kkuehekalk( Kku ds rhu Lrj] æo; fo"k;d fl)kur] çkfkfed rfkk xks.k xq.kksa esa Hksn cdzys % çkfkfed rfkk xks.k xq.kksa dk [k.mu] vhkksfrdokn] vewrz çr;;ksa dh vkykspuk] áwe % çr;;,oa laldkj] çr;;&fo"k;d lecu/k rfkk olrqflfkfr&fo"k;d lecu/k dk Kku] vkxeu rfkk dkj.krk] cká txr~,oa vkre] os;fäd rknkre;] rroehekalk dk [k.mu] vksj rnqijkur dkuv % dksifuzdh; Økafr] bafæ; vuqhko ds ek/;e] cqf) dh ewy /kkj.kk, ] çiapkred,oa ewy olrq, ] rf;,oa vejrk] ladyiukred gsxsy % vo/kkj.kk, ] fujis{k çr;;okn ewj % çr;;okn dk [k.mu] lkeku; le> jlsy % fov~xsulvkbzu % vksj Hkk"kk] 'kcnkfkz vksj mi;ksx] thou ds çdkj gqlyz % gqlyz dh ç.kkyh] fo"k;ksueq[krk ¼fo"k;kfHkxrrk ;k fcy is{krk½ gkbmsxj % vkykspuk rdhz; çr;;okn % vfkz dk lr;kiurk fl)kur] lr;kiu dk rro] rroehekalk dk [k.mu] fokkuksa dk,dhdj.k lh-,l- ihvlz vksj fofy;etsel % vfkz rfkk lr; ds vfkzfø;kred fl)kur th- jkby % Hkzked vfhko;fä;ksa dk fl)kur] Js.khijd Hkwy] eu dh vo/kkj.kk] MsdkVhZ; }Srokn dh vkykspuk ç'u&i= & III ç'u&i= & III (A) ¼dksj fohkkx½ bdkbz & I O;kogkfjd 10

11 fur;,oa vfur; æo; dkj.krk lkeku;,oa lecu/k fpr~] vfpr~ rfkk vkreu~ bdkbz & II vkhkkl vksj lr~ lr~,oa la?kvuk ¼fcdfeax½ tm+rro] eu ¼ekbUM½,oa vkre æo; rfkk lkeku; ¼lkoZHkkSe çr;;½ os;fäd rknkre; ¼ilZuy vkbmsuvhvh½ dh lel;k bdkbz & III çek çek.k ds çdkj [;kfrokn çkek.;okn vfuorkfhk/kkuokn,oa vfhkfgrkuo;okn 'kcnxzg bdkbz & IV Kku dh ifjhkk"kk Kku ds lk/ku HkzkfUr ds fl)kur lr; ds fl)kur bdkbz & V vkxeu dh lel;k U;k; esa çr;{k dh vo/kkj.kk 'kkadj osnkur esa çr;{k dh vo/kkj.kk vuqeku dk Lo:i,oa çdkj O;kfIr dh ifjhkk"kk,oa Lo:i gsrokhkkl bdkbz & VI _.k rfkk _r 11

12 iq#"kkfkz] Lo/keZ o.kz&/kez rfkk vkje/kez fu"dkedez,oa yksdlaxzg czãfogkj bdkbz & VII 'kqhk] mfpr] U;k; ç/kku ln~xq.k ;qmkeksfute bdkbz & VIII vijk/k,oa nam dkav dk usfrd fl)kur mi;ksfxrkokn ds çdkj ekuo vf/kdkj,oa lkekftd vlkeurk óhokn bdkbz & IX lr;,oa os/krk rdzokd; dk Lo:i fujis{k U;k;okD; fopkj ds fu;e rdzokd;ksa dk oxhzdj.k fojks/k dk prq"dks.k bdkbz & X ifjek.ku,oa ifjek.ku ds fu;e fu.kz; dh çfø;k os/krk dk fl)kur ;qfäokn rfkk ;qfäokn dk vkdkj Lo;afl) ç.kkyh] lqlaxfr] iw.kzrk 12

13 ,sfpnd & I,sfPNd & II ç'u&i= & III (B) ¼/keksZ a ds fueufyf[kr lewgksa ds eq[; fl)kurksa,oa vuq"bkuksa ls ijh{kkffkz;ksa ds ifjfpr gksus dh vis{kk dh tkrh gs % ¼1½ fgunw /kez] cks) /kez,oa fld[k /kez( ¼2½ ;gwnh /kez] ikjlh /kez] bzlkbz /kez rfkk blyke( ¼3½ Hkkjr ds vkfnoklh /kez½ ¼vUr%/kkfeZd½ laokn,oa lecks/k dk Lo:i] /kkfezd vuqhko] fno; ds vocks/k ds çdkj] eks{k dk fl)kur] eks{k&çkfir ds lk/ku] /keksz a ds bz'oj rfkk ekuo dk lecu/k] /keksz a esa fo'o&n`f"v] vejro] vorkjokn rfkk isxecjokn ds fl)kur] /kkfezd 'kcnkfkzehekalk] /kez rfkk usfrd lkekftd ewy;] /kez,oa /kezfujis{k lekta lkeku; %,sfpnd & III,sfPNd & IV lel;k, % r Hksn( vo/kkj.kk, rfkk olrq, ] lec) lel;k, rfkk mlds çlrkfor lek/kku % (a) rknkre;] (b) fu"ks/kkred vflrroijd rro] (c) vçr;{k ok.kh] (d) vfkz rfkk Hkwfedk % (a) O;fäokpd lakk, vfkok uke] (b) fuf'pr o.kzu] (c) rfkk vu; vuqøef.kd in( vfkz,oa lr; ds e/; lecu/k] vfkz&fo"k;d lexzrkijd rfkk vk.kfod n`f"v] vfkz dk fl)kur D;k gs\ vfkz rfkk vuqç;ksx] ok.kh ds dk;z ¼mi;qZä lel;kred {ks=ksa ds lecu/k esa vh;fkhz dk Ýsxs] jly] fov~xsulvkbu] vkwflvu] DokWbu] LVªkWlu] MsfoMlu] MÓwesV rfkk lyz ds xzafkksa ls ifjfpr gksuk visf{kr gs½ ijh{kkfkhz ds uke dk vkdyu gsa½ Ekk fquksfeuksykwth rfkk çr;;] O;k[;k esa erhksn rfkk lgefr dh lehkkouk] lal fr] ifjflfkfr layxurk rfkk O;k[;kA ds Kku ds ijh{k.k esa fufgr gsa½ lxq.k,oa fuxqz.k dk Hksn rfkk ek;k % Lo:i] ek;k dh lefkzd rfkk fojks/kh ;qfä;k ] vkrek % Lo:i] vkrek rfkk czã dk lecu/k] tho] *rr~ Roe~ vfl~* vkfn egkokd;ksa dh O;k[;k] eks{k % Lo:i,oa çdkj] ekxz vfkok lk/kuk] Kku] dez vksj H 13

14 ,sfpnd & V gsa½ k /kh ds fopkjksa dh miyfc/k dh lehkkouk Kku] lr; rfkk çse,oa muds ikjlifjd lecu/k dh vo/kkj.kk, ] Hkk"kk] vocks/k,oa lal fr] usfrd vk/kkj % /kez] Lojkt] lr;kxzg rf jkt;foghurk] U;kflrk] lokszn;] iapk;rh jkt] /kez] ril;k] lsok] lk/ku&lk/; lecu/k] xk /kh,oa xk /khoknh % vojks/k] usjur;z rfkk uohdj.ka *** 14

PHILOSOPHY PAPER - II

(3) (4) PHILOSOPHY PAPER - II 1. Classical Indian Philosophy Vedic and Upnisadic world-views:rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of yajña (sacrifice),