LANGUAGE ARTS Studnt Book 5th Grad Unit 5
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS LANGUAGE ARTS 505 STORY ELEMENTS Introduction 3 1. Story Elmnts...5 Rading a Story 7 You Can t Judg a Book by Its Covr 19 Improving Splling and Handwriting 23 Slf Tst 1 27 2. Dialogu and Quotations... 30 Mastring Dialogu 31 Writing Bttr Sntncs 41 Improving Splling and Handwriting 45 Slf Tst 2 49 3. Th Writtn Rport... 52 Prparing to Writ a Story 53 Making th Story Grow 57 Improving Splling and Handwriting 62 Slf Tst 3 65 LIFEPAC Tst Pull-out 1
STORY ELEMENTS Unit 5 Authors: Rachll Wirsma, M.A. Sharilyn Rmtsma, M.A. Managing Editor: Alan Christophrson, M.S. Mdia Crdits: Pag 3: artcatlab, istock, Thinkstock; 5: colmatt, istock, Thinkstock; 9: clipartdotcom, istock, Thinkstock; 19: mg7, istock, Thinkstock; 24: Purstock, Thinkstock; 30: jirawatp, istock, Thinkstock; 32, 35: moodboard, Thinkstock; 32: Cathrin Yult, istock, Thinkstock; 34: Brown Robrt, Hmra, Thinkstock; 41: Gorg Doyl, Stockbyt, Thinkstock; 46: monkybusinssimags, istock, Thinkstock; 52: asafta, istock, Thinkstock; 53: Purstock, Thinkstock; 55: Craig Aurnss/Fus, Thinkstock; 57: Tom M. Prkins, Hmra, Thinkstock; 62: mw listing, istock, Thinkstock. 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759 MMX by Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All rights rsrvd. LIFEPAC is a rgistrd tradmark of Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All tradmarks and/or srvic marks rfrncd in this matrial ar th proprty of thir rspctiv ownrs. Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. maks no claim of ownrship to any tradmarks and/or srvic marks othr than thir own and thir affiliats, and maks no claim of affiliation to any companis whos tradmarks may b listd in this matrial, othr than thir own. 2
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS STORY ELEMENTS In th days of Adam, Ev, Noah, and Abraham, vry fw popl could writ. If popl wantd to larn about past vnts, thy wr told storis. Th story of Noah and th flood was told by popl for hundrds of yars bfor it was finally writtn. Through th story of Noah, popl larnd not only about th flood but also th importanc of obying God. Jsus also told storis, oftn parabls, to hlp his discipls undrstand his mssag. Jsus story about th Good Samaritan taught popl how thy wr to trat othrs and srv God. Today pastors, missionaris, and parnts continu to tll storis from th Bibl. Somtims ths storis ar rad and othr tims thy ar told from mmory. Storytlling has bn around for a vry long tim. Evn today thr ar many placs in th world whr popl can t rad. Thy larn from th storis that ar passd down from grandparnt to parnt to child. Childrn ar both taught and ntrtaind through th storis thy har. Storis ar told about brav dds of fathrs, mothrs, grandfathrs, grandmothrs, and vn grat grandparnts! Ths storis told th history of a family or a trib or country. Som storis vn told th history of th world. Storytlling hlpd popl rmmbr thir past. Th storis not only ntrtaind th childrn but also gav guidanc. Thy taught about what to do in diffrnt circumstancs, such as whn you ar in dangr. This is a powrful way that popl taught and continu to tach thir childrn. Storytlling hlps us know who w ar. 3
STORY ELEMENTS Unit 5 Th Bibl tlls th history of God s lov and car for His popl. Th popl who actually livd th storis told thm to th childrn. Thy wantd to prsrv th storis and to tach about God s goodnss and provision for His childrn. Th art of storytlling dvlopd long bfor rading and writing. Can you rmmbr som of th storis you wr told bfor you larnd to rad? In this LIFEPAC, you will rad two storis and writ on of your own. You will larn what maks for a good story. You will larn to rad and writ dialogu which maks a story mor intrsting. Finally, you will writ a story of your own. Objctivs Rad ths objctivs. Th objctivs tll you what you will b abl to do whn you hav succssfully compltd this LIFEPAC. Each sction will list according to th numbrs blow what objctivs will b mt in that sction. Whn you hav finishd this LIFEPAC, you should b abl to: 1. Dscrib a lgnd. 2. Summariz th story of Arthur and th Sword in th Ston. 3. Nam thr lmnts of a story that mak th story njoyabl. 4. Nam and dfin words and phrass that show th ag of th story of Arthur. 5. Explain suspns. Explain how suspns is usd in th story of Arthur. 6. Dfin implid maning. 7. Summariz a story. 8. Rcit six qustions you should ask about a story to judg its litrary valu. 9. List th positiv qualitis of charactrs in Arthur and th Sword in th Ston. 10. Writ diffrnt typs of dialogu. 11. Put vnts in squnc. 12. Us word ordr to construct good sntncs. 13. Corrct xampls of poor writing. 14. Writ an original short story. 15. Spll and crat nw words with prfixs and suffixs. 16. List xampls of positiv and ngativ charactristics of th charactrs in Marissa and th Bullis. 4
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS 1. STORY ELEMENTS Many storis ar writtn for njoymnt. You can gt mor njoymnt from a story by larning about how storis ar writtn. This is similar to how you might njoy a sport bttr by knowing th ruls. Authors us a varity of tchniqus to mak thir storis mor intrsting. Whn you undrstand th dvics an author uss to mak th story bttr you will njoy it vn mor. In th first sction of this LIFEPAC, you will rad a story. First, you will rad for njoymnt and thn for maning. You will larn to judg a story for both its ntrtainmnt and litrary qualitis. You will also larn som splling words that ar mad by adding prfixs and suffixs. You will rviw th writing of upprcas and lowrcas lttrs from A through G. Objctivs Rviw ths objctivs. Whn you hav compltd this sction, you should b abl to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 15. Dscrib a lgnd. Summariz th story of Arthur and th Sword in th Ston. Nam thr lmnts of a story that mak th story njoyabl. Nam and dfin words and phrass that show th ag of th story of Arthur. Explain suspns. Explain how suspns is usd in th story of Arthur. Dfin implid maning. Summariz a story. Rcit six qustions you should ask about a story to judg its litrary valu. List th positiv qualitis of charactrs in Arthur and th Sword in th Ston. Spll and crat nw words with prfixs and suffixs. Sction 1 5
STORY ELEMENTS Unit 5 Vocabulary Study ths nw words. Larning th manings of ths words is a good study habit and will improv your undrstanding of this LIFEPAC. accord ( kôrd ). In Old English, it mant to giv in rturn. It now mans to agr; to b in harmony. alight ( līt ). To gt off or down from. allgianc ( lē j ns). Loyalty or dvotion to somon or somthing. anvil (an v l). An iron or stl block on which mtals ar hammrd. arms (ärms). Wapons; th us of arms; fighting; war. aspir ( spīr ). To hav an ambition for somthing; dsir arnstly; sk. astonishd ( stôn isht). Gratly surprisd; amazd. budg (b j). Caus to mov; mov from on s plac. counsl (koun s l). To giv advic. drision (di ri zh n). Scornful laughtr; ridicul. lmnt ( l m nt). A basic part of somthing. mpathiz (m p thiz). To sympathiz or fl for anothr prson. xclud (k sklüd ). To shut out; to kp out; to lav out. gnration (jn rā sh n). All th popl born about th sam priod of tim. hastily (hā st lē). Quickly; in a hurry. hilt (hilt). Th handl of a sword, daggr, or tool. homag (häm ij, äm ij). Dutiful rspct; rvrnc. implid (im plīd ). Suggstd or statd indirctly. jousting (joust ing). Combat btwn two knights on horsback. joyously (joi s lē). With grat joy; gladly. lig (lēj). Th king or lord who has th right to th homag and loyal srvic of his vassals (popl). linag (lin ē ij, lin ij). Family or rac; dscnt in a dirct lin from an ancstor. litrary (li t rr ē). Having to do with litratur. lodging (läj ing). A plac to liv in. midst (midst, mitst). Th middl; cntr; among. miraculous (m rak yü l s). Having th natur of a miracl; wondrous; marvlous. multitud (m l t tüd, tyüd ). A grat many; a crowd. muttr (m t r). To spak low and indistinctly with th lips partly closd. nourish (n r ish). Mak grow, or kp aliv and wll, with food. ordain (ôr dān ). To stablish as a law; to fix; to dcid; to appoint. rtinu (r t nü, nyü ). A group of attndants. snschal (sn sh l). Th stward in charg of a royal palac. 6 Sction 1
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS succssor (s summariz (s k ss m suprnatural (sü p thrust (thr r). A prson who follows or succds anothr in offic. rīz). To giv a shortr vrsion of a longr pic of writing. r na ch r st). To push with forc. l). Abov or byond what is natural. tournamnt (tur n m nt, tor ). A contst in any gam or skill; long ago it mant a contst btwn knights. wondrously (w n dr s lē). Wondrfully; xtraordinarily. wrangling (ran gling, g ling). A noisy disput or quarrl. yild (yēld). To giv up; to surrndr. Not: All vocabulary words in this LIFEPAC appar in boldfac print th first tim thy ar usd. If you ar unsur of th maning whn you ar rading, study th dfinitions givn. Pronunciation Ky: hat, āg, cãr, fär; lt, ēqual, tėrm; it, īc; hot, ōpn, ôrdr; oil; out; cup, pu t, rül; child; long; thin; /ŦH/ for thn; /zh/ for masur; /u/ or / / rprsnts /a/ in about, // in takn, /i/ in pncil, /o/ in lmon, and /u/ in circus. Rading a Story Arthur and th Sword in th Ston is part of th lgnd of King Arthur of Britain. Th first tim you rad th story, njoy its spirit and action. Lt yourslf b takn back in tim. B a silnt watchr of th vnts as thy unfold. As you rad, think about how th languag of th story adds to th atmosphr of th story. Rading for plasur. Uthr Pndragon (oo thur pn drag un) was a king who ruld in Britain a long tim ago. Many lgnds hav bn told about him and his mor famous son, Arthur. Uthr and Arthur livd in th days whn Christianity was not known throughout England. Thr wr only a fw missionaris in England. Bcaus fw popl could rad, thy wr unabl to rad God s Word. At th tim of Uthr and Arthur, magicians wr thought to hav miraculous powrs. Th tals of Uthr, Arthur, and othrs wr passd from gnration to gnration by word of mouth bcaus fw popl could writ. Ths lgnds ar still passd from gnration to gnration, but now thy ar also passd on through writing and rading. Sction 1 7
STORY ELEMENTS Unit 5 Arthur and th Sword in th Ston 1 Mrlin was th gratst of th magicians. It was only by Mrlin s powr that Uthr won th lovly wif h wantd. It was by Mrlin s powr, so th tals wr told, that Uthr s son was protctd and nourishd during his childhood and youth. Many of th knights of King Uthr would gladly hav takn thir lig s thron. To protct th baby Arthur, Mrlin carrid him away to th hom of th good knight, Sir Ector. Along with Sir Ector s son Kay, Arthur was traind in all th knightly virtus. No on, not vn Sir Ector, knw that th boy was King Uthr s son. Arthur himslf thought h was Sir Ector s blood son and Kay s tru brothr. 2 By th tim Arthur had grown to b a tall, manly youth and was skilld in th us of arms, King Uthr had long bn dad. Much wrangling ovr his succssor was bing carrid on by th knights; and this in spit of th fact that King Uthr had dclard on his dath bd that his son Arthur was living and should b king. 3 At Christmastid, th Archbishop of Cantrbury calld togthr all th mn-at-arms and th grat ladis of th land. Mrlin had dclard that at Christmastid grat wondrs would b don. From all parts of th land cam barons, knights, and ladis with long rtinus of srvants. Crowding into London, thy gathrd into th gratst church. 4 Whn th popl cam out of th srvic, a grat marbl ston had appard in th churchyard. Th ston was squar, having in th midst of it an iron anvil, a foot high. A majstic sword protrudd from th anvil. Th hilt of th sword was wondrously dcoratd with jwls, glaming in th sunlight. Around th sword, in lttrs of gold, was inscribd: Whosovr pullth this sword out of this ston and anvil is th tru-born king of Britain. 5 At th sight of this marvl, th xcitmnt of th crowd ros at onc. For som tim, vryon circld rstlssly around th churchyard, wondring aloud what th words on th ston mant. Evry man among thm wantd to b th first to try to draw th sword from th anvil. For, sinc non was xcludd, ach hopd h might that day bcom th king of Britain. 6 At last th Archbishop brought ordr to th crowd and arrangd th mn to try in turn. On aftr anothr, young mn and old pulld thir mightist. Non could budg th sword by so much as a fraction of an inch. 8 Sction 1
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS 7 Whn it bcam crtain that no man prsnt could draw th sword, th Archbishop st tn knights to guard th ston. Word was snt throughout th land that a grat tournamnt was to b hld on Nw Yar s Day. Th knights who cam to th tournamnt would b givn an opportunity to try to pull th sword out of th ston. 8 Among thos who cam to th tournamnt wr Sir Ector, his son Sir Kay, and th young man Arthur, not yt a knight. In th morning, th thr rod to th fild whr th multitud was Th sword rmaind immovabl. gathrd to watch th jousting. As thy arrivd, Sir Kay discovrd h had lft his sword at his plac of lodging. 9 Arthur, I bg you to rid back and bring m my sword, said Sir Kay. 10 Arthur willingly rod back. Whn h cam to th lodging, h could not ntr bcaus vryon had gon to s th jousting. Arthur lovd Sir Kay darly. H could not bar to think of his brothr bing kpt out of th tournamnt bcaus h had no sword. And so, as h rod past th churchyard and saw th grat sword unguardd in th ston, h thought, How fin a wapon it would b for Sir Kay. 11 How fortunat that th guards hav gon to s th tournamnt, h thought. I ll tak this sword to Sir Kay. 12 Whn Arthur laid his hand on th jwld hilt, th sword cam fr from its rsting plac. Arthur carrid it joyously to his brothr. 13 As soon as Sir Kay saw th sword, h knw it was th on that had bn in th magic ston. Hastily riding to Sir Ector h said, S, hr is th sword of th ston. It must b that I am to b king. 14 Sir Ector said, Giv m th sword and com with m to th church. 15 Togthr with Arthur, thy rod to th church. All thr alightd from thir horss. Sir Ector saw that th sword was indd gon from th ston. 16 Now, my son, said Sir Ector, swar by th Holy Book to tll m honstly how you got this sword. 17 My brothr Arthur brought it to m this I swar, said Sir Kay. 18 How did you gt this sword? askd Sir Ector, turning to Arthur. 19 Sir, said Arthur, whn I could not find my brothr s sword, I startd back to tll him so. By good fortun I rod by this plac. I saw th sword sticking in th ston. So I cam and pulld at it, and it yildd asily. I took it to Sir Kay, Sction 1 9
STORY ELEMENTS Unit 5 for I would not hav my brothr swordlss. 20 Wr thr any knights around th ston? askd Sir Ector. 21 Non, said Arthur. 22 Now I undrstand, said Sir Ector. You, Arthur, ar to b king of Britain. 23 Why should I b king of Britain? askd th boy. 24 I know not why, xcpt that God wills it so. It has bn ordaind that th man who should draw th sword from th ston is th tru-born king of Britain. Now lt m s whthr you can put th sword whr it was and draw it forth again. 25 That is not difficult, said Arthur, as h thrust th sword back into th ston. 26 Sir Ector trid to pull th sword out, but h could not mov it. 27 Now you try, h said to Sir Kay. 28 Although Sir Kay pulld with all his might, th sword rmaind immovabl. 29 Now you try it, said Sir Ector to Arthur. 30 I will, said Arthur, as h graspd th hilt and drw out th sword without any difficulty. 31 Thn Sir Ector and Sir Kay knlt down bfor Arthur and said, Now w know you for our king and swar allgianc to you. 32 Now my own dar fathr and Kay, my brothr, do not knl to m. 33 Arthur, said Sir Ector, I must now tll you that you ar not my son, nor is Sir Kay your brothr. I do not know who you ar, but I did not think you wr of kingly linag. 34 Thn Arthur wpt, for h lovd Sir Ector and Sir Kay as though thy wr fathr and brothr to him. 35 Whn you ar king, askd Sir Ector, will you b kind to m and my family? 36 Indd I will, said Arthur, or I shall b much to blam, for I am mor dply in dbt to you than any othr man in all th world. Your wif, whom I hav always thought my mothr, has card for m as hr own son. If it vr is th will of God that I b king of Britain, ask what you dsir, and it will b my plasur to accord it. 37 Th thr thn wnt to th Archbishop and told him all that had happnd. Th Archbishop counsld thm to rmain quit till aftr th tournamnt, whn Arthur should mak th trial in public. At that tim all of th knights wr again givn th opportunity to draw out th sword. Each having faild, Arthur thn drw it out asily bfor th astonishd ys of th onlookrs. 38 Th barons and knights laughd in drision and said, Shall Britain b ruld by a boy? Lt us hav anothr trial at Twlfth Day. 10 Sction 1
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS 39 At Twlfth Day and at Eastr th trials wr again hld, with th sam rsult. Yt th firc barons would not rcogniz Arthur until th popl grw angry and shoutd, Arthur is our king! W will hav no on but Arthur for our king! 40 Evn th strong knights who aspird to th thron could not rsist th call of th popl and th barons who sidd with Sir Ector. Whn th Archbishop placd th crown upon th had of th young king, vryon thr did homag to Arthur, though many scowld and muttrd thrats to his lif. Arthur did not forgt his promiss, but mad Sir Kay his snschal and gav broad lands and rich prsnts to his fostr parnts. Showing vs. Tlling. Authors who rly on tlling a story xplain to th radr what is happning. Radrs don t har th charactrs talk. Instad th author might writ: Aidn said to his brothr that h should b carful whn crossing a busy strt. Authors who find ways to show radrs what is happning writ mor intrsting storis. Radrs ar abl to har how charactrs talk. Ths authors might writ: Aidn shoutd to his brothr, B carful whn crossing th strt. It s vry busy! Most authors both show and tll in thir storis. Good authors mak thir charactrs mor intrsting by allowing thm to talk rathr than summarizing thir words. 1. Joy and his tammats won th soccr championship in doubl ovrtim. 2. Laping on th back of anothr tammat, Joy shoutd, W won! W won! Two ovrtims latr and w r th champions! Which sntnc showd you th action? Did you choos th scond sntnc? How did Joy s xcitmnt about winning rach you? Did you notic th words usd in th dialogu? Th us of both showing and tlling words in Arthur and th Sword in th Ston add to th intrst of th story. Th author also usd words and phrass to lt you know th story happnd long ago. Exampl: (from Paragraph 1) so th tals wr told Th phras lts you know th story is a lgnd, partly basd on truth, and partly cratd by imagination. Exampl: (from Paragraph 1) Mrlin carrid him away Ths words crat suspns in th story. In th story, Mrlin is a magician who taks a baby away from dangr to protct him. Exampl: (from Paragraph 1) Many of th knights would gladly hav takn thir lig s thron. Ths words should suggst to you that th knights would want to tak th thron for thmslvs, probably by forc. Sction 1 11
STORY ELEMENTS Unit 5 Complt ths activitis. 1.1 Writ fiv words or phrass from th Arthur story that lt you know th story happnd long ago. Ths might b words that ar sldom or nvr usd today. An xampl is th word homag. a. b. c. d.. 1.2 Suffixs and prfixs can b addd to words to chang thir manings or mak nw words. Listd blow ar som root words. Find othr words mad from ths roots. An xampl would b: magic, magician. a. wondr b. marvl c. miracl d. fortun Find th words or phrass that crat suspns. Ths words mak you want to kp rading. Thy mak you wondr what is coming nxt. 1.3 In Paragraph 1 1.4 In Paragraph 5 1.5 In Paragraph 6 Writ a summary. 1.6 Summariz th action (just th action) of th story in two or thr complt sntncs. 12 Sction 1
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS SELF TEST 1 Writ tru or fals (ach itm, 2 points). 1.01 Arthur was Uthr s biological son. 1.02 Arthur hid with Mrlin until h was ight yars old. 1.03 Uthr and Mrlin wr brothrs. 1.04 Mrlin was Sir Ector s biological fathr. 1.05 Uthr calld all of th popl togthr at Eastr. 1.06 Sir Kay ndd a sword to tak part in th tournamnt. 1.07 Arthur pulld th sword out of th ston and anvil only onc. 1.08 Th sword in th ston was locatd nar a church. 1.09 Popl wr surprisd that such a young prson would rul th kingdom. 1.010 Arthur kpt his promis to giv good things to thos who had takn car of him. Match th words from th story of Arthur with thir dfinitions. Not all of th dfinitions will b usd (ach answr, 3 points). 1.011 ordain 1.012 miraculous 1.013 multitud 1.014 nourish 1.015 anvil 1.016 lig 1.017 rtinu 1.018 arms 1.019 succssor 1.020 wrangling a. stablish as law b. a grat many c. combat btwn two knights d. an iron block on which mtals ar hammrd. a group of attndants f. a prson who follows anothr prson in offic g. a noisy quarrl h. wapons; fighting i. th lord who has a right to homag j. kp aliv and wll with food k. having th natur of a miracl Sction 1 27
STORY ELEMENTS Unit 5 Mak ach sntnc corrct by complting th blanks with th right words (ach answr, 4 points). 1.021 Th main vnts in a story ar calld th. 1.022 Th tim and plac of th story is calld th. 1.023 Th charactrs of a story should talk th way popl of thir ag and would talk. 1.024 Th of a story should not mock or go against Christian tachings. 1.025 Evrything that you rad has som on you. Choos th corrct word or phras and writ th lttr on th lin (ach answr, 2 points). 1.026 A lgnd is partly basd on truth, partly cratd by. a. history b. imagination c. lis 1.027 A word that shows th tim priod of th story is. a. knights b. ston c. Nw Yar s Day 1.028 On of Sir Ector s good qualitis was. a. jalousy b. caring c. prid 1.029 Sir Ector took car of Arthur bcaus. a. h knw h was a king s son b. Mrlin askd him to c. th Archbishop paid him 1.030 Mrlin said that at grat wondrs would b don. a. Eastrtid b. Christmastid c. tournamnt tim 1.031 If a sntnc has an implid maning, it can usually b undrstood by rading. a. th contxt b. th conclusion c. th summary 1.032 Th stting of th story is. a. Franc b. Grmany c. Britain 1.033 Th tlling of a story in vry brif form is calld a. a. summary b. summit c. suspns 28 Sction 1
Unit 5 STORY ELEMENTS 1.034 Th fullst, richst njoymnt of any story will com only whn. a. all of th manings ar undrstood b. all of th words ar undrstood c. all of th qustions ar answrd 1.035 A sntnc that maks a plain statmnt of fact is a. a. boring sntnc b. dclarativ sntnc c. topic sntnc Answr ths qustions in complt sntncs (ach answr, 5 points). 1.036 How would you dscrib Arthur s charactr? 1.037 How did th Arthur story show that Christian truth was poorly undrstood? Tachr chck: Initials Scor Dat 80 100 Tak your splling tst of Splling Words-1. Sction 1 29
LAN_Gr3-5 LAN0505 Jan 16 Printing 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759 800-622-3070 www.aop.com ISBN 978-0-7403-2181-8 9 780740 321818