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8 出典 Jonathan Clements, A Brief History of Japan, pp , 2017 by Jonathan Clements. Reproduced with permission of Tuttle Publishing.

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14 2018 年度入学試験 (2018 年 Z 月実施 ) 専攻 専修名 課程 人文学専攻 ( 日本史学専修 ) 前期媒程 文学研究科入学試験答案用紙 科目 コ } ス 受験番号 氏 名 外国語 ( 英語 ) 研究一貫 次の英文を和訳せよ It is no easy task to convey a convincing picture of 由 e spiritual atmosphere that surrounded those who devoted themselves to the study of Japanese 出 ought in those days of the so-called dark valley of Japanese histo 円r, It is even difficult to convey it to 由 e younger generation brought up in postwar Japan, let alone to the Western reader 金 om a quite different cultural environment. It is not enough simply to express ab 町 actly things that eve 可 one knows-the severi 町 of government censorship or the taboos surrounding such concepts 副由 e national poli 吋 J Pぽhaps the best way to give the reader a feeling 晶 r the mental cli 皿 ate in which Japanese intellectuals lived in the 由 irties and early 品 rties ー,ineluding the inhabitants of ivory towers-is to recount one or two episodes that occurred at 血 e time I W 拙 writing these essays. The essay that makes up Part I of 也 is book appeared in four successive numbers of the Kokka Gakkai Zasshi between January and April When the first one came out I soon became aw 訂 E of a gra 羽田 isprint. In discussing the arrival of Con 品 cianism to Japan (seep. 7 below) I referred to Emperor O jin s reign. But for jin the character 仁 (benevolence) w 出 used instead of 神 (god). The late Professor Muraoka Tsunetsugu ( ) who w 出 lecturing on Japanese thought at ho 由 Tokyo and Tohoku Imperial Universities made a point of coming round to my room at the universi 可 to advise me to put an immediate correction in 由 e next issue. He 臼 ldme 也 en that Dr. Inoue Te 也 ujiro ( ) had once made exactly 由 e same mistake 2 and had been fiercely attacked for it by right 句 wing nationalists. A nice irony J when you co 皿 e to think of it," he added, Dr. Inoue who had long been famous for attacking other scholars and men of religion like Uchimura Kanz6 [ ], accusing them of harboring ideas and theories contrary to the national polity, and there w 拙 the same Inoue, being accused of Iese 皿 ajeste 品 r a simple slip.' At any rate, in Imperial Japan, there w 拙 no question about it! to get the na 血 e of any one of Japan's long succession of Emperors wrong w 田 not a matter 出抗 could be simply excused 品 a mere rinting error or slip of the.pen. I put an errata table in the n 田 t issue. For other errors I merely paired the mistakes and corrections, but when it came to Emperor O jin I felt compelled to inelude a special phrase: I reverent{y make this correction" ( T. 抑制 5 抑制 eisei suru). A modern Japanese student, finding such a portentous phr 出 e in an academic article, would doubtless roar wi 也 laughter; thirty ye 訂 s ago it was far from being a laughing matter. s Jap 祖国 e 町 e likely to ma1:e 也 is"mistake for two re 泊 凶. (1) The Emperor Ojin 応神 was succeeded byぬe Emperor Nintolr.u 仁徳 The character 仁 h pronounced 包 Japan 闘 bo 出 asjin and 前耐. (2) One of the greatest civil wars in Japan is called Onin 田 R叫 which began in 出自由r st ye 訂 of Onin 応仁 {1467 A,D.) and brought about V 溺 t d 鎚 truction in Kyoto. 出典 Masao Maruyama, Studies in Intellectual History of Tokugawa Japan, pp. xvi-xvii, University of Tokyo Press, Reproduced with permission of Princeton University Press. 翻訳 : Mikiso Hane, (Knox College Advancement Office) -12-

15 出典 David Pilling, Bending Adversity: Japan and the Art of Survival, pp.59-60, 2014 by David Pilling. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.