Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o

Transcription

1 APPENDIX DDesha included in his narrative two stanzas from the well-known chant called Haui ka Lani ( Fallen is the Chief ). Containing at least fifteen stanzas, the chant was composed by Keaulumoku as a prophecy foretelling that Kamehameha would prevail over Keöuakü ahu ula for control of Hawai i Island. The stanzas were removed from the text because they have no bearing on the subject matter discussed in the issues in which they appear and an extensively annotated translation of the entire chant has already been published (Fornander :[6] ). The esoteric language used in the chant is more likely to have been translated appropriately during this earlier time period than is possible now. The two stanzas are presented below for those interested in comparing this variant of the chant with other versions. In addition to Fornander, another version was published by Plews (1965: ) and at least five versions are on file in the chant collection at the Bishop Museum Archives. The Roberts Collection includes one version that is identical to those portions used by Desha. A note says it was copied by Thomas Maunupau from a book given Roberts by John Kekaula. Haui ka Lani Stanza 1 Extracted from the December 8, 1921, issue. O Haui ka lani, ka mauli au honua He mauli haui lani malolo, auhe e He malolo, auhe e, huli moku këia He ana hä nui no ke auhe e lä, He manomano no ke auhe e hulimoku, Ke ho i mai nei ka pö i ke auhe e, Ua ka ia ilaila, pö auhe e Ku u pö maoli, auhe e mäkole, ke ala, Hina wale i ke ala, Ke one ka papa, ke au me ka honua, Ua lilo lä eia iä Kalani, Ua hale kino ali i i ka hanohano O ke kini ho i i ke ki eki e, Oia ho i i ka ha aha a Ua lü ia ua helele i, ua hune ua nalo, ua make Ua pepehi wale käna wahine ë Ke kü ala nä ali i elua, I ka hale i ka poupou make, Ka hale make iä läkou, Ka hale ola iäia nei, Auhea ia läkou lä, Ka lanakila iäia nei Ua hehe e ka äina he ali i make He malama ai nei o Hoku, Ua ö mai i ke kuahiwi uli ohu Ulu kamaehu, öwela ula, wela ka lani, Ua haoa ka lani ua kama ë, Ke kau nei ka ömea lani, Ka ömea lani näkökö, Mäea ke ao, mahama, koe hana ka pö, Ua mäea lani, öwela ke kuahiwi, 503

2 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o Ua koi opua, ko iawe nä mauna, Ua lele ka hoaka o ka äina, Kau ka neo o ka uhane ö ka moku aia i luna, Ua ike nä ili ili a Palila, Ua ho olei ia i kahi make e Kau. Stanza 9 Extracted from the December 28, 1922, issue. Ki eki e Kalani i ke kaulu Halonia nö i ka moku, Ha aha a Kilohana i lalo Imi imi ia, lanalana ia Imihia, lana ia ke aulana Makailia ka moku Kula, kilokilo hia Ua kilokilohia e Kalani Nä lae lä au o Puna Kilohia o Ka ü o Paoa Ke ehia kü i kapua i Papapa luna o Mauna Loa Kü moena lau ke kuahiwi Öpa ipa i ka pae mauna Ha alulu luna o Kaiholena Ka papa, o kau mai ka ohu Ua nomea o uka o Pahua Penei wale nö ka waiho Ke hele ia e ke Kü E ka nui kahi o ka Lani E ke koa ae äina ole E ka maka lä i hele lä Hele piha ä o Ka ü O ka ipu i Kapapala Ua wawahia e ke koa Ua lü ia a helele i Ua kahi au i ka nahele Ua kahia, ua nalo ka wale Ua wali wale a ole nao I ke kü ai äina ia O ka po e näna i kia i O Ka ü nui kua Makani O ka hü o ka maka äinana O ka maka äinana nui po o kuakea Ka po e mahi ai o Ka ü Ha awe pili pö ia I ke ala loa o ka paukü. O, Kalani anei kou hoa i ala mai ai I ï mai ai he kipikipi I paha ai oe e paio I lou mai ai me he moa ala He mea e nei, he ali i He ali i, he ali i paio He noa nö, he noa haka He lepo nö, he lepo ölelo He mahi ai no ke kaua Aloha iä oe e Alahokahoka Kënä ïlio lepo iki, Kënä kaua maka wela kuapa a Kuakahiko o Nä älehu Koi nä akua umia Nä manu ala kahiko i koe Ke kü lolia, alo makani Noho lae o Kukuou Lukulukua, lukuaia iho I ka ma a no Ko olau Ko pale wäwae e Kohala Hema A hehi e Kona i ka waha iä Kalani I ke kuhi lima i ka aia Ia kahu ulu, anaana pupuka Ölelo Ka a nema, hala iwi nui maka auli i Ho i mai lä, e hömai ë Hömai nä i luku ia He mauna lima i ka ino He luku no kini ponopono He ho olei i ke ku iku i Ku i ka hema, ku i ka akau A ole, he lukunano kini nui ha alele loa He hehi wale nö ko ia ana He ke eke ehina i ka wäwae Ka lä aumake o ka noa He hulu ali i au a nei Ai wae ai koaie I koolu kani a lono. 504

3 GLOSSARY [Most Hawaiian words, like most words in English and other languages, have more then one meaning. This glossary offers definitions for the following Hawaiian words as they are used in the preceding text.] a ä. General term for lava with jagged, rough surfaces. Contrast with pähoehoe lava. a ama. A crab, Grapsus tenuicrustatus. A ama kualenalena, literally the yellow-backed a ama, is a yellow form of Grapsus tenuicrustatus. aha kuhina. A cabinet or assembly of ministers and advisors. aha ula. A council of chiefs. In the text, the term is applied to a particular cord ( aha) that was used ritually to determine which course of action should be taken by the ali i. ahupua a. Major land division, ideally running from the mountain to the sea and including fisheries. Divisions were subject to tribute or tax collection. ai. General term for food, particularly foods obtained from plants. ailolo. Graduation ceremony marking the end of training and thus confirming the skill and adeptness of the trained participant. ä ïpu upu u. Steward or attendant, usually to a chief. aku. The bonito or skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis. alae. Mudhen or Hawaiian gallinule, Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis. ali i. An individual of high hereditary rank. Modifiers used with this term in the text include: ali i ai moku, paramount chief of an island or district; ali i ai okana and ali i ai äina, chief governing a district or grouping of land divisions; ali i kaukauali i, lesser chief; ali i nui, high chief; ali i haku, chiefly overlord; ali i käne, a male chief; and ali i wahine, a chiefess. ama u, ama uma u. A fern, Sadleria sp. anae. Mullet ( ama ama), Mugil cephalus, over twelve inches in length. anahulu. A period of ten days. apapane. A Hawaiian bird, Himatione sanguinea. The red feathers of the apapane were used in featherwork. Auhea. An idiomatic call to attention or command to listen. For example Auhea oe (singular) and Auhea oukou (plural) are equivalent to O hear ye or, figuratively, Where are you? aumakua. Ancestral family guardian or deity of craftsmen and professionals. awa. A shrub, Piper methysticum. A drink was produced from the awa root which can have a narcotic effect. Awa was also used medicinally and in religious ceremonies. awa. Milkfish, Chanos chanos. 505

4 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o E. A vocative particle used for emphasis, often in addressing an individual. Examples in the text include: E Kalani ë; O heavenly one; E ku u hoa hänau, O, my cousin; E ku u lani ali i, O, my beloved chief. Ea. A particle used as an interjection for emphasis. Examples include Ea auhea and Ea auhea oukou. ehu. Reddish-tinged hair. haku. Lord or overlord. Modifiers used with this term in the text include haku ali i, chiefly lord, and haku kaikua ana, chiefly older brother. hala. The pandanus tree, Pandanus tectorius. Different parts of the hala had many uses. Mats, baskets and thatching were made from the leaves and flowers were used for lei and scents. The male flower, hïnano, was particularly known for its fragrance. hale pe a. A structure isolating women during their menstrual periods. hänai. To adopt or foster a child, or the relationship between the adopting and adopted persons. In the text, hänai ali i refers to the relationship between an ali i and his followers. hänau mua. The first born of his or her generation. The term hiapo has a similar meaning. haole. A foreigner, often referring to a white person. hapa haole. An individual born of Hawaiian and foreign parentage. Literally, half foreign. hau. A tree, Hibiscus tiliaceus. Canoe outriggers were made from the tree s light wood, rope from the bark, and medicine from the sap and flowers. heiau. A place of worship, usually of human construction rather than a natural feature. Heiau po o kanaka was a class of heiau at which human sacrifices occurred. hilu. A fish, Coris flavovittata. hi uwai. Ceremonial bathing or water purification festivities. hoa hänau. A relative of the same generation, including cousins, sisters, or brothers. Hoa hänau ali i is a chiefly cousin or cousin of high rank. hö i o. A fern, Diplazium sandwichianum. ho okupu. To pay tribute or tax to a chief. Also the ceremonial giving of gifts as a sign of honor and respect. ho olälä kaua. Strategy or plans for battle. hulu. A term of esteem, particularly esteem for an older relative. Modifiers used in the text include hulu maka äinana, the precious commoners, and hulu makua, esteemed elder of the parental generation. hünä. To hide or conceal. 506

5 Glossary i a. Fish, any edible marine creature, or food considered meat or flesh. ie ie. A woody, vine-like plant, Freycinetia arborea. ihe. A general name for different types of spears. Ihe laumeki is a barbed spear. Contrast with pololü, the long spear. i iwi. A Hawaiian bird, Vestiaria coccinea. It is also called i iwipölena. The red feathers of the i iwi were used in featherwork. ïkoi. A tripping club made of wood or stone. The rope attached to the club allowed it to be thrown and to wrap around the arms or legs of an opponent to prevent his further movement. Pïkoi is a synonym. ilämuku. A marshal or officer. In the narrative it generally refers to an army field marshal or officer. iliahi. The Hawaiian sandalwood tree, Santalum spp. iwikuamo o. A trusted and close relative who attends to the personal needs and possessions of a chief. ka au. Forty kä e e. A coastal vine, Mucuna gigantea. kähala. A fish, Seriola dumerili. kahawai. A stream or river. kähili. A feather standard denoting a high-ranking chief. kahu. An honored attendant or guardian. kahuna (plural kähuna). Priest or expert in any profession. Examples of kähuna mentioned in the text include: kahuna alaka i, the lead priest; kahuna kälai wa a, expert canoe maker; kahuna kilokilo, expert at observing the skies for omens; and kahuna lapa au, medical practitioner. kaikaina. A younger sibling or cousin of the same sex and generation. The term kaikaina pono ï is used to distinguish a true or blood younger sibling from individuals with whom one has developed a figurative or honorific relationship similar to that of siblings. kaikamahine. Girl, daughter or niece. kaikua ana. An older sibling or cousin of the same sex and generation. Haku kaikua ana refers to an older sibling or cousin of the same sex in a position of lord or master. kaikuahine. A sister or female cousin of a male. Kaikuahine pono ï is a true or blood sister or female cousin and kaikuahine hanauna is a female relative from a common ancestor. kaikunäne. A brother or male cousin of a female. käkä ölelo. A person skilled in oratory or the use of language. 507

6 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o kalo. Taro or Colocasia esculenta, a cultivar producing edible tubers and leaves. A major starch staple in the Hawaiian diet. kama äina. Native-born or one born at that place. kanaka. Man, a supporter and follower. känäwai. Decree or law. kanawao. A forest shrub, Broussaisia arguta. kapa. Tapa or bark cloth, usually made from wauke, the paper mulberry. kapu. A taboo or prohibition, often the sanctity or consecration of an area, place, persons or behavior. Also a chiefly prerogative. kauhale. A group of houses comprising a residential compound or, sometimes, a cluster of residences forming a settlement. kauila, kauwila. A tree of the dry, lowland dry forest, Colubrina oppositifolia. Its exceptionally hard wood was used for weapons, particularly spears, and kapa beaters. kaukauali i. Chiefs classified as being of a lesser rank than the high chief. käula. Prophet or seer. A käula wahine, is a female prophet. Sometimes written as makäula. käuna. Four. ka upu. Albatross, Diomedea sp. kauwä. Servant or person of low caste. Modifiers used with this term include kauwä kuapa a and kauwä makawela. keiki. A child, usually a son or nephew but can be applied to female children. Keiki pono ï refers to one s own birth child and keiki hanauna is the child of a collateral relative. keiki hiapo. A first-born child. kï. A shrub, Cordyline fruticosa. The leaf of kï, or ti, had many utilitarian and ritual uses and the root, when baked, was eaten in times of famine. kia äina. A governor, generally of an island. kilo. A seer and reader of omens. Uses in the text include kilo aupuni, one who foresees the future of the government, and kilo kaua, one skilled at foreseeing the course of battle and strategy. kini. Forty thousand. koa. A large forest tree, Acacia koa. Its wood was highly valued, particularly for the construction of canoes. ko a. Fishing grounds, often located by aligning with landmarks, or shrines at which ceremonies are conducted to assure productive catches while fishing. koai a. A tree of the drier forests and form of Acacia koa (A. koaia). Its hard wood was used for spears, paddles, and kapa beaters. 508

7 Glossary kö ele. A plot of land cultivated on behalf of a high chief who receives all products from that plot as tribute. ko i. Stone cutting tool, mostly for woodworking. In the text, ko i is translated as adze, instead of axe, to conform with classifications currently being used for stone cutting tools in Hawaii. Distinctions used to define an adze include the angle at which the stone blade is hafted and the asymmetrical bevel of the blade s cutting edge. konohiki. A land agent or overseer, usually of an ahupua a and its fisheries. kua äina. People from the country or remote areas. kuhikuhipu uone. Seers or advisors, particularly those skilled in selecting sites for the construction of religious structures, residences, or fishponds. They were considered a class of priests or kähuna. kuhina nui. Title of an office sharing executive power with the ruling monarch or chief. The term is often translated as prime minister or premier. kukui. Candlenut tree, Aleurites moluccana. Multiple parts of the kukui tree were used for various purposes, including the nut, gum, and resins from the bark, dye from the nut s husk, and the tree s soft wood. Use of the oily kernels for lighting was particularly important. kula. Generally open, relatively dry lands which can be cultivated but are usually not irrigated. kupapa u. A corpse. lä au ala. A fragrant wood, often referring to sandalwood. la au newa. Wooden war club. lama. A tree of the lowland forests, Diospyros sp. lau. Four hundred; very many, numerous. lei manö. A wooden hand weapon with shark s teeth set in the wood. lele. A scaffold type of altar on which sacrifices or offerings to the gods were placed. lele kawa. The sport of leaping into the water from a cliff without a splash. Also refers to places suitable for this sport. limu. Seaweeds, mentioned in the text are limu kohu (Asparagopsis taxiformis), limu lä au, limu lïpe e (Laurencia spp.), limu kala (Sargassum echinocarpum), and limu lïpoa (Dictyopteris spp.). lo i. An irrigated pondfield, generally for cultivating taro (kalo). loulu. A native palm, Pritchardia spp. lua. A general term encompassing various techniques of hand-to-hand fighting. These include bone-breaking, boxing, body maneuvers, some uses of spears, and use of a noose. 509

8 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o mä. Particle following the name of a person indicating the association of others with that person. May include extended family members, followers, or a group of companions. ma a. Sling ma kai. Towards the sea. ma uka. Towards the mountains or inland. mahiki. A coastal grass, Sporobolus virginicus. mähikihiki. General name for shrimp, Decapods, when used for ceremonial purposes. mähoe. Twins. maika. Hawaiian game in which stones were bowled. Also the stone used in this game. maka äinana. Commoners or populace in general. mäkähä. Sluice gate of a fishpond. makua. Parent or relative of the parental generation, including mother, father, uncles, and aunts. Usage in the text includes makua ali i, chiefly father; makua hoa hänau, elder cousin; makua käne, father or uncle; makua käne hoahänau, an elder male cousin; and makua käne mö ï, a male ruler of an elder generation. makuahine. Mother or female relative of a parent s generation. malihini. A stranger or visitor, particularly one who is unfamiliar with a place or custom. malo. Loincloth worn by men. mälolo. Flyingfish, Cypselurus sp. mämakakaua. Company of warriors or battle companions. mämane. A tree of the drier areas, Sophora chrysophylla. It was valued for its hard wood. mamo. A Hawaiian bird, Drepanis pacifica. The yellow tail feathers of the mamo were prized for their use in featherwork. mänele. Stretcher or litter on which individuals were transported. manini. Surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus. mano. Four thousand; very many, numerous. mele. General term for songs, chants, and poems. moepu u. A death companion, or individual slain to be buried with the dead. möhai. An offering or sacrifice made during religious ceremonies. mö ï. A ruling chief, particularly the paramount ruler of an island or islands. Often translated as king, ruler, or monarch. Usage in the text includes mö ï ai moku, ruler of the island; mö ï ali i, the ruling chief; and mö ï wahine, the female ruler. mokomoko. Hand-to-hand fighting similar to boxing or wrestling. Hoa mokomoko is a companion in boxing or wrestling. muliwai. Estuary or river. 510

9 Glossary naha. A class of chiefs who are the offspring of a half-brother and half-sister union. These chiefs possessed the sitting kapu (kapu noho). In the text, naha is said to be a chiefly line. nï aupi o. The chiefly rank encompassing the pi o, naha, and ho i classes of chiefs, respectively the offspring of a brother and sister union, a half-brother and halfsister union, and a union crossing two generations. Each class was entitled to distinctive kapu. niho palaoa. Whale-tooth neck ornament and symbol of chiefly status. nïoi. A tree, Eugenia sp. On Moloka i, some nïoi were considered highly poisonous. niu. Coconut, Cocus nucifera. Two forms are mentioned in the text. Niu hiwa had a dark-green husk and black shell and was used for ceremonial and medicinal purposes and for cooking. Niu lelo had a reddish fruit and yellow shell and served numerous non-ceremonial purposes. niuhi. General term for man-eating sharks such as the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, and great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. noa. To free an area or person of a kapu, a prohibition founded in religious beliefs. noni. A bush or shrub, Morinda citrifolia. Dyes and medicine were obtained from the fruit and other parts of the shrub. öhi a ( ohi a lehua). A very common forest tree found in a wide range of environments, Metrosideros spp. It is noted for its (usually) red flowers ( lehua ). öku u. Squatting sickness; name given to an 1804 epidemic. ölena. Turmeric, Curcuma longa. A kind of ginger used as a dye and for medical and religious purposes. ölohe. Skilled individuals, particularly experts in lua fighting. olonä. A native shrub, Touchardia latifolia. An exceptionally strong, durable cordage was made from its bark. o opu nöpili. A type of Goby fish, Sicyopterus stimpsoni. Primarily found in freshwater streams. öpelu. Mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus. pähoa. A short dagger. pähoehoe. General term for lava with smooth surfaces and a ropy appearance. Contrast with a ä lava. pa i ai. Mashed taro (kalo) root in its hardened state. In this form, the mashed tuber could be stored and transported. Water was added prior to consumption. pai ea. A crab, Plagusia depressa tuberculata. Found with the a ama crab but it is more reddish than the a ama, it has a harder shell and has shorter legs with stiff hairs fringing its front legs. 511

10 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o pälau. A wooden war club. pali. A cliff, precipice, or series of cliffs. papa. A class of individuals grouped by order, rank, or expertise. Usage in the text includes papa kähuna kilokilo, a group of expert advisors or seers. peleleu. A very large type of canoe constructed in preparation for warfare. The name was also given to Kamehameha s large fleets which included peleleu-type canoes. pïkai. The act of sprinkling salt water to purify, cleanse, or lift a kapu. piko. Umbilical cord or, figuratively, a blood relation. pili. A grass, Heteropogon contortus. A primary thatching material. pili koko. Individuals joined by a blood relationship. pi o. Highest chiefly class. Chiefs of this class were the offsprings of full brother and sister unions. pöhuehue. A coastal vine, Ipomea pes-caprae. pöki i. A younger brother, sister, or cousin of the same generation. pololü. A long spear. pülo ulo u. Poles topped with kapa-covered balls denoting the presence of a chief or the imposition of a kapu. punahele. A favorite. pu uhonua. A place of refuge from pursuit. pu u kaua. A stronghold or fortification. uhane. A spirit, soul, or ghost of a person. uhi. A yam, Dioscorea alata. ülei. A native shrub, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia. Its sturdy wood was used for digging sticks and fish spears. ulu. Breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. Primarily cultivated for its starchy edible fruit. ulu maika. Flattened spherical stones used in the bowling game maika. upena nae. A small-meshed fishing net. uwa u. Dark-rumped petrel, Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis. wai au au. Bath water or bathing place. Figuratively describes a skilled warrior to whom being showered with spears was as pleasant as being splashed with water. waiwai. Wealth or property. wauke. Paper mulberry, Broussonetia papyifera. Bark cloth, kapa, was primarily made from this shrub. wohi. A class of chiefs who inherited the kapu wohi which negated the need to prostrate in the presence of a chief with a prostrating kapu (kapu moe). 512

11 LITERATURE CITED Alexander, W[illiam] D. A Brief History of the Hawaiian People. New York: American Book Co., Andrews, Lorrin A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language Reprint, Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, Barrère, Dorothy B. Kamehameha in Kona: Two Documentary Studies. Bishop Museum Pacific Anthropological Records no. 23, Honolulu, A Reconstruction of the History and Function of the Pu uhonua and the Hale o Keawe at Hönaunau. In The Natural and Cultural History of Hönaunau, Kona, Hawai i, edited by Edwin H. Bryan Jr. and Kenneth P. Emory, Bishop Museum Department of Anthropology Report 86(2), Honolulu, Beaglehole, John C., ed. The Journals of Captain Cook on his Voyages of Discovery, III: The Voyage of the Resolution and Discovery Pt. 1 and 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Hakluyt Society, Bishop, Charles The Journal and Letters of Captain Charles Bishop Edited by Michael Roe. 2nd. ser., vol Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Hakluyt Society, Bingham, Hiram A Residence of Twenty-One Years in the Sandwich Islands 1849, 3rd. ed. Reprint, Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, Campbell, Archibald A Voyage Round the World, from 1806 to , 3rd. American ed. Reprint, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press for Friends of the Library of Hawaii, Cleveland, Richard J. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises. 2nd ed. Cambridge: John Owen, Desha, Stephen L. The Legend of the Naha Stone. Translated by Stephen L. Desha and adapted by L.W. de Vis-Norton. Hawaii Nature Notes, vol. IV(3), Honolulu,

12 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o Dixon, George A Voyage Round the World, Performed in 1785, 1786, 1787, and 1788 London: Geo. Goulding, Dwight, Edwin Memoirs of Henry Obookiah Reprint, Honolulu: United Church of Christ, Dibble, Sheldon A History of the Sandwich Islands Reprint, Honolulu: T.G. Thrum, Elbert, Samuel H., and Noelani [K.] Mahoe Nä Mele o Hawai i Nei: 101 Hawaiian Songs. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, Ellis, William Journal of William Ellis London ed. and 1917 Hawaii ed. Reprint, Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing Co., Ltd., Emerson, Nathaniel B. Unwritten Literature of Hawaii. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 38., Washington, D.C., Pele and Hiiaka: A Myth from Hawaii Reprint, Honolulu: Ai Pöhaku Press, Fornander, Abraham Fornander Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folklore. Translations edited by T.G. Thrum. Memoirs of the Bishop Museum, vols. 4 6, Honolulu, An Account of the Polynesian Race. Vol Reprint, Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, Gassner, Julius S. Voyages and Adventures of La Pérouse. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press published for Friends of the Library of Hawaii, Hiroa, Te Rangi (Buck, Peter H.) Arts and Crafts of Hawaii. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication No. 45, Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, Howay, F. W. The Last Days of the Atahualpa, alias Berhring. Forty-First Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society for the Year 1932 (1933):

13 Literature Cited Ii, John Papa Fragments of Hawaiian History. Translated by Mary K. Pukui and edited by Dorothy B. Barrère. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, Jarves, James J. History of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands 3rd ed. Honolulu: C.E. Hitchcock, Judd, Bernice Voyages to Hawaii before Edited by Helen Y. Lind. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii for Hawaiian Mission Children s Society, Kamakau, Samuel M. Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, Ka Po e Kahiko: The People of Old. Translated by Mary K. Pukui and edited by Dorothy B. Barrère. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication, no. 51, Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, The Works of the People of Old: Na Hana a ka Po e Kahiko. Translated by Mary K. Pukui and edited by Dorothy B. Barrère. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication no. 61, Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, Tales and Traditions of the People of Old: Na Mo olelo a ka Po e Kahiko. Translated by Mary K. Pukui and edited by Dorothy B. Barrère. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, Ke Kumu Aupuni. Edited by Puakea Nogelmeier. Honolulu: Ahahui Olelo Hawai i, Kelly, Marion Nä Mäla o Kona: Gardens of Kona. Bishop Museum Department of Anthropology Report Series no. 83 2, Honolulu, Kepelino, Z. Kepelino s Traditions of Hawaii. Edited by Martha W. Beckwith. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin no. 95, Honolulu, Kuykendall, Ralph S. The Hawaiian Kingdom: Reprint, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, Malo, David Hawaiian Antiquities. Translated by Nathaniel B. Emerson. 2nd. ed., Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication no. 2, Honolulu: Bishop Museum [Press],

14 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o McKinzie, Edith K.K. An Original Narrative of Kamehameha the Great Written in Ka Na i Aupuni ( ) by Joseph M. Poepoe. Master s thesis, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Hawaii, Menzies, Archibald Hawaii Nei 128 Years Ago. Edited by W.F. Wilson. Honolulu: W.F. Wilson, Mookini, Esther K. The Hawaiian Newspapers. Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Co., Ltd., Nakuina, Moses K. The Wind Gourd of La amaomao. Translated by Esther T. Mookini and Sarah Näkoa. Honolulu: Kalamakü Press, Pierce, Richard A. Russia s Hawaiian Adventure, Berkeley: University of California Press, Plews, Edith R. Poetry. In Ancient Hawaiian Civilization, edited by E.S. Craighill Handy and others, revised ed., Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, Poepoe, Joseph M. Kamehameha I, Ka Na i Aupuni o Hawaii, Ka Liona o Ka Moana Pakipika. (Kamehameha I, The Conqueror of the Kingdom of Hawaii, The Lion of the Pacific). Ka Na i Aupuni, Pogue, John F. Moolelo of Ancient Hawaii. Translated by Charles W. Kenn. Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Co., Ltd., Portlock, Nathaniel A Voyage Round the World in 1785, 1786, 1787, and 1788 London: John Stockdale, Pukui, Mary K. Ölelo No eau; Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication no. 71, Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, Pukui, Mary K., trans. Nä Mele Welo: Songs of Our Heritage. Arranged and edited by Pat N. Bacon and Nathan Napoka. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, Pukui, Mary K., and Samuel H. Elbert English-Hawaiian Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, Hawaiian Dictionary. Revised and enlarged ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,

15 Literature Cited Pukui, Mary K., and Samuel H. Elbert, Esther T. Mookini Place Names of Hawaii. Revised and expanded ed. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, Pukui, Mary K., and Alfons L. Korn, trans. and ed. The Echo of Our Song. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, Roberts, Helen H. Ancient Hawaiian Music Reprint, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., Rose, Roger G. Reconciling the Past. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology no. 5, Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, Shaler, William Journal of a Voyage Between China and the North-Western Coast of America Made in Philadelphia: C. & A. Conrad & Co., Sterling, Elspeth P., and Catherine C. Summers, comp. Sites of Oahu. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Departments of Anthropology and Education, Stokes, John F.G. New Bases for Hawaiian Chronology. Forty-First Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society for the Year 1932 (1933): Heiau of the Island of Hawai i: A Historic Survey of Native Hawaiian Temple Sites. Edited and introduced by Tom Dye. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology no. 2. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, Thrum, Thomas G. More Hawaiian Folk Tales. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co., Tales from the Temples (Part II). Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, Vancouver, Captain George A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean New Edition, 6 vols. London: John Stockdale, Wilkes, Charles Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition Vol. 4. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard,

16 CHANT INDEX Aloha oe, e ku u ali i, Aloha nö ho i ka luhi a käua, (Page 411 ) Love to you, my ali i, Love for all that we have borne together, Auwë! Auhea lä ke ali i o Kohala, Alas! Where is the chief of Kohala, O ka äina ho i i nä pu u haele elua, Of the land where hills go by twos, (Page 52) Auwë, he mai ho i ë, Auwë, Come hither, O oe kä ia e Kalaninuimehameha ë, It is you, O Kalaninuimehameha, (Page 77) Eia ka älana, Eia ka möhai, (Page 145) Eia ka awa, E Kükä ilimoku, (Page 93) Eia ka awa e ke akua, He awa lani wale nö, (Page 107) Eia ka pua a lä, Nä kula uka, (Page 89) E ala, e ala ho i lä, E ala, e ho äla älahi a, (Page 90) E Hawai i, e ku u one hänau ë, Ku u home kulaiwi nei, (Page 371) Here is the offering, Here is the sacrifice, Here is the choicest awa, O Kükä ilimoku, Here is the awa O god, Choicest awa only, Here is the pig, For the upland plains, Arise, arise indeed, Arise, O one to be awakened, O Hawai i, O my birthplace, My own native home, 518

17 Chant Index Hawai i pono ï Nänä i kou mö ï (Page 418) He opeope kau i kahi o Kalani He mau lani haele wale iho nö, (Page 61) Hikikau elia ka malama, Hiki Makali i, Kä elo ka hökü o Nana, (Page 312) Hole Waimea i ka ihe a ka makani. Hao mai nä ale a ke Kïpu upu u. (Page 44, 192) Hünä ke aloha pe e ma loko, Ha ina mai e ka waimaka hanini i waho, (Page 438) Ike iä Kaukini he lawai a manu, He upena ku u i ka noe o Pökahi, (Page 151) Inu ona ka uka o Kali u, Mähuna ka uka o He eia, (Page 314) Ke kalakü mälolohia, Ke li u lä ka ho olauna o ke kapu, (Page 253) Ki eki e Kalani i ke kaulu Halonia nö i ka moku, (Appendix Page 504) Külia e Uli, Ka pule, ka lama ola, (Page 88) Hawai i s own Look to your king A bundle that is hung is the heavenly one Some heavenly ones who have gone, Hikikau elia is the month, The stars of Makali i, Kä elo and Nana rise, Waimea is stripped by the spear of the wind. Blown by the gusts of the Kïpu upu u. Hidden within is the love, Told of by the tears flowing out, Kaukini is seen, a fisher of birds, A net lowered in the mist of Pökahi, The upland of Kali u has been drinking and is drunk, Scaly with drinking is the upland of He eia, Proclaim the coming of the kapu period, The preparation to usher in the time of the kapu, [Not translated] Lift up O Uli, The prayer, torch of life, 519

18 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o Ku u Haku i ka ua Hä ao, auwë, Ke lele a ela ma uka o Au aulele, auwë, (Page 338) Mäkole mäkole akahi, Hele i kai o Pïheka, (Page 104) Noho ana Kapo i ka uluwehiwehi, Kü ana i luna o Mä ohe ia, (Page 480) My lord of the Hä ao rain, alas, Which flies in the upland of Au aulele, alas, Red-eyed, red-eyed, as no one else, Go to the lowland of Pïheka, Kapo dwells in the lush and beautiful verdure, Standing above Mä ohe ia, O Haui ka lani, ka maulu au honua, [Not translated] He mauli haui lani, ma lolo auhe e, (Appendix Page 503) O ka nïnau ho ohuoi a ka noa, The suspicious question by the commoner, O ka ho ohewahewa o ka uka mahi ai, The blaming of the upland farmer, (Page 332) O Kohala nui, o Kohala iki, Great Kohala, little Kohala, O Kohala ua Äpa apa a, Kohala of the Äpa apa a wind [rain], (Page 94) O luahele Kalani, The heavenly one is deceptive, O ka lua helemoku, The two cut apart (Page 332) O oe ia e Wailuaiki It is you, O Wailuaiki E ka läuli pali o Uli. The dark cliff of Uli. (Page 57) Pau ke aho i ke kahawai lau o Hilo, He lau ka pu u, a he mano kahawai, (Page 310) Ua lupea öpe a Kona e ka lä, Ua hinua e ka la i ke kai a Ehu, (Page 149) Breathless at the branched stream of Hilo, Numerous are the hills and valleys, Weary, weary is Kona in the scorching sun, Shiny is the surface of the tranquil sea of Ehu, 520

19 INDEX [Duplicate index entries exist (Kanuha, Kä o o, Mahuie, and Näihe) where the editors have not been able to determine whether individuals with the same name, spoken of in different parts of the narrative, are or are not the same person.] A ahoaka, Lïhu e, Kaua i, 313 A alaloloa, mountain trail, West Maui, 257 Absalom, biblical character, 86, 87, 117 Adams, Alexander, foreigner living on O ahu, 466; makes first Hawaiian flag, 467, 469 Adze, 465; stone battle-adze, ko i pähoa, ; named Olopü, , Ahahui Kamehameha (social organization), 491 Aha ula (red cord), Ahia (chief), 134; of Puna, 101, 146, 147; killed by Ke eaumoku, 121; supports Kïwala ö in Battle of Moku öhai, 121; descendants of, 127, 147; leads Puna warriors, 127; stature of, 128, ; fights Ke eaumoku, , ; fights and is killed by Kekühaupi o and Kamehameha, , 146; fights and is killed by Ke eaumoku and Kamehameha, ; sacrificed at Hikiau Heiau, 146, 147 Ahu Army, 33 Ahu ole, chief in Kame eiamoku s court, 235 Aikake. See Davis, Isaac Ailau, Mary, 501 Ailolo (ceremony), 6 10,13 18, 64 Äinakea (land division), Kohala, Hawai i, 92, 99 Ainapö, Ka ü, Hawai i, 182 Akakäne (person), of Olowalu, Maui, 233 Akalele, canoe paddler of Kahekili, 201 Aku (skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis), 177, , 496 Akua (ghost), Alae, Maui, 220 Alae, (mud hen, Gallinula chloropus), 487 Alanapo (cave), Öhaikea, Kapäpala, Ka ü, Hawai i, 93 Älanapö, Kona, Hawai i, 149 Älapa Army, under Kalani öpu u, 34, 37; defeated by Kahekili s army, 42 44, 46, 50, 56, 59, 62; under Kamehameha, 240, 408 Alapa imaloiki (chief), of Maui, 159 Alapa inui (Alapa i) (paramount chief, Hawai i Island), 24, 30, 45, 140, 154; Kamehameha dwells in the court of, 27, 28, 31; poisons Kamehameha s father, 27, 28, 53, 74; defeats Kalani öpu u s forces, 28; death of, 29; takes war to Moloka i and O ahu, 193 Alaska, Russian governor of, 473 Alenuihähä, channel between Maui and Hawai i, 35, 61, 201, 242, 295, 296, 402, 468 Alexander Alexander, W.D., on the Mämalahoa Law, 215; on the Battle of the Red-Mouthed Cannon, 297; on Kamehameha s use of the Fair American, 298; on Vancouver s visit, 359, 360, 362; concerning Kamehameha s forces invading O ahu, 400 Alika. See Adams Altar (lele), 13, 45, 87, 121, 144, , 187, 205, 265, 270, , 300, 358 Ambush, 277, 284 America, 371; North, 228, 379; South, 228 Anae (mullet, Mugil cephalus), Anak, biblical character, 146 Ancestors, spirits of, ; character of, 266 Anchor, 226, , Anger, 32, 46, 66, 68, 83, 95, 103, 111, 120, 189, , 216, 218, 231, 232, 235, , 244, 266, 272, 279, 287, 294, 300, 332, 352, 367, 373, 417, 432, 449 Äpa apa a (wind/rain), Kohala, Hawai i, 94, 261, 499 Apapane (bird, Himatione sanguinea), 102, 344, 402 Äpua (land division), Puna, Hawai i, 279 Armies, names of: Ahu, 32; Älapa, 33, 34, 37, 43 44, 46, 50, 56, 59, 62, 240, 408; Huelokü, 66, 68 69, 99, 172, 175, 198, 240, 407; Hunalele, 66, 68 69, 99, 126, 152, 172, 240, 259, 284, 407; Ï, 33; Ihe Makini, 66; Kaikaoa, 407; Kipu upu u, , , 200, 259, 277, 284; Luahine, 33; Mahi, 33, 172, 181; Malana, , 196, 198, 259, 276, 284; Ökaka, 240; Ona Hema, 66; Pä ia, 33; Palena, 33, 172, 240; Pi ipi i, 33, 34, 37, 521

20 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o 43 44, 46, 50, 56, 59, 62, 85, 175, 240, , 259; Pöniu, 117, 181; Pukeawe, 117, 181 Arthur (Ata) (ship), captained by Barber, 460 Au au, channel between Läna i and Maui, 293, 402 Au aulele (place), Ka ü, Hawai i, 77, 338 Aumakua (ancestral spirits), 156, 167, 169, 263, ; of lua, 6 7, 14 Awa (milkfish, Chanos chanos), Awa (Piper methyisticum), 33, 85, 93, , 111, 115, 118, 145, 182, 307, 317, 407, 440; black, 8 Axes, 236 Baker, John T., husband of Ululani, 95 Bamboo (Schizostachyum glaucifolium), 431, 433 Banana (Musa acuminata), 87, 92, 175, 231, 306, Baranoff, owns Russian ship, 470 Barber, Capt. Henry, visit of, ; ship runs aground, 463 Barber s Point, Ewa, O ahu, name explained, 463 Barter, , , 464 Basket, 440 Bath, ceremonial, Battles: Battle of, Bitter Rain (Kaua awa), 173, , , 245; Great Canoes (Kawa anui), 241, 245, ; Häpu u, , 193; House of Fragmented Warriors (He Hale Mälama Koa), 193; Ïao (Clawed Cliffs/ Ïao Ka Uwa u, Dammed Water of Ïao/Kepaniwai o Ïao), , , , 227, 292, 294, 300, 364, 382, 389, 397, 414; Kaipalaoa, ; Kakanilua (the Sand Dunes), 34 35, 36, 41, 42, 43 44, 46 49, 50, 59, 62, 85, 184, 193, 205; Kalaeoka ilio (Kaupö), 31 32; Kauauanuimahi, 193; Koapäpa a, , , ; Laupähoehoe Two, 191, , ; Moku öhai, 121, , , ; Nu uanu (Clawed Cliffs), , , 418, ; Red- Mouthed Cannon (Kepüwaha ulaula/ Waha ula/kawai), , 291, ; battles at: Hakalau, 68 72; Hana, ; Kalaupapa, ; Kawaihae, 29, 332, ; Ponahawale, ; Pu ukoa e, , 249 Battle Adze, stone (ko i pähoa), Beauty, 117, 243, , 343 Beckley (family), descendants of George Beckley, 501 Bering (ship), 470 Bishop, Capt. Charles, 448 Bodyguard, 83 84, 187, 197, 240, 391 Bones, 62, 101, 127, 138, , 335, 349, 419, 483, Boston, merchant ship from, 454 Bow and Arrows, 48, 147, , , 255, 277, 285; shot with fire, 252 Boxing, 2, 28, 75, 223 Bitter Rain (Kaua awa), Battle of, name explained, 173; account of, , , 245 Bravery, 8, 10, 25, 28, 29, 32, 73, 78, 83, 85, 117, 119, 121, 130, 155, 158, 175, 177, 180, , 191, 193, , 211, , 223, 224, 255, , 281, 288, , 297, 312, 326, 337, , 401, 403, 441 Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), 16, 344, 382, Britain, 298, 367, 380, 501; cession of Hawai i to, 292, 368, ; subjects of, Britannia (ship), Fair American renamed, Brown, Capt., 381; aids Kalaniküpule in battle with Kä eokülani, ; killed in dispute with Kalaniküpule, ; weapons captured, 409, 416 Butterworth (ship), captained by Brown, 381 Calabash, 305, 347, 430; for ointment, 329; with sand, 434 Campbell, Archibald, 459 Cannon, 53 55, 217, 226, 228, 233, 235, 241, 252, 255, , , 292, 296, , 368, 386, 388, 399, , , 436, 438, 444, 448, 460, 466, 471, 473, 474; named Kalola, 277; named Lopaka, 236, , Canoe, 6, 7, 8 15, 24, 25, 32, 34 35, 38 39, 53, 59 61, 63, 66 67, 74, 76, 83, , 106, , , 130, 137, 139, 144, , 165, 169, , , 180, 184, 185, 187, , , , , 217, 221, 226, 229, 231, , , 238, , 249, , 255, , 269, 284, , , 296, , 320, 324, , 337, , , 362, 366, 368, , 372, , 388, 391, , 402, , 427, , 444, 446, 450, 463, 468, 484, 490, , 496, 500,

21 Index Canoe shed, 15 Canton, China, 228, 466, 467 Captives, 13, 25, 28, 45, 120, , 154, , 220, 235, 239, 241, , 300, 352, 397, 419, 434 Cattle, 228, 361, 366, 374, 470 Cause, start war without, 31, 101, 161, , 301, 433; to start war, 110, 162, 171, , 242, 245, 269, , 292, 357, 362, 399 Cave, named Alanapo, 93 Celebration (ho olaule a), 339, 378, 421, 425 Chanelions of London, iron works in England, 377 Checkers (ho one ene e ili ili, könane), 41, 123 Chicken, 94, 225, 231, 256, 463 China, Ka iana visits, 228; sandalwood trade with, 56, ; Sea of, 467 Christianity, 133, 155, 253, 324, 376, 432, 454 Circuit, of an island, , 356, 358, , 365, 391, Clawed Cliffs ( Ïao Ka Uwa u), Battle of. See Ïao, Battle of Cleverness, 16, 22, 69, 74, 125, 154, 175, 181, 187, 192, , , 220, 265, 276, 278, 288, 292, 294, 315, 353, 361, 362, 366, 374, , 454 Cloth, red, 230 Clothing, foreign, 60, , 448, 460, 465, 501 Club (weapon), 128, 134, 280, 328, 330 Coconut (Cocus nucifera), 361; black, 8, 106; fiber shield, 118; frond, 354; milk, 106; oil, 186; sacred shell, ; shell bowl, 92; tree, 2 3, , 289; yellow, 145 Conch Shell. See Trumpet Cook, Capt. James, 58, 368, 378, 400; Kamehameha boards ship of, 51, 53 56, 59 61; death of, 225, 360; Vancouver served under, , 364 Cook, Thomas, 78 Council, of ali i, 45 46, , 171, , , 423, 430, 501; of the government ( aha kuhina), 451 Cowardliness, 28, 30, 135, 250, 277, 387, 389, 401 Crab, 259; a ama, 134; pai ea, 197; , 244 Crucifixion, 335 Daggers, stone (pöhaku pähoa), 95 Dammed Water of Ïao (Kepaniwai o Ïao). See Ïao, Battle of Daughters of Hawaii (women s society), 414 David, biblical character, 82, 86 Davis, George H., son of Isaac Davis, 333 Davis, Isaac, 229, 257, 401, 449, 466; poisoned at Honolulu, 217, 236, 447; fires cannons in Battle of the Red-Mouthed Cannon, 217, , 417; arrives on the Fair American, 235; taken captive by Kame eiamoku, 236; becomes favorite of Kamehameha, 236, 237, 239, 367, 368; fights under Kamehameha on Maui, 242; fires cannons in Battle of Ïao, 252, 255, ; fires cannons in Battle of Koapäpa a, ; serves as English translator, 368, 425; fires cannons in Battle of Nu uanu, 399, 412, 414; advises Kamehameha on medical care, 428; warns Kaumuali i of death plot, 447 Diamond Hill, Honolulu, O ahu, cliff of, 454 Dibble, Rev. Sheldon, on Keöua s death, 339; on the capture of Capt. Brown s ship, 398 Discovery (ship), of Capt. Cook, 56; Russian ship named, 470 Disease, squatting ( öku u), 96, 444; venereal, 425; measles, Dixon, Capt., George, 225 Dogs, 11, 94, 293, 296 Douglas, Capt., 229 Drowning, 372, 439, 443 Duke of Portland (ship), for whaling, 460 Education, of readers, 21, 148, 215, 224, 243, 246, 247, 280, 284, 291, 292, 306, 312, 358, 365, 385, 391, 417, 440, 453, 459, 467, 498 Eels, infant, 403 Ehu (chief), in epithet for Kona, 21, 103, 149, 177, 327 Eianinui (Elani), father of Kahahana, 62 Eleanora (ship), arrives in Hawai i, commanded by Metcalf, 230; involved in massacre at Olowalu, , 237; anchors at Kealakekua, ; plot to plunder, Ele ele (warrior), 269 Ele eleualani, name of kähili, 102 Eleuli, son of Keawemauhili, 241 Emma Kaleleonälani, Queen, 96 Ena, John Liwai, 95 Encouragement (inspiration), , 256, 257, 277, 295, , 424, 443, 491 England, king of, 291, 361, 460; Campbell returns to, 460 English language, speaking, 364, 369, 441, 455 Europe, 41, 174, 181,

22 Kamehameha and His Warrior Kekühaupi o Ewa (district), O ahu, 117, 386, 417, 463; Kalaniküpule defeats Kä eokülani in battle at, , 441; Kamehameha makes circuit through, 420, 421 Excrement, 427 Eye, single, 154; meaning covetous, 375; averted, 423 Fair American (ship), captained by Metcalf s son, 230; captured by Kame eiamoku, , 239; renamed Britannia, 298 Farming, 65, 99, 168, 169, 203, 205, 218, 226, 248, 260, 264, 268, 297, , 360, 364, 366, 376, , , 452, 465, 470, 493 Fearlessness (character), 1, 9, 28, 31, 32, 33, 37, 40, 42, 46, 47, 48, 54 55, 56, 60, 64, 69, 83, 84, 87, 90, 109, 122, 124, 130, , 152, 155, 158, , , , , 194, , 210, , 217, , 250, 255, , 274, , 282, 285, 288, 295, 301, , 358, 369, 388, 390, 409, 411, 413, 415, 416, 417, 418, 441, 472 Feather, cloak, and helmet, 32, 34, 40, 49, 60, 102, 118, 128, , 147, 151, 219, 228, 242, 271, 329, 344, 354, 361, 402, 436, 440, 448, 449, 460, 501; named Iouli, 271 Fencing (type of warfare), 3; with words, 264 Fern, 347; in forest, ; hö i o, 175; ama uma u, 69, 156, 175 Fireworks, Fish, 284, 309, 365, , 452, 473, , 496; goby, ; no skill in catching, 296; red, 145; manini, 329. See aku, anae, awa, eels, hilu, mälolo, mullet, niuhi, o opu, öpelu, shark, tuna Fishhook, 147, 225, 465 Fishing, 11, 99, 165, 169, 205, 206, 218, 226, 260, 264, 271, 297, 303, 342, 345, 348, 403, 422, 452, 492; fishing gourd, 173; fishing koa, 165 Fishpond, 270, 271, 272, 274, 279, 287, 290, 422, 423; Ka ihikapu, ; Kaloko, 499; Kawainui, 423; Kïholo, 498; Läläkea, 271, 274; Muliwai, 274; Pa aiea, 492, ; Punalu u, 279; Waiäkea, 287, 365 Flags, 344, , 500; British, 379, 467; Hawaiian 448, ; Russian 471, 473; for Makahiki, 344; for survey, 475 Food, 6, 13, 27, 29, 82, 83, , 109, 168, 175, 203, 204, , 281, 293, 305, 327, 331, 334, 342, , , 355, 359, 360, 367, 394, 419, , 437, 447, 449, , Forester (ship), engaged in trading, 467 Forgiveness, 112, 142, 247, 462 Fornander, Abraham, on Kamehameha meeting Capt. Cook, 55; on Keli imaika i being governor of Maui colonies, 222; on the Battle of the Red-Mouthed Cannon, 297; on Keöua s death, 339; on Vancouver s visit, 359, 364, 379 Fort, in Honolulu, 471; Russian, at Waimea, 471, 473 Fortification, 259, 295 Fourth of July, 425 Funerary (practices), 98, , , 139, 145, 334, 339, 349, 372, , 489, Gardner [Gorden], Capt., first officer under Capt. Brown, 394 Germans, Goliath, biblical character, 146 Good Heartedness, 219, 221, 223, 230, 261, 282, 397, 422, 424, 437, , 443, , 455, 460, Gourd, of hula, 437 Great Canoes (Kawa anui), Battle of, justification for, 241, 245; account of, ; name explained, 249 Grudges, 112, 261, 272, 290, 382 Grumble, 385, 406, , 434, 441, 457 Gun Powder, 228, 230, 236, 285, 439, 444, 465, Ha akülouokalani. See Ha alo u Ha alo u (chiefess), relationship to Kamehameha and Ka ahumanu, 263; sent for Kekuapo i on O ahu, , 307, 308, 432 Hä ao (rain), 77; in epithet for Ka ü, 329, 336, 338 Ha awenui (warrior), skilled with slingstones, 196; fights in battle at Ïao, 259 Hä ena, Hanalei, Kaua i, 313 Haili Church, 489 Hair, 375; ehu, 79, , 133 Hakalau (land division), Hilo, Hawai i, Kamehameha visits, 67 68; battle between Kamehameha and Maui warriors at, 68 72, 80, 193; Makoa returns from, 283 Häkau (chief), son of Lïloa, 193, 217; brother of Umialïloa,

23 Index Häkau (chiefess), wife of Kalani öpu u and Keohulu, 94, 96, 197; in Kamehameha s court, 379 Häkauwahine. See Häkau (chiefess) Haku Wauwiki o Hawai i Nei. See Ke eaumoku Päpa aheahe Hala (Pandanus tectorius), 128, 204, 206, 412 Haläli i (land division), Ni ihau, 440 Hälawa (land division), Ewa, O ahu, 421 Hälawa (land division), Kohala, Hawai i, 68, 184, 297; Kamehameha resides at, 62, 66, 495; Kamehameha reared at, 94; battle fought at, 186 Haleakalä (mountain), Maui, Kamehameha s army crosses, 219 Halehaku, Maui, 246 Hale Mämala Koa, Battle of, 193 Halemano, area in uplands of Waialua, O ahu, 332 Halema uma u (pit crater), Kïlauea Crater, Hawai i, home of Pele, 496, 497 Hale öhi u, Kona, Hawai i, 492 Haleokapuni, channel off-shore of Pu ukohola, Kawaihae, Hawai i 330 Haleokeawe (heiau/repository of the dead), Hönaunau, Kona, body of Kalani öpu u taken to 98, 99, 101, 103, 106, 114, 121; Kamehameha morns Kalani öpu u at, 113; battle casualties offered at, 126; human remains found near, 146; visitor attraction, 305 Häloa (mythical character), 76, 477 Hämäkua (district), Hawai i, warriors and chiefs of, 45, 67, 97, 101, 121, 134, 169, 193, , 240; ruled by, 159, 289; battle fought at, ; Keöua plunders lands in, 269, 271, 274, 276, 290; Battle of Koapäpa a fought at, 280, 282, ; Pu ukohola Heiau built by people from, 304; large populations of, 370; saying about, 403 Hämäkua o Kupapaulau, Hämäkua, Hawai i, Kamehameha fights armies of Hilo and Hämäkua at, 197 Hämäkualoa (district), Maui, 246 Hamebile. See Hannibal Hämoa (land division), Häna, Maui, Kamehameha s fleet lands at, 242, 249 Hamohamo, Waikïkï, O ahu, 396 Häna (district), Maui, 55, 183, 220, 225, 261, 300, 331, 353; controlled by Hawai i Island chiefs, 31, 218, 222; occupied by Kalani öpu u, 31, 58; Kalaninuimäloku sent to occupy, , 260; birthplace of Ka ahumanu, 224; occupied by Kamehameha, , 246, 249; Kä eokülani stays at, 295; kahuna from, Hanakahi, place in chant, 57 Hanakäpï ai (land division), Kaua i, 313 Hanalei, Kaua i, bay of, 472; valley of, 472, 473 Hanapëpë (land division), Humehume Kaumuali i defeated above, 432 Hanawana, Hämäkualoa, Maui, 246 Handsome, 79, 84, 86 87, 117, 267, 359, 406, 415 Hannibal, story of, 385 Hanuna, character in chant, 146 Häpu u, Kohala, Hawai i, Kamehameha raised at, 184; Maui warriors camp at, 184; battle fought at, , 193 Harpoon, 12 Hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus), bark, 10, 11; leaf, 267; stick, 2, Haughty, , 492 Hauhaukoi, Kapälama, O ahu, 407 Hauiki, Ke ei, Kona, Hawai i, favored as battle site, 111; Battle of Moku öhai takes place at, 127 Hauola, surfing place, Lahaina, Maui, 402, 403 Ha upu (mythical bird), 435 Hä upu (place), in chant, 314; on Kaua i, 435 Hau ula (land division), O ahu, 422 Hawaii Board of Missions, 127 Hawai i (island), ruler of, 24, 27, 29, 96, 97, 102, 140, 305, 311, 348, 479; Häna colonized by chiefs from, 31; Kaupö plundered by warriors from 31, 218, 222; Maui warriors defeat armies from, 31, 42 44, 46 49; Maui invaded by forces from, 35, 39, 246, 250, 251; peace declared between Maui and, 50; word of Capt. Cook reaches, 58 59; land distribution on, 98, 100, 103, 113, 115, 149, 157, 159, 209, 271, 289, 342, 360; internecine warfare, 168, 175, 183, 274, 322; canoe timber of, 202; Maui forces defeated by those from, 219, 221; foreign ships arrive at, 234; Maui forces battle those of, 252, 255, 256, ; governor of, 263; Kamehameha returns to, 272, 273, 275, 276, 430, 450, 465, 468; Maui and Kaua i forces invade, ; saying about, 307; Kamehameha makes circuit of, 339, 343, 525