2017 학년도 4 월고 3 전국연합학력평가정답및해설

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1 2017 학년도 4 월고 3 전국연합학력평가정답및해설 3 교시영어영역 [ 듣기 ] 1. [ 출제의도 ] 적절한응답고르기 W: Robert, are you okay? I heard from your sister that you were sick. M: Thanks for asking, Emily. I came down with a terrible cold. W: I m sorry to hear that. So, how do you feel now? M: [ 어구 ] come down with ( 병에 ) 걸리다 2. [ 출제의도 ] 적절한응답고르기 M: Hi, Lucy. Do you have some free time now? W: Sure, Austin. [Pause] Oh, you re doing your homework. M: Yeah, I ve been struggling with this math question for an hour. I need your help. W: [ 어구 ] struggle with ~ 로고심하다 3. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의목적파악하기 [Chime bell rings.] M: Hello, residents. I m the chief manager in the apartment maintenance office. As we ve announced before, the paint job of our apartment buildings will last five days starting next Monday. Since there ll be noise and inconvenience during this process, your cooperation will be greatly appreciated. Please remove all your personal items like boxes or bicycles from the stairway to allow the staff to properly paint the walls. Also, please park your cars in the spaces where work isn t underway according to the work schedule. If you don t move them, your cars could possibly get paint on them while the staff works on the residential parking lot. Thank you for your cooperation. [ 어구 ] inconvenience 불편 underway 진행중인 4. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의의견파악하기 M: Mom! I ve got a letter from my college. W: Let me see... Oh, it s about applying for the dormitory. M: Yeah, but I ve never thought about living in a dormitory. W: Well, it has many benefits like convenient access to classes and the library. M: But, I don t want to share a room with others. W: I know what you mean. However, it s also a good chance to easily make new friends. M: That makes sense. They could help me with some troubles about college life. W: Exactly. The college is two hours away. You can save time by not commuting so far. M: Right. I can get more sleep in order to focus on academics. W: Now, you see why I think living in a dormitory is helpful for college life. M: Sure. I got it. [ 어구 ] commute 통학하다 5. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의관계추론하기 W: Excuse me, sir! You don t look well. Is everything okay? M: No. I don t feel well now. W: Could you please tell me what s wrong? I can help you, sir. M: My stomach is upset after the in-flight meal. W: Oh, was there something wrong with the meal we d served? M: Not really. I think it s from sitting in this uncomfortable position for too long. W: Maybe you re right. Why don t you loosen your seat belt for a while or stretch, sir? M: Good idea. Also, could you get me some warm water? W: Sure. If you don t get better, I ll get you some medicine as well. M: Thank you. But, for now I d rather walk around in the aisle. W: Okay, but when we make the landing announcement, you should sit down and fasten your seat belt again, okay? M: Yes, I will. [ 어구 ] announcement 안내방송 6. [ 출제의도 ] 대화의세부내용파악하기 M: Beth, what s that? W: I found this photo yesterday. It was taken a long time ago. M: Can I see it? [Pause] Oh, there s a roller coaster in the background of the picture. Your family must ve been at an amusement park. W: Correct. My mom took this photo. Do you see a clown in front of the ticket booth? M: Yeah, what a funny face! I also see a man wearing glasses. Is he your father? W: Of course, he is. Look! I m standing next to him. M: The girl with a hat in her hand? Is that you? W: Yes. I was five back then. M: How cute! Oh, I see a popcorn cart on the right side in the picture. Did you eat popcorn there? W: Actually I don t remember, because I was too young. M: Anyway, everybody looks so happy in this picture. W: Right. We had fun at the amusement park. [ 어구 ] amusement park 놀이공원 7. [ 출제의도 ] 대화의특정정보파악하기 W: Honey, I m really excited about our picnic to the Cherry Blossom Festival today. M: So am I. The flowers will be beautiful this season. W: Right. I m expecting to take a lot of pictures with our kids there. M: But, I think we need sunscreen and hats. W: Yeah, I ve already packed them in my bag. What are the kids doing? M: They re washing their faces and brushing their 1 teeth upstairs. W: Good. By the way, where are the fruit and snacks I bought? M: I put them in the portable cooler just before. Umm, what s for lunch? W: Well, I m making salads and strawberry juice. So, would you make some sandwiches? M: Okay, I ll make ham and egg sandwiches. What do you think? W: Sounds great. Thank you. [ 어구 ] portable 휴대용의 8. [ 출제의도 ] 대화의특정정보파악하기 M: Hey, Isabel! What are you looking at on your laptop? W: Puppies. My dog Amber gave birth to five puppies last week. M: Really? Let me see, how adorable! Are you going to keep them all? W: I m afraid not. Even though I d love to have all of them, my house isn t big enough. M: Then, is somebody going to adopt some of the puppies? W: Yes, my aunt can afford to raise two of them. Wait, do you have a dog? M: No, but my parents do. I d also love to have one, but I can t. W: Why not? Are you allergic to dogs by any chance? M: No, I m not. But my house will be empty a lot because of my frequent business trips. W: Right. Dogs need a lot of care and love especially when they re young. M: That s my point. I don t want to leave a puppy alone in an empty house so often. W: That makes sense. [ 어구 ] adorable 사랑스러운 9. [ 출제의도 ] 대화의특정정보파악하기 W: Hello. I m looking for a suitcase. M: Yes, ma am. What size would you like? W: Well, I d like a carry-on suitcase, please. M: I see. Our carry-on suitcases come in two types, fabric and plastic. W: What s the price of each one? M: The fabric one is $60, and the plastic one is $80. W: This plastic one would be better for my vacation. I ll take it. M: Okay, one plastic carry-on suitcase. Anything else? We also sell comfortable travel pillows here. They re useful for long distance trips. W: Sounds good. Let me see... I love the design and color of this pillow. How much is it? M: It s only $10. W: Really? My friends also need pillows. I ll buy three of them. M: Very good. Since your purchase is over $100, you get $10 off the total. W: Wonderful! Here s my credit card. [ 어구 ] carry-on 휴대용의 10. [ 출제의도 ] 대화의특정정보파악하기 M: Hailey, have you heard of the movie Futurist? W: No. What s that? M: It s a science fiction movie that shows life in the year W: 2070? I can t imagine what life would be like. What s the movie about? M: The plot is about a character accidentally

2 traveling to the future. So, she has to adapt to completely new surroundings. W: That sounds interesting. M: And I heard it took three years to make the film. W: Wow, it must be well-made. When will it be released? M: On April 15th. Why don t we go see it? W: Okay. I wonder who the main actors are in the movie. M: Sarah Taylor plays the leading role. And some other famous actors star in the movie. W: Awesome! I love Sarah Taylor. Let s book the tickets online right away. [ 어구 ] accidentally 우연히 11. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의세부내용파악하기 W: Hello, listeners! I m Nancy Brier for Radio Travel World. Today, I m going to talk about a fantastic island in Australia, Kalson Island. It was first discovered in the 18th century. Thanks to its natural beauty, it became a national park 20 years ago. It s one of the largest sand islands in the world. Kalson Island has more than 50 lakes to swim in, and some of them attract huge numbers of visitors every day. You can go fishing there all year round because of the diverse range of fish. Also, you can enjoy camping and overnight trekking, except during the winter season. These days, this island is a popular tourist destination. If you re dreaming about a nice vacation, why don t you go to Kalson Island? [ 어구 ] destination 목적지 12. [ 출제의도 ] 대화의세부내용파악하기 W: Honey, Bob s birthday is coming up. Why don t we buy him some books? M: Good idea. Our son is a book lover. W: I got this brochure for kids book sets at the bookstore nearby. M: That s nice. Let s see. [Pause] We already bought him some books on flowers last year. W: I know. So let s choose a different topic for the books this time. M: Absolutely. Also, I don t think it s a good idea to buy a set with more than 10 books. W: I agree. Our son can get bored easily with too many books on the same topic. M: Right. Then, which cover do you think is better, hardcover or paperback? W: I like hardcover because that type lasts longer even though it tends to be more expensive. M: I prefer hardcover, too. Now we have two options left. W: Okay. They have the same number of books in each set. So, how about getting the cheaper one? M: Good. Let s buy it. [ 어구 ] brochure 안내책자 13. [ 출제의도 ] 적절한응답고르기 M: Hey, Kate. What are you doing in front of the mirror? W: I m checking my costume, Tom. M: Costume for what? You re not in the school play this time, are you? W: I wasn t at first, because I failed the audition. But a miracle happened! M: What do you mean? W: Two days ago, the director called me. He offered me the very role I d wanted. M: Congratulations! I know how much you ve longed for that role. W: Thank you. He said the student for that part gave it up because of personal reasons. M: I feel sorry for her. But, happy for you. W: Yes. You know I even memorized almost all of the lines for that role before the audition. M: Sure, I know. So, everything s okay with your practice? W: Well, I m trying hard. But I m not sure if I can do well. M: [ 어구 ] miracle 기적 14. [ 출제의도 ] 적절한응답고르기 W: Peter, what are you looking for? M: Have you seen my white shirt, Sally? I can t find it. W: I put it in the washing machine with the other clothes an hour ago. They must be done by now. M: Thanks. I d like to wear it for the meeting with clients tomorrow. W: Would you take the clothes out of the washing machine and put them in the dryer? M: Okay. [Pause] Oh, no! I think the washing machine isn t working. W: Really? What s wrong with the machine? M: I don t know. But, none of the clothes are washed. W: That s awful! We ve already fixed it several times. M: Right. You know we ve been using this machine for more than 10 years. W: For that long? Well, fixing it again is a waste of money. It s time to buy a new one. M: You got a point. It s more economical to get a new washing machine. W: [ 어구 ] client 고객 15. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의상황에맞는적절한표현고르기 M: Daniel and Amy work in the same office. Daniel s hobby is baking. From time to time he brings cookies and cakes to the office and shares them with his coworkers. They always enjoy his treats and praise him for his baking skills. One day, Daniel makes a cheesecake and brings it to the office. Amy eats a piece of the cake and is really impressed. Since Daniel s cake is so rich and delicious, Amy decides to make the same cheesecake for her mother s birthday the following week. Now, Amy wants to ask Daniel for the list of ingredients and the instructions for making that cake. In this situation, what would Amy most likely say to Daniel? Amy: [ 어구 ] impress 감동을주다 16~17 긴담화듣기 W: Hello, everyone. I m Claire Smith, chief curator from the National Science Museum. Thanks for attending today s lecture. Now, I m going to talk about A.I. technology used in various fields. As you know, A.I. stands for artificial intelligence, and it s already part of our life. First, it analyzes and learns our lifestyles to enhance convenience and 2 efficiency at home. It predicts our needs and automatically adjusts our domestic environments such as temperature and lighting. Second, A.I. systems used in hospitals interpret complex medical information and support clinical decisions. Their highly accurate analysis of medical images is used to detect possible diseases, and to design treatment plans. Third, more banks use A.I. to study financial data and manage money effectively. It evaluates customers records and makes wiser investments by predicting changes in the market. Fourth, automation in factories keeps increasing productivity due to the evolving technology. A.I. robots learn from their own mistakes like humans and perform their jobs perfectly. Now, we re aware of these uses of artificial intelligence. After taking a short break, we re going to continue our discussion on this topic. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask. [ 어구 ] domestic 가정의 interpret 해석하다 16. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의주제파악하기 17. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의세부내용파악하기 [ 읽기 ] 18. [ 출제의도 ] 글의목적추론하기 Jackie 에게, 저는 Andew 대학입학과장학금을위한당신의추 천서요청을받아서기뻤습니다. 물론저는지역사회 에서다양한활동을통해수년간당신의부모님을 알아왔지만, 유감스럽게도당신자신의학업능력, 성격, 목표에대해제가아는것은극히제한적입니 다. 저와당신의부모님과의좋은관계에대해서는 제가기꺼이말씀드리겠지만, 거의교제가없었던누 군가에대해판단을내리는것에는주저하게됩니다. 아마도제가할수있는것보다훨씬더나은추천 을당신에게해줄수있는누군가를찾을수있을 것입니다. 저는당신이 Andew 대학에서의학문적 추구에서최고의성과가있기를바랍니다. Mark Harris [ 어구 ] hesitate 주저하다 pursuit 추구 19. [ 출제의도 ] 필자의주장추론하기 많은성공한사람들이하는가장힘들어하는 것중하나가그들자신의믿음에도전하는것이다. 한때는진실이었고유용했을지모르는신념들이바 뀔지도모른다. Friedrich Nietzsche 가 그것은그저 자신의신념들에용기를가지는문제가아니라, 때로 자신의신념들을공격하는용기를가지는문제이다. 라고말했을때그것을잘표현했다. 그것이여러분 이성장하는방법이다. 그것이여러분이성숙해지는 방법이다. 그것이여러분이발전하는방법이다. 때로 자기자신의신념들을공격해야한다는것을깨달았 기때문에성장하고자했던사람의훌륭한본보기인 Tolstoy 그를보아라. Socrates 가 반성하지않는삶 은살아갈가치가없다. 라고말했을때그것을잘 표현했다. 그러나우리는반성하는삶이고통스럽고, 위험하고, 취약함으로가득하다는것을덧붙일필요 가있다. 그런데하지만대중적논의에새로활력을 불어넣기위해우리는자기비판과자기수정이우 리사회와세상에서뿐만아니라우리개인의삶에서 도강조되는것을확실히해야만한다. [ 어구 ] vulnerability 취약함 revitalize 새로활력을 불어넣다 20. [ 출제의도 ] 글의요지파악하기

3 왜우리는정기적으로자동차의오일을바꿔줄필요가있는가? 왜우리는일년에두번치과진료를받을필요가있는가? 이러한질문들에대한간단한답은예방관리이다. 여러분은사람들이경고신호를무시해서불운한상황이하룻밤사이에나타난듯한이야기를얼마나많이들어봤는가? 내친구한명은자신의 ( 자동차 ) 앞타이어중한곳에못이박혀있다는것을알았지만, 그타이어에어떤눈에띄는손상이있는것같지는않았다. 그는그못을무시하기로했고, 결국타이어에바람이빠진채고속도로한쪽에있는자신을발견하게되었다. 타이어에바람이빠지는당황스러운경험을하기전에그는 시간이있을때그것을수리할계획이었다 고나중에나에게말했다. 만약에그가그못을제거하기위해몇분만시간을들였더라면, 그는틀림없이그날타이어에바람이빠지는일은당하지않았을것이다. [ 어구 ] adverse 불운한 21. [ 출제의도 ] 글의주제추론하기 최적의체중을달성하기어려운이유들중하나는적절하지않은영양소섭취시기이다. 여러분이 언제 먹는지가 무엇 을먹는지와거의마찬가지로중요한데, 왜냐하면동일한영양소가다른시기에섭취되면신체에다른영향을미치기때문이다. 신체의에너지요구는하루종일변한다. 언제라도그것 [ 신체 ] 의즉각적인에너지요구를충족시키기위해여러분신체의에너지요구가가장큰그러한시기에음식섭취를집중하는것과신체가요구하는것보다더많은칼로리를섭취하지않는것이중요하다. 에너지요구가최고조인시기에칼로리를섭취하면그중대부분은여러분의근육과신경계에연료를공급하고, 근육조직을합성하고, 근육의연료저장을다시채우기위해사용된다. 언제라도여러분이필요한것보다더많은칼로리를섭취하면그초과된칼로리는체지방으로저장될것이다. [ 어구 ] optimal 최적의 synthesize 합성하다 22. [ 출제의도 ] 글의제목파악하기 여러분이누군가에게하는말이그사람을성공하게하거나실패하게할가능성이있을수도있어서말을신중하게선택하는것이중요하다. 여러분이다른사람들과하려는이야기를이롭게하는것에관해서라면, 이것은훨씬더중요해진다. 만약여러분이그말이다른사람에게어떻게받아들여질지에대해생각하지않고자신의머릿속에떠오르는대로무엇이든그냥말을하는사람이라면, 여러분은자신을사교적대화자로서실패하는상황에처하게할것이다. 대부분의사람들은자신들이생각하기에너무퉁명스러운사람들을멀리하고, 여러분이둔감하면몇몇사람들은심지어용감하게여러분을두고떠날것이다. 말을신중하게선택하는것은여러분이말할것에대해서미리생각했었을거라는것을의미한다. 여러분이사교적인대화를계속하도록도와주는것이외에도말하기전에생각하는것은여러분이결국 ( 말하지않고 ) 삼켰기를바라게될지도모르는몇가지당혹스러운것들을말하지않도록하는데또한도움이된다. [ 어구 ] blunt 퉁명스러운 23. [ 출제의도 ] 주인공의심경추론하기 비행기에서내리자, 열기가 Kara의뼛속까지스며들었다. 새로운공기를마시면서그녀는새로운시작만이줄수있는그런종류의흥분을느꼈다. 비행기에서받은전문서퍼의전화번호를자신의주머니속에접어넣고, 그녀는흥미진진한새로운삶에대한기대감을느꼈다. 그녀는자신의새로운아파트로가는택시를잡았는데, 그아파트는그녀가온라인으로찾았던것으로, 그녀가걸어서갈수있을정도로캠 퍼스에가깝지만캠퍼스행사로부담이될거라고느끼지않을정도로떨어져있었다. 얼굴에와닿는따뜻한공기와뜨거운햇빛을맞이하며그녀는행복하게창문밖을바라보았고, 달리기를하고, 스케이트보드를타고, 친구들과편하게어울려다니는건강한모습의사람들로가득한야자수길을보았다. 그녀는친구사귀기를시작하러빨리해변으로가고싶어견딜수가없었다. [ 어구 ] hang out with ~ 와어울려다니다 24. [ 출제의도 ] 도표의내용파악하기 위도표는 2006년과 2013년에미국인들이얼마나자주패스트푸드식당에서식사를했는지를보여준다. 매일패스트푸드식당에서식사한응답자들은 2006년과 2013년두해모두 3% 로가장작은비율을차지했다. 2006년에비해일주일에여러번패스트푸드식당에서식사한응답자비율과일주일에약한번그렇게한응답자비율이 2013년에감소했다. 2006년에일주일에약한번패스트푸드식당에서식사했다고보고한응답자비율이 33% 를차지하며가장컸다. 2013년에한달에한두번패스트푸드식당에서식사한응답자비율은일년에몇번그랬다고말한응답자비율의두배보다작았다 ( 컸다 ). 패스트푸드식당에서전혀식사하지않은응답자비율은 2006년과 2013년에서로동일했다. [ 어구 ] account for ~ 을차지하다 25. [ 출제의도 ] 글의세부내용파악하기 Frank Lloyd Wright는 1867년 6월 8일에 Wisconsin 주에서태어났다. 어린시절에 Wright는언덕으로이루어진경치에반했다. 이것은건축가로서의그가자신의건축물에더유기적인느낌을포함시키도록영감을불어넣었다. 대학시절 Wright는자신의수업료를내기위해건축가와함께일을했다. 그주제 [ 건축 ] 에대한자기자신의열정과재능을발견하자마자, 그는학교를중퇴하고시카고에있는건축회사에일하러갔다. 그는결국그회사를떠나지진을견뎌낼수있는도쿄의호텔을포함해그에게명성을안겨준일련의공공건축물과개인주택을설계하기시작했다. 대공황때문에 Lloyd는설계를그만두고글쓰기와가르치는일을시작했다. 후에그는현장으로돌아와자신의가장유명한건축물중하나인 Fallingwater 를설계했는데, 그것은폭포꼭대기에지어졌다. Time 은완공후에그것을 Wright가한 가장아름다운일 이라고언급했다. [ 어구 ] part ways with ~ 을떠나다 26. [ 출제의도 ] 글의세부내용파악하기 채소가꾸기워크숍여러분자신의채소를길러보세요. 매주일요일 : 4월 9일, 16일, 23일 & 30일오전 9시 30분 ~ 오후 1시 30분 ( 아래사항을 ) 배움으로써여러분자신의신선한유기농정원을만들어보세요. 1. 무엇을, 어떻게, 그리고언제심는가 2. 여러분의현재토양을좋게만드는법 수업에샐러드채소와수제빵으로된점심이포함될것입니다. 장소 : Anne s Farm (756 River St. South City) 비용 : 100달러 ( 최초 30명의지역주민은 20% 할인 : 가능여부는전화로문의해주세요.) 수업에등록하려면웹상의 Anne s Farm 행사페이지로가거나 로전화해주세요. [ 어구 ] organic 유기농의 27. [ 출제의도 ] 글의세부내용파악하기 Laurier 대학의 History Course: War and Memory 3 이역사강좌는제1차세계대전의원인과결과를살펴봅니다. 이강좌는또한제1차세계대전을더심층적으로들여다보기위해전쟁박물관으로의현장학습을포함합니다. 강좌날짜 2017년 8월 21일 ~ 8월 27일강좌수업료 1인당 300달러 ( 교통비포함 ) 신청방법 신청자는최소한 2학년이어야합니다. 신청서는 7월 31일까지받을것입니다. 신청서는이메일로 Christine Wieg에게 cwieg@lu.ca 로제출되어야합니다. 질문이있으면 Terry Couper에게 으로연락하십시오. [ 어구 ] in-depth 심층적인 submit 제출하다 28. [ 출제의도 ] 어법상틀린표현고르기 근대초기유럽에서수로를통한운송은대개육로를통한운송보다훨씬더저렴했다. 1550년에이탈리아의한인쇄업자는 Rome에서 Lyons까지책한짐을보내는데뱃길로는 4스쿠도인데비해육로로는 18스쿠도가들것이라고추정했다. 편지는보통육로로운반되었지만운하용배를통해사람뿐만아니라편지와신문을운송하는시스템이 17세기에네덜란드공화국에서발달했다. 그배들의평균속력은시속 4마일이약간넘었는데말을타고다니는사람에비해느렸다. 반면그서비스는규칙적이고빈번하고저렴해서 Amsterdam과더작은마을들사이뿐만아니라작은마을과또다른작은마을간에도연락이가능했고, 따라서정보에대한접근을균등하게했다. 운송과메시지연락사이의전통적인관계가깨진것은바로 1837년전기전신의발명으로인해서였다. [ 어구 ] overland 육로로 accessibility 접근 [ 해설 ] 주어가 the traditional link이므로단수동사 was가적절하다. 29. [ 출제의도 ] 문맥에맞는적절한어휘고르기 여러분은친구가되고싶은어떤사람을칭찬하기위해제삼자를이용하면서도여전히여러분의칭찬대상이자신에대해좋은감정을느끼고, 나아가여러분에대해서좋은감정을느끼게한것으로 공적 을인정받을수있다. 여러분이다른사람들, 특히여러분이그들로부터무언가를원할지도모른다고의심하는누군가를직접칭찬할때, 그들은여러분이아첨을통해의도적으로그들에게영향을미치려고노력하고있다고의심하기때문에여러분의노력을깎아내리는경향이있다. 제삼자의칭찬은이런의심을없앤다. 제삼자의칭찬을만들어내기위해서여러분은여러분과여러분의관심대상인사람을모두알고있는공통의친구나아는사람을찾을필요가있을것이다. 더욱이여러분은자신이선택한제삼자가여러분의칭찬을그것이의도된그사람에게전달해줄거라는것을어느정도확신해야한다. 만약이정보의전달이성공하면여러분이여러분의관심대상인사람을다음에만났을때그사람은긍정적인관점에서여러분을보게될것이다. [ 어구 ] flattery 아첨 skepticism 의심 acquaintance 아는사람 30. [ 출제의도 ] 지칭하는대상파악하기 한정비사에게정비사가된다는것이진정으로무엇을의미하는가에대한지식을얻기원하는한수습생이있었다. 그학생을받아들이면서그정비사는그정비소에서정비사가되는것의상세한것들을그에게보여주었다. 그가그학생에게질문을할때그가제시한답이올바르면그는언제나그를칭찬했

4 다. 심지어그답이맞지않았을때도그는그학생이정답을생각해보도록격려했다. 그가정답을생각해낼수없는드문상황에서는그정비사는대신에, 가서그의책을들여다보라고그에게말했다. 또한그정비사는그학생이그와정비사가될그의능력을믿는누군가가있다고말했다. [ 어구 ] ins and outs 상세한것들 31. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸내용추론하기 심리학에서어떤것의 모델 은설명되고있는그것의정확한복제로결코간주되어서는안되고, 오히려그것의표상으로간주되어야한다. 예를들어, 런던지하철지도는그것이어떻게운행되고어디로가는지우리가이해하도록도와주는지하철지면배치도의표상이다. 물론방향, 축척등은그페이지에모두깔끔하게들어맞도록다소왜곡된것이틀림없다. 기억의모델역시표상이다. 이용가능한증거를바탕으로모델은우리에게기억이어떻게작용하는지에대한비유를제시한다. 저장소 또는 단계 또는 회로 라는용어로기억을설명하는것은우리의이해를더욱구체적으로만들어주고, 어떤특정한심리학자가이용가능한그증거를어떻게이해하고설명하려고시도했는지에대한대략적개념을독자에게간단하게전달한다. 이모델들은이용가능한증거가바뀜에따라변화하고따라서불변의고정된것들로여겨져서는안된다. [ 어구 ] layout ( 지면 ) 배치도 scale 축척 32. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸내용추론하기 여러분이지나가는생각, 감정또는기분에자신이자극받는다고느낄때마다단순한선택을하는데 구별하기 또는 동일시하기 이다. 여러분은그생각을관찰하고그것을 구별할 수있다. 또는여러분은자신을그생각에사로잡히게둘수있는데, 다시말해서그것과 동일시할 수있다. 이름을붙이는것은여러분이동일시하지않도록구별하는것을도와준다. 여러분이자신의지나가는생각, 감정그리고기분을알아차릴때, 오, 저것은나의오랜친구 Fear야, 저기 Inner Critic이가네. 와같이그것들에이름을붙이는것은그것들이여러분에게미치는영향을중화시키고여러분이자신의균형과침착상태를유지하도록돕는다. 내친구 Donna는 Freddy Fear, Judge Judy 그리고 Anger Annie 와같은유머러스한이름을자신의감정반응에붙이는것을좋아하기까지한다. ( 덧붙이자면유머는여러분이발코니에서 ( 연극을보는듯한 ) 관점 [ 객관적시각 ] 을되찾는것을도와주는데훌륭한협력자가될수있다.) 극중에서등장인물에게이름을붙이는순간, 여러분은그또는그녀에게서자신을떼어놓게된다. [ 어구 ] trigger 자극하다 neutralize 중화시키다 33. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸내용추론하기 여기어릴때내가군인가정에서자라고해외에서살면서배운것이있다. 사람들이나처럼생기지않거나심지어나와같은언어로말하지도않는환경에있었던것이명백한유사성이있는안전지대로부터나를밀어냈다. 여러분이집에서나와걸으며거리에있는대부분의사람들이다른언어를말한다는것을알게되면, 여러분은그사실을마음에걸려하거나아니면마음의문을열고여러분이공유하는인간의더큰공통점을알아차리기시작할수있다. 아마도여러분의국적과언어와문화와피부색은똑같지않을테지만, 가족과딸기에대한여러분의사랑과명절날의전통은부정할수없이똑같다. 그것은공통점을발견하는훈련의장이었다. 그리고그곳에서문화와언어와사람들에대한나의흥미가시작되었다. 다름에대해지나치게집중하는것은여러분의감화력을좁힌다. 그러나여러분이공 통점에집중할때여러분의감화력은커진다. [ 어구 ] get hung up on ~ 을마음에걸려하다 commonality 공통점 34. [ 출제의도 ] 연결사추론하기 세계의거의모든지역에있어, 사망자가가장적은 최적 기온이있다. 이기온의어느쪽이든더추워지고더더워질때모두, 사망률이증가한다. 하지만, 최적기온이무엇인지는다른문제이다. 만약여러분이 Helsinki에산다면최적기온은약화씨 59도이지만, Athens에서는여러분은화씨 75도에서가장잘지낸다. 주목할중요한점은최적기온이일반적으로평균여름기온과매우유사하다는것이다. 따라서, 실제기온은최적기온보다매우드물게올라갈것이지만, 매우자주그것은 ( 최적기온보다 ) 아래로내려갈것이다. Helsinki에서 ( 실제기온이 ) 일반적으로최적기온을일년당 18일만웃도는반면, 그것 [ 실제기온 ] 은 ( 일년에 ) 무려 312일을그기온 [ 최적기온 ] 보다밑돈다. 연구에따르면 Helsinki에서매년추가로 55명이너무더워서사망하지만, 너무추워서는 1,655명정도가사망한다. [ 어구 ] optimal 최적의 exceed 웃돌다 35. [ 출제의도 ] 글의순서파악하기 여러분이방금 Happy Birthday 를튜바로연주했다고상상해보라. 다음으로여러분은그것을높은음조의바이올린으로연주한다. 그튜바의소리중어떤것도바이올린에의해똑같이만들어지지는않는다. (B) 하지만, 우리는흥미로운것을발견하는데, 음들사이의 관계 가동일하게유지되는한그멜로디를여전히알아차릴수있다. 이제여러분이 Happy Birthday 의음들을올바른순서이지만한시간당한음의속도로연주한다면어떤일이일어날까? 우리는무엇을얻게될까? 아무것도없다! (C) 분리된음들은더이상멜로디가아닐것이다. 인지적으로, 그멜로디는어쨌든그것을규정하는개별음들이상의것이다. Gestalt 학파를출범시켰던것이바로이와같은관찰결과들이었다. (A) 독일어단어인 Gestalt 는형태, 양식또는전체를뜻한다. Gestalt 심리학자들은경험들을부분으로분석하는것이아니라, 전체단위로사고, 학습그리고인지를연구했다. 그들의표어는 전체는그부분들의합보다더크다. 였다. [ 어구 ] perception 인지 launch 출범시키다 36. [ 출제의도 ] 글의순서파악하기 지구는다소불규칙한시계이다. 몇년에걸쳐하루의길이는 1,000만분의 1, 즉일년인 3,150만초에서 3초만큼변하는것으로드러난다. (B) 게다가매년천분의몇초만큼계절에따른변화도있다. 겨울에지구는 ( 회전속도가 ) 느려지고, 여름에는빨라진다. 지구를회전하는스케이트타는사람이라고생각해보라. (A) 북반구에서겨울동안에물은바다에서증발하여높은산들에얼음과눈으로쌓인다. 바다로부터산꼭대기로의이러한물의이동은그스케이트타는사람이자신의팔을뻗는것과유사하다. (C) 따라서지구는겨울에느려지고, 여름이되면그눈이녹아바다로다시흘러가고, 지구는다시빨라진다. 이런효과는대륙의대부분이북반구에있기때문에남반구의반대효과에의해상쇄되지않는다. [ 어구 ] evaporate 증발하다 accumulate 쌓이다 compensate 상쇄하다 37. [ 출제의도 ] 문장삽입하기 거의모든과학은모델들을자료에맞춰가는것이다. Galileo, Newton 그리고 Mendel 같은과학자들은실험을설계하고, 관찰을하고, 자료를수집했다. 그들은그다음에이론들을고안함으로써, 즉 4 자신들이관찰한그자료를설명하기위해모델들을구축함으로써지식을추출하려고노력했다. 그들은그러고나서예상을하기위해이이론들을사용하고, 만약그것들이잘되지않으면그들은더많은자료를수집하고그이론들을수정했다. 이러한자료수집그리고이론 / 모델구축과정은그들이충분한설명력을가진모델을얻을때까지계속되었다. 우리는이제이러한유형의자료분석이더이상수동으로이루어질수없는시점에있는데, 왜냐하면그러한분석을할수있는사람들이드물기때문이다. 더군다나, 자료의양은엄청나고수동으로하는분석은가능하지않다. 그러므로자료를분석하고그것들로부터자동으로정보를추출할수있는, 다시말해학습할수있는컴퓨터프로그램들에대한관심이늘어나고있다. [ 어구 ] manually 수동으로 extract 추출하다 38. [ 출제의도 ] 문장삽입하기 협력적인성향은그것이협력자들에게경쟁우위를주지않으면 ( 생물학적으로 ) 진화할수없다. 예를들어, 하나는협력적이고하나는그렇지않은두목동집단을상상해보라. 협력적인목동들은자신들각각의가축떼규모를제한하고, 이렇게하여자신들의공유지를보존하는데, 이는그들이지속가능한식량공급을유지하는것을가능하게한다. 비협력적인집단의구성원들은자신들각자의가축떼에점점더많은동물들을추가하며사리사욕의논리를따른다. 결과적으로그들은자신들의공유지를다소모하고자신들에게식량을거의남기지않게된다. 그결과첫번째집단은자신들의협력적인성향덕분에우위를점할수있다. 그들은비협력적인목동들이굶주리기를기다릴수있고, 혹은그들이더진취적이라면굶주린사람들에맞서잘먹은사람들의불공평한전쟁을벌일수있다. 일단그협력적인집단이우위를점하게되면, 그들은훨씬더많은동물들을기르고, 더많은아이들을먹여서그리하여다음세대협력자들의비율을증가시킬수있다. [ 어구 ] herder 목동 enterprising 진취적인 wage ( 전쟁, 전투등을 ) 벌이다 39. [ 출제의도 ] 글의흐름과무관한문장찾기 서로다른지리적영역들에서차의재배시기는매우다양하다. 특히적도근처위도에최적의조건을갖춘몇몇지역에서는일년내내차가수확될수있다. 적도에서더멀리떨어진더높은고도의지역들에서는아마도생산시기가겨우한두차례새로싹이돋아나는것으로제한될수도있다. 예를들어, 적도에위치한케냐는일년내내수확할가능성을지닌나라들중하나인데, 반면에중국에서가장북쪽의차농지인산둥성지역의농부들은 4월에수확하기시작하여 9월에마친다. ( 중국의차산업은천연자원, 지리, 차의품종, 그리고기술에서엄청난우위를가진다.) 차를상업적으로재배하는 40 개가넘는국가들전역에서수확시기와그들이생산하는차의맛에엄청난다양성을가져오는폭넓은범위의조건들이있다. [ 어구 ] latitude 위도 flavor 맛 40. [ 출제의도 ] 글의내용요약하기 Skinner에따르면우리역시우리삶의대부분측면에서작은간식을받기위해버튼을쪼는비둘기와같다. 그리고인지과학자인 Tom Stafford에따르면이것이이메일과다른온라인기술들이면에있는, 확인하려는충동을설명해준다. 음식과달리이메일이항상보상을주는것은아닌데, 사실그것은자주성가시다. 옛날에는한번에며칠동안새로온이메일이없을수도있었다. 우리가받는것중많은것들은재미가없거나처리하기정말어렵다.

5 하지만아주가끔우리는받아서매우기쁜메시지를받는다. 그러한 보상을주는 이메일이예측할수없게온다는점이그것의매력을줄어들게하거나우리가그것을기대하는것을그만두게하지는않는다. 그와는반대로어떤행동을유지하는가장효과적인방법은일관되고예측가능한보상으로가아니라오히려 변동강화 라고불리는것, 즉빈도나강도가변하는보상으로하는것이다. 보상을주는이메일을받는경우가드물어도우리는이메일을확인하려는충동을억제할수가없는데왜냐하면우리의행동이예측불가능한방식으로제공되는보상으로유지되기때문이다. [ 어구 ] impulse 충동 reinforcement 강화 41~42 장문의이해 여러분은누군가에게길게이야기를했는데그들이여러분이한말을한마디도듣지않았다는것을깨달은자신을발견한적이있는가? 보거나듣는우리의능력만큼놀라운것이우리의무시하는능력이다. 어떤것에관심을기울이는선천적욕구와함께이능력은관심을활용한산업의발달에영향을끼쳐왔다. 매일매순간우리는정보로과부하를겪는다. 사실모든복잡한생명체, 특히뇌를가진것들은정보과부하로고통을겪는다. 우리의눈과귀는볼수있고들을수있는파장의스펙트럼전체에걸쳐있는빛과소리를받아들인다. 마치거대한광섬유케이블이그것들 [ 뇌 ] 에직접연결된것처럼우리의감각은모두합쳐서매초천백만비트로추정되는정보를우리의불쌍한뇌로전송하여, 전속력으로정보를쏘아댄다. 이점에비추어보면우리가심지어는지루해할수도있다는것은오히려믿기힘들다. 다행히도우리는마음대로그흐름을지속하게하거나차단할수있는밸브를가지고있다. 다른말로표현하자면우리는 ( 정보를 ) 받아들일 수도 차단할 수도있다. 우리가밸브를잠그면, 들어오고있는수백만비트중단지하나의별개정보흐름에집중하면서우리는거의모든것을무시한다. 사실, 우리가 사색에잠겼을 때처럼우리는심지어우리외부에있는모든것을차단하고내부의대화에집중할수있다. 거의모든것을차단하고집중하는이능력은신경과학자들과심리학자들이관심을기울이는것이라고말하는것이다. [ 어구 ] inherent 선천적인 overload 과부하 discrete 별개의 41. [ 출제의도 ] 글의제목추론하기 42. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸내용추론하기 장문의이해 (A) Jeremy는왕의 ( 궁궐 ) 바닥을청소하는보잘것없는사람이었지만항상미소를짓고행복했다. 왕은자신의조언자에게불평했다, 왜나는왕국에서가장큰부자인데도항상불행한데, 그는항상행복하게환한미소를짓고있지? 그날밤, 그조언자는 Jeremy가가족과행복하게살고있는작은오두막을방문했다. 그는 49개의금화가담긴주머니를그가난한남자의집앞에놓고갔다. (C) 다음날아침, Jeremy의아들이그주머니를발견하고는아빠에게와서그것을보라고청했다. Jeremy는나와서그것을열어보았다. 그는충격을받았다. 금화들이었다. 이금화중단하나도살면서그가볼거라고기대할수있었던것보다많았다. 그는그것들을세어보았고, 그것은 49개 였다! 잠깐, 그는마음속으로생각했다. 그건이상한숫자네. 내가개수를잘못세었음이틀림없어. 그래서그는다시세어보았고다시 49개의금화만발견했다. (B) 어떻게이럴수있지? Jeremy는속삭였다. 그에게는금화한개가부족했다. 그는자신의아들에게그가금화중한개를가져가지않았는지물었다. 그는 50번째금화가어디갔는지이해되지않았다. 그에게는 ( 금화 ) 49개가있었다. 그것은엄청난것이었다. 하지만 50개를가질수만있다면! 그것이목표가되어야했다. 그가 50개의금화를완성할수있다면그는엄청난부자가될것이다. 그는그금화를땅속에숨기고일을하러갔다. (D) 종일 Jeremy는 50번째금화에이를수있을만큼충분한돈을어떻게모을지에대한생각으로사로잡혔다. 그는더많은근무시간이필요했고, 그래서그는직장에서두번째, 그리고세번째교대근무를했다. 이것이 Jeremy를너무나지치게해서그는자신의건강을잃고더이상일을할수없었다. 자신의작은오두막에있으면서가족이자신을돌보는것을보며, 그는욕심부렸던것을후회하고부유해지는것보다더중요한것들이있음을깨달았다. [ 어구 ] miscount 잘못세다 obsessed 사로잡힌 shift 교대근무 greedy 욕심부리는 43. [ 출제의도 ] 글의순서파악하기 44. [ 출제의도 ] 지칭하는대상파악하기 45. [ 출제의도 ] 글의세부내용파악하기 5

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