DOWNLOAD PDF VOYAGE IN A SIX-OARED SKIFF TO THE FALLS OF SAINT ANTHONY IN 1817

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1 Chapter 1 : FSTS Sources - Papers - Carvers Cave Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the falls of Saint Anthony in Item Preview remove-circle Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the falls of Saint Anthony in Woolworth and Nancy L. Woolworth During its passage through St. Paul, Minnesota, the Mississippi River flows through high bluffs of white St. Peter sandstone that are capped by a thin layer of tawny-colored Platteville limestone. People have been attracted to the region for thousands of years by its natural beauty and food resources. And despite the passage of time, the ghostly presence of these Indian peoples is yet to be seen on the landscape. About 2, years ago, a forgotten Indian group appeared and dwelt upon the land for perhaps a few hundreds of years. We can note their presence by their burial mounds which yet lie on top of the shining white sandstone cliffs, in a spot known as Indian Mounds Park. Some 1, years later, the Mdewakanton division of the Eastern Dakota or Sioux tribe erected buffalo-skin tipis near the banks of the Mississippi and named the vicinity "Im-in-jus-ka" or "White Cliffs". At about the same time, a few adventurous Dakota youths proceeded to investigate a deep cave at the base of this cliff. Embarking with a canoe on the pond within the cave, they ventured into a deep darkness, lit only by a few sputtering bark torches. Soon, they were frightened back to daylight by strange sounds and flickering lights. Filled with awe, the local band began to call the cave "Waken Tipi" or "House of the spirits. Even then, it is highly probable that there were many carvings of human figures, animals, birds and reptiles, incised into the soft white stone near the mouth of the cave. And it is logical to conjecture that some of the Dakota Indians added their own drawings to this gallery of prehistoric Indian art. Slowly the years rolled on, and in mid-november of, Captain Jonathan Carver, a Connecticut native engaged in the British fur trade, came to the upper Mississippi River. Although interested in exploration for the fur trade and financial gain, Captain Carver was observant and recorded much information with a lasting value concerning the country, its nat ural wonders, its vegetation, and its Indian peoples and their lifestyles. He did not record how he first learned of the cave, but it is probable that his party was told of the cave by locally resident Dakota Indians. Whatever the facts, it is significant that Carver examined this natural feature and recorded a considerable amount of details concerning it. Thus, he became one of the first white men to describe a cave within northern North America and to publish his data concerning it. This led to his name being applied to the cave. Carver described the cave in his journal in these words: This day arrived to the great stone cave calld by the Naudowessee [Sioux] Waukon Teebee, or in English the house of spirits. I went in and measured the room upwards of thirty feet broad, and about sixty feet from the enterence of the cave [to] where I came to a lake. The roof was about 20 feet high at the greatest elevation, the bottom clean white sand a little descending to the water from the mouth. I cast a stone which I could hear fall at a distance and with a strange hollow sound. I tasted of this water and found it very good. The rock at the enterence of the cave is of a lightish gray colour and very soft like the grit of a grindstone. I found many strange hieroglyphycks cut in the stone some of which were very ancient and grown over with moss. On this stone I marked the arms of the king of England. Near this cave is the burying place of the Mottobauntoway band of the Naudowessee Parker,, p. After a winter of fur trading among the Dakota bands, Carver returned downstream. On May 1,, he met with many chiefs of the several Dakota bands in a large tipi near the cave. Carver claimed to have spoken to this council and to have induced these people to ally themselves with the British Ibid, p. He then continued on his return over Lake Superior to Michilimackinac and sailed to England. Following many struggles, his travel account was published in and received a favorable reception. Ultimately, it went into many editions and was widely read in Europe and America. Nearly 40 years passed before the next known mention of the cave recorded by Lieutenant Zebulon Pike when he visited the locality in the spring of From onwards a steady stream of army officers, Indian agents, and travelers visited the region. Many of them sought to find and to visit the famous cave. A typical visit was that of Major Stephen H. He found that the entrance was only about 8 feet wide and so low that a man had to lie down while entering. At that time the cave was about 60 feet deep, Page 1

2 7 feet high, and slightly more than 22 feet wide. The cave was rapidly filling up with white sand and had only a small pool of stagnant water in it. At that time, the entrance had been about 10 feet high and the cave itself was of a greater length Long,, p. During the summer of, Colonel S. Long led an expedition up the Mississippi River which paused briefly to investigate the cave. The guide, who had been with Long 5 years earlier, told them that the cave was now closed up Keating,, p. Lawrence Taliaferro, Indian agent of the nearby St. In, Taliaferro went to the cave for an ice fishing excursion, but found that the pond was frozen over. An early geologist to visit the region, George W. Featherstonhaugh, was informed in by local Dakota Indians that there had formerly been a large cave in the vicinity, but that "the rock fell in and covered it up. The next scientist to visit the cave was more tenacious and left a far more detailed record. Nicollet, a French cartographer, came to the site on July, with several companions. They found the entrance to the cave covered with fallen stone from the bluff above it. They worked for almost 2 days to find the entrance but found that the pond within it came almost to the roof. Near the entrance Nicollet noted the carvings of Dakota Indians who had visited the site Nicollet,, p. At about the same time, Nicollet questioned the oldest living men of the Dakota villages who stated that they had never interred their dead in the cave. This location had been a popular one for them because it formed the intersection for trails between their three villages. The low grounds and marshes nearby had an abundance of maple sugar and wild rice. Hence, these people had made it a custom to prepare maple sugar there in the spring, and to harvest wild rice there in the fall Nicollet,, p. By, the famous cave had come on somewhat better times. It was now owned by a Mr. Dayton who was busy removing sand from within it. Then, the cave was about 40 feet wide by 70 feet long. The roof was low, and a portion of it arched upwards into a domed vault Minnesota Weekly Pioneer, August 28,, p. In about, the Reverend E. Neill had measurements made which showed that the cave entrance was then 39 feet wide and 5 feet high. The overall length was feet, with a width of 45 feet at its widest part and a height of 19 feet to the roof of the circular dome. The Minnesota Historical Society held a Carver Centennial celebration at the cave on May 1,, exactly years from the day when Carver was last at the cave. An Indian drawing of a rattlesnake is incised on the cave ceiling. Drawn by Robert O. Credit Minnesota Historical Society. Sweeny from data provided by Dr. Our earliest graphic depictions of the cave date from that event when the well-known St. Paul druggist, Robert O. Sweeny, made several sketches which depict the dignitaries gathering stones from the margin of the pool, boating on it by candles, and examining the carvings of rattlesnakes on the ceiling. Sweeny also prepared a sketch map of the cave which is the earliest known plan of its interior. On it, the cave is shown as having an entrance 50 feet wide, and an approximate depth of feet. Much of the ceiling was about 9 feet above the pool, but the rounded dome was 18 feet above the water level. Progress in the form of the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad began to encroach upon the cave because it lay along the river bank which was being used for a right-of-way and switch yards. In the Kelly brothers quartered some of their draft horses in the cave entrance. By August of, a terse newspaper account stated that the Chicago and St. Paul Railroad had laid out an expansion of its trackage which would require removal of a portion of the bluff in which the cave was located Saint Paul Dispatch, August 24,, p. Although different accounts vary in detail, there are indications that about 22 feet of the cave entrance, which contained many Indian carvings, was removed at this time. Quarrymen were removing limestone from on top of the bluff. Archeological attention was at last directed to the cave in October of when Theodore H. Lewis, a local antiquarian, visited the cave and made detailed observations. At that date, the diminished cave entrance was 51 feet wide, 5 feet high, and had a depth of about feet. The greatest width for the cave was about 54 feet. He also preserved for posterity tracings of four rattlesnake figures, and two animals which may be bears. There were also outline drawings of men, birds, fish, turtles, and perhaps one or two lizards Lewis,, pp. Drawings of four rattlesnakes, and two quadrupeds which may be bears. Drawn by Theodore H. By, evil days had come upon this local tourist attraction. A bustling railway switch yard lay in front of its entrance and more than trains passed it each day. The cave chamber itself had been desecrated with kegs. A local historian summed up the deplorable situation in these terms: Page 2

3 Chapter 2 : Voyage in a Six-oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in by Stephen Long Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in Creator ; Filter Results. Locate This. WorldCat; Title ; Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the. He received an A. In, he was commissioned a lieutenant of engineers in the U. Army Corps of Engineers. Upon the reorganization of the Army in, he was appointed a Major on 16 April and assigned to the Southern Division under Maj. Andrew Jackson as a topographical engineer. Anthony near the confluence with the Minnesota River. As a result of his recommendations, the Army established Fort Snelling to guard against Indian incursions against settlers in the Upper Mississippi Valley. Soon afterwards he led the scientific contingent of the Yellowstone Expedition to explore the Missouri River. In he was appointed to lead an alternative expedition through the American West, exploring areas acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. The specific purpose of the voyage was to find the sources of the Platte, Arkansas, and Red rivers. Later, in he led additional military expeditions into the United States borderlands with Canada, exploring the Upper Mississippi Valley, the Minnesota River, the Red River of the North and across the southern part of Canada. During this time he determined the northern boundary at the 49th parallel at Pembina. In he received his first patent for his work on railroad steam locomotives. Long received many more patents for locomotive design and worked with other Army engineers in planning and building the railroad. In, along with William Norris and several other business partners, he formed the American Steam Carriage Company. In his report to Governor Robert P. Dunlap of Maine, Col. Long recommended a route into Quebec of miles from "Belfast to the Forks of the Kennebec, and by a line of levels thence to the Canadian line. Corps of Topographical Engineers. Like most of their officers Major Long remained loyal to the Federal government during the Civil War, and he became Colonel of the Corps in [8] until its merger back into the U. Corps of Engineers in He died in Alton, Illinois in From an original watercolor by Samuel Seymour Like most engineers, Long was college-trained, interested in searching for order in the natural world, and willing to work with the modern technology of the time. Topographical engineers had basically two unique points of view that set them apart from the other pioneers â geographical and technological. In he was appointed to organize a scientific contingent to accompany soldiers of Col. This was planned to explore the upper Missouri, and Long spent the autumn designing the construction of an experimental steamboat for the venture, Western Engineer. Louis in June, it was the first steamboat to travel up the Missouri River into the Louisiana Purchase territory, and the first steamboat to have a stern paddle wheel. It was about five miles south of Council Bluffs, Iowa. The Yellowstone Expedition had become a costly failure and so instead of exploring the Missouri River, President James Monroe decided to have Long lead an expedition up the Platte River to the Rocky mountains and back along the border with the Spanish colonies. Exploring that border was vital, since John Quincy Adams had just concluded the treaty with Spain, which drew a new U. Major Long was the leader of the first scientific exploration up the Platte, which planned to study the geography and natural resources of the area. His party of 19 men included landscape painter Samuel Seymour, naturalist painter Titian Peale, zoologist Thomas Say and Edwin James, a physician knowledgeable in both geology and botany. James led the first recorded ascent of Pikes Peak during this expedition. All my nation loves the whites and always have loved them. Some think, my Father, that you have brought all these soldiers here to take our land from us but I do not believe it. For although I am a poor simple Indian, I know that this land will not suit your farmers. If I even thought your hearts bad enough to take this land, I would not fear it, as I know there is not wood enough on it for the use of the white. The expedition was then split, and Long led his group towards the Red River. They missed it, ran into hostile Indians and had to eventually eat their own horses to survive before they finally met the other part of the expedition at Fort Smith in Arkansas. Long and his party of scientists would learn much to tell the nation and have the opportunity to show the U. Report[ edit ] In his report of the expedition, Long wrote that the Plains from Nebraska to Oklahoma were "unfit for cultivation and of course uninhabitable by a people Page 3

4 depending upon agriculture. He also commented that the eastern wooded portion of the country should be filled up before the republic attempted any further extension westward. He commented that sending settlers to that area was out of the question. Given the technology of the s, Long was right. There was little timber for houses or fuel, minimal surface water, sandy soil, hard winters, vast herds of bison, hostile Indians, and no easy means of communication. There were two key results of this expeditionâ a very accurate description of Indian customs and Indian life as they existed among the Omaha, Otoes, and Pawnees and his description of the land west of the Missouri River as a "desert". The expedition to the Red River of the North was a separate, later appointment which completed a series of explorations conceived of by Lewis Cass and implemented by David B. Douglass, Henry Schoolcraft, and others besides Major Long. The expedition was denoted primarily as a scientific reconnaissance and an evaluation of trade possibilities, but probably had undisclosed military objectives as well, and certainly was viewed with suspicion by British authorities in Canada. This expedition for a time was joined by the Italian adventurer Giacomo Beltrami, who argued with Long and left the expedition near Fort Garry. The expedition encouraged American traders to push into the fur trade in Northern Minnesota and Dakota, and fostered the development of the Red River Trails and a colorful chapter of ox cart trade between the Red River Colony and Fort Garry via Pembina and the newly developing towns of Mendota and St. Page 4

5 Chapter 3 : Stephen H. Long: used books, rare books and new blog.quintoapp.com Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in View this item. Title ; Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in The historical reconstruction of a Fort Armstrong, three story, blockhouse, on the U. Louis and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. The US wanted to establish a military presence to dissuade the French and English Canadians who traded in areas nearby from encroaching upon the unorganized territory. After its losses at several forts during the War of, the US Army wanted to increase its presence on the Mississippi frontier. The fort also would serve to protect American settlers within the area and to help control or remove the Sauk, the American Indians in the region. The Sauk disapproved of its construction; Black Hawk wrote in his memoir, "When we arrived we found that the troops had come to build a fort on Rock Island. The army assigned soldiers and laborers to the project. After the construction was completed, fewer than soldiers garrisoned the post. Between and, the garrison was reduced to fewer than troops. Army garrison and militia volunteers stationed there. Army regulars, from the original force, made the final march, from Fort Dearborn, in Chicago to Rock Island, Illinois. Winfield Scott and his troops likely carried the highly contagious disease with them; soon after their arrival at Rock Island, a local, cholera epidemic broke out, among the whites and Indians, around the area of Fort Armstrong. Cholera microbes were spread, through sewery -type, contaminated water, which mixed with clean drinking water, brought on by poor sanitation practices, of the day. Within eight days, people died and were buried on the island. Black Hawk, two of his sons, and other Sac and Fox warriors had been taken to the fort as prisoners after their captures following the Battle of Bad Axe. They spent the winter held at Jefferson Barracks in St. Louis, after which the Army took the men on a tour of Eastern cities, hoping to impress them with the wealth and power of white civilization. The natives met with President Andrew Jackson and were of great interest and celebrity among the white population, who at that period admiringly viewed natives as "noble savages. Together with their people, they occupied a small reservation in Iowa allotted by the Treaty of Fort Armstrong. Black Hawk died there in Chapter 4 : Stephen Harriman Long - Wikipedia Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in Paperback - February 22, by Stephen Harriman Long (Author). Chapter 5 : Voyage in a Six-oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in To ask other readers questions about Voyage in a Six-oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in, please sign up. Be the first to ask a question about Voyage in a Six-oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in Not only does Major Long, in the context of a brief, chronological, and no. Chapter 6 : Long, Stephen Harriman blog.quintoapp.com Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in [Stephen H Long] Add tags for "Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in ". Chapter 7 : Fort Armstrong, Illinois - Wikipedia Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the falls of Saint Anthony in [Stephen Harriman Long] on blog.quintoapp.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. This book was originally published prior to, and represents a reproduction of an important Page 5

6 historical work. Chapter 8 : Library Resource Finder: Location & Availability for: Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls Voyage in a Six-Oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in by Stephen Harriman Long starting at $ Voyage in a Six-Oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in has 5 available editions to buy at Alibris. Chapter 9 : Voyage in a six-oared skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in Digital Pitt Voyage in a Six-Oared Skiff to the Falls of Saint Anthony in () Average rating: 0 out of 5 stars, based on 0 reviews Write a review This button opens a dialog that displays additional images for this product with the option to zoom in or out. Page 6