SUMMARY REPORT OUR COMMUNITY A SELF PORTRAIT

Transcription

1 SUMMARY REPORT OUR COMMUNITY A SELF PORTRAIT

2 SOUTH BROWARD JEWISH POPULATION STUDY September 1991 Gary A. Tobin Ph.D. is the Director of the Cohen Center for Modem Jewish Studies at Brandeis University. Ira M. Sheskin Ph.D. is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and a Faculty Member of the Judaic Studies Program of the University of Miami.

3 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE Ben Salter, Chairman Ralph Birnberg Meral Ehrenstein Nola Goldberg Michael Goodman Rabbi Bennett Greenspon Maurice Gruber Fran Haskin Ellie Katz Morton Meyers Charles Obsusin Ellen Platt Charles Pollack Hon. Ronald J. Rothschild Harry M. Rosen, Esq. Susan Singer Lauren Bernard Director Plarzrlirzg and Allocation The Jeziiish Federnt ion of South Brozi7ard May Jane Fried Coordinator Sumner Kaye Executive Director

4 his volume is a condensed and easily comprehensible version of the fascinating data produced by our demographic study. A cursory reading will convince even our skeptics, that this survey can be a vithl contribution to our Federation's efforts in communal planning, fund raising and service provisions. We acknowledge with grave concern that, for the last few years, we, in common with many other federations throughout the land, have sustained disappointing campaigns, despite the tremendous increase in our community's needs, and the needs of Israel. This trend can and will be reversed since we firmly believe that the wide dissemination and innovative implementation of this study among all our communal organizations and agencies may well serve as the guiding light to community Renaissance. This study was more than three years in preparation. It is our personal privilege to pay tribute to each member of our Research and Development Committee, under the unique guiding hand of Dr. Gary A. Tobin, who accomplished a monumental task. Barry R. Alter, M.D. President Jewish Federation of South Broward Ben Salter, Chairman Research & Development Committee Jewish Federation of South Broward

5 he South Broward Jewish community is vibrant and growing rapidly. It is both demographically and religiously diverse. The community is comprised of different neighborhoods, with Jews from throughout the United States, Canada, and all over the world. Jews are moving to South Broward in record numbers and making the community their home. A thorough understanding of the community is required to meet the challenges of the future. Human services need to be provided for the elderly, and for the young. Jewish education programs need to be enriched to ensure that the next generation of Jews becomes part of the rich Jewish heritage. Fund raising efforts have to be expanded to provide the necessary resources to build an even stronger community. Critical tasks for the community require good information from which sound and thoughtful decisions can be made. The information collected for the South Broward Jewish Population Study provides a demographic profile, a religious profile, a guide for fund raising, and a needs assessment tool. The,study is designed to be used throughout the community by the Federation, agencies, synagogues, and many other Jewish organizations to help plan programs, set priorities, and provide background information for a broad range of actions. The Community Study can be used to help: plan for programs to build a stronger Jewish community; plan for the provision of essential services to the elderly, children and other groups; and, create new and innovative fund raising efforts on behalf of Israel and the local community. This is one of three reports completed by the South Broward Jewish Federation. The three reports are: 1) Summary Report 2) South Broward Jewish Community Study 3) South Broward Jewish Community Marketing Study This Summary Report contains the most important facts uncovered in the community study, as well as implications and recommendations. It is designed for the general reader, and is an easy to read guide to the Jewish community of South Broward. All of the reports present the community with a clear informational snapshot. Planning and action will see these results utilized in many ways over the next decade and beyond.

6 he South Broward Jewish community is affected by the tremendous changes that have transformed American Judaism. The character of the Jewish family, where Jews choose to live, and the nature of communal life have all radically changed over the past few decades. In just one generation, the American Jewish community has evolved into new forms. The challenges to Jewish institutions, organizations, and agencies are profound. South Florida is at the center of these challenges. No area has gown more rapidly in the past twentyfive years. Jews continue to move to South Florida by the tens of thousands. Evidence indicates that this growth will continue. The implications for family life, religous life, the structure of Jewish organizations, and the need for financial resources are far reaching. The South Broward Jewish community can serve as a microcosm for the Jewish communities of South Florida. How will organizations adjust to so many people who are physical and emotional transplants - even as they maintain other community ties? How can the Jewish community rebuild itself in this new environment? How will the community tap the energies of the well elderly and serve the needs of the frail elderly? These are a few of the issues facing Jewish communities in South Florida. This Community Study was completed to assist in planning and implementation in a broad array of community interests. Better information helps gulde planning and decision making. The future of the South Broward Jewish community can be guided with careful planning. The Jewish Community Study will be a useful tool in maintaining vibrant Jewish life in South Broward.

7 SAMPLING This study was conducted using two sampling procedures. First, a stratified random digit dialing (RDD) telephone survey was conducted for half of the sample of 943 respondents. When a household was reached, screening questions were completed to determine whether anyone in the household was Jewish. This methodology has the advantages of a high response rate, a guarantee of respondent anonymity, and an ability to include persons not listed in the telephone directory. Second, sampling was completed from the Jewish Federation's mailing list tor the other half of the interviews. This sample then was weighted statistically to match the RDD sample on demographic measures and levels of religiosity. No persons in institutions, such as nursing homes, were interviewed, nor were persons without telephones. The sample size allows for a 95% certainty that the error margin for the results as a whole is no greater than plus or minus 3.2%. FIELD WORK The field work was completed by Behavioral Science Research of Coral Gables, in January and February Interviews were conducted with a Jewish adult over the age of 18. A household was defined as Jewish if any family member was born or raised Jewish or, at the time of the study, currently identified as Jewish. In intermarried households, the Jewish member was usually interviewed. Attitudinal data reflect the feelings of the respondent only, not of everyone in the household. The interviews averaged about 40 minutes, and the response rate was 71%. THE STUDY AREA The study area includes Hollywood, Hallandale, Miramar, Pembroke Pines, Cooper City, and Davie, as well as parts of unincorporated Broward County south of State Road 84. (See Map.) QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT The questionnaire was developed in consultation with the Federation's Research and Development Committee, Federation professionals, agency executives, the Board of Rabbis, and representatives from organizations throughout the community. The questionnaire is comparable to other Jewish community surveys and with the 1990 Council of Jewish Federation's national survey. The survey instrument was created, however, to meet the specific needs and concerns of the South Broward Jewish community. The full text of the questionnaire can be found in the complete report. PART-YEAR RESIDENTS (SNOWBIRDS) Part-year residents are defined as persons spending three to seven months annually in Broward County; full-year residents are defined as spending eight or more months annually in Broward County. The survey was conducted in January/ February to ensure that the snowbird population was interviewed.

8 Palm Beach County Broward County Dade County

9 A Growing Community. It is sometimes popular to portray communities such as South Broward as "aging." Such a single descriptor is inaccurate in describing the South Broward Jewish community. It is a community characterized by population growth, rather than decline. Furthermore, the area is attracting individuals of retirement age in good health and sound economic status, as well as young families with children. Children under the age of 18 comprise I1 % of the Jewish population, while young adults under the age of 35 constitute another 12%. There are more than 5,000 children under the age of 10. Therefore, while the community consists disproportionately of individuals over the age of 65, it is also diverse in terms of age distribution. Community development, human service delivery, and fund raising efforts, therefore, must be cognizant of the diverse character not only within the 65 and over age group, but within the population as a whole. The elements of a growing and vibrant community characterize South Broward, a community with enormous potential in all areas of Jewish life. The age distribution of the community is just one indicator of both the diversity and vitality of the community as a whole. Re-examining the Definition of "Elderly." The elderly constitute the single largest population group in South Broward. The data indicate, however, that this group is extremely diverse in terms of health status, family composition, and income. The "elderly" as a generic descriptor does not capture the diversity of this very large population. The study reveals that this half of the South Bmward Jewish population is actually a composite of many different subgroups, with a variety of social, economic, and religous needs. As planning efforts proceed, they must be cogruzant of these variations and account for multiple needs and wants of the population.

10 Building the Synagogue Community. Given the importance of synagogue involvement in terms of increased involvement in Jewish philanthropy, volunteerism, and other positive measures of Jewish identity, the need for increased synagogue membership and attendance in South Broward is essential. Addressing this issue of synagogue non-membership should be an important function of the community for the next few years. The data on synagogue membership would appear to suggest that the vast majority of Jews in South Broward either currently belong, have belonged in the past, or will belong to a synagogue in the future. Attrading Jews to synagogues sooner and retaining their membership is a critical planning issue for the South Broward Jewish community, especially for those who used to belong in their former communities. The South Broward Community is a Composite of Many Communities: The Movement is West. The Jewish population is located in multiple areas. Community development efforts, fund raising efforts, and service delivery efforts, therefore, must be decentralized to reach the various populations. Younger Jews tend to be clustered in Hollywood and the Western area of the county. The Western portion of Broward County shows the fastest growing proportion of Jewish population. It should be expected that a higher proportion of the Jewish population will be found in each successive year in the Western part of the county. More emphasis on integrating this area into the community is necessary. Those over the age of 75 are relatively equally distributed throughout the area. Programs for younger Jews can be targeted in two specific areas, the West and Hollywood. Programs for the elderly will have to be distributed throughout the entire South Broward area.

11 Much greater emphasis on endowment giving is necessary. Overall, most South Broward Jews are not very active in Jewish philanthropy. Lack of participation in synagogues, Jewish organizations, and other measures of Jewish life are reflected in the relatively low rates of philanthropic activity, as measured by amounts contributed. On the other hand, most Jews give something. There is a broad net of involvement, especially among older Jews. Therefore, while dollar amounts may be relatively small, the propensity to give is demonstrated by the high proportions of respondents who make some kind of contribution to a Jewish philanthropy. Building upon this proclivity is a major task for the community over the next five years. Given the age structure of the community, strategies must be creative. Income levels are relatively low, but many older persons have considerable assets. Therefore, much greater emphasis on endowments, as well as the annual campaign, is necessary for the financial security of the South Broward Jewish community. Programs for the intermarried need to be expanded. Intermarriage rates are very high among younger Jews. Special efforts need to be made for singles programs, for Jews to meet other Jews. Furthermore, outreach efforts to both mixed marrieds and conversionary couples are essential, as well as communal efforts to encourage conversion to Judaism for nu\tul manitd couples. According to the data, Jewish organizations and agencies serving as meeting places for Jews could be expanded. Finding the proper mix of programs, the right ways to reach out to people, and structuring programs in an appealing manner is an essential role for the Jewish community to play in the next few years. Given the lack of ritual observance and the general geographic dispersion of the community, the need for Jewish organizations, agencies, and synagogues to fulfill expectations of South Broward Jews that such places might be likely venues to meet people like themselves needs to be fulfilled. Jewish education programs need to be expanded. Jewish education is not reaching enough children or adults in South Broward. Many Jewish children are receiving no Jewish education, nor have they received any in the past. Jewish education is a key element in a strong Jewish community. Formal and informal Jewish education programs - need to be expanded to reach a much higher - proportion of the Jewish community. Most adults, over 9076, have not had formal Jewish education in the past three years, and only 8% say that they are definitely going to enroll in the future. The need for increased attention to Jewish education programs for adults and families is shown consistently throughout the study.

12 Greater cooperation between synagogues, Federation, the JCC, and other Jewish organizations is necessary. Given the multi-locations of the population, an overall communal strategy needs to be created to reach uninvolved or unaffiliated populations. The Federation will need to assist in the promotion of affiliation with the Jewish Community Center and synagogues. Since evidence has shown that organizational and institutional affiliation and philanthropy reinforce each other, the more the Federation can do to increase participation in religious life, the stronger the community will be. Finally, shared space among many Jewish organizations reinforces cooperation and reduces costs. I'he use of outside media, acquiring names and addresses for direct mail appeals and additional public relations efforts must be undertaken if Jews are to be reached. There is need for a coordinated marketing strategy. Communications and marketing materials should be designed with an overall marketing strategy in mind. How do they fit into overall promotion strategies and tactics of the Federation? Important communications, including brochures, letters of requests for funding, thank you notes, and other seemingly non-marketing materials should be part of an overall marketing design. Services for the elderly need to be expanded. The focus should be on the well elderly, as well as the frail elderly. Both community building and human service programs for the elderly are essential. Senrices for all groups of elderly are needed: social, recreational, transportation and many others. This need is likely to grow over the next decade, and service delivery will necessitate careful planning. Jewish organizations cannot effectively market services or build constituent, user or philanthropic bases if they do not have names and addresses or other means to reach new people. Given the low rates of affiliation and involvement, this will require more attention.

13 POPULATION SIZE AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION An estimated 78,705 Jews living in 38,963 households reside in the South Broward Jewish community. Including institutionalized persons, the total population is approximately 80,000. The highest proportions of South Broward Jews live in Hollywood (27%) and in the Western area of the county (37%). About 22% of South Broward's Jews reside in Hallandale, and another 14% live on Hollywood's South Ocean Drive. About 59% of households live in one of three zip codes [33021 (Hollywood), (Hallandale), and (South Ocean Drive)]. SEX AND AGE DISTRIBUTION percent (55%) of South Broward Jews are female, and 45% are male. T~LS reflects the elderly nature of the population. People aged 65 and over make up 48' of the Jewish population, including 24% who are aged 75 and older. Children under 18 years of age account for 11 % of the South Broward Jewish population: 470 are under 6 years of age, 4% are between the ages of 6 and 12, and 310 are aged 13 to 17. HOUSEHOLD SIZE The average household size for the South Broward Jewish community is 2.0 persons. South Ocean Drive, with 1.8, and Hallandale, with 1.7, have lower household sizes than Hollywood and the Western area, with 2.2 each. Eighty-one percent (815%) of all households are comprised of one (3110) or two persons (50%). HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION Households comprised of two parents with children under 18 account for 12% of Jewish households in South Broward, and households with children between the ages of 18 and 24 make up 4% of all households. Households inhabited by singles account for 31% of South Broward Jewish households, including 25% inhabited by singles aged 65 and over. MARITAL STATUS Seventy-one percent (71?C ) of adults 18 and older are married, 9% have never been married, 3% are divorced/separated, and 17% are widowed. Ninety-two percent (92%) of individuals between the ages of 18 and 24 and 30% of those aged 25 to 34 have never been married.

14 NATIVITY Eighty-two percent (82%) of South Broward Jews are native-born Americans and 18% are foreignborn. Thirteen percent (13%) of South Broward Jews were born in Florida. About 7% were born in South Broward. SNOWBIRDS While 89% of South Broward households live in the area full time, 11 % are snowbirds who reside elsewhere for part (3-7 months) of the year. Nineteen percent (19%) of snowbirds intend to become full-time residents of South Broward in the future. LENGTH OF RESIDENCE AND MOBIUTY Only 1 % of South Broward Jewish adults have lived in the community all their lives. About 40% of households moved to South Bmward during the 1980s, while 45% migrated here during the 1970s, 10% during the 1 %0s, and 5% prior to Twenty-seven percent (27%) of households have lived at their current address for four years or less, 21 5% have been at their current address for five to nine years, 38% for ten to nineteen years, and 11 % for 20 or more years. It is likely that 20% of households will change residence within the next three years - 10% say it is very likely, and another 10% say it is somewhat likely that they will do so. HOME OWNERSHIP Eighty-two percent (82%) of all respondents own their homes. Twentyseven percent (27%) live in single f d y homes, 43% in high rise, and 20% in townhouses PLANS FOR CHILDBEARING Frfty-six percent (56%) of women aged 44 or younger anticipate having a child within the next three years. Thrty-eight percent (389) of women age 44 or younger plan to have one child in their lifetime, another 38% plan two children, while 20% plan three or more children. Four pemt (4%) plan on having no children

15 SECULAR EDUCATION Twenty-one percent (21%) of all adults age 25 and over say that the highest level of education they achieved is a college degree. Another 16' were awarded an advanced degree. Higher proportions of males than females have obtained advanced deg~ees. Twenty-three percent (23%) of males received advanced degrees, while 11 % of females received advanced degrees. LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION Thuty-four percent (34%) of males over age 18 are employed full time, 4% are employed part time, and 53% are retired. Twenty-two percent (22%) of females aged 18 and older are employed full time, 10% are employed part time, 42% are retired, and 21% are homemakers. Almost equal proportions of males (29%) and females (30%) are employed in professional positions. Twenty-two percent (22%) of Jewish adults are managers/proprietors. However, a substantially higher proportion of males (28%) are managers/ proprietors than are females (12%). HOUSEHOLD INCOME The median household income for the entire South Broward Jewish community is $36,700 annually. annual incomes in excess of $50,000, while an almost equal proportion, 359'0, earn less than $25,000 annually. Among households with respondents aged 75 and older, the greatest proportion, 54%, earn less than $25,000 annually. RELIGIOUS IDENTITY AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Five percent (5%) of South Broward Jews say they are Orthodox, 37% identify themselves as Conservative, 27% as Reform, and another 28% as Just Jewish. A little more than one-quarter, 28%, of all respondents are current synagogue members. Among current synagogue non-members, almost two-thirds, 63%, say they had memberships in the past, and 26% say they definitely, probably, or might join in the future. While 19% of South Bmward Jews never attend synagogue, the same proportion attend frequently; that is, once or more each month. More than one-half, 56%, of all households do not have current Jewish organization memberships. Only 2010 of South Broward Jews volunteer some time monthly for Jewish organizations, and only one in eight, 12%, volunteer for non- Jewish organizations. Thrty-three percent (33%) of households have

16 a FRIENDSHIP NETWORKS Seventv-one percent (71 7c) of South Broward Jews say all three of their best friends are Jewish, and only 5% say none of their three best friends are Jewish. More than four of five respondents say it is hkely they will meet people of similar interests at the JCC (83%), through other Jewish organizations or at a synagogue/ temple (82%). (as%), ISRAEL Flfty-two percent (52%) of households in the South Broward Jewish community have a member who has visited Israel at least one time. Among households with someone in them who : has visited Israel, 33% of respondents say that the person from the household visiting Israel went there on a trip sponsored by a Jewish organization. The vast rnaprity of respondents strongly approve or approve of organizations that send money to Israel, 91 %, and U.S. economic aid to Israel, 90%. ANTI-SEMITISM About 52% of all respondents believe a moderate amount to a great deal of anti-semitism exists in South Broward, while 25% believe a little exists, and only 6% believe that no anti-semitism exists in the community. Less than half, 40%, of all respondents say they have experienced a little anti-semitism in their lifetimes, while 22% have experienced a mderate amount, and 15% have experienced a great deal. About 19% say they have not had an anti- Semitic experience in their lifetime. About one in eight respondents (12%) had personally experienced anti-semitism in the twelve months prior to the study. HUMAN SERVICE NEEDS Long-term care for the elderly and programs for disabled persons are most strongly preferred under Jewish auspices. Almost two-thirds of respondents prefer Jewish sponsorship of longterm elderly care (65%) and programs for the disabled (62%). Among households with a member age 65 and over, 7% said they need help getting around the house, 5% need help with meal preparation, 6% have problems using stairs, 8% need help with shopping, and 10% need help getting to the doctor. Five percent (5%) of respondents said they needed individual or family counseling in the past year. Approximately half, 48%, of those who needed such counseling received it under Jewish auspices. Twenty-two percent (22%) of respondents with children in the household said they needed infant day care, 23% needed preschools, 20% needed day care, and 16% needed after-school care.

17 PHILANTHROPY In 1989,71% of all households made a contribution to Jewish philanthropies. Respondents older than 45 were substantially more likely than those younger than 45 to contribute to Jewish philanthropies in Seventy-seven percent (77%) of respondents aged 45 and older made such a contribution, compared with 43% of those aged 18 to 44. Among respondents who contributed to Jewish philanthropies in 1989, more than two-thirds, 69%, contributed less than $500. Slightly less than one-half, 46%, of all households made a contribution to the South Broward Jewish Federation in Eighteen percent (18%) of 18 to 34 year olds contributed to the Federation in 1989, as did onethird, 33%, of 35 to 64 year olds, over half, 55%, of 65 to 74 year olds, and 58% of respondents aged 75 and older. F&y-six percent (56%) of respondents made a contribution to non-jewish philanthropies in Tha vast majority of South Broward Jews contributing to non-jewish philanthropies in 1989,85%, contributed less than $500. Another 5% contributed between $501 and $1,000, and 9% contributed $1,000 or more to non- Jewish charities.

18 DATA ANALYSIS

19 POPULATION SIZE The Jewish population of South Broward is comprised of an estimated 78,705 Jews and related noni~ews living in 38,963 households. This estimate does not include currently institutionalized individuals; for example, those living in nursing homes. With the institutionalized population, the total estimated Jewish population of South Broward is 80,000. The estimate includes about 8,000 part-year residents who reside in South Broward for three to seven months of the year. POPULATION SIZE COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES South Broward is the 14th largest Jewish com- Jewish munity in the United States, along with South Rank State Population Palm Beach (primarily Boca Raton and Delray Beach) and West Palm Beach. South Broward is 1 New York City now larger than Jewish communities such as 2 Los Angeles CA 501,000 I Cleveland and Atlanta. 3 Philadelphia PA 250,000 4 Chicago IL 248, Boston 6 San Francisco Bay Area CA MA 228, ,000 7 Fort Lauderdale FL 204,000 8 Miami FL 202,000 9 Washington, D.C. 157, Essex-Morris Counties NJ I1 Detroit MI 95, Baltimore MD 93,000, 1 13 Bergen County NJ 14 SOUTH BROWARD FL 80, South Palm Beach FL 80, West Palm Beach FL 15 Cleveland OH 65, Atlanta GA 60,000 1 ' 16 Rockland County NY 60,000 ] '

20 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION The South Broward Jeuish population is dispersed throughout southern Broward County. Twelve percent (12%) of the population lives on South Ocean Drive, 29% lives in Hollywood, 18% in Hallandale, and 41 % in the West. DISTRIBUTION OF THE JEWISH POPULATION BY REGION South Ocean Drive 12% The West 41%

21 DISTRIBUTION OF THE JEWISH POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX The proportion of chddren in the South Broward The graphs below show the proportion of the Jewish community is typical among Sunbelt com- total population comprised by age group by munities, which tend to have either large numbers sex. For example, men aged make up 2% of retired persons or large numbers of young and of the total Jewish population, and women aged middle-aged singles. As might be expected, given make up just over 3% of the total Jewish the age of the population, a higher proportion is population. female (55%) than male (45961, reflecting the tendency of women to live longer, and the high proportion of widows in South Broward. AGE BY SEX, % MALE AGE BY SEX, % FEMALE

22 THE JEWISH POPULATION AGE 19 AND UNDER, COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES In comparison with other Jewish communities around the country, South Broward has one of the lowest proportions of its population age 19 and under. The relatively low proportion reflects the large elderly population. Yet, the community still has about 9,500 children and teenagers. About 4% are under age 6,4% are aged 6 to 12, and 3% are aged 13 to 17. POPULATION AGE 19 AND UNDER COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES Year % Age 19 and Under San Diego Nashville Kansas City Milwaukee Seattle Washington, D.C Essex-Moms Counties, N. J St. Louis Dallas Basltimore Richmond New Orleans Phoenix Boston Philadelphia San Francisco Bay Area Rochester Denver Chicago New York Miami SOUTH BROWARD Atlantic City West Palm Beach South Palm Beach

23 THE JEWISH POPULATION AGE 60 AND OVER In comparison with other Jewish communities around the country, South Broward has one of the highest percentages of persons aged 60 and older. Although the percentage of children is low in comparison to other Jewish communities, almost 9300 persons aged 19 and under reside in South Broward. Almost one of every two South Broward Jews, 48%, is over the age of 65. This includes 24% of the population age 75 and over, and almost 4% age 85 and over. Few Jewish communities in the United States have such high proportions of the population aged 65 or over. IMPLICATION Other data in the study indicate that the "elderly'' population is really made up of many groups. Some are poor, and some are wealthy. Some are completely mobile, and others are severely disabled. Some are very active in the Jewish comrnunity, while most are only marginally involved or are non-participants in Jewish life. South Broward, like other South Florida communities, is faced with the challenge of a large, growing, and diverse senior population. POPULATION AGE 60 AND OVER COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES Year % Age 60 and Over South Palm Beach West Palm Beach SOUTH BROWARD Miami Atlantic City Rochester New York Baltimore Philadelphia Milwaukee St. Louis Richmond Seattle San Francisco Bay Area Nashville Phoenix Chicago Kansas City Essex-Morris Counties, NJ San Diego Dallas Denver Boston Washington, D.C

24 IISTRIBUTION OF JEWISH POPULATION BY AGE AND REGION Eight percent (8%) of South Broward Jews are between the ages of 18 and 34, about one-fourth, 25%, are aged 25 to 54, while one in eight indi~iduals, 12%, are in the 55 to 64 age group. The current population is more dispersed and geographically segmented than it was a generation ago. For example, individuals over the age of 6.5 are far more likely to live on South Ocean Drive, while families with young children are more likely to live in the Western part of the county. IMPLICATION More programming and fund raising in Hallandale and South Ocean Drive needs to be "condo-based," while efforts in the West need to be coordinated with the synagogues and the Jewish Community Center. No single set of strategies can be utilized for such a diverse population. SOUTH OCEAN DRIVE AGE DISTRIBUTION HOLLYWOOD AGE DISTRIBUTION 50% HALLANDALE AGE DISTRIBUTION THE WEST AGE DISTRIBUTION 50% 50% 40% 30% ; fi~& 0% Under is+ Under t

25 HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND STRUCTURE The average household size for the entire South Broward Jewish community is 2.0. The largest households are clustered in Hollywood and the Western part of the county (2.2 each), while the smallest households are found in Hallandale (1.7) and South Ocean Drive (1.8). South Broward has a disproportionate share of one- and two-person households. Eighty-one percent (81%) of all households are comprised of one (31 10) or two (50%) persons. This reflects the relatively low proportion of households with children, and the relatively high proportion of households age 65 and over, including those who are widowed. Nine percent (9%) of South Broward Jewish households have three persons living in them, while 8% have four persons, and 3% are comprised of five or more persons. The highest proportion of Jewish households (46%) is comprised of couples without children - either empty nesters or young couples who have not yet started their families. The second highest proportion is comprised of single persons, 31 %. About 12% of Jewish households in South Broward is comprised of couples with children under age 18 living at home, and 4% of households have children between the ages of 18 and 24 living in them. Single parents account for 2% of households, and 6% of households are made up of other family configurations. HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 Person 31% 5+ Pus 4 Persons 3 Person 9% 2 Persons 50%

26 HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE CoupleslNo Children 46 7~ Sing Singles Under 65 6 Q

27 PLACE OF BIRTH Overall, 82% of Jewish persons were born in the United States, 39% in New York State. Another 13% were born in Florida (5% in Dade and 7% in Broward), with most of the remaining 3 places of birth in the Northeast. About 18% were IMPLICATION born outside the United States, mostly in Poland, Russia, and Germany. About 2% (1,600 persons) were born in Latin American countries. Because of the age structure, there is a relatively high proportion of foreign-born Jews in the South Broward area. Nearly one of every five respondents are first-generation Jews; that is, immigrants who came from another country. Fifty-four percent (54%) are second-generation; that is, the children of immigrants, and 26% are third- and fourth-generation or beyond. Lower levels of participation in the South i a Broward Jewish community, as represented by 1 F such measures as giving to the Jewish Federation and joining synagogues, can be tied to the phenom- I 1 enon of most South Broward Jews being born elsewhere. "Home" is someplace else. Many people, even those with relatively long residence in South Broward, may have emotional ties elsewhere. I! In comparison with other Jewish communities, PLACE OF I3WI'H I South Broward shows one of the lowest percentages locally born, 1270, which also includes Dade Born US., but... County. Miami (4%) and West Palm Beach (2%) Bor~l Brou)ard,lot locally are lower, and other Sunbelt communities, such Co1cn ty 7'7, 70 as Los Angeles (16%) and Richmond (22%), are also relatively low. On the other hand, South Broward has one of the higher percentages of foreign born (18%). The comparison with neighboring West Palm Beach (8%) and Miami (27%) is striking. As one moves north in South Florida, second-generation Jews are more predominant. Miami has been the destination for many firstgeneration Jews, South Broward has a mixture of first-, but mostly second-generation Jews, and Palm Beach is almost entirely second- or thirdgeneration Jews. Colttlty 5'; 18'7c I.

28 PLACE OF BIRTH COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES Year % Locally Born % US Born, But not Local % Total US Born % Foreign Born Worcester Chicago Philadelphia Essex-Morris Counties, N.J. Baltimore St. Louis Boston Washington, D.C. Dallas San Francisco Bay Area Richmond Denver SOUTH BROWARD Miami West Palm Beach * Includes 5% who were born in Dude County.

29 LENGTH OF RESIDENCE South Broward has a growing population. Nearly one of every five current residents has moved to the area since 1985, and another 21 7i have moved here since The area is attracting not only retirees and people over the age of 65, but individuals from a broad spectrum of the Jewish community. While more than four of every ten individuals who moved to South Broward since 1985 are age 65 and over, 21 % are between the ages of 45 and 64 and, most interestingly, 37% are under the age of 45. Thus, not only is the South Broward area grouing, it is attracting significant population proportions under the age of 45. The population in South Broward is likely to continue its growth pattern. About 22% of respondents say thev are very likely or somewhat likely to move in the next three years, and most of them are planning to move within the Broward area. There is no indication, given the rates of in-migration and out-migration, that the population will decline, and it is likely to continue to grow. C t t i I HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE OF REGION OF RESIDENCE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE MOVED HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE MOVED INTO SOUTH BROWARD SINCE 1985 INTO SOUTH BROWARD SINCE 1985 West 51 C?c Hallundale 23C7~ Non-Elderly Othrr 10% Cotrple 22% Non-Elderly Sirzgle Soufh Ocean Drizle 13% 7%

30 SNOWBIRDS Eighty-nine percent (89%) of the households in South Broward are full-time (8-12 months), while snowbirds (3-7 months) account for approximately I1 % of the households. The vast majority of snowbirds come to South Broward from New York (31%), New Jersey (lo%), Pennsylvania (9%), Illinois (6%) and Canada (20%). The rest come from a variety of locations throughout the United States. About one in every five snowbirds indicate that they will definitely or probably become a full-time resident sometime in the future. The data from past migrations indicate that this is a likely predictor, since 28% of current residents were snowbirds before they became fulltime residents. The median household income for snowbirds is $52,300 annually, versus only $35,300 for fulltime residents. Part-time residents are also much more likely to belong to a synagogue than are full-time residents. IMPLICATION The community is likely to continue to grow, and high proportions of the population are likely to continue to have "old community" allegiances and ties. The challenge with part-time residents is to integrate them into the community by making them feel "a part" of South Broward even though "home" for this group is elsewhere. Given their higher incomes and higher propensities toward joining synagogues, the potential benefits to meeting this challenge are sigruficant. k MONTHS IN RESIDENCE IN SOUTH BROWARD PLACE OF ORIGIN OF SNOWBIRDS Months 87% New York 31 5% 1 F Other U.S. 8-9 Months 2% 6-;Months 5% 2% Pennsylz~ania New Jersey 10% 9%

31 MARITAL STATUS Changes in marital status, more than any other indicator in American Jewish life, reveal profound transformations of life cycle patterns in the Arnerican Jewish community. IMPLICATION In 1970, Jews achieved "universal marriage," that is, more than 95% married by the time they The age at which Jewish men and women were 35 years old. In many communities today, marry is of concern to the Jewish community for universal mamage is not achieved until 45 years three basic reasons: First, most American Jews do of age. Simultaneously, however, divorce rates not affiliate with Jewish communal institutions among Jews are increasing, thereby returning until they have embarked on the marriage and more Jews to the singles population. family formation stages of their life cycle. Second, intermarriage has been linked to delayed In many ways, Jews of South Braward marriage since one is more likely to meet nonthe Pattern seen Pro- Jewish potential mates in work situations later in portions of South Broward lews are married in life. Third, delayed marriage almost always leads their twenties. Even among individuals between to delayed childbearing and often to smaller the ages of 25 and 34, almost one-third (30%) have families as well. never been married. In South Broward, universal marriage is achieved in the 35 to 44 age group, where 95% are married: 78% are currently married, 5% have never been mamed, 12% are divorced or separated, and 3% are widowed. As South Broward Jews age, proportions of those currently rnamed decrease. Among persons aged 55 to 64,90% of males and 82% of females are married. Among older Jews, rates of divorce decrease dramatically, while rates of the widowed rise precipitously. Females in the 35 to 44 age group are more than three times as likely as males in the same age group to be divorced or separated: 18% of females versus 5% of males. The highest concentration of widowed individuals appears among women aged 65 and older: 24% of women aged 65 to 74 are widowed, versus 7% of men. For those aged 75 to 85,49% of women and 16% of men are widowed.

32 CURRENT MARITAL STATUS BY AGE, MALES Married Widowed Divorced, Separated Single, Never Mamed Total * 99* * 100 CURRENT MARITAL STATUS BY AGE, FEMALES Mamed Widowed Divorced, Separated Single, Never Mamed Total ' Totals do not add up to 100% due to ro~tndiilg error.

33 SECULAR EDUCATION South Broward has relatively low levels of secular education attainment, compared to - - many other Jewish communities. Forty-three SECULAR EDUCATION, MALES percent (43%) of South Broward Jews have a high school diploma or less. This reflects the low educational attainment level, primarily of the 65 ' or Less 39% and over age group, where more than half have a high school education or less. Among the younger age groups, about two-thirds, 67%, of males aged 35 to 44 have at least a coliege degree, including 36% who have a graduate degree. Educational attainment levels of women are College Degree lower than those of men. About two-thirds of 235% women aged 65 and older have a high - school diploma or less. Furthermore, even among the 14% younger age groups, Jewish women in South Broward still do not have the same levels of educational attainment as Jewish men. For example, among 35 to 44 year old women, more than one SECULAR EDUCATION, ~ ~ ~ ~ L E S * If, 58%, have at least a college degree, includ- 111g 22% who have a graduate degree. For men, Hlgh School or Less 67% have a four year college degree, including 36% who have a graduate degree. 11% 22 % College Degree 20%

34 LEVEL OF SECULAR EDUCATION BY AGE, MALES High School or Less Graduated 2-year College I Graduated 4-year College Graduate Degree Total * 99* * 100 LEVEL OF SECULAR EDUCATION BY AGE, FEMALES High School or Less Graduated 2-year College Graduated 4-year College Graduate Degree Total 101* 99' 99* * 100 " Totals do not add up to 100% due to rounditzg error.

35 EMPLOYMENT STATUS As might be expected, the vast majority of older South Broward males, 90% of those 75 years of age or over, and 80% of the men 65 to 74 are retired. About 4% of males age 65 or over are still employed full time, and another 10% are employed part time. For women, even higher proportions of those age 75 or over are either retired or consider themselves fulltime homemakers, with only 37~ full- or part-time labor force participants. About 1070 of women aged 65 to 74 are full- or part-time labor force participants. The relatively high percentage of retired persons in the 55 to 64 age group is indicative of the trend toward early retirement. The vast rnaprity of women aged 25 to 44, those in prime childbearing and child raising years, are employed either full time or part time. Among women aged 35 to 44, for example, 57% are employed full time, and 15% are employed part time, while less than one in five, 18%, consider themselves homemakers. In the 25 to 34 age group, only 15% of vvomen consider themselves homemakers. IMPLICATION The data indicate a potential volunteer pool among the high proportion of the retired population. They also indicate the need for child-related services, including day care, pre-school, and after school programs. EMPLOYMENT STATUS, MALES Retired 53% EMPLOYMENT STATUS, FEMALES Retired 42% Employed Fldl Tune Employed Part Time 10% Homemaker 21 % Employed Full Tlme 22% '"Other" includes: disabled, unen~ployed, students.

36 EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY AGE, MALES rr 7r Employed Full Time Employed Part Time 12 0 Retired 0 0 Homemaker 0 0 Disabled 3 0 Unemployed 11 2 Student 42 0 Total , 101, 99, , EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY AGE, FEMALES Employed Full Time Employed Part Time Retired Homemaker Disabled Unemployed Student Total * * Totals do?lot add 1117 to 100% due to rounding error.

37 OCCUPATIONAL PROFILE Jewish men in South Broward are most likely to be involved (or to have been involved before retirement) in either professional or managerial/ proprietor positions, with 57% in such positions. Another 24% of men are in sales, while 12% are in either clerical/administrative or blue collar positions. There is little difference by age with high proportions of each age group being involved in professional and managerial positions. Among women, much higher proportions (36%) are employed in clerical/administrative and blue collar positions. This includes far higher proportions of women in the 25 to 44 year age group in clerical/administrative and blue collar occupations than men in the same age group. Therefore, along with education, there are still differences between Jewish men and women in all age groups in terms of socio-economic attainment. IMPLICATION The high proportion of those who are selfemployed indicates a strong potential entrepreneurial base for the fund raising future of the community. The notion that the private entrepreneur is vanishing as part of Jewish communal life is not borne out by the data in South Broward. EMPLOYMENT Twenty-nine percent (29%) of Jews in South Broward are (or were before retirement) selfemployed, 52% work for a private company, 3% for a non-profit organization, and 10% are employed by government. Another 6% say they have never worked. About 26% of people who are currently employed full time are self employed. The unemployment rate in 1989 for Jews was about 5.5%. This includes people who were out of work and seeking a job. Most individuals were out of work for less than a month before they found employment.

38 OCCUPATION BY AGE, MALES ProfessionaVTechnical 27 Sales Clerical Service Never Worked 55 Total ' 101* * 100 OCCUPATION BY AGE, FEMALES ProfessionaVTechnical 3 45 ManagerJProprietor 2 14 Sales 9 11 Clerical 1 11 Service Never Worked 60 2 Total ' * 101' 101* 101* * Totals do rzot a~ltl 11p to 100% due to ro~ri~clrr~g rrror.

39 HOUSEHOLD INCOME The median income of South Broward Jews is approximately $36,700 per year, relatively low compared to other Jewish communities, and a reflection of the high proportion of elderly Jews with incomes under $25,000 per year. Sixteen percent of respondents age 75 and over have incomes under $10,000 per year, while another 38% have annual incomes of $10,000 to $25,000. Overall, 8% of the South Broward Jewish population earns less than $10,000 annually, and another 27% earns between $10,000 and $25,000 per year. The data also indicate a substantial number of Jews in the community with higher incomes. For example, 18% of households earn $75,000 or more per year, including 8% that earn more than $100,000 annually. While there are substantial proportions of elderly Jews with annual incomes under $25,000, there are also substantial proportions of 65 to 74 year olds (16%) with incomes of at least $75,000 per year. As with age, education, and other factors of Jewish life, the income data reveal the diversity of the South Broward Jewish population. IMPLICATION Income levels are relatively low, but many older persons have considerable assets. Therefore, much greater emphasis on endowments is necessary for the financial security of the South Broward Jewish community. Furthermore, many of the low income families may require subsidized programs from the Jewish community. HOUSEHOLD INCOME (in Thousands of Dollars) Under $

40 1989 HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY AGE Under $10, $10,000-$24, $25,000-$49, $50,000-$74, $75,000-$99, $100,000 and Over Total 102* 101* * 101* 100 Median Income $50,000 $59,200 $50,500 ~44,900 $31,100 $23,500 ' Totals do not udd up to 100% liur to rolrnding errors.

41 JEWISH DENOMINATION Only 5% of South Bro~vard Jews identify themselves as Orthodox, while 375 say they are Conservative, 27% Reform, and 28% identit'y themselves as Just Jewish. Younger Jews are far less likely than Jews age 65 or over to identify themselves as Conservative, and far more likely to iden- Q themselves as Reform or Just Jewish. The greatest growth in terms of denominational identity in South Broward, therefore, will most likely be to the left, as opposed to the right of the spectrum. In comparison with other Jewish communities recently surveved, South Broward has one of the lower percentages of Orthodox Jews. The percentage Conservative is about in the middle of the comparison communities. The percentage Reform is lower than only one of the communities (Philadelphia) and the percentage Just Jewish is higher in only Miami and Los Angeles. JEWISH DENOMINATION BY AGE Under and over Orthodox Conservative Reform 0 Just Jewish Not Jewish

42 JEWISH DENOMINATION COMPARISON WITH OTHER COMMUNITIES Year % Orthodox % Conservative % Reform % Just Jewish West Palm Beach 1987 San Francisco Bay Area 1988 Washington, D.C Dallas 1989 Boston 1985 Philadelphia 1984 Rochester 1988 SOUTH BROWARD 1990 Atlantic City 1985 Essex-Moms Counties, N.J Chicago 1982 Worcester 1987 Kansas City 1985 Milwaukee 1983 Richmond 1983 St. Louis 1982 New Orleans 1988 Miami 1982 Atlanta 1983 New York 1981 Baltimore 1985