OLD TESTAMENT SACRIFICES

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1 OLD TESTAMENT SACRIFICES An Excerpt from a book titled The Mosaic Dispensation, published in 1998 by Ed Law MD-7-1!

2 WHAT IS A SACRIFICE? An act of worship (2 Chr. 32:12; Jer. 44:19; Ezek. 46:3-4) Involving something of value (Lev. 22:19-24; Mal. 1:7-8, 13-14) Deliberately and willingly given up (Lev. 1:3) At a cost to the giver (1 Chron. 21:22-24) Consuming the thing offered (Lev. 1:5-9; 5:12-13; 6:25-26) MD-7-1!

3 ORIGIN OF SACRIFICES PROBLEM:!!Originally, God and man were in close fellowship in the!!!garden (Gen. 2:8-9; 3:8).!!This fellowship was broken by sin (Gen. 3:1-6; Isa. 59:2).!!Dilemma: How was sinful man ever again to enter the!!!presence of the Holy God?!! SOLUTION:!!God, in His love and mercy, took the initiative and provided!!the opportunity and means for sinful man to approach Him.!!God s plan involved sacrifices and was revealed very soon!!after man sinned in the garden (Gen. 4:1-5).! MD-7-2!

4 LESSON FROM SACRIFICES God s people learned valuable lessons from the offering of sacrifices about the coming offering of Christ...!!Sin demands the death penalty - An execution occurs!!substitutionary offering - The innocent dies for the guilty!!redemption is in the shedding of the sacrifice s blood! God cares how we worship Him. Worship must be on God s terms and in His way! MD-7-3!

5 WHY WERE SACRIFICES OFFERED? Sacrifices were offered because they were commanded (e.g., Lev. 4:1-3) so, like baptism, they are the answer of a good conscience toward God (1 Pet 3:21). They were intended to achieve the following purposes:!!!to praise God (Jer. 17:26; 33:11)!!!To express thanksgiving (Psm. 107:22; Amos 4:5; Lev. 7:12,!!15; 22:29)!!!To appease God s judicial wrath (Num. 16:46)!!!To obtain forgiveness of sins (e.g., Lev. 4:13-20)!!!To appeal for God s favor in response to a petition!!(1 Sam. 13:9, 12)!! Sacrifices were intended to attain, restore, maintain, or celebrate friendly relations with deity... Their main purpose is to please the deity and to secure his favor. (The Intern l Std. Bible Encyp.)! MD-7-4!

6 SACRIFICES BEFORE SINAI!The first recorded sacrifice (Gen. 4:1-5)! Sacrifices often specifically requested by God (Gen. 35:1)! Sometimes specific locations specified (Gen. 35:1)! Specific types of sacrifices mandated (Gen. 4:1-5)!!Distinction made between clean and unclean animals (Gen. 8:20)! Sacrifices were offered by the patriarches!!!-!noah (Gen. 8:20)!!!-!Abraham (Gen. 12:7-8; 13:4, 18)!!!-!Isaac (Gen. 26:25)!!!-!Jacob (Gen. 31:54; 33:20; 35:1-7, 14; 46:1)!!!-!Moses (Ex. 17:15)!!!-!The Hebrews (Ex. 10:25)!!!-!Jethro (Ex. 18:12)! MD-7-5!

7 WHERE WERE SACRIFICES OFFERED PRIOR TO SINAI!!!Prior to Sinai, offered on altars constructed wherever the!!patriarchs were dwelling or camping ( Gen. 12:7-8; 13:4, 18)!!!Sometimes, specific locations had special significance!!(gen. 28:18-22; 35:1)!! AFTER SINAI!!!In the wilderness wanderings, sacrifices had to be offered!!on the altar at the tabernacle (Deut. 12:5, 13-14)!!!A single, permanent altar on Mount Ebal was mandated for!!sacrifices after the Israelites entered the promised land!!(deut. 27:1-8; Jos. 8:30-31)!!!Later, the temple in Jerusalem was the designated place for!!sacrifices to be offered (1 Kgs. 6:11-14; 8:62-63; 12:27-30)! MD-7-6!

8 TYPES OF SACRIFICES Burnt Offerings (Lev. 1:1-17; 6:8-13) Grain Offerings (Lev. 2:1-16; 6:14-23) Sin Offerings (Lev. 4:1-5:13; 6:24-30) Trespass Offerings (Lev. 5:14-6:7; 7:1-10) Peace Offerings (Lev. 3:1-17; 7:11-36) Drink Offerings (Num 15:1-11) MD-7-7

9 TYPES OF SACRIFICES, Continued A Summary 1. Burnt Offerings!!! With the associated Drink and Grain Offerings!!! 2. Sin and Trespass Offerings!!!!! With the associated Drink and Grain Offerings! 3. Peace Offerings!!! Part of which was the Wave and Heave Offerings!! With the associated Drink and Grain Offerings!!!! MD-7-8!

10 ACCEPTABLE SACRIFICES The following are examples of items that God accepted as sacrifices! ITEM!! TYPES OF SACRIFICES!! 1.!Cattle!Burnt!Sin!!Peace!! 2.!Goats!Burnt!Sin!Trespass!Peace! 3.!Lambs!Burnt!Sin!Trespass!Peace! 4.!Turtledoves!Burnt!Sin!Trespass! 5. Pigeons!Burnt!Sin!Trespass! 6.!Grain!!Sin!Trespass!!Grain!! 7.!Wine!!!!!!Drink! See Leviticus 1-7! MD-7-9!

11 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BLOOD IN SACRIFICES!The word blood has great significance and is used 163 times in the Pentateuch and 447 times in the whole Bible! Men of all dispensations were repeatedly forbidden to eat blood (Gen. 9:4; Lev. 7:26, 27; Acts 15:20, 29)! Blood was, of course, involved in Abel s sacrifice (Gen. 4:1-5) but was first emphasized in the passover (Ex. 12:12-13)! God said For the life of the flesh is in the blood (Lev. 17:10-12)! I have given it [blood] to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. (Lev. 17:11)! Animal blood of the OT was symbolic of the blood of the coming Christ (Heb. 9:6-12)! True forgiveness was possible only because of the blood of Christ (Rom. 3:25; Col. 1:14; Eph. 1:7; 2:13; Hebr. 9:11-14)! MD-7-10!

12 ANIMAL SACRIFICES WERE LIKE...!Baptism - because sacrificing, like baptism, was an act of!obedience and was the answer of a good conscience toward!god. Forgiveness was available through both baptism and!sacrificing, but in both cases, the saving power was not in the!act itself but in the grace of God. (1 Pet. 3:21; Acts 2:38; Num.!15:24-28; Hebr. 10:4; Eph. 2:8)!!!Prayer - because the act of sacrificing was used to offer praise!(jer. 17:26), thanksgiving (Num. 15:1-3), and supplication!(1 Sam. 13:9, 12) to God.!!!The sacrifice of Christ upon the cross - Because, in both!cases, an innocent party died and shed His blood so that a!guilty party might live and be accounted as innocent!(heb. 9:6-14; 25-26; 10:1-14).! MD-7-11!

13 NOTHING LEFT TO CHANCE God regulated every aspect of the offering of sacrifices including:!! What was to be offered (e.g., Gen. 4:1-5; Lev. 1:10)! When it was to be offered (e.g., Lev. 16:2-3, 29-30)! Where it was to be offered (e.g., Deut. 12:5, 13-14)! How it was to be offered (e.g., Lev. 1:1-10)! Who was to present the offering (e.g., Num. 16:40)!! God s careful legislation in these matters emphasizes that:!!it is serious business to seek to enter into God s presence!in worship!!he cares how we worship Him (see Matt. 15:9)! MD-7-12!

14 EXAMPLES OF ERRORS IN SACRIFICING 1. Wrong sacrifice - Cain (Gen. 4:1-5); Blemished (Mal. 1:7-8, 13-14) 2. Wrong altar - King Jeroboam (1 Kings 12:25-33; 13:33-34) 3. Wrong fire - Nadab and Abihu (Lev. 10:1-5) 4. Wrong priest - King Saul (1 Sam. 13:8-13) 5. Wrong attitude - Without reverence (Mal. 1:6-7; 10-13)! MD-7-13!

15 BURNT OFFERINGS The corresponding Hebrew word was Ola - that which goes up! Mentioned more frequently (244 times) than any other type of sacrifice! Note that term burnt offering usually referred to a specific kind of sacrifice (e.g, Lev. 1:3) but sometimes referred in general to all sacrifices that were burned on the altar (e.g., 2 Chron. 29:28, 31)! It was an act of worship and of service to God through which He was honored and supplication was expressed (Psm. 96:8; 1Sam. 13:12; 2 Sam. 24:21; 25; Isa. 43:23)! It was only acceptable when offered by those who were in a right relationship with God (Ps. 51:17; Isa. 1:11; 43:22; Jer. 6:20; Hos. 6:6 )! - Therefore, a sin sacrifice was always offered before the burnt offering (Lev. 9:22; 14:19; 2 Chron. 29:23, 27, 31)! Burnt offerings served to sustain fellowship with God! They had to be offered as a freewill offering (Lev. 1:7)! MD-7-14!

16 BURNT OFFERINGS, Continued 1. Basic steps in a burnt offering were (Lev. 1:1-17; 6:8-13):! Animal presented (i.e., cattle, goats, lambs, turtledoves, or pigeons)! Offerer places hand on the head of the sacrifice and kills it! Blood is collected and sprinkled around the altar! Preparation of the sacrifice (e.g., skinning and ceremonial washing of the sacrifice)! Burning of the sacrifice on the altar! 2. The animal burned all night until it was completely consumed! 3. Ashes were discarded outside the camp at a clean place! It is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made with fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord, (Lev. 1:17)! MD-7-15!

17 PEACE OFFERINGS A celebration of the joy of fellowship with God.! TYPES OF PEACE OFFERING! Thanksgiving (Lev. 7:11-12)! Vows (Lev. 7:16; Jud. 11:30-31)! Freewill (Lev. 7:16)! SUBSTANCES OFFERED! Cattle (Lev. 3:1)! Lambs ( Lev. 3:7)! Goats (Lev. 3:12)! OCCASIONS OF!PEACE OFFERINGS! First fruits (Num. 15:19-21)! Vows (Lev. 7:16)! Consecration (Ex. 29:24-27)! Feasts (Lev. 23:19)! Jealousy (Num. 5:25-26)! WAVE AND HEAVE!OFFERINGS! The portion of the peace offering that is given to the priests for their own use (Lev. 7:34;! 10:14-15)! ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY:! A grain offering and a drink offering (Num. 15:8-11)! MD-7-16!

18 PEACE OFFERINGS, Continued 1.!Peace offerings were to be perfect except that certain minor!!blemishes were accepted in freewill sacrifices (Lev. 22:21-23)! 2.!The blood was to be sprinkled around the altar (Lev. 3:2)! 3.!The fat of the sacrifice was to be burned on the altar (Lev. 3:3--5)! 4.!The breast and right thigh of the sacrifice was to be given to the!priests for their use (as wave and heave offerings) (Lev. 7:30-34)! 5.!The rest of the sacrifice was to be eaten by the one offering it:!!thanksgiving offerings had to be eaten the same day they were offered (Lev. 7:15)!!Freewill and votive offerings had to be eaten the second day after they were offered (Lev. 7:16)! Any not eaten was to be burned the third day (Lev. 7:17)! MD-7-17!

19 DRINK OFFERINGS!Long before Moses, Jacob offered a drink offering (Gen 35:14)!!Under the Mosaic dispensation, a drink offering always!!accompanied the offering of burnt sacrifices (2 Chr. 29:35)!!Involved the pouring out of the specified quantity of wine on!the altar. Apparently, none of it was consumed by the priests!(num. 15:10; 28:7)!!Drink offerings were often involved in worship of false gods!(jer. 7:18; Jer. 44:17-19)!!Note the story of David s special drink offering in 2 Sam.!23:15-17 and the Apostle Paul s offering in Phil. 2:17! MD-7-18!

20 OT STUDY LEADS TO NT UNDERSTANDING In the Old Testament: Burnt! offerings! were always! accompanied by! a drink! offering! In Phil. 2:17: The sacrifice! of the! Philippians! faith! might be! accompanied! by! Paul s! life! as a drink! offering! also see 2 Tim. 4:6 MD-7-19!

21 GRAIN (OR MEAT) OFFERINGS! Grain is a better translation than meat in that this sacrifice!always involved cereal or grain products! -!May be fine flour (Lev. 2:1)! -!May be cooked in various ways ( Lev. 2:4-7)! -!May be roasted grain of first fruits (Lev. 2:14)! -!Usually offered with oil and frankincense (Lev. 2:1)! -!Always salted (Lev. 2:13) but never prepared with leaven or honey (Lev. 2:11)!!Grain sacrifices accompanied the sacrifice of animals (e.g.,!burnt, sin, and peace offerings) - Num. 7:87; 15:4, 24)!!The significance of this type sacrifice is not known.!!a memorial portion was burned on the altar (Lev. 2:9; 6:15)!!The remainder belonged to the priests (Lev. 2:10; 6:16)! MD-7-20!

22 SIN AND TRESPASS OFFERINGS The distinction between sin and trespass offerings is unclear! Both addressed unintentional, ignorant, or minor trespasses of God s law! Trespass offerings often involved payment of restitution (Lev. 5:16; 6:5)! MD-7-21!

23 SIN AND TRESPASS OFFERINGS What Sins They Covered 1.!Sin offerings atoned for unintentional sins and sins of!!ignorance (Lev. 4:2, 14, 28 - Note Lev. 5:17 )! 2.!Trespass offerings atoned for:!! Failure to testify (Lev. 5:1)!! Touching unclean thing (Lev. 5:2-3)!! Unintentional breaking of a vow (Lev. 5:4)!! Unintentional sinning against holy things (Lev. 5:14)!! Lying to neighbor for gain (Lev. 6:1-3)!! Sins of a leper who was to be cleansed (Lev. 14:12-17)!! Fornication with concubine betrothed to another 19:20-22)!! Marrying a foreigner (Ez. 10:19)!! (Lev. MD-7-22!

24 SIN AND TRESPASS OFFERINGS Sin NOT Covered 1.! Presumptuous sin (KJV); defiant sin (NASV)-- Num. 15:30-31!!Hebrew word means high handed. Refers to intentional, rebellious, and unrepentant disobedience (Deut. 1:43)!! Brings reproach on the Lord (Num. 15:30)! Involves despising God s word (Num. 15:31) and refusing to listen (Deut. 1:43; 17:12-13)! Described as the great transgression (Ps. 19:13)!!Compare with 1 John 5:16 and Mark 3:28-29! 2.!Sins calling for the death penalty - For example:!!cursing father or mother (Lev. 20:9)!!Adultery (Lev. 20:10)! MD-7-23!

25 SIN AND TRESPASS OFFERINGS The General Process - Lev. 4:1-6:7 1.!Sacrifice may be for the nation as a whole, for the leader, for!the priests, or for one of the common people! 2.!Acceptable sacrifices included a bull, ram, female lamb, and in!some cases, turtledoves, pigeons, or grain! 3.!Offerer put his hand on the animal s head and killed it outside!the door of the tabernacle! 4.!Presiding priest collected some of the blood!! Sprinkled 7 times in front of the veil of the sanctuary!! Some placed on the horns of the altar of incense (this!step required only if the entire congregation sinned)!! Remainder poured at base of the altar of burnt offerings! 5.!The fat of the animal was burned on the altar! 6.!The rest of the animal burned outside the camp (Christ s body!was also taken outside the camp - see Heb.13:11-12)! MD-7-24!

26 THE DAY OF ATONEMENT THE PROCESS! 1.!To be observed on the 10th day of the 7th month. No work!was to be done on this day. The people were to humble!themselves (Lev. 23:27-32).! 2.!This was the only time that the Holy Place was entered and!at this time it was entered only by the high priest!!(lev. 16:2; 17).! 3.!Three sacrifices were selected; a bull and 2 goats. Lots were!drawn to decide which goat would be burnt as a sacrifice!and which would be released as the scapegoat (6-10)! 3.!First, the high priest offered a sin sacrifice for himself and!his family (Lev. 16:11-14). This involved:!!!killing a bull (11)!!!Burning incense in the Holy Place (12)!!!Sprinkling the bull s blood on the mercy seat (14)! MD-7-25!

27 THE DAY OF ATONEMENT, Continued 4.!He then killed a goat as a sin offering for the people and!used the blood as he did the blood of the bull (15).! 5.!The high priest then laid his hands on the head of the!!live goat, confessed the sins of the people, and sent!!the goat away to be released in an uninhabited land (21-22).! 6.!This scapegoat carried away the sins of the people into!the wilderness (21-22).! 7.!The high priest then cleansed himself and burned the fat!of the sin offerings for himself and the people. The rest of!the sacrifices were burned outside the camp (23-28).! THE RESULTS! 8.!Their sins were born away (22)! 9.!They were clean from all their sins (30)! 10.!Atonement was made (32-33)! MD-7-26!

28 SIN AND TRESPASS OFFERINGS Must be Accompanied by... 1.!Confession of sin (Lev. 5:5, 1Kgs. 8:35)!! 2.!Repentance /Restitution (Lev. 5:15-16; 16:1-5;!1Kgs. 8:35; 2 Chron. 7:14; Ezek. 18:21 )!! 3.!Prayer (2 Chron. 7:14; 1Kgs. 8:35)! (See Ezra 9:1; 10:3, 10-11, 19 for an example of this process.! Also, note from Jonah 3:5-10 that the pattern was the same for! OT Gentiles)! MD-7-27!

29 SIN AND TRESPASS OFFERINGS Did They Really Forgive Sin? The Old Testament clearly teaches that sin and trespass offerings resulted in forgiveness of sin (Num. 15:25, 26, 28; Lev. 5:13, 16, 18). The blood of sacrifices had special significance in this process (Lev. 17:10-11).! Yet Hebrews 10:4 says that it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins.! How do we reconcile these passages? Was forgiveness of sins really available for Old Testament Jews? Is so, how was it obtained?! MD-7-28!

30 SIN AND TRESPASS OFFERINGS Forgiveness of Sins!The only true saving power is in Jesus (Acts 4:12) and His blood!(matt. 26:28; Rom. 5:8-9; Eph. 1:7; Col. 1:14; Col. 2:13-14;!!Hebr. 9:14; 1Pet. 1:18-19; 1John 1:7; Rev. 1:5)!!There was no saving power in animal blood (Heb. 10:1-10).!!But some Old Testament Jews were saved from their sins!!(num. 14:17-20; Psm. 32:1, 5; 85:2; 130:3-4; 1 Kings 8:33-36; 2!!Chron. 6:24-25; 7:14; Ezek. 33:11-16) and sacrifices played a part!in this salvation (Num. 15:25, 26, 28; Lev. 5:13, 16, 18)!!They were saved by their sacrifices in the same way that we are!saved by baptism; not by the physical act (which had no magic!!power) but through the answer of a good conscience toward!!god (2 Pet. 3:21) - i.e., through obedience.!!so by obeying God; by meeting His conditions, the OT Jews!!obtained His favor and received His free salvation. This salvation!was possible because of the blood of Christ that was slain from!the foundation of the world. (Rev. 13:8)! MD-7-29!

31 CONDITIONS FOR FORGIVENESS for Old Testament Sinners SOLOMON S PRAYER! When they sin against You (for there is no one who does not sin)... yet they come to themselves... and repent, and make supplication to You... saying, We have sinned... and when they return to you with all their heart and with all their soul... then hear from heaven and forgive your people who have sinned against You.!! THE LORD S ANSWER TO SOLOMON! I have heard your prayer... if My people... will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven and forgive their sins...! 2 Chron. 6:36-39; 7:14! MD-7-30!

32 RESTORING BROKEN FELLOWSHIP Under the Mosaic Dispensation IN FELLOWSHIP WITH GOD! Obeying God s law, walking in the light! Jhn. 8:14! Disobedience! Forgiveness! Repentance! Confession! Prayer! *Sacrifices! IN SIN - SEPARATED FROM GOD (Isa. 59:2)! Practicing rebellious disobedience! 2 Chron. 6:36-39; 7:14! Lev. 5:15! * Sins of ignorance only! MD-7-31!

33 FORGIVENESS RESTORING BROKEN FELLOWSHIP For Old Testament Gentiles!! IN FELLOWSHIP WITH GOD! Obeying God s law, walking in the light! Disobedience! Forgiveness! Repentance! Confession! Prayer! Jonah 4:3-10! IN SIN - SEPARATED FROM GOD (Isa. 59:2)! Practicing rebellious disobedience! MD-7-32!

34 FORGIVENESS!! RESTORING BROKEN FELLOWSHIP Under the Dispensation of Christ IN FELLOWSHIP WITH GOD! Obeying God s law, walking in the light! Rom. 6:15-18! Disobedience! Forgiveness! Repentance! Confession! Prayer! Acts 8:22! 1 Jhn. 1:9! IN SIN - SEPARATED FROM GOD (Isa. 59:2)! Practicing rebellious disobedience! MD-7-33!

35 BUT HOW WERE OT JEWS FORGIVEN? Jews were forgiven just like every one else who ever lived. That is, they were saved by the grace of God, by the blood of the lamb that was slain from the foundation of the world, when they met His conditions.!!abraham was saved by grace (Rom. 4:1-6) when he met!!god s conditions (Gal. 3:6)!!David was saved by grace (Rom. 4:7-8) when he met!!god s conditions (2 Sam. 12:13)!!Gentiles of Nineveh were saved by grace (Jonah 4:10)!!when they met God s conditions (Jonah 4:5-9)!!Christians are saved by grace (Eph. 2:8) when they meet!god s conditions (e.g., 1 Jhn. 1:7; Acts 8:22)! This grace was demonstrated in the death of Christ on the cross.! MD-7-34!

36 SIN AND TRESPASS! OFFERINGS Forgiveness of Sins, Continued 1.!The Jews had to obey the law (e.g., Deut. 8:1, 11)!!!!This included the offering of sacrifices (e.g., Lev. 4:27-28)!!!!Certain minor transgressions were forgiven because of!!!!sacrifices (Lev. 4:35)! 2.!When sin occurred the Jews were to:!!!!repent (Lev. 5:15-16; 16:1-5; 1Kgs. 8:35; 2 Chron. 7:14;!!!!Ezek. 18:21 )!!!!Confess their sin to God (Lev. 5:5, 1Kgs. 8:35)!!!!Pray for His pardon (2 Chron. 7:14; 1Kgs. 8:35)! 3.!They were then forgiven by the grace of God (Rom.4:1-8). This!!was possible because of the coming death of Christ on the!!cross (Rom. 5:8-9).! 4.!The forgiven Jew continued to be obligated to obey the law!!(john 8:11). When he sinned again, the above process was!!repeated.! MD-7-35!

37 PERIODIC SACRIFICES 1.!A lamb was to be offered as a burnt offerings every morning!and every evening (Ex. 29:38-46; Num. 28:1-8).! 2.!Two additional lambs were to be offered every Sabbath!!(Num. 28:9-10).! 3.!On the first day of each month, they were to offer 2 bulls, a ram,!and 7 lambs as a burnt offering and also a goat as a sin offering!(num. 28:11-15).! 4.!At the Feast of Unleavened Bread, they were to offer the same!as on the first day of the month (Num. 28:17-25)! 5.!On the Day of Firstfruits, they were to offer the same as on the!first day of the month (Num. 28:26-31).! 6.!On the Day of Trumpets, they were to offer a bull, a ram, and 7!lambs as well as a goat for a sin offering (Num. 29:1-6).! 7.!On the Day of Atonement, the offering was the same as the!day of Trumpets (Num. 29:7-11).! 8.!On the eight days of the Feast of Tabernacles, they were to offer!71 bulls, 15 rams, and 105 lambs, and 8 goats (Num. 29:12-40)! MD-7-36!

38 THE ORDER OF SACRIFICES While discussed in a different order, sacrifices were always performed in the following order (Num. 6:16-17):! Sin Offerings! Burnt Offerings! Peace Offerings! To restore fellow-! ship with God! through seeking! atonement! To maintain fellow-! ship with God! through worship! To celebrate! fellowship! with God! (See 2 Chron. 29:21, 27-28, 31 as an illustration of this order)! MD-7-37!

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