General Considerations & Reflections

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2 General Considerations & Reflections -Who are we??? -Our relationship with our Lord. -What does it mean to perform Hajj or Umrah??? 2

3 Hajj and Umrah Involve visiting Kabah and performing set of rituals Highly regarded Umrah is an expiation for sins committed between it the previous ones and the reward for an accepted Hajj is none other than Paradise (Bukhari and Muslim) 3

4 Status Umrah is sunnah Performed at anytime during the year Hajj is mandatory Allah states, And for Allah upon men Hajj is mandatory if the means exist. (3:97) Prophet (saw) stated, Verily Allah has made hajj mandatory upon you, so make Hajj. (Hadrat Abu Saeed, Muslim) Performed during days of Hajj (8th of Dhul Hijjah to the 13th of Dhul Hijjah) 4

5 Conditions - Adulthood Defined by puberty Child rewarded, but mandate is not uplifted 5

6 Conditions Financial Means Includes cost of journey and funds at home for dependents Does not include the cost of a luxury package, souvenirs and gifts, or going to Medina 6

7 Conditions Ability Must be physically able to make journey Free of illness Presence of mehram Free from iddah An unable, wealthy adult should have hajj badl done on their behalf Directly commissioned while alive Through will if expired 7

8 Rulings If conditions of hajj met, then fard once in a lifetime Must be done immediately Sin to delay; uplifted once performed Leave instructions in will to have someone perform it (as a backup) 8

9 Preparing for the Journey 9

10 Saving Up Make an effort to save up halal money If family not going then it is necessary to leave behind sufficient provision for them Don t be stingy, each penny spent is rewarded 10

11 Selecting a Group Essential part of the Hajj Group represents your team on the mission for forgiveness Ensure group organizer is experienced and shares a similar outlook to yours Seek a scholar that will not cut corners 11

12 Closing the Circle Seek forgiveness from those who have been wronged Clear up conflicts with hikmah Repay debt Makruh to go if debt is immediately due and permission is not taken If individual passed away, make up in some other manner Return any entrusted items 12

13 Closing the Circle Repent to Allah Make ghusl or wudu Pray two rakah with intention of forgiveness Reflect on past mistakes and make firm intention to never commit them again Make dua 13

14 Permission from Parents If they need service then moving forward with plans is makruh If do not need service then permissible, but more barakah in asking 14

15 Preparing a Will Appoint an executor Include the following Debts, including acts of worship Entrusted items Wasiyah of up to 1/3 of wealth 15

16 Studying for Hajj General principle is that we study in relation to the event Wajib to learn what is necessary to perform the Hajj Make an effort to read and study beforehand Attend seminars explaining the rites Map out a mental plan 16

17 Immunizations Get done early so that body can mount an effective response Don t lie on the form 17

18 Documents and Passports Make copies of all important documents and passports Leave one copy at home, one with a friend, and one in your bags 18

19 The Day of the Journey Try to arrange departure on Thursday, if possible Prophet (saw) often commenced trips on Thursday, including his Hajj Give charity a few days before Applies throughout the trip 19

20 Packing Travel Light Makes your journey easier Don t deceive airline by sneaking on more weight than allowed Separate cash into different places 20

21 The Day of Departure 21

22 Before Leaving Home Two rakat at home prior to leaving Make dua when leaving home 22

23 An Amir Appoint a leader to organize the group for this stage of the travel Prophet (saw) said, When three people travel they must appoint one of them as their amir. Most groups arrange this beforehand, in which case it becomes imperative to follow the amir Hadrat Abu Saeed Al-Khudri; Abu Dawud 23

24 Being a Traveller 48 miles from border of city equals travel Remain traveler unless make niyyah to stay in one place for 15 days 24

25 Being a Traveller Fiqh Implications Shorten Zuhr, Asr, and Isha from 4 to 2 rakahs Exception = praying behind resident imam Sunnahs downgraded If actively moving then leave except fajr/maghrib If stationary then pray Witr remains wajib Spiritual implications: Duas accepted 25

26 Praying on the way Must offer prayers Many are not particular about this Going to perform 1 fard and miss five daily 26

27 Praying on the way In plane use map channel to determine Qiblah Pray standing in small groups or individually, if possible. Otherwise, pray seated and make up after landing. Use the position of the sun in your location to determine prayer times. 27

28 Background Prophet (SAW) performed multiple umrahs and one hajj Before this hajj also performed umrah So, sunnah to perform umrah before the hajj 28

29 Ihram To perform umrah or hajj state of ihram is necessary Intention when placing ihram divides hajj into three types 29

30 Types of Hajj Hajj Tamattu Hajj Qiran Hajj Ifrad 30

31 Ihram Appendix A 31

32 Definition State required to enter haram Certain acts become haram, hence ihram Spiritually, the state entered by someone who forsakes everything for Allah 32

33 Miqat - Boundaries Must be entered before crossing particular boundaries Established by the hadith 33

34 Reaching Miqat Wajib to enter state of ihram before crossing this border if intending to enter haram If ihram not entered then must return back to border and enter ihram If not possible then must offer a damm 34

35 Miqat - Rulings Jeddah is within miqat Must be in ihram prior to landing at Jeddah, if intend to directly head to Mecca Enter ihram at stop over just before Jeddah Don t pack in check-in luggage 35

36 Miqat - Rulings Ihram not necessary if going to medinah from jeddah Although crossed miqat, no intention to go directly to mecca Ihram not necessary if going directly to Medina as Medina is outside of the miqat 36

37 Preparation for Entering Ihram Clip nails, remove armpit hair and pubic hair (mustahabb) Done before leaving home Ghusl or wudu (sunnah) For cleanliness Not replaced by tayammum Done by menstruating women as well Okay to use scented soap Apply scent to body (sunnah, but for males only) 37

38 Clothing of Ihram - Males Two unstitch white sheets of cloth Must remove all other clothing (including undergarments, socks, shoes, hat) Sandals are worn, but must not cover central bone of foot 38

39 Clothes of Ihram - Females Regular stitched clothes, hijab, socks, shoes, etc Cloth cannot touch face Instead can use baseball-type cap for niqab Menstruating woman will also put on clothing of ihram 39

40 Salah for Ihram Two rakah (sunnah) with intention of ihram Qul ya ayyuhal kafirun in 1st rakah Qul hulllahu ahad in 2nd rakah Prayer not offered at makruh or haram times or by menstruating woman Okay for males to cover head 40

41 Making the Intention Remain seated facing Qiblah (mustahabb) Uncover head (males) Make niyyah for the ihram, including type of act intended (i.e., type of Hajj) 41

42 Intentions ا لل ه م إ ن ي أ ر ي ي د اليع ي مر ة ف ي س ي ره ا ل ي و ت ق ب يله ا م ن ي ا لل ه م إ ن ي أ ر ي ي د ا ي ل ج واليع ي مر ة ف ي س ير ا ل ي و ت ق ب يله م ا م ن ي ا لل ه م إ ن ي أ ر ي ي د ا ي ل ج ف ي س ي ره ل ي و ت ق ب يله م ن ي 42

43 Legal Ruling Verbal better, but silent accepted Can be done in your own language If performing Hajj on behalf of someone else (Hajj badal) then should take that person s name 43

44 Spiritual Dimension And complete Hajj and Umrah for Allah (2:196) Niyyah is core of all acts of worship Must be checked, rechecked, and triple checked 44

45 Niyyah Hajj is not to gain fame, vacation, historical tour, etc Prophet (saw) said, A time will come for the people when rich will go to the pilgrimage as tourists for enjoyment and amusement, middle-class will go to engage in trade and business poor will go to beg and scholars will go to gain name and fame Hadrat Anas; Kanz ul Ummal (v2, p26) 45

46 Talbiyah Recite three times (once is wajib; three is sunnah) ل ب يك ا لل ه م ل ب يك ل ب يك ال ش ر ي ي ك ل ك ل ب يك ا إ ن ي ل ي مد و الن ي عم ة ل ك و اليم يلك ال ش ر ي ي ك ل ك 46

47 Ruling Men loudly (sunnah), women softly Cannot be absolutely silent 47

48 Talbiyah Should be continuously recited throughout journey Use changes of state as a reminder Not recited during tawaf or sa ie Ends with the beginning of tawaf in umrah with the first stoning in Hajj 48

49 Milestone of Talbiyyah Legally (with niyyah) places a servant in a state of ihram Represents answer to Allah s call to perform Hajj Represents answer to Prophet Ibrahim s (AS) call to Hajj 49

50 Talbiyah Ramifications ي ل ب ي ا م ن م ي سل م إال ل ب م ين ع ن ق ال ر س ي ول هللا )ص( م ي ين ه و ش ال ه م ين ح ج ر أ يو ش ج ر أ يو م د ر ح ت ت ين ق ط ع األ ي رض م ين ه ه ن ا و ه ه ن ا A muslim does not call the talbiyah except that from his right and from his left every stone, tree, and the ground also recites the same to the end of the earth Sahl ibn S ad; Tirmizi and Ibn Majah 50

51 Talbiyah Reported that when Ali Zainul Abideen (ra) used to enter into ihram face would become pale, body would shake, and could not recite labbaik Asked why..stated, I fear greatly that in reply to my labbaik, a cry may come saying laa labbaik. Your presence here is not accepted. He would then utter labbaik and fall off his camel unconscious. 51

52 Ihram (Practical Points) Enter into ihram at your layover or prior to leaving home. Locks you into performing the hajj/umrah Only other way to removed state is by sacrificing in Mecca Therefore, enter into ihram once you are certain that you have your seat. 52

53 Prohibited Acts During Ihram Ihram like takbir tahrimah of salah Several types of acts become prohibited 53

54 Prohibited Acts Romance in all forms Verbal, physical, kissing, embracing, etc Intercourse breaks the ihram and invalidates the hajj! Hunting or assisting in hunting of a land dwelling animal; even an ant is prohibited Eating food hunted by non-muhrim is okay 54

55 Prohibited Acts Applying fragrance on body, clothes, etc, in any manner (e.g., fragrant soap, deodorant, cologne/perfume, scented towelettes) Removing hair or nails from any part of body Do not comb hair Do not run fingers through beard Natural falling okay 55

56 Prohibited Acts Stitched clothing (in the shape of the body) or sealed footwear for men Central bone of foot must be uncovered Covering head (men) or face (men and women) Women should wear a baseball cap or visor under their niqab 56

57 Prohibited Acts Fighting or arguing with anyone, even if you are right 57

58 Permissible Acts Umbrella or shade so long as does not touch head Ring, glasses, hearing aid, watch, money belt Wearing a backpack Removing the clothing of ihram Wearing a new set of ihram clothing Security Belt 58

59 Permissible Acts Washing body But should not be done to remove dirt Using unscented soap Hair falling naturally Covering body with blanket or sleeping bag, even if stitched Face and head must be uncovered 59

60 Permissible Acts Using a pillow Using miswak Carrying load or luggage on the head Covering the face with a tissue when sneezing Drying the face with a towel after taking a shower or making wudu 60

61 Umrah of Hajj Tamattu 61

62 Arrival at Saudi Arabia 62

63 Arrival at Jeddah Go through immigration Hand over your passports Check in with muallim Organizer on the Saudi side for buses, tents, passports, etc Get transported to Mecca Mukarramah Entire process can take hours 63

64 Entering the Haram Symbolizes the court of Allah Unlawful to hunt, trap or frighten an animal, chop a tree, to cut a blade of grass, etc Enter with humility with labbaik flowing from lips 64

65 Dua when entering Haram ا لل ه م إن ه ذ ا ح ر م ك و ح ر م ر س ي ول ك ف ح ر يم ل يم يي و د م يي و ع ظيم يي ين ع ذ اب ك ي ي م آم ن ي م وم ت ي ب ع ث ع ب اد ك و ب ش ر ي ع ل ى الن ار ا لل ه و ا ي جع يلن ي م ين أ ي ول ي ائ ك و أ ي هل ط اع ت ك و ت يب ع ل ي إن ك أنيت الت و اب الر ح يم 65

66 Heading to Mecca Settle in your hotel room; rest okay Make wudu before going to masjid Recommended even if state of purity exists Women in state of hayd cannot go to masjid Do dhikr until opportunity arises 66

67 Towards Masjid Head towards Masjid with humility reciting talbiyah Enter from Salam Door; if not possible then from Umrah Door Enter masjid with right foot, make dua, and niyyah for nafl itikaf No need for tahiyyatul masjid, greeting of masjid in this circumstance will be via tawaf 67

68 68

69 Heading Toward Kabah Reciting talbiyah Head toward central part of masjid where kabah is located Walk slowly with sight down Find relatively less-crowded area away from path where people are coming and going into masjid 69

70 Sighting the Kabah Make dua (highly accepted) Acceptance of other duas Entry into jannah without account 70

71 Umrah 71

72 Two Major Acts Tawaf (fard) Involves circling the Kabah 7 times Saee (wajib) Refers to moving between safa and marwah seven times BOTH DONE IN A STATE OF IHRAM 72

73 Tawaf Appendix B 73

74 Introduction Literally to circle around Legally to circle around kabah seven times with an intention Spiritually is the lover circling the home of the Beloved 74

75 Step One: Wudu Required for tawaf Ensure a state of wudu before you enter the masjid 75

76 Step Two: Locating the Starting Point Locate Hajar al-aswad Opposes corner with one minaret (vs. two for other corners) Opposite green light Tawaf begins at imaginary line between hajar ul-aswad and green light 76

77 Step Three: Idtaba and Ramal Make idtibaa by exposing right arm (men) Done only when saee is to follow Sunnah; tawaf still occurs if forget Do before reaching starting point Ramal is performed whenever idtibaa is performed Walking upright in a light jogging motion Done during the first three rounds 77

78 Step Four: Intention Select a location a few steps before the start line Imaginary line of hajarul-aswad is to your right Stand facing the kabah Make niyah for tawaf Better to specify type, but not necessary Raise hands as if making takbir and say Bismillahi allahu akbar walillahil hamd 78

79 79

80 Istilam Align yourself so that left arm is in line with corner (i.e., so that body is facing direction of flow) Turn chest and face towards kabah with feet planted forward With arms outstrectched and palms facing black stone recite bismillahi allahu akbar Then kiss palms and lower to side 80

81 Step Six: Circling the Kabah Circle the kabah in the direction of flow Make dhikr, recite Quran, recite kalimah while making tawaf No established prayers No talbiyah However have a plan 81

82 Spiritual Dimension Proclaim the pilgrimage among men so that they may witness the benefit provided for them (22:27) House described as full of blessings and of guidance for the entire world (3:96) Whoever enters it attains security (3:97) And complete Hajj and Umrah for Allah 82

83 Step Seven: Passing rukun yamani As you pass this corner touch with right hand or both palms If distant from corner do not raise or kiss hands Sunnah to recite rabana after passing corner until reaching hajar ulaswad 83

84 Step Eight: Completing Rounds With each circuit make istilam at hajarul aswad by reciting bismillahi allahu akbar Make seven rounds total and complete seventh round with istilam After tawaf idtibaa ends 84

85 Step Ten: Salah at Maqam Ibrahim Two rakah, wajib If no space then can perform anywhere in the masjid Don t block mataf Should not be offered during makruh or haram times Offer after fard of next salah Sunnah to recite Qul ya ayyuhal kafirun in 1st and Qul huwallah ahah in 2nd 85

86 Step Eleven: Zamzam Taps located on wall opposite Maqam Ibrahim Face direction of kabah and drink as much as possible Regular sunnahs apply (e.g. bismillah, right hand) Standing is sunnah Also wipe small amount of water over the body 86

87 Zamzam Make dua at this location, recommended dua : ا لل ه م ا ن أ ي سئ ل ك ع يلم ا ن اف ع ا و ر ي زق ا ك ل ي و اس ع ا و ش ف اء ين م د اء 87

88 Spiritual Dimension Prophet (saw) said that zamzam is for, whatever is intended. May Allah quench our spiritual thirst in the same way that it quenches physical thirst 88

89 Tawaf Point- 1 All seven rounds should be done consecutively in a state of wudu If breaks before 4 then must start over If breaks after 4 then can resume at last complete round that you completed 89

90 Tawaf Points 2,3,4 Okay to perform tawaf on 2 nd and 3 rd floors If confused about the number of rounds then go with the certain number Do not enter hatim If cross through then must repeat round 90

91 Tawaf Points 5,6,7 If drop something do not bend down to pick it up Body must face direction of flow If chest or back faces kabah then must retrace steps or, if not possible, repeat round Join congregational prayer when arises; tawaf usually resumes immediately after the fard prayer 91

92 Tawaf Points 8,9,10 Husband or wife should not hold hands or touch physically Cloth or fabric okay Perform tawaf on your own strength Wheel chairs are available Turn off cell phones 92

93 Sa ee Appendix C 93

94 Two Major Acts Tawaf (fard) followed by salah at maqam Ibrahim Involves circling the Kabah 7 times Saee (wajib) Refers to moving between safa and marwah seven times BOTH DONE IN A STATE OF IHRAM 94

95 Sa ee - Basics Sa ee literally means to run Legally refers to going between safa and marwah 7 times Not an independent act of worship 95

96 Istilam Mustahabb to face direction of Hajar Aswad and perform istilam once again (making a total of 9) before saee Done from afar 96

97 Saee Approaching Safa Proceed to safa (in the direction of the green light on the wall), but toward the back of the masjid When heading in this direction recite: أ ب ي د أ ب ا ب د أ هللا ب ه إ ن الص ف ا و اليم ي رو ة ين م ش ع ائ ر هللا 97

98 98

99 Saee - Intention Climb safa slightl Make intention for sa ee Allahumma inni uridus sa ya baynas safa wal marwata sab ata ashwat lillahi azza wajalla, fa yassirhu li wa ta qaballalhu mini 99

100 Sa ee Initial Dhikr Facing kabah raise both hands to shoulders, as if making dua, and say AllahuAkbar, la ilaha illallah three times Salawat Make dua (for a few minutes) 100

101 Sa ee Heading Toward Marwah Head toward marwah (right lane) reciting adkar and dua. In particular the following should be recited abundantly Rabbighfir warham antal a azzul akram Between area marked by green lights quicken pace, running slowly (men only) 101

102 102

103 Upon Marwah At marwah climb slightly and face the direction of the Kabah. Repeat what was done at safa This competes one round 103

104 Return to safa Head back to safa to complete second round, etc Remember to run slowly (men) between green lights At safa make dhikr and dua as previously described Seventh round ends at marwah 104

105 Spiritual Dimension Prophet Ibrahim (AS) true tawhid Prophet Ibrahim (AS) true friendship Prophet Ibrahim (AS) hosting of guests Prophet Ibrahim (AS) progeny of prophets with son like Prophet Ismail (AS) Hajirah (AS) patience and reliance upon Allah Prophet Ibrahim settled family near masjid; asked that hearts of people be filled with their love 105

106 Spiritual Dimension From this barren land you raised well and established civilization and din So, from my spiritually barren heart do the same and from my spiritually barren land do the same At Dar al-arqam you gave Hazrat Umar the taufiq to convert So, as I pass by this area grant me the save fervor towards the din that you granted Hazrat Umar 106

107 Completion of sa ee Seventh round ends at marwah If performing umrah for Hajj tamattu, then after sa ee must shave (halaq) or trim (qasr) hair to exit ihram 107

108 Sa ee Points 1,2,3 Okay to perform sa ee on upper levels of masjid above safa and marwah Sunnah to do all rounds together; permissible to take a break to drink water If congregation prayer arises then join prayer. Sa ee usually resumes after fard prayer

109 Sa ee Points 4,5,6,7 If unsure of number of rounds then go to lower number Husband and wife should not hold hands or touch physically during sa ee Perform on own strength; wheel chairs available Wudu is prefered, but not required 109

110 Halaq Required after hajj or umrah to release an individual from ihram Do not perform if doing umrah of hajj qiran 110

111 Halaq/Qasr Appendix D 111

112 Men Hair must be removed by shaving (better) or triming at least 1 inch off of each hair of the head Bald individual must have razor passed over skin Can easily be done at the numerous barber shops located outside the masjid 112

113 Women Women trim slightly more than 1 inch from each area of head Hair divided into three sections (right, left, middle) Cut by mehram/female in private Salons are not present outside of the masjid After trimming injunctions of ihram are lifted and umrah is complete 113

114 Spending time in Mecca Every prayer in jamat Each prayer worth 100,000 times normal Be careful of intermixing during prayers Need to have space of 1 body between you and any woman also praying behind imam 114

115 Spending time in Mecca Avoid haram, do as much good as possible Watch out for TV Watch out for cell phone, especially during tawaf Perform as much tawaf as possible Better than nafl salah Even just looking at Kabah is form of worship Visit graveyard of Mecca and other sacred places Rest up for hajj Watch out for too many umrahs 115

116 Sermon of the 7th Imam gives sermon on the 7 th of Dhul Hajj after zuhr Describes the commands of hajj Should sit and listen attentively, even if don t understand Arabic language 116

117 The Five Days of Hajj 117

118 Day One 8 Dhul Hijjah 118

119 Heading to Mina 5 prayers (dhuhr to fajr of 9 th ) at mina mustahabb Located about 3 miles east of makkah Sunnah to leave after sunrise, if leave later okay Group leader may take you earlier, although this is not in accordance with the sunnah 119

120 Heading to Mina Must be in a state of ihram before heading to mina Ihram can be re-entered anytime before leaving for Mina (e.g. the night before) Ideally ihram should be re-entered by offering two rakah and making niyyah at Masjidul Haram If not possible, ihram can be entered in one s room No need to go outside of miqat for re-entering ihram of Hajj 120

121 Heading to Mina Carry only necessary items such as sleeping bag, extra pair of clothes, towel, medications, etc Recite talbiyah while traveling 121

122 Arrival in Mina Buses usually arrive before Dhuhr Be patient, focus on Allah 122

123 Tent Assignment Men and women will be shown respective tents Take limited space and be happy with what you are allotted 123

124 Staying in Mina Mustahabb to prayer 5 prayers (Zuhr, Asr, Maghib, Isha, and Fajr) at Mina Prayers not combined but shortened Pray sunnah and nawafil prayers Beginning on the Fajr of 9 th of Dhul Hijjah (i.e., last prayer in Mina) begin to recite takbirat of tashriq after each Fard salah 124

125 Mina (Additional Points) Sunnah to spend the night at Mina Don t try to cut corners Don t waste time running around Although no prescribed acts, attempt to use every moment for some type of dhikr or resting Getting the car in gear for Arafat 125

126 126

127 Day Two 9 th Dhul Hijjah 127

128 Departure Leave for Arafat after sunrise Leaving before sunrise is against the sunnah Tent assigned upon arrival 128

129 Wuquf in Arafah Key Pillar of Hajj Prophet (saw) said, Hajj is arafat. Must spend at least one moment of time between zawal on 9 th and dawn of the 10 th at arafat for Hajj to have occurred Wajib to remain at Arafat until sunset If not owe dam 129

130 Understanding Wuquf of Arafah Arafah Literally, derived from recognizing Contains Jabal Rahmah, place where Adam (as) re-met Hawa (as) Large valley where an individual will hopefully re-connect with his Lord Wuquf Literally to stop or stand still Here will physically stand still; hopefully heart and spirit will follow 130

131 Wuquf - Preparation Make talbiyah while traveling Take care of personal needs before zawal Especially food and drink, use washroom, etc Goal is to free oneself to focus on Allah from Zuhr to sunset Make wudu or ghusl right before zuhr 131

132 Wuquf - Ideal Begin at Zawal at masjid Namrah Imam takes pulpit Azan called Two khutbahs Iqamah and Zuhr Iqamah and asr No sunnahs for either prayer offered Head toward jabal rahmah for wuquf Bidah to climb it Black stones mark the location of the wuquf of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 132

133 Wuquf - Reality Too difficult to get to jabal rahmah Perform ghusl (ideal) or wudu at zawal Pray Zuhr at its time Engage in ibadah after zuhr Perfrom Asr at its time Engage in ibadah after asr until sunset 133

134 Combining Zuhr and Asr Only to be done if praying in masjid Namrah If prayed in tents, each prayer will be offered at its time No Jumuah in Arafat. Pray zuhr even on Friday 134

135 Wuquf - Ibadah No set routine Engage in dua, dhikr, salawat Again, make a plan Mustahabbs Standing Sitting or lying permissible, but lying makruh With hands raised as in dua Facing Qibla Intersperse talbiyah often True Wuquf is absolute focus on Allah 135

136 Arafah Fudhail bin Ayaad (rah) once said on the plain of Arafat, Should this huge assembly of people come begging for a cent at the door of the most generous person, do you ever forsee that he shall send them back disappointed? People responded, No we cannot see him refusing them. Fudail (rah) said, I swear by Allah that for Allah to forgive them all is much easier than for the generous person to grant them a cent

137 To Muzdalifah After sunset head toward Muzdalifa without praying maghrib Make dhikr and talbiyah while traveling 137

138 Prayers at Muzdalifah At Muzdalifa wait for the time of isha to begin and then perform prayers in the following sequence Call one azan and one iqamah Fard of Maghrib Fard of Isha (no additional iqmah) Sunnah of Maghrib Sunnah of Isha and witr This is done even if praying along If delayed by traffic and cannot reach muzdalifa by dawn then pray the above sequence where ever one is before dawn

139 Night at Muzdalifah Collect pea sized pebbles for pelting of jamarat; 49 if leaving after pelting on the 12 th Zul Hijjah, 70 if also pelting on the 13 th Should be pure, wash to make sure Can be collected from other areas, but should not be collect from the location of the jamarat itself Spend as much of the remainder of the night in worship as possible or rest 139

140 The night at Muzdalifa Remain in Muzdalifah (sunnah mu akkadah) until dawn (though wuquf is wajib) Permissible for women to omit wuquf of Muzdalifa due to crowds, Omission also permissible for the sick and disabled Pray fajr at the beginning of its time in Muzdalifah Time is same as Mecca. Beware of praying early

141 Day Three 10 Dhul Hijjah 141

142 Wuquf of Muzdalifah Time should be spent standing facing qiblah making dhikr and reciting talbiyah Wuquf is Wajib Occur between dawn and sunrise. A moment spent in muzdalifah during this window absolves obligation If missed then dam Women and sick miss this without penalty Best to stay until right before sunrise (although control limited)

143 Back To Mina Just before sunrise leave for Mina making dhikr and talbiyah After reaching Mina 4 majors responsibilities Pelting the large shaytan (wajib) Sacrifice of animal (wajib) Halaq or qasr (wajib) Tawaf al-ziyarrat (fard) 1,2,3 must be preformed in order; 4 can be interspersed anywhere in the sequence 143

144 Heading Toward Jamarat Jamarat is place where pebbles are thrown at pillars (walls) 144

145 Jamarat 145

146 Jamarat Historically 3 pillars mark areas where shaytan was pelted by Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) Hazrat Ibrahim commanded to sacrifice son Ismail (AS), who agreed to be sacrificed They headed toward Mina and on the way shaytan appeared to dissuade Hazrat Ibrahim Each spot where the shaytan arose Hazrat Ibrahim casted 7 pebbles and shaytan sank into the earth Pillars mark these spots 146

147 Pelting of the 10th 7 seven pebbles are tossed at the large shaytan Bidah to pelt the other shaytans Must be completed between dawn on the 10th day to dawn of the 11th Dawn to sunrise: makruh Sunrise to zawal: sunnah Zawal to sunset: mubah Sunset to dawn: makruh For women, sick, and disabled, no time is makruh 147

148 Pelting Standing facing the wall representing large shaytan Last wall in the sequence Throw seven pebbles, one at a time, holding each between index finger and thumb of right hand Ideally hand should be raised above head so that armpit would be visible Recite bismillahi allahu akbar with each throw 148

149 Pelting After throwing first pebble talbiyah of Hajj officially ends Pebbles must land on the wall or within the area of the pillar surrounded by the wall Pebbles must be independent Four of the seven must be done properly for Rami to count, otherwise dam If <7 then penalty, but not dam Dua is not to be made after pelting the large shaytan 149

150 Rami (Points) Any individual who can get to the jamarat safely must pelt for himself If cannot get to the jamarat (e.g. can t walk and no transport) or if extreme illness exists, may assign a proxy Crowding is not an excuse for proxy 150

151 151

152 Animal Sacrifice After rami, sacrifice an animal Called dam shukr wajib with hajj qiran and tamattu mustahabb for those performing ifrad This sacrifice is distinct from qurbani of eid adha, which is wajib annually on Sane, adult, sahib tartib, who is not a traveller 152

153 Animal Sacrifice Selected animal must meet legal requirements (not an issue today) Goat/sheep covers 1 person Cow/camel covers 7 people Most virtue lies in slaughter by one s hand If not possible then still mustahabb to watch. Mustahabb to divide into 1/3 for sadaqah, 1/3 friends, 1/3 self Mustahabb to eat from meat. Nowadays meat frozen and sent to countries in need

154 Animal Sacrifice Animal can be sacrificed anytime after rami until sunset of 12 th. Hair cannot be cut until after sacrifice Must confirm sacrifice If cannot afford animal then must fast three days before the day of Arafat 9 th and 7 after returning home Consult scholars for more details 154

155 Qasr/Halaq Hair can be removed in one of two ways Shaving (men only): best Trimming: women and men Trimming requires removal of 1 inch of hair over at least ¼ of head. Over entire head is mustahabb If less than 1 inch is present then head must be shaved. Women will divide hair into three part and trim 1 inch from each part 155

156 Qasr/Halaq Hair is cut while facing the qiblah and should begin from right side If rites of hajj have been competed, individual can trim/shave his own head, or the heads of others Removal of hair frees a person from all restrictions of ihram except romance/marital relations He may now change into regular clothing, cover head, apply scent, etc 156

157 Tawaf Ziyarah Return to Mecca to perform tawaf (fard) Timing is from dawn on 10th to sunset of 12th Delay past this results in dam Menstructing woman must delay, no dam 157

158 Tawaf Ziyarah Can be preformed before, after, or in between rami, nahr, and halq/qasr. But sunnah is to perform it after halq (i.e. as the last act). If performed earlier will not change the state of ihram. Complete ihram will then be uplifted after rami, nahr, and halq/qasr

159 Tawaf Ziyarah Tawaf followed by sa ee Done as described previously in umrah lecture Include ramal and idtibaa (if still in ihram) Will be followed by sa ee 159

160 After tawaf ziyarah Offer two rakah at or near maqam ibrahim Make dua at multazam Go to well of zamzam to drink Make istilam Perform saee Return to Mina Sunnah to spend the night in mina Spending the night elsewhere is makruh 160

161 Day Four 11 Dhul Hijjah 161

162 Day Four (11th Zul Hijjah) One prescribed act: wajib to do rami of all the jamarat If missed then dam and redemption (if possible, e.g. 12th redeems 11th, 13 redeems 12th) Seven pebbles will be thrown at each Sunnah to first to do small, middle, large in order Time begins at beginning of dhuhr on 11th and ends at dawn on the 12th Beginning of dhuhr to sunset (sunnah) Sunset to dawn (makruh) 162

163 Method Start with small jamarat by throwing in the sunnah manner When done move to side, face qiblah, and make dua with hands raised. Should be done for the duration of recitation of 20 ayat. Then proceed to middle shaytan and do the same Then proceed to large shaytan but do not follow with dua Return to camp at mina 163

164 Day Five (12 th Dhul Hijjah) One prescribed act: wajib to do rami of all the jamarat Similar rulings apply as day four After pelting you have two choices (1) complete hajj at this point by going back to Mecca (2) Stay at Mina for the 13 th to do one more set of jamarat Ideally if plan on leaving should do so by sunset, and if do not leave mina before dawn the next day (i.e 13 th ) then pelting all three shaytans again on the 13 th becomes wajib 164

165 Day Six (13 th ) Only prescribed is Rami Great merit, although not wajib unless you stay in mina for this day Timings for rami on this day are as follows Dawn to beginning of dhuhr (makruh) Beginning of dhuhr to sunset (sunnah) With this act days of hajj are complete 165

166 Return to Mecca Spend time usefully. Such opportunities rarely exist Nafl tawaf better than nafl salah Make sure to catch all prayers in jamat Additional umrahs okay after 13 th Go to masjid Aisha to enter into state of Ihram 166

167 Tawaf Wida This is wajib (for all types of hajj) Performed anytime after tawaf ziyarah (even right after) Missing this tawaf mandates dam This obligation is waived from menstruating women No ramal and no sa ee after it Ideally it should be performed a few hours before departing from Mecca Even after tawaf wida is performed an individual can still enter the masid, pray, and even perform additional tawaf

168 Jinayat 168

169 Basics Literally omission or mistake Legally mistake of violating restrictions of ihram or Haram Apply to both Hajj and umrah 169

170 Conditions Made up through penalty Not immediately, but during lifetime Remember to backup with will Only applies to adults, not kids Apply whether done intentional or unintentional 170

171 Compensation Most severe: dam of whole cow/camel Tawaf ziyarah in state of major ritual impurity (sexual, hayd, or nifas) Intercourse after wuquf at arafat, but before shaving head Severe: dam Sacrifice of goat, sheep, lamb 1/7 of cow or camel Less severe: sadaqah ½ sa of wheat, one sa of barley 171

172 Essence of Jinayat Requires Understanding of rules Concern for breaking them Acceptance of breaking them Desire to make amends Taufiq to patch the error THP: Important lesson for life b/c humans weak and prone to mistakes 172

173 Jinayat of Ihram 173

174 General Principles (Ihram) Jinayah committed without reason completely requires dam Partially requires sadaqah Jinayah committed for a reason (cold, heat, illness, lice) Completely requires dam, fast, or sadaqah as you choose Incompletely requires fast or sadaqah as you choose Jinayah of Qarin double before performing umrah 174

175 Using Fragrance Application of any pleasant fragrance to the body or clothes such that fragrance emanates from them Must be fragrance, not just smell Applies to men and women Includes Perfumes, etc Shampoo Soap Medicine Oil/lotion Scented foods 175

176 Using Fragrance Dum wajib if covers entire organ (head, thigh, hand, etc) Sadaqah if covers part of organ such as finger 176

177 Stitched Garments Males cannot wear anything stitched in the shape of the body or that is by custom considered stitched Also includes are socks and shoes that cover the central bone of the foot If worn then Dum for full day or full night Sadaqah if less 177

178 Covering Head or Face Men must keep head and face uncovered Women must keep cloth off face Penalty Full day or night: dam Less: sadaqah 178

179 Removing Hair Dam if remove hair from ¼ of head Includes shaving Sadaqah if less, even plucking of one hair If natually fall off then nothing If plucked while making wudu (e.g. beard) then if more than three hairs then sadaqah 179

180 Clipping nails One hand = dam Less = sadaqah DON T bite nails Removal of broken nail = nothing 180

181 Sexual Relations Any type of romance is prohibited Any physical contact beginning with sensual kiss and up to just before intercourse = dam Ejacuation include without insertion Intercourse is major violation before wuquf at arafat = Hajj nullified (fulfill rights to remove ihram), dam wajib After wuquf but before shaving head or taqaf ziyarah then badanah is wajib (hajj intact) After shaving but before tawaf ziyarah or vice verse then dam (hajj intact) 181

182 Sexual Relations Wet dream = no penalty Glance with lust = no penalty 182

183 Hunting Land Animal Impermissible for a muhrim to hunt land animal or to guide another person to such an animal Defined by where animal is born, whether lawful or unlawful Sea animal not included Domesticated animal is okay to kill and eat 183

184 Jaza If done then jaza is wajib Based on value assigned by two just individuals Hunter then has option purchase hadi (sacrifical animal) and slaughter it within limits of haram Meat goes to the poor buy wheat and give to every person the equal of fitrah fast the number of fitrahs 184

185 Jinayat of Haram 185

186 2 Jinayat of Haram To entrap, hunt, or cause hardship to any animal To chop a tree or cut grass 186

187 General Principles (Haram) Jaza is at option of doer Sacrifice animal of its value Give value in sadaqah Observe fast 187

188 Hajj Qiran Special Case 188

189 Introduction 3 types of Hajj Tamattu Qiran Literally means to combine Refers to combining Hajj and Umrah in one ihram Ifrad 189

190 Method Make intention for both Hajj and Umrah when placing ihram Perform umrah Tawaf Salah Zamzam Multazam and istilam Sa ee, but DON T shave head 190

191 Method Sometime after sa ee of umrah must offer tawaf of qudum Can be immediately after, must be before departure for Arafat Tawaf ideally should be followed with sa ee Otherwise sa ee can be delayed to after tawaf ziyarah 191

192 Method Follow the rites of Hajj Head to mina on 8 th Arafat then muzdalifah on 9 th Mina on 10 th Rami Nahr Halq Tawaf ziyarah 192

193 Hajj Badl Special Case 193

194 Basics To assign s.one else to perform hajj on your behalf Required if Conditions of hajj met but cannot go Conditions of hajj met but did not go Sinful but still owe hajj Should be covered with will 194

195 Blockers to individual performance Sickness Some ulama say that hajj is not wajib on such an individual Imprisonment Lack of safety of route Lack of a mehram for women Group not an exception Iddah All of the above require hajj badl when alive or through a will 195

196 Method Appoint someone else to go Individual should have already gone for his own Hajj Provide expenses for the trip But don t pay the person for going Deputee must make niyyah for the person he is representing 196

197 Additional Rulings Consult Scholars 197

198 Sites of Mecca 198

199 House of Hadrat Khadijah Place where Hazrat Fatima (rad) was born Prophet (saw) stayed here until Hijrah 199

200 Birthplace of Prophet (saw) Library at the base of Jabal Abu Qubays Most sacred mountain in Mecca First mountain to surface on the face of the earth Entrusted with the black stone during flood of Nuh Prophet (saw) split the moon while standing on this mountain (Masjid Hilal/Bilal) 200

201 House of Hazrat Abu Bakr (rad) Now replaced by Mosque called Masjid Abu Bakr Prophet (saw) used to visit house twice daily 201

202 Dar Arqam Place where Hazrat Umar converted to Islam Later replaced by Masjid Now part of Safa and Marwah 202

203 Jannah al-ma la Superior to every graveyard except Medina Mustahabb to visit it Should go with proper etiquettes 203

204 Jabl Thour 3 miles from Mecca Prophet (saw) and Abu Bakr stayed for 1 night on the way to Medina Spider spun a web on the outside 204

205 Cave of Hira Located on Jabal al Noor Slightly more than a mile from Mecca Where Prophet (saw) spent time in seclusion and where he received 1 st revelation 205

206 Ziyarah of Prophet (saw) 206

207 Definition To visit the grave of the Prophet (saw) This is Act of worship Means of spiritual elevation Chance to connect with the Prophet (saw) directly and hopefully gain his intercession 207

208 Definition With a fard hajj it is suggested to make ziyarah after the Hajj, otherwise (i.e. umrah or nafl Hajj) it can be before or after Whoever performs his Hajj in Mecca then comes to Medina with the sole aim of visiting me, for him shall be written two accepted Hajj (Daylami) 208

209 Virtues Whoever visits me after my death is like he who had visited me during my life (Tabarani) Whoever visits me and has no other motive has right over me that I intercede on his behalf (Tabarani) Whoever undertakes a journey specifically to visit me will be my neighbor on the Day of Judgment (Bayhaqi) 209

210 Warnings Verily he who performed Hajj and refrained from visiting me has rendered me an injustice (Ibn Adee) 210

211 Heading toward Medina Read biography before going Connect yourself to the sunnah before going Make niyyah Visit sacred grave Most exhalted being Pray in masjid of Prophet (saw) Land next to grave is most exhalted land Recite abundant salawat on the way 211

212 Entering Medina Enter border of city with following dua Allhuma haza haramu nabiyyika, faj al-hu li wiqayatan min an-nar wa amanan min al-azab wa su il hisab Find lodging Perform ghusl (or wudu), place on your best Islamic clothing and ithar (men only) Proceed to masjid with great humility reciting salawat 212

213 Entering Masjid Try to enter from bab jibril Other doors okay Recite dua Bismillahi was salatu was salam ala rasullilah, allahu maftah li abwaba rahmatika Make niyyah of itikaf Go to Rawdhah Called so because Prophet (saw) said, Between my grave and my mimbar lies one of the gardens of paradise 213

214 Map of Masjid 214

215 215

216 At Rawdah Before entering make key dua Offer two rakah to greet masjid 1 st = qul yaa ayyuhal kafiroon 2 nd = qul huwallahu ahad Offer salah or sajdah of shukr Incredible that Allah permits us to visit such blessed land 216

217 At Rawdah (Practical points) If makruh or haram times then no salah Make dhikr instead If fard in progress then head toward fard Women should perform this in their area If can t enter rawdah then perform in other areas No need to push or force, especially for women Sanctity and dignity of place calls for following sunnah 217

218 At Rawdah (Practical points) Salah should not be offered towards the grave with the intention of worship towards the grave 218

219 At the Grave Note three enclosures each with round holes Prophet (saw) and Companions are all in middle enclosure Three holes First and largest in line with face of Prophet (saw) 2 nd in line with face of Abu Bakr 3 rd in line with face of Hazrat Umar 219

220 'Umar (R.A.) Abu-Bakr (R.A.) The Prophet (S.A.W.) The Prophet (S.A.W.) Abu-Bakr (R.A.) Umar (R.A.) The Holy Prophet s (S.A.W.) tomb 220

221 Grave (Etiquettes) Stand away from grave, facing it with back toward qiblah DO NOT touch wire mesh, bow down or kiss the grave Do not raise hands at anytime during this encounter Recognize that you are standing before Prophet (saw) and that he is before you 221

222 Facing Prophet (saw) In this state recite Assalatu waws salamu alyaka ya rasullallah Assalatu waws salamu alyaka ya nabiyallah Assalatu waws salamu alyaka habiballah Assalatu waws salamu alyaka ya khatamal ambiyaa Assalamu alayka ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu Ash hadu allaa ilaha illa laahu wa an-naka abduhu wa rasulahu 222

223 Facing Prophet (saw) If not able to remember then recite Assalamu alayka ya rasulallah 223

224 Special Opportunity (4:64) 224

225 Special Opportunity O messenger I come to you seeking forgiveness from Allah for my sins and seeking your intercession on my behalf, and O Allah I ask you to grant me forgiveness in a similar manner as you had granted to those who came to Prophet (saw) during his lifetime 225

226 Facing Prophet (saw) Then make dua O Messenger of Allah I ask you for intercession and O Allah, I request through the wasilah (medium) of your messenger, that I die as a Muslim 226

227 Facing Prophet (saw) Finally convey the salams of those who asked you Assalamu alayka ya rasulallah from A..B..C or From all those who requested that I send you salam they all request you to intercede on their behalf Remember that the entire sequence can be done in your own language 227

228 Facing Hazrat Abu Bakr (rad) Move to second hole Make salam Assalamu alayka yaa khalifata rasulillah. Jazakallahu an ummati muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasallam 228

229 Facing Hazrat Umar (rad) Move to third hole Make salam Assalamu alayka yaa ameeral mu mineen. Jazakallahu an ummati muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasallam 229

230 Turning toward Qiblah Turn towards qiblah and make silent dua 230

231 Ziyarah (practical point) Dua made to Allah only Various salams can be recited Salam can be recited in your own language Do not raise hands towards grave at anytime Do not harm another Muslim, if crowded then return at another time 231

232 The Eight Pillars 232

233 Background 8 pillars located in the original Masjid of the Prophet (saw) Each has particular significance These should be visited Dua and nafl should be made at each According to Imam Bukhari (rah) Sahabah used to offer prayers at the pillars 233

234 Ustuwaanah Mukhallaq AKA Hannaanah (weeping) pillar Place of salah of Prophet (saw) Date palm used to grow here Prophet (saw) used to lean against it while delivering the khutabah When mimbar made, Prophet (saw) changed place 234

235 Ustuwaanah Mukhallaq Tree began weeping so loud that whole masjid filled with sound and companions started weeping Prophet (saw) placed hand on it and crying stopped Ps then said, The tree cries because the dhikr of Allah was near it, and now that the mimbar has been built it has been deprived of this dhikr in its immediate vicinity. If I did not place my hand on it, it would have cried thus until the day of Qiymah 235

236 Ustuwaanah Mukhallaq Afterward the tree dried up and was buried. In another hadith when Rasullah went to mimbar for 1 st time, tree cried so loudly that it almost split open. Prophet (saw) descended from the mimbar and put his hand on the tree. The crying then subsided gradually just as a child s cry subsided when it is being consoled after crying severely

237 Pillar of Hannanah 237