FROM RITUAL TO SPIRITUAL

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1 FROM RITUAL TO SPIRITUAL The Fiqh and Philosophy of Fasting Part 1 of 2 ISIA of Edmonton June 26, 2016

2 ذ ذ ذ FASTING IN THE QUR AN ا ل ين م ن ا ك ت ب ل ع م ك م الص ي ام ك ل ي وا ك ت ب ع ن ا ا ل ين آم ه ي ي ا أ ا ل ين ي ل ع خ ر و ي ذ ام أ ر ف ع ذ دة م ن أ سف م ن ك م م ر يضا أ و ل ع ل ع ذ لك م ل ك م ب ق ام م س ك ي ة ط ع ي ه ف د ون ط يق ذ تق ون ت. ن ي ذ ام ا م ع د ود ات ف م ن ك أ و أ ن ي ل وع خ ي ا ف ه و خ م ن ت ط ذ ف ت ص وم وا خ ي ل ك م إ ن ك ن ت م ت ع ل م ون O you who have faith! Prescribed for you is fasting as it was prescribed for those who were before you, so that you may become conscious of God. For a certain number of days; but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; and those who are not able to do it may effect a redemption by feeding a poor person; so whoever does good spontaneously it is better for him; and that you fast is better for you if you know. ( 2: )

3 WHAT IS FASTING - RULE #1529 one must begin abstaining [from 8 things] from a short period before the time of subh prayers and must also refrain from doing anything that invalidates the fast for a short period after maghrib [in obedience to the commands of Allah and seeking His pleasure].

4 THE INTENTION (NIYYAH) A person can make the intention every night of the Month of Ramadhan that he would be fasting on the following day, however it is better to make the intention on the first night of Ramadhan that he would fast throughout that month.

5 EIGHT FAST-BREAKERS Eating and Drinking Staying in state of Janabat, Haidh or Nifas until Fajr Time Having a Enema With Liquids Sexual Intercourse Swallowing Thick Dust Vomiting Masturbation to the Point of Ejaculation Falsely Ascribing Things to Allah, Prophet or Successors, Fatima Zahra or ANY Prophet or Successor

6 THE RELIGIOUS PENALTIES QADHAA CARRYING OUT THE FAST TO FULFILL THE OBLIGATION When a person intentionally or intentionally misses a fast of the Month of Ramadhan. FIDYA FINANCIAL OR MATERIAL COMPENSATION When a person is not able to perform the fast of the Month of Ramadhan due to legitimate reasons. KAFFAARAH SELF-INDUCED RELIGIOUS PENALTY When a person intentionally invalidates a fast of the Month of Ramadhan through permissible or impermissible means.

7 PENALTY FOR INTENTIONAL BREAKING THE FAST BY PERMISSIBLE MEANS In certain circumstances, give a Kaffaarah (penalty) for acts done intentionally AND make up the fast: 1.Eating; 2.Drinking; 3.Sexual Intercourse; 4.Masturbation; 5.Staying in the state of Janabah until the time for the Adhan of Fajr. Penalty (Kaffaarah): 1. Free a Slave; OR 2. Fasting for two months (31 days straight and then staggered);or 3. Feeding 60 poor people to their fill or give ¾ Kg of food-stuff to each of them. (45 Kg PER FAST or for rice it totals ~$ per fast or $5, for 30 DAYS of Ramadhan)

8 PENALTY FOR INTENTIONAL BREAKING OF THE FAST BY IMPERMISSIBLE MEANS If a person commits any of the below using HARAM means OR by means of something which is NORMALLY PERMISSIBLE but is dangerous to his overall health, then one must PERFORM ALL THREE penalties: 1.Eating something haraam (impermissible food); 2.Drinking (alcohol); 3.Sexual Intercourse (adultery or with wife during her monthly cycle); 4.Attributes a false statement to Allah or the Prophet. Penalty (Kaffaarah): 1. Free a Slave; AND 2. Fasting for two months (31 days straight and then staggered);and 3. Feeding 60 poor people to their fill or give ¾ Kg of food-stuff to each of them. (45 Kg PER FAST or for rice it totals ~$ per fast or $5, for 30 DAYS of Ramadhan)

9 THOSE EXEMPT FROM FASTING Senior citizens who can not fast. People who are on medication or have illness and cannot fast. Those who will go through extreme difficulties. People who suffer from sickness of excessive thirst. Women in advanced stages of pregnancy for whom fasting is harmful. Woman who is nursing a child and fasting is harmful to her or child.

10 THE FASTING-EXEMPT Compensation (Fidya) for not being able to fast Elderly, sick, pregnant women, women who are feeding, etc and cannot fast in Ramadhan have up until the next Ramadhan to make the fast up. 1.Need to make up the fast before the next Month of Ramadhan; For those who cannot fast, need to give Fidya which is ¾ kg of food to needy Shia - ~$2.88 PER FAST (OR ~$90.00 for the ENTIRE MONTH). If sick person becomes capable of fasting later, he should, on the basis of recommended precaution, perform the qadha. Pregnant women, nursing women, etc MUST pay the Fidya and then fast when they are able to. It is not sufficient to give the value of Fidya. Rather, the FOOD must be given.

11 OVERVIEW OF THE RULINGS REASON for not FASTING Qadhaa Fidya Kaffaarah Elderly Person Temporary Illness (Fever, etc ) Within One Year If after one year Long-Term Illness (Diabetes, etc ) Pregnancy Nursing a Child Travelling beyond your city limits from the outer most boundary of the city (44 KM one way or 22 KM both ways) Leaving before Zuhr from home Leaving after Zuhr from home Fast as Normal N/A N/A Staying at destination for less than 10 days Staying at destination for more than 10 days Fast as Normal N/A N/A Frequent traveler Fast as Normal N/A N/A Negligence

12 EDMONTON CITY LIMITS Travelling outside of these boundaries either 44 KM one way or 22 KM both ways from the boundary TO the destination means that you are a traveler according to Islamic rulings and that you must observe specific rulings for fasting and praying.

13

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