BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES

Transcription

1 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES Abd al-raziq, Ali. "The Unity of Religion and Arabs." at-islam wa-usul al-hukm (Islam and the Principle of Government). Cairo: Matba'at Misr, Translations in text by Kamran Talattof. Abduh, Muhammad "Quranic Exegesis" (fafsir al-quran al-hakim). al-manar, vol. 8, no. 24, pp , February 10, Translations in text by Kamran Talattof. --. "The True Reform and its Necessity for Al-Azhar" (al-islah al- Hakiqiqi wa al Wajib lil al-azhar). al-manar, vol. 10, no. 2 8, pp Translations in text by Kamran Talattof. Abrahamian, EIVand Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley: University of California. Adamiyat, Fereydoun Idi'olozhi-ye Nahzat-i Mashrutiyat-i Iran (fhe Ideology of the Constitutional Movement in Iran). Tehran, Iran: Payam Publications. Adams, Charles C Islam and Modernism In Egypt: A Study of the Modern Reform Movement Inaugurated by Muhammad 'abduh. New York: Russell and Russell "The Ideology of Maw lana Maududi." In South Asian Politics and Religion. Donald Eugene Smith, ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Afghani, SayyidJamal al-din. Excerpt from Nikki R. Keddie, ed An Islamic Response to Imperialism: Political and Religious Writings of Sayyid Jamal a/-din at-afghani. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp Ahmad, Aziz and G. Grunebaum Muslim Self-statement in India and Pakistan Wiesbaden: 0. Harrassowitz. Ahmad, Aziz Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan: London: Oxford University Press. Aligarh Institute Gazette. "The Present Economical Condition of the Musalmans of Bengal." InAiigarh Institute Gazette, vol. 12, nos. 73, 74, 75, 77, and 79. Al-i Ahmad, J alai Mudir-i Madrisih. Tehran: Amir Kabir Khasi dar Miqat. Tehran: lntisharat-i Ravaq Karnamah-i Sib Salih. Tehran: lntisharat-i Ravaq Plagued by the West, translated by Paul Sprachman. New York: Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University Plagued by the West (Gharbzadegz). Modern Persian Literature Series No.4. Translated from the Persian by Paul Sprachrnan. Delmar, NY: Caravan Books. Ali, Moulavi Sayyid Amir [Maulavi Sayed Ameer Ali) "The Apostolical Succession." In The Spin't of Islam: A History of the Evolution and Ideals of Islam with a Life of the Prophet. London: Christophers "The Rationalistic and Philosophical Spirit oflslam." In The Spirit of!slam: A History of the Evolution and Ideals of Islam with a Life of the Prophet. London: Christophers. ai-manar. Various issues.

2 374 BlBLIOGRAPHY al-urwa al-wuthqa. Various Issues. Amin, Qasim [1899]. Introduction: "The Status of Women in Society: A Reflection of the Nation's Moral Standards." In The Liberatirm of Women, translated by Samiha Sidhom Peterson. Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. Baljon,]. M. S.,Jr. D. D The Reforms and Religious Ideas of Sir SayyidAhmad Khan. Lahore, Pakistan: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf. Baron, Beth The Women's Awakening in Egypt. New Haven: Yale University Press. Binder, Leonard Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Browne, Edward G The Persian Revolutirm of New York: Barnes and Noble. Chiragh [Cheragh] Ali, Moulavi The Proposed Political, Legal, and Social Reforms in the Ottoman Empire and Other Muhammad4n [Mohammad4n} States. Bombay: Education Society Press "The Popular Jihad or Crusade; According to the Muhammad4n [Mohammadan] Common Law." In A Critical Exposition of the Popular ''Jihad." Karachi, Pakistan: Karimsons, pp Cromer, Evelyn Baring Modern Egypt, vol. II. New York: Macmillan. Dabashi, Hamid Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Found4tions of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York: New York University Press. Dar, Bashir Alunad Religious Thought of Sayyid Ahmad Khan. Lahore, India: Institute of Islamic Culture. Davari, Riza Difa' az Falsafah. Tehran: Daftar-i Pizhuhish-ha va Bamamah'rizi-i Farhangi. Enayat, Hamid Modern Islamic Political Thought. London: Macmillan. Enayat, Hamid [lnayat, Hamid] Sayri da Andishah-'i Siyasi-i Arab Az Hamlah-'i Napuli'un bih Misr tajang-ijahani-i Duvum. Tehran: Amir Kabir. Esposito, John Voices of Resurgent Islam. New York: Oxford University Press The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? New York: Oxford University Press. Farhan, Ishaq A "Interview with Ishaq A. Farhan, the Leader oflslamic Action Front Party." (Hizb Jibhih al-amal al-islami). By Mansoor Moaddel in Amman, Jordan, spring. FIS "Encart Central: Front Islamic du Salut: Le Programme." La Tribune, no. 11, July 25. Translated by Nicky Peters. Hairi, Hadi Shi'ism and Constitutirmalism in Iran. Lei den, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. Hali, Altaf Husain [1901]. Hayat-i-Javed. Delhi, India: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. Translated by K H. Qadiri and David]. Matthews. Harrison, Christina Nationalism and Revolution in Egypt: The Role of the Muslim Brotherhood. Hague: Mouton. Hourani, Albert Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age ( ). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hussain, Muhammad Hadi Syed Ahmed Khan: Pioneer of Muslim Resurgence. Lahore: Institute oflslamic Culture. Keddie, Nikki R "The Roots of Ulama Power in Modem Iran." In Scholars, Saints and Sufis. Nikki R. Keddie, ed. Los Angeles: University of California Press, Kepel, Gilles Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh. Berkeley: University of California Press. Kirmani, Nazim ul-islam. 1945/1324. Tarikhi Bid4ri-ye Iranian (The History of the Awakening of Iranian). Tehran, Iran: Ibn Sina Publications.

3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 375 Khan, Sayyid Ahmad Selected essays by Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan from the journal Tahzib ai-akhlaq. Translation in this text by Kamran Talattof, et al. Khomeini, Ruhullah [Khumeini, Imam Ruhullah] "The Nature of the Islamic State and the Qualifications of the Head of State." In Khumeini[Khomeini] Speaks Revolution. Compiled by Mohiuddin Ayyubi. Translated by N. M. Shaikh. Karachi, Pakistan: International Islamic Publishers "The Necessity for Islamic Government." In Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini, translated and annotated by Hamid Algar. Berkeley: Mizan Press Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini, translated and annotated by Hamid Algar. Berkeley: Mizan Press. Khuri, Raif ed. "Selection ill: Rifa'a Rafi' al-tahtawi, ( )." In Modern Arab Thought: Channels from the French Revolution to the Arab East. Princeton: Kingston Press. Malik, Hafeez Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Muslim Modernization in India and Pakistan. New York: Columbia University Press. Maududi, Sayyed Abul Ala [Maudoodi, Syed Abu! Ala], "Fallacy of Rationalism I and II." In West Versus Islam. Translated by S. Waqar Ahmad Gardezi and Abdul Waheed Khan. New Delhi, India: International Islamic Publishers A Short History of the Revivalist Movement in Islam. Lahore, Pakistan: Islamic Publications "Suicide of Western Civilization." In West versus Islam. Waqar Ahmad Gardezi and Abdul Waheed Khan. New Delhi, India: International Islamic Publishers. Mitchell, Timothy Colonising Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Moaddel, Mansoor Class, Politics, and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press "Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism." In Journal of the Scientific Stndy of Religion, vol. 37, no. 1, l08-l030. Moin, Baqer Khomeini: Sign ofgod. London: Tauris. Muslim Brotherhood "Why does the Muslim Brotherhood Boycott the 1997 Parliamentary Elections?: A Statement to the People" (pamphlet). Muslim Brotherhood Headquarters, Amman, Jordan. 13 July. Mutahhari, Murtaza Fundamentals of Islamic Thought: God, Man, and the Universe. Berkeley: Mizan Press On the Islamic Hijab. Translated by Laleh Bakhtiar. Tehran: Islamic Propagation Organization. Nu'mani, Allama Shibli. Sirat un-nabi. vol. I. Translated by M. Tayyib Bakhsh Budayuni. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, reprint 1983 [orig. 1979], pp Na'ini, Mirza Muhammad Hussein Tanbih al-umma wa Tanzih al-millah (The Admonition of the Umma and the Enlightenment of the Nation). Baghdad. Qutb, Sayyid Shaheed [Sayyid Qutb Shaheed] "Islam and Culture." In Milestones, 2nd ed. Translated by S. Badrul Hasan, M.A. Karachi, Pakistan: International Islamic Publishers Ltd "Jihad in the Cause of Allah." In Milestones, 2nd ed. Translated by S. Badrul Hasan, M.A. Karachi, Pakistan: International Islamic Publishers Ltd Ma'a/im ft. a/-tariq. Cairo: Maktabat Wahbah. Ruedy, John. ed Islam and Secularism in North Africa. New York: St. Martin's Press. Ruhani, Hamid Bar'rasi va Tahlili az Nahzat-i Imam Khumayni. Tehran: Rah-i Imam.

4 376 BIBLIOGRAPHY Shariati, Ali "Modem Calamities." In Marxism and Other Western Fallacies: An Islamic Critique. Translated by R. Campbell. Berkeley: Mizan Press. Shibli Numani [l330hq]. Sirat ai-nabi. Translated by Fazulur Rahman. Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society. Sivan, Enunanuel Radical Islam: Medieval Theo/og;y and Modern Politics. New Haven: Yale University Press. Smith, Charles. Islam and the Search for Social Order in Modern Egypt: A Biography of Muhammad Husayn Haykal. Albany: State University of New York Press, Sultani, 'abd al-latif [Abdel Latif]. "Fadila Mrabet, Kateb Yassine, and the Rocket of Islam." In AI-Mazdaqia hia as/ al-ichtirakia (Masdaqia is the Source of Socialism). Morocco, p. 33. Quoted in Francois Burgat and William Dowell The Islamic Movement in North Africa. Austin, Texas: Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas at Austin, pp "A Moralizing Fundamentalism, Women." In AI-Mazdaqia hia as/ al-ichtirakia (Masdaqia is the Source of Socialism). Morocco. Quoted in Francois Burgat and William Dowell The Islamic Movement in North Africa. Austin, Texas: Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas at Austin Pi sabil a/-'aqidah ai-islamiyah. Qusantinah: Dar al-ba'th. Talattof, Kamran "Iranian Women's Literature: From Pre-revolutionary Social Discourse to Postrevolutionary Feminism." International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 29, no. 4, November The Politics of Writing in Iran: A History of Modern Persian Literature. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. Turner, BryanS Weber and Islam. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Wajdi, Farid. 190 l. AI-Madaniyah wa a/-islam. Egypt: Matba'at Hindiyah, pp Translations in text by Christine Dykgraaf and Kamran Talattof.

5 INDEX Abbas, Abul, Abbasides and Abbaside dynasty, 30, 34, 102, Abbasi dynasty, 13 3 Abduh, ~uhammad,2, 13-5 Abi Shaiba, Yezid bin, 80 absolutism, 3 7 Abu Bakr, 11, 60-1, 63, 100-1, 104, 232, 237 Abu Dawud, 61-2 Adi bin Hatim, 230 Afghani, SayyidJamal al-din al-, 1-2, 6, 13, 46 Ah/ar-rai, 30 Ahmad,Jalal Ali-i, 20 Ahmed, Abul Kasim, 106 Ainee, 77,80 AUsha,55-6,62,66, 176 al-'askari, Hasan, al-azhar, Ali, 39, 63, 99, 101, Ali, Arnir, 2, 6, Ali garb Institute Gazette, 10 Aligarh movement, 7, 10 Ali H alabi, Nooruddeen, 79 Ali, ~umtaz, 2 Ali, Nuraddin, 72, 73 Amar-bin-Dinar, 81 Amin, Qasim, 2, 15 apostolical Imams, 11, 101 Arabs and science, 23-8 Arabs and Islamic thought, 13, Arab unity, 98 Aristotle, 26 Asma al-rijal, Ata, 81, 92n Ath-Thauri, Sof)ran, 82 az-zallaka, battle of, 105 Badr, battle of, 61, 239 bait, Bakhtiyari tribe, 352 al-bakka'i, Ziyad, 59 al-bana, Hasan, 2, 6 Bara'at, , 233 bis-saif, 2 31 Block,~., 137 Boumediene, Houari, 19 British admiralty, al-bukhari, 59-60, 66, 68 Calcutta Islamic modernism, 10 caliphate, 15-6, 100-1,103-4,107,249 Campbell, George, 32 capitalism, 3, 5, 10, 17, 123,315-20,323 Cato, 156n Chiragh Ali, 1, 2, 6, 8-9 Christian religion and science, Christian theology, 12 civil rights, 9 civil rights, French compared with ~uslim, colonization, common code oflslam, see ~uhammadan Common Law Common Law of Islam, see ~uhammadan Common Law communism, 19, Comtean perspective, 14 conceptual pluralism, 6 concubinage,9, 146 conformity, doctrine of, Constant, Benjamin, Constitutional Revolution ( ), 2, 4-6,350-2 contemporary Islam, 3 cultural modernization, 7

6 378 INDEX cultural pluralism, 6 Dabt, 64-5 dar, Dar al-islam, 299 Daral-Ulum, 46,91 D'Arcy, William Knox, Dar ul-islam, Darul-Harb, 91 Dar-ul Khilafat, 105, 108 Dar-us-salaam, 105 decline oflslam, 13 decline ofmusalman society, 133, 134 de Sacy, Silvestre, 11 despotism, al-dimyati, 62 Diraya, 56 Divine code of law, see Divine Law Divine Law, 198, 206, , 244, 270 divine revelation, Divine Will, 35-7 divorce, 146, 151 Due d'harcourt, 15 Durr-ul-Mukhtar, eating, customs and habits, 183, Egypt ideology of the Egyptian state, 7 and Islam, 15 Islamic modernism, 11 and religious reform, empirical sciences of Europe, Islamic origins, 202 empiricism, 216 European scientists, , 140, 142 al-fadl, Abu, 60 Farhan, Ishaq A., interview background, 16 Islam and Western civilization, Islamic Action Front, 313 Islamic jurisprudence, 310 jihad, 312 Muslim Brothers, religion and politics, 311 Saddam Hussein, 313 usury, 311 women and polygamy, 313 Fatima, 101 Feuerbach, 36 FIS, see Islamic Salvation Front Fiqh,3,8,59,63-5,212 FLN regime, 19 free agency, 35-8 see also free will Freeman, Mr., 83-4 freedom of opinion doctrine of conformity, formulating correct opinions opinion of the multitude, supporting and opposing views, free will, 37-9, 227, 231, 242 see also free agency French Enlightenment, 11, 14 French Revolution, French scientists, 12 fundamentalism, 2, 7 Geyser,Joseph, al-ghani, 'abd, 60 al-ghazali, 18 Greek philosophy, 18,24--6 Greek wives, 156n al-hadi, 27-8, 102 hadith, 12,18,45,56--61,66,100,212,255, 259,274,295 al-hafiz, 'Asakir, 60 al-hakim, 60 Hamlin, Cyrus, 32 Hanafia (Haneefa), 31 Hanafi Code of the Common Law, 91 Haneefa, Aboo, al-hashemi, Mohammed Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdu-Muttalib, 98 Hashimides, 105 Ibn Hazm, a-dhairi, 100 Hedaya, 72-3 historical Islam, 2, 6 historical Judaism, 11 historical roots of Muslim decadence, 2 historical writing, methodology Asma al-rijal, 54-5 external influences on, 66-7 Muslim historians, 53-4 narrators, principles of, Sira literature, critique of authors,

7 INDEX 379 Hughes, T. P., 89 humanism, 320 human knowledge and jahiliyyah, Hunter, Dr., 32 Hussein (King), 4, 309 IAFP, see Islamic Action Front Party 'ibadat, lbliz (al-tami), 43n Ibn Abdeen, 77 lbn-bajja, 27 Ibn Hajar, 62-3, 66, 68 lbni S'aud, 103 Ibn Ishaq, 65 Ibn Khaldun, 104 Ibn Omar ibn-al-khattab, Abu Abd-ur Rahman Abdullah, 81 Ibn Taimiyya, Ibn Tufail ad-dubbi, AbdAllah Ibn Shuburma, 27, 81 lbn-ul-athir, 105 ideological groups, 3 Ihtijaj ut-talrrasi, 3 9 ljtihad, 12, 18, 49 ilah and rabb, Imam Abduh, 41-3 Imam a/-kabir, 103 al-imam Malik, 65 Imamat as-sughra, 103 Imam lbne Qayyim, 234 Imams of the House of Mohammed, 102 Indian Muslims, 2, 8, 10 Indian nationalism, 18 Indian Succession Act, 131 intellectual pluralism, 8, 109 international law, 9 Iqbal, 322 Iran,4,6 modernism, 4 radical politics, 4 Shi'i thinkers, 4 Iranian Revolution, 18 al-'lraqi, Zain al-oin, 59 Islam, 319 al-islam, al-imam Fakhr, 64-5 Islam and Arabs, 95-6 Islam and politics, 3, 11, 14 Islam and science, Islam as a unified religion, 95 Islam defined, , 263 Islamic Action Front Party (IAFP), 309 Islamic activists, 3 Islamic Common Law, see also Muhammadan Common Law Islamic fundamentalism, 4, 6-7, 16 Islamic government, laws and social institutions, Islamic history, 9, 10 Islamic ideology, 198 Islamic jurisprudence, see Fiqh Islamic law, 2, 8, 12 Islamic modernism, 2-3, 5-7, 13 Islamic movement, Jordan Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas), 303 "one man one vote" 1993, Wadi Araba treaty, Islamic orthodoxy, 6 Islamic political theory, 6, 10-1,270--1, Islamic radicalism, 3 Islamic Revealed Law, see also Muhammadan Revealed Law Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) Algerian Army, creation of, 1 7 defined,273-5 economic policy, education policy, foreign policy, 300 health, education, social, cultural policies, Jihad, 276-7, 299 legal rights, political program of, Shariah,275-9 social policy, women's rights, 294 Islamic sciences, 7 Islamic socialism, 1 7, 19 Islamic state, 2, 7, Islamic structure, Islamic theology, 2, 19 Islamic theory of sovereignty, 2 Islamic unity, 98 Al-Islami, HizbJibhih al-amal, 310 Islamism, 3 Islamist, 3 al-isphahani, Abu Nu'aim, 60

8 380 INDEX al-isphahni, Abu Sheikh, 60 Jahiliyyah,200-l,203,225,232,243-4, 311 jalabeeb, 156n Jama'at-i Islami, 18 al-jauzi, 56 Jewish oral law, 34 Jihad Ainee, 77, 80 defensive, 72-3, 83, 88-9, early Madiniti period, European writers, 82 fight or not to fight, 234-8, Halabi, Hedaya, Ibn Hajar, 78 Kifaya, 74, 75 Meccan period, meaning of, 90, Moslem legists, 81-2 rule of interpretation, 73 Sarakhsee, stages of the movement, Sura, 73-7,84,86-8,90,92 Jizya, 261n, 255 Jizyah, 224 Jordanian Islamic movement, 7 Jordanian ruling elite, 7 jurisprudence, 1, 8, 30-31, 103 Kant, Karmat Ali, 10 Kaza and Kadar, 39 Kazee-al-Kozat, 30 Khalifa Haroon Arrasheed, 31 khalifas, 29-30, 133 Khalifat, 103 Khan, Sayyid Ahmad, 1, 2, 6-8, 10, 187 Kharaj, 261n, 255 Khilafot-ai-Kamila, 105 Khomeini, Imam Ruhullah background, 18 on Islamic government, on the Islamic state, speech, khomr, 156n Khulafai-jour, 29 Khulafai-Rashedeen, 29 Khunrr,261n, King Hussein, 4, 309 knowledge and Islam, Koreish, 83, 96, 98, kotelu, 90 Kufa, 105 kufr; Kurds, 353 Lao Tzu, school of, 318 Larousse, laws of inheritance, life after death, 10, life style, MacColl, Malcolm, 8-9, 29, 31, 33--4, 91 Madani, Abbassi, 2, 17 madhahib, 181n Madrasat al-qada'al-shari', 46 Maghazi, 67 Mahomedans compared with Hindus, mahram, 363 Majlis, 334, 336 Mamlukes, 13, 107 mamum, 103 a/-manar, 51n maraji, 334 Maududi, Sayyid Abul A'la, 2, 18 al-mazari, 62-3 Messenger of God (S.A. W), 17, 197 Mirza Bozorg Shirazi, 3 51 al-misri, Dial-Noun, 48-9 Moavia, 29 modern Europe, 13 modern social laws, l 0 modern social theory, l mojahid, 90 moneylending, 126-8,130 see also usary Moolkan Azoozan, 29 moral conduct, 45-6 moral revolution, 16 mo'tazelahs, 13 3 Mrabet, Fadila, 341 Mu'awiyah, 104-5, 364 Mughal Empire, 5 Muhajarin, 100 Muhammadan Common Law, 8-9, 31--4, , 92, 152 see also Islamic Common Law Muhammadan Revealed Law, 8-9,31, 34 see also Islamic Revealed Law Muhammadan states, 29

9 INDEX 381 Muhammad's marriages, 157n Muir, William, 82-3, 94n Mujahid,49 ~-Muktadi, Mumtaz Ali, 6 Muslim Brothers, see Society of Muslim Brothers Muslim-Christian history, 9 Muslim religion and science, 23-8 Mussulman states, 29, 33 al-mustazhir, 106 Mutahhari, Murtaza, 19 Mutakherin, 104 al-mutanabbi, 24 Musta'sim b'lllah, 106 mutiny of , 5 Nahnah, Shaikh, 2 al-nasa'i, 59, 61 Nassar, 7 nationalism, 2, 6, 329 naturalism, 125 natural law, 12 natural religion, 138 natural theology, 2, 8, 12 nature of worship, Na'ini (Ayatollah), 2, 4 al-nawawi, 62 Neuman, Sergei, 329 nineteenth-century Enlightenment, compatibility with, 1 nineteenth-century soci~ theory, 3 Nuri, Shaikh Fazlullah, 6 Nu'mani, 'Allama Shibli, 2, 9-10 oil concession, Omar, 11, 104 Ommeyyades, Ommiade dynasty, Osborn, Major, 86-7 Osman, 11, 104 Othman, House of, 107-8, 232 Ottomans, 107, 257, 348, 351 Pahlavi regime, 18 patristicism, 3 8 Plato, 119 pluralism, 6 political reorganization of society, 2 polygamy, 4, 9, 10, 12, 145-6, 151-2, pontifical caliphate, 11 popular jihad. See Jihad pork, forbidden in the Quran, 210, pragmatism, 126 prophets, mission of, Qadisiyyah, battle of, 240 Qajar dynasty, 5 al-qari, Mulla 'Ali, al-qastallani, 68 al-qattan, Yahya ibn Sa'id, 54 Qayyim, Ibn, 223 Quarish, Quran, 3, 7-9, 12,14-5,18,30-4,35, 39, 42-3,45-50,71-6,80-5,88-9,91-2, 96,146,178,210-4,219-20,226, 228,230,233-5,239-40,258,265-6, 270-1, Quranic verses, 36-9,42-3, 45, 55-6, 74-80,89-90,92,96,147-9,152-3, 155, 175, 180,204-5, 213-4,218, 223-4,227-8,230,233-5,239-40, 256,258-9,264,266,269-70,274, 295,325-9,330-1,364-7 Qutb, Sayy:id, 2, 17 rabb and ilah, rabubiyyal, 268 Radd-ul-Muhtar, 104 radical modernity, 2 Ranan, Ernest, al-rashid, Maroun, 67 rationalism, 126, , rationalist approach toward historic~ Islam, 2 rational sciences, rise of, 2, 12-3 al-razi, AI-Imam, 68 al-raziq, Ali Abd, 2, 6, 15-6 religion and science, 23-8, 135 religious reform, religious tolerance, 10 Renan,M., 13,23-28 Reza Shah, 4, 6 Sadat, 7 Sale, George, 85-6 Sarakhsee, 77 secular education, 7 secularism, 15 Selim, Sell, Edward, 32 al-shafi'i, 64

10 382 INDEX Shah, Isma'il, 107 Shariati, Ali, 19, 20 Shari'ah, 16, 45, 99, 198-9, 211-1, 217, 220,232,251,276-9,282,285,288, Shari'at, 101, Shiahs, 102-4, 107, 132 Shiite, 249, 364 Shi'ism, 350 shura, 17 Siba'i, Mustafa as-, 2, 17 Simons,Jules, al-sini, Ibn, 60 Sira literature, slavery, 9-11 Smith, Bosworth, 32, 84-5, 153 Society of the Muslim Brothers boycotting the 1997 elections, Farhan, Ishaq Ahmad, 16 Jordan elections, 301 a Jordanian Islamic movement, 7, sociological laws, 41-3 sons oflsmail, 96 Stephens, 84 Sufis,9, 18,48,107 Sultani, Abd al-latif, 18-9 Sunni, 11, 102-8, 132 al-tabarani, 61 al-tabari, 58-9 Tahtawi, Rafi' al-, 11-3 Tahzib al-akhlaq, 10 Talout, 41-3 Tawhee, 264 taxes, al-tirmidhi, 61 Tobacco Movement ( ), 6 Tocquevillian view, 4 traditionalists, 12, 15 traditional sciences, 12 treaty ofhodeibia, 75 al-'ulum, Bahr, 64-5 Umayyads, 66-7 umma, 13, 257 al-urwa al-wuthqa, 13 usury, 311 see also money lending Utility, veiling (hajib), 15, 169, 173-9, vice-gerency, 101-4, 106-7, 203 Vienna Conference (1973), 16 Vienna Convention, 333, 337 Wadi Araba treaty, Wahabis, 103 Wajdi, Farid, 2, 14-5 al-waqidi, 58-9,62 waqfs, 288 western civilization influences of, 18, 343 nationalism, 329 self-destruction, Western criticism oflslam, 9 western decadence capitalism and communism, , humanism, 317 Marxism, 317,321-3 "westitis," Wherry, E. M., 88 women's issues concubinage, 146-7, divorce, 146, 151 female infanticide, gender relations and equality, 7, 15, 149, Muslim law concerning, polgamy, 4, 9-10, 12, 146-7, treatment of, 151, 159 veiling (hajib), 15, 169, 173-9, women in Egyptian society becoming self-sufficient, divorce, 166 education of, equality, polygamy, 167 role in society, shari'ah, 166, 170, 174, 179, 181 status of, veiling, 169, Yacine, Kateb, 342 Yali, Hafiz Abu, 204 Yoosoof, Imam Aboo, 30-1 Yoslemoon, 92, 94n al-zayla'i, Utbman ibn 'Ali, Zionism, 201-2, Zoroastrians, 11, 102 al-zuhri, al-lmam, 61