POPULARITY OF DIGITAL HADITH APPLICATION (DHA) IN MALAYSIA

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 10, October 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_10_138 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed POPULARITY OF DIGITAL HADITH APPLICATION (DHA) IN MALAYSIA Amran Abdul Halim Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Norazmi Anas Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Shahril Nizam Zulkipli Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Zuriani Yaacob Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang Branch, Raub Campus, Raub, Pahang, Malaysia Mohd Syukri Mohd Noor Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Zulkifli Mohd. Ghazali Faculty of Computer & Matematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Ahmad Sanusi Azmi Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Syed Najihuddin Syed Hassan Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper aimed to examine digital hadith application (DHA) within the framework of Fourth Industrial Revolution commonly referred as IR 4.0 and also to identify the most popular DHA among academics and students studying hadiths in the selected

2 Amran Abdul Halim, Norazmi Anas, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Zuriani Yaacob, Mohd Syukri Mohd Noor, Zulkifli Mohd. Ghazali, Ahmad Sanusi Azmi and Syed Najihuddin Syed Hassan public universities in Malaysia. Data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS Software Version 21. It was found that the most established and significant resourceful hadith applications among students and academics included ishamela, Islamweb and Maktabah Syamilah which were retrieved from mobile application, website and computer software respectively. These DHAs were seen to meet certain criteria to ease the takhrij al-hadith or simply defined as hadith extraction in the collections. This is in line with the goal of the IR 4.0 which is of great benefit to the Muslims worldwide and also the authenticity of hadith being transmitted is fully preserved in the virtual world. Key words: Popularity, Digital Hadith Application (DHA), ICT, IR 4.0 Cite this Article Amran Abdul Halim, Norazmi Anas, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Zuriani Yaacob, Mohd Syukri Mohd Noor, Zulkifli Mohd. Ghazali, Ahmad Sanusi Azmi and Syed Najihuddin Syed Hassan, Popularity of Digital Hadith Application (Dha) In Malaysia, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(10), 2018, pp. (1382)-(1390) INTRODUCTION With the rise of new digital industrial technology or Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0), Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is increasingly widespread and rapidly contributing to the nation development and economic growth (Mardan, 2000). Due to these advances, the Islamic world has seen the Islamic knowledge be delivered easily and effectively with the assistance of ICT applications such as websites, digital libraries, mobile apps and software to name a few. According to Zulkipli and Suliaman (2013), the extensive use of multimedia has brought the study of hadith to the forefront of the intellectual revolution. The researchers and internet users have opportunities to explore and search for hadith information more effectively from available reliable spaces and technology platforms. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to examine digital hadith application (DHA) within the framework of Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) and also to identify the most popular DHA among academics and students studying hadith in the selected public universities in Malaysia. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW The use of mobile app has been getting significant in the present decade. With the evolution of IR 4.0, the integration of mobile devices in the learning system has made mobile learning or M-Learning possible and has resulted in the shift of traditional learning atmosphere. It provides a new generation ultimate experience by providing easier access and wider networks of all the desired scope of knowledge (Sarrab et al., 2012). In relation to seeking information related to hadiths, the mobile app has brought the religious researchers, scholars and internet users closer to the narrated hadiths. According to Zulkipli et al. (2017a), among the four hadith software developed through the operation of android and ios systems are (i) Maktabah al-hadis al- Syarif (collection of four main books of hadith i.e. Sahih al-bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al- Tirmidhi and Sunan al- Nasa'i) and was established in 2005 by Amadsoft company, (ii) Al- Hadith al-nabawi that was produced by ASGATech (hadith collections of Sahih al-bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Hadith Qudsi, Riyad al-salihin and Al-Nawawi s Forty Hadith, (iii) ihadith Pro that was developed by collaboration between mobile phone software developer TkXel and ENMAC (hadith collections of Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Muwatta 'Malik, Riyad al-salihin and Hadith Qudsi, (iv) Al-Arba'un al-nawawiyyah which was developed by Yufid company, is the form of hadith collection of Al-Nawawi s Forty Hadith editor@iaeme.com

3 Popularity of Digital Hadith Application (Dha) In Malaysia Meanwhile, the websites in Arabic language have provided the best facilities to locate hadiths or specifically as a new platform of takhrij al-hadith i.e. hadith verification and authentication (Zulkipli, 2017b) such as (i) Al-Durar al-saniyyah (contains nearly 583 of hadith books with 300,000 of recurring hadith, (ii) Islamweb (contains 1,384 books including 543 unpublished manuscripts with 70,000 of sanad or chain of hadith narrators), (iii) Al-Jami 'al- Hadis al-nabawi (contains 11 sections of hadith books of various fields of knowledge such as Kutub al-sihah, Kutub al-sunan, Kutub al-masanid wa al-ma ajim, Kutub al- Aqidah, Kutub al-tafsir, Kutub al- Ibadah wa al-mu amalah, Kutub al-akhlak wa al-adab wa al-raqa iq, Kutub al-siyar wa al-tarikh, Kutub al-manaqib wa al-fada il, Kutub Fawa id wa Ajza wa Amali and Kutub Ulum al-hadis wa al- Ilal, (iv) Al-Islam website (gathered 16 books comprising al-tis'ah and 7 books of syarah), (v) Mawsu'ah al-syamilah (contains 1106 books of various fields of knowledge such as kitab mutun al-hadis, kitab syuruh, kitab ilal, kitab ma ajim, (vi) Kutub Takhrij al-hadis al-nabawi al-syarif li al-syaykh Nasir al-din al-albani (collected the books of takhrij al-hadith written by Syaykh Albani). These are among the websites that provide access to hadith texts with reliable search engine facilities that may simplify the process of takhrij al-hadith. Evidently, forums and discussions related to takhrij al-hadith usually recommend these websites as a preference. On the other hand, for Malay language websites, most of them are rather general as the content is comprised of hadith discussions, hadith collections which either to be downloaded or displayed in the form of visual texts on the internet or audio hadith lectures. Some examples are E-Hadith and Mastika Hadith JAKIM, Projek My Masjid, Fikrah.net, al-nidaa ' and Lidwa.com. The development of hadith-specific computer software has been pioneered by several companies in Middle East (Zulkipli & Suliaman, 2013). As early as 1985, Mawsu'ah al-hadis al-syarif i.e. the hadith software was released by the company of Sakhr li Baramij al-hasib. Next in 1997, the company of Markaz al-turath li Abhath al-hasib al-ali published a software called al-mawsu'ah al-dhahabiyyah li al-hadis al-nabawi wa 'Ulumuhu. The success of the software has led to the development of other established software such as (i) Al-Maktabah al- Alfiyyah li al-sunnah al-nabawiyyah (contains 1,300 volumes of hadith books), (ii) Mawsu'ah al-takhrij wa al-atraf al-kubra (contains nearly 250,000 hadiths with sanad or sequence of reporters from best-known hadith books), (iii) Mawsu'ah al-ahadis al-da'ifah wa al-mawdu'ah (focuses on da'if and mawdu' hadiths from 45 books that have been debated by scholars of the salaf and contemporary), (iv) Maktabah al-ajza' al-hadisiyah (with more than 150 juzu' of hadiths).the company of al-'aris al-kumbiutar has developed two hadith software namely Maktabah al-hadis al-syarif which contains more than 2,100 of hadith, tarajim, lughah and rijal books. Another software known as Maktabah al-tarajim wa al-rijal contains a collection of book translations and narrated hadiths. Not only that, it also features information of contemporary Muslim scholars who have made a great contribution in the field of Islamic studies (Shah, 2010). In addition, the company of Markaz al-juffal al-tijari based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia has produced several hadith software such as (i) Mawsu'ah Talab al-'ilm (takhrij software with over 350,000 hadiths; 250,000 hadiths with sanad and 45,000 of narrator biographies), (ii) Al- Mawsu'ah al-dhahabiyyah al-maysarah li al-hadis al-nabawi wa 'Ulumihi (contains 21 major hadith books, 3 Fiqh al-hadith books, 6 'Ilm al-rijal books and 3 Mustalah al-hadith books), (iii) Silsilah al-'alim wa al-muta'allim al-syamilah (contains Maktabah al-'ilmiyyah such as Maktabah al-tafsir, Maktabah al-'aqidah, Maktabah al-hadith, Maktabah Ibn al-qayyim, Maktabah Ibn Taymiyyah and al-qawamis). Takhrij al-hadith using digital hadith application is based on several objectives of the takhrij itself (Zulkifli et al., 2017a; 2017b) namely; (i) identifying the position of hadith in the original reference source, (ii) identifying the narrators of hadith by looking at their position editor@iaeme.com

4 Amran Abdul Halim, Norazmi Anas, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Zuriani Yaacob, Mohd Syukri Mohd Noor, Zulkifli Mohd. Ghazali, Ahmad Sanusi Azmi and Syed Najihuddin Syed Hassan from the perspective of al-jarh wa al-ta'dil, (iii) declaring the sanad and matan of hadith (iv) identifying the rank and status of hadith whether it is sahih, hasan, da'if or maudu and (v) identifying the state of hadith and its classifications by looking at the features found in sanad and matan. Therefore, it is concluded that there are nine items regarding hadith required in fulfilling the above objectives: (i) hadith source, (ii) hadith position in the book and chapter, (iii) sanad, (iv) matan, (v) syawahid and mutaba'at, (vi) biography of narrators, (vii) type of hadith based on sanad, (viii) type of hadith based on matan and (ix) hukm of hadith (hadith legal ruling). Historically, Industrial Revolution 1.0 (IR 1.0) started in Britain with the introduction of hydraulic and steam-powered engines for factories. Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution 2.0 (IR 2.0) had emerged with the focus on component separation and assembly of labor-based products that led to mass production of consumer products. This was then followed by the Industrial Revolution 3.0 (IR 3.0) which implemented widespread electronic and information technology and continuous automation of the manufacturing process from analog to digital ones. Now, we are in the era of Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) where it applies the use of cyberphysical system in manufacturing environment, specifically in the integration of smart system and networks (Li et al., 2017). Figure 1 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0 IR 4.0) IR 4.0 is a German government high technology program or initiative known for its great manufacturing revolution which has been the current world agenda beginning in 2011 (Mario et al., 2015) which includes the internet concept + manufacturing concept (Tupa et al., 2017). The integration of ICT and industrial technology has produced Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in realization of smart digital plants to enable manufacturing to be more digitalized, information-centric, appropriate and eco-friendly. Thus, it is a new stage that attempts to achieve eight IR 4.0 objectives (Zhou et al. 2015) i.e. (i) system security and building architectural references to link networks, (ii) effective management, (iii) establishment of comprehensive and achievable industrial broadband infrastructure, (iv) priority of security, (v) organizations and work designs, (vi) continuous staff training and professional development, (vii) establishment of a regulatory framework and, (viii) enhancing the efficiency of resource use. Besides, there are three main areas for the sustainable of IR 4.0 namely, economic, social and environmental protection which act as a framework in safeguarding the potential sustainability of IR 4.0 (Adams, 2006) and at the same time driven by social and technological innovations (see Fig. 2) editor@iaeme.com

5 Popularity of Digital Hadith Application (Dha) In Malaysia Figure 2 A framework to safeguard the potential of a sustainable Industry 4.0 (Morrar et al., 2017) The Internet industry in the digital world is one of the priorities in IR 4.0 to produce smart devices and systems (Posada et al., 2015). It involves several other technologies such as IoT (Internet of Things), industrial automation, borderless information connectivity, cyber security, smart robots, product lifecycle management, semantic management and big data industries. Hence, digital computing technology in IR 4.0 is not only the main target of today's world but also requires a control mechanism so that it will not be manipulated by irresponsible parties, thus ensuring human life is safe and sustainable for future generations. Today, the process of digitizing the hadith involves the process of transferring hadith texts in digital form that can be accessed through modern gadgets with internet connection. In line with the development of current digital age, it is able to enhance knowledge and understanding regarding the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that can be practiced in daily life of an individual, family or society. The digital descriptions produced in various shapes and versions are seen in parallel with the IR 4.0 which puts the digital world and the internet as one of its core. The printing of hadith texts from paper medium to digital or electronic form requires careful planning, commitment as well as in-depth observation and research (Zulkipli, 2012). However, the efforts and persistence of the Muslim scholars to preserve the hadiths in the printed form may have encountered problems when there are mistakes from reading point of view, line and point placement, writing procedure and so on. This problem will also occur in the process of copying the hadith texts into electronic form due to limited human capabilities. Najeeb (2015) highlighted that the process of hadith transferring requires profound Arabic-language expertise in order to maintain the authenticity of the texts especially in the digital form. Some studies related to digital hadiths have been conducted such as, (i) Digital hadith forensics (Yusoff et al., 2010), (ii) Hadith classification using Data Mining and Named Entity Recognition techniques (Aldhaln, 2012; Siddiqui, 2014; Saloot et al., 2016), (iii) Hadith information system using Retrieval Information technique (Rozanda et al., 2014), (iv) Hadith digital search using search engines (Santoso & Hidayat, 2014), (v) Development of digital hadith authentication system (Kamsin et al., 2014) and (vi) Authenticity of hadith in Malay digital texts (Bimba et al., 2015). 3. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted quantitatively using a questionnaire on selected students, academics and researchers in the study of hadith in selected public universities in Malaysia. They were identified using digital hadith application in the process of takhrij al-hadith. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 21.0 software to achieve the objectives drawn in this study editor@iaeme.com

6 Amran Abdul Halim, Norazmi Anas, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Zuriani Yaacob, Mohd Syukri Mohd Noor, Zulkifli Mohd. Ghazali, Ahmad Sanusi Azmi and Syed Najihuddin Syed Hassan 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 below shows the background of the 128 respondents involved in this study consisted of 61 males and 67 females. The majority of the respondents were Malays, while the rest were Chinese and other ethnics. In addition, the respondents academic level comprised of bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctoral degree with 116, 9 and 3 respectively. The study also involved two public universities in Malaysia i.e. Universiti Malaya (UM) and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) with 19 and 109 respondents respectively. Table 1 Respondent s Background Items Gender Male Female Race Malay Chinese Age Between 15 to Between 26 to Between 36 to Above Academic Qualification Bachelor s Degree Master s Degree Doctoral Degree University Universiti Malaya (UM) Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Table 2 below shows the mobile phone app used by the respondents. The findings show that ishamela application is the main choice of respondents with 104 users. It was followed by Maktabah Al-Hadith Al-Syarif, Hadith Encyclopedia by 9 Imam, Mawsu'ah Al-Hadith Al- Nabawi Al-Syarif and Al-Mawsu'ah Al-Hadisiyyah with 36, 26, 24 and 18 users respectively. ishamela application is based on the same database as the Maktabah Syamilah software and provides a wider range of hadith access facilities involving the diversity of the hadith knowledge such as Ulum al-hadith, Mutun al-hadith, Syuruh al-hadith, Takhrij al-hadith, Al- Jarh wa al-ta'dil and others. Hence, its use can be benefitted holistically by the hadith scholars. It differs from other applications that merely provide the convenience of retrieving the hadiths on a smaller scale. Hadith Encyclopedia by 9 Imam for example, only provides direct access to the hadith in Kutub al-tis'ah alone. Table 2 Respondents Use Digital Hadith Application via Mobile Phone App Items Yes No ishamela Maktabah Al-Hadis Al- Syarif Ensiklopedia Hadis 9 Imam versi mobile editor@iaeme.com

7 Popularity of Digital Hadith Application (Dha) In Malaysia Mawsu ah Al-Hadis Al Nabawi Al-Syarif Al-Mawsu ah Al-Hadisiyyah Table 3 below shows the websites used by the respondents to retrieve hadiths. Based on the findings, Islamweb was the top choice among the respondents i.e. 90 users. Second popular choice of hadith website was Al-Durar Al-Saniyyah with 50 users, followed by Al-Jami 'Al- Hadith Al-Nabawi, Mawsu'ah Al-Syamilah and Mawqi' Al-Islam with 49, 34 and 29 users respectively. Islamweb is getting attention among the researchers due to its more detailed hadith search facility. It provides the convenience of seeing the diversity of the sanad along with the criticisms of muhaddith against narrators in the sanad based on the knowledge of al-jarh wa al-ta'dil. With such ease, the hadith scholars are able to judge whether the hadith is sahih, hasan or da'if. In other words, the use of Islamweb can help to reinforce the science of takhrij al-hadith practically. Table 3 Respondents Use of Digital Hadith Application via Websites Yes No Items Islamweb Al-Durar Al-Saniyyah Al-Jami Al-Hadis Al-Nabawi Mawsu ah Al-Syamilah Mawqi Al-Islam Table 4 shows the use of digital hadith application via computer software used by the respondents. The findings show that 117 users used Maktabah Syamilah as the main reference compared to other computer software. Jawami 'Al-Kalim's computer software became the second choice of the respondents with 67 users. This was followed by Hadith Encyclopedia by 9 Imam with 23 users, Mawsu'ah Al-Hadis Al-Syarif with 20 users and Al-Mawsu'ah Al- Dhahabiyyah Li Al-Hadith Al-Nabawi Wa 'Ulumuhu with 10 users. Maktabah Syamilah has been made as the main reference due to several factors; the software built for the purpose of wakaf knowledge in which it is provided free of charge as compared to other software available with purchase. In addition, the Maktabah Syamilah software has also provided a wider range of hadith discussions such as Mutun al-hadith, Syuruh al-hadith, Takhrij al-hadith, Al-Jarh wa al-ta'dil and so on. It is also very user-friendly where the researchers can manually add the books of hadith to broaden the reach of the hadiths to be studied. Table 4 Respondents Use of Digital Hadith Application via Computer Software Items Yes No Maktabah Syamilah Jawami Al-Karim Ensiklopedia 9 Imam Mawsu ah Al-Hadis Al-Syarif Al-Mawsu ah Al-Dhahabiyyah Li Al-Hadis Al-Nabawi Wa Ulumuhu editor@iaeme.com

8 Amran Abdul Halim, Norazmi Anas, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Zuriani Yaacob, Mohd Syukri Mohd Noor, Zulkifli Mohd. Ghazali, Ahmad Sanusi Azmi and Syed Najihuddin Syed Hassan 5. CONCLUSION The use of the most popular digital hadith application for takhrij al-hadith among students and academics involved in this study were divided into three categories (mobile phone app, websites and computer software) with ishamela, Islamweb and Maktabah Syamilah respectively. These three applications were seen to meet the criteria necessary in the body of hadith discipline and subsequently applied along with the development of the Revolutionary Industry (IR 4.0) which will benefit the Muslims worldwide. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The study is fully sponsored through the Short Term Grant Phase 2/2016, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) entitled Performance of Hadith Application in the Interactive Environment, research code PPP/USG-0216/FPQS/30/ REFERENCES [1] Adams, W. M. The future of sustainability: Re-thinking environment and development in the twenty-first century. In Report of the IUCN renowned thinkers meeting, 29, (2006): 31. [2] Aldhaln, K. A, Zeki, A. M. & Zeki, A. M. Knowledge extraction in hadith using data mining technique. Int J Inf Technol Comput Sci 2, (2012): [3] Bimba, A., Ismail, M. A., Idris, N., Jaafar, S. & Mahmud, R. Towards enhancing the compilation of Al-Hadith text in Malay. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research 83, (2015): 76. [4] Kamsin, A., Gani, A, Suliaman, I., Jaafar, S., Mahmud, R., Sabri, A. Q. M.,... & Ab Hamid, S. H. Developing the novel Quran and Hadith authentication system. In Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), The 5th International Conference on IEEE (2014): 1-5. [5] Li, G., Hou, Y. & Wu, A. Fourth Industrial Revolution: technological drivers, impacts and coping methods. Chinese Geographical Science 27(4), (2017): [6] Mardan, M. Mendaki zaman perubahan yang berterusan. Memahami Islam Melalui Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia, (2000). [7] Mario, H, Tobias, P, & Boris, O. Design principles for Industrie 4.0 scenarios: a literature review. Technische Universität Dortmund, working paper, (2015), (01). [8] Morrar, R, Arman, H, & Mousa, S. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0): A Social Innovation Perspective. Technology Innovation Management Review 7(11), (2017): [9] Najeeb, M. M. Multi-Agent System for Hadith Processing. International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 9(9), (2015): [10] Posada, J, Toro, C, Barandiaran, I, Oyarzun, D, Stricker, D, de Amicis, R,... & Vallarino, I. Visual computing as a key enabling technology for industrie 4.0 and industrial internet. IEEE computer graphics and applications 35(2), (2015): [11] Rozanda, N. E., Marsal, A. & Iswanti, K. Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Hadits Menggunakan Teknik Temu Kembali Informasi Model Ruang Vektor. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri 11(1), (2014): [12] Saloot, M. A., Idris, N., Mahmud, R., Ja afar, S., Thorleuchter, D. & Gani, A. Hadith data mining and classification: a comparative analysis. Artificial Intelligence Review 46(1), (2016): editor@iaeme.com

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