THE CONVENIENCE OF TAKHRIJ AL-HADITH THROUGH ICT APPS: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS ON SELECTED HADITH WEBSITE AND MOBILE APPS

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_267 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed THE CONVENIENCE OF TAKHRIJ AL-HADITH THROUGH ICT APPS: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS ON SELECTED HADITH WEBSITE AND MOBILE APPS Ishak Suliaman Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Shahril Nizam Zulkipli Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka Branch, Alor Gajah Campus, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia Norazmi Anas Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Amin Che Ahmat Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Nurul Hidayah Aziz Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia ABSTRACT The development of information and communications technology (ICT) has given a new dimension to the study of hadith in cyberspace as an effort to empower, uphold and preserve it in a long run. Thus, this study s focused on three mobile apps which are editor@iaeme.com

2 Ishak Suliaman, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Norazmi Anas, Amin Che Ahmat, Nurul Hidayah Aziz and Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob Encyclopedia of 9 Imam, Mawsu ah al-hadith al-nabawi al-sharif and Kutub Tis ah along with three websites, namely al-durar al-saniyyah, Mawqi al-islam and Islamweb that can be used to facilitate takhrij hadith. The study is aims to demonstrate the convenience of takhrij hadith in ICT integration and explore some of ICT apps that can be utilized to assist learning. Methodology applied was a qualitative method of hadith data collection infused within the apps. It was later revealed that a few of takhrij facilities were instilled in these apps: (1) Source of hadith (2) Ranking of hadith (3) Sanad hadith (4) Matan hadith (5) Rating of hadith in other sources (to specify Syawahid/Mutaba at) (6) The biography of narrators (al-jarh wa al-ta dil) (7) Types of hadith based on the Sanad (8) Types of hadith based on Matan (9) Hukm al-hadith. The study found that as many as nine takhrij facilities have been infused in all of the six ICT apps. Encyclopedia of 9 Imam apps is the leading apps so far that can be useful for scholars, for it contained all the facililities mentioned. Nevertheless, to go on hadith search through available websites is much more extensive as they provide access to a larger amount of hadith. Key words: Science of hadith, takhrij al-hadith, hadith mobile apps, hadith websites, hadith and ICT Cite this Article: Ishak Suliaman, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Norazmi Anas, Amin Che Ahmat, Nurul Hidayah Aziz and Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob, the Convenience of Takhrij Al-Hadith Through Ict Apps: an Exploratory Analysis on Selected Hadith Website and Mobile Apps, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION In the process of conducting an assessment of the hadith validity, the scholars of hadith have established a framework of knowledge by the name of takhrij al-hadith. It becomes a necessity to be studied and known by Muslims for assessing the legality and hadith sources at present. Takhrij hadith process opts for complex conventional methods, where it requires researchers to know the characteristic peculiarities or technicalities of hadith, as well as being proficient in the search process using the original reference books of hadith. This is due to the kitābs method of preparation that vary from one another (Siddiqui et al., 2014). The development of science and technology has given a new dimension to the study of hadith through information and communication technologies (ICT). Science of takhrij al- Hadith that was once out of reach, can now be accessed through the incorporation of such knowledge into ICT apps. The enlightenment of Muslims technology engineers has brought the treasures of Islamic studies in various forms to the construction of websites, the existence software and mobile phone apps as an effort to strengthen uphold and preserve the sunnah in this era of ICT. 2. DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TAKHRIJ AL-HADITH According to Dr 'Abd al-mawjud Muhammad' Abd al-latif, takhrij is a reference for hadith (after investigating the narrators condition) to their muktabar source by muhaddith with sanad that is sahih, hasan, da if or mawdu. It also studies the narrators of hadith that are based on the views of al-jarh wa al-ta dil s scholars (Abd, 1984). Dr Muhammad Abu al-layth al- Khayr Abadi claims that the understanding of al-takhrij as applied in the current study is a science which debate about the principles and methods that give ease of access to the hadith editor@iaeme.com

3 The Convenience of Takhrij Al-Hadith Through Ict Apps: an Exploratory Analysis on Selected Hadith Website and Mobile Apps rank, to identify mutaba at and syawahid from original sources, resources that resemble the original or the unauthentic resources, hence form conclusions of hukm and the degree of hadith whether it is accepted or rejected (Abadi, 2005). Science of takhrij was found by Imam al-tirmidhi, followed by al-khatib al-baghdadi received increasing attention in the 6th century with the production of the first takhrij kitāb called Takhrij Ahadith al-muhadhdhab fi al-fiqh al-syafi i li al-syirazi by Muhammad bin Musa al-hazimi, which serve of great importance (Razzak & Rahim, 2011): I. To determine the validity of a hadith and methods in revealing the different levels of hadith classifications. II. To find out whether there was an increase or decrease in the hadith text. Therefore, the different levels of hadith classifications or rank can be made known whether they are sahih, shadh, munkar, da if, maudu which rest mainly upon the nature of the reporters in the isnad. III. To identify the various hadith that can assist in releasing the laws of fiqh, the right way. IV. To fix particular hadith text in terms of al-tahrif (distortion) or al-tashif (mispronunciation) in order to get the right nas (Salih, 2007). V. To correct the wrong names in the sanad by clarifying the unknown narrators and also aligning it with the right line. VI. It is beneficial for the learner of this science so they can emend, refer as well as evaluate the hadith in a swift. 3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF HADITH APPS IN THE ERA OF ICT Science of hadith apps in ICT apps has received prominent attention by developers of mobile apps, for these advances have lessened the gap between users and hadith nabawi since they are flexible and user-friendly. Furthermore, the learning system via mobile phone (M-Learning) has begun to gain popularity in Malaysia, after the emergence of the internet in the cyber world that can promote expansion and enrich the diversity of disciplines with the potential that is readily available. It is a new concept in the learning process with the emphasis put primarily on the ability to facilitate the transfer of learning process, without any dependency of physical location for the learning process to take place (Karkar et al., 2015). To put it plainly, the learning process can be performed anywhere and not only in class. In addition, with the existance of these tech equipments, people will have the opportunity to create methods and vast learning community that connects those with ICT-based technologies framework, which then support lifelong learning (Kamal, 2008). Among the hadith apps that are produced through symbian operating system and the jar are Hadith Qudsi Islamic apps, Hadith Qudsi Pro, Islamic / Hadith, Maktabah al-hadith, Al-Hadith al-nabawi, Al-Hadith al-nabawi Pro, Maktabah al-hadith al-syarif, Translation of Sahih Al- Bukhari, Mukhtasar Sahih al-bukhari, Hadith on Durood, Hadith Reader Basic Bukhari, Hadith 42 Imam al-nawawi, Mobile Paket Hadith with translation into Indonesian language, Prophet Muhammad SAW Du a, Translation of Haji Sahih al-bukhari and Sahih al-muslim Chapters into Indonesian language, Translation of Hadith Arba in into Indonesian language, collection of articles on Islam called Sepercik Himah, al-quran, Hadith and etc (Zulkipli et al., 2017). Based on the writer s evaluation on these applications, many of which do not carry the entire hadith as in the original kitab but just the summary (mukhtasar) which only takes into account some of the main hadith for each chapter. It is likely due to the ability of the operating editor@iaeme.com

4 Ishak Suliaman, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Norazmi Anas, Amin Che Ahmat, Nurul Hidayah Aziz and Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob system that is only able to accommodate a total capacity of lighter data. Moreover, it is also to avoid problems on mobile phone such as a conflict of two or more apps, hang, error and others. (Zulkipli et al., 2017). The researchers observation on the hadith websites on the other hand, found that Arabic language-based websites are way more sophisticated in prioritizing the search engines on hadith online. Among them are al-durar al-saniyyah (dorar.net), Mawqi al-islam ( and Islamweb ( that are the main focus of this research, Nida al-iman ( Mawsu ah al-syamilah ( al-muhaddith ( al- Jami al-hadith al-nabawi ( and Kutub Takhrij al-hadith al- Nabawi al-syarif li al-syaykh Nasir al-din al-albani ( bic/books/albani.asp). Initial review by the researchers also discovered that all of these websites are among those which provide service to search for hadith text online. Even the forums which included discussions on takhrij al-hadith web page seem to have mentioned the stated websites. If we were to refer at the web pages that included discussion on the sciences of hadith, collection of books of hadith either to be downloaded in pdf format (e-book) or doc or even a display of hadith book in the form of visual text online and lectures on hadith in audio form, then definitely the amount has somehow already overflown. They can be found with a quick search using the right keywords in the Google search engines, Yahoo and others (Zulkipli, 2012). This is an excellence archievement considering that the Malaysian government adopts e-book usage since 2009 in formal interactive teaching and learning (Shiratuddin, 2015) From all the ICT apps mentioned above, it can be concluded that there are various apps which provide services to search for takhrij al-hadith. However, this study only concentrates on three mobile apps namely Encyclopedia of 9 Imam, Mawsu ah al-hadith al-nabawi al- Sharif and Kutub Tis ah along with three websites, al-durar al-saniyyah, Mawqi al-islam and Islamweb. It has led one of the hadith apps categories that can be seen as a process of learning to search for hadith online through the search engine, such as the source of hadith, sanad and matan, different levels of hadith stated in other hadith books, laws of hadith and etc. Based on the services and search results, it has met certain objectives for science of takhrij al-hadith disciplines (Shah, 2010): I. To identify the different levels of hadith in reference to the original sources. II. To identify narrators of hadith by checking their ranks from al-jarh wa al-ta dil point of view. III. To clarify the hadith s sanad and matan. IV. To identify the rank and status of the hadith from the standpoint of sahih or da if, whether it is accepted or rejected. V. To identify the condition of hadith and its types by referring to the characteristics contain in the sanad and matan. Thus, efforts in making use of these apps have aided the researchers to conduct a preliminary assessment of the hadith from takhrij perspective. Nevertheless, they are still required to refer to the original book for further study, especially when it involves the legal ruling (hukm) of hadith. It is because of the resignation of hukm by the al-muhaddith need for a discussion scope to be more detailed (Shahril et al., 2011) editor@iaeme.com

5 The Convenience of Takhrij Al-Hadith Through Ict Apps: an Exploratory Analysis on Selected Hadith Website and Mobile Apps 4. HADITH MOBILE APPS 4.1. Encyclopedia of 9 Imam Apps (Mobile Version) This apps was developed by Lidwa Pusaka which stands for Institute of Knowledge and Da wah as well as Publication of Religious Facilities. It is an institution that is engaged in the development and publication of knowledge and da wah of Islam. Lidwa was established by alumni of the Middle East, the Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences (LIPIA) Jakarta and several higher education institutions for teachers (lidwa.com, 12 Jan 2018, 10.30pm). Lidwa Pusaka also provides Encyclopedia of 9 Imam in the form of website (Encyclopedia of 9 Imams online version and computer software (Encyclopedia of 9 Imams desktop version). The Features of Encyclopedia of 9 Imam Apps in Mobile Version: (1) It contains nearly 63,000 hadith from 9 books of hadith or better known as Kutub al-tis ah: Shahih Bukhari, Shahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Daud, Sunan Tirmidzi, Sunan Nasa i, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Musnad Ahmad, Muwatta Malik, and Sunan Darimi. (2) It is equipped with Arabic text and translation to the Indonesian language. (3) Each hadith comes with the different levels of hadith classifications except for Musnad Ahmad and Muwatha Malik. (4) The Arabic text and translation into Indonesian language can be shared. (5) The search can be done both with Arabic text and Indonesian language. (6) There will be links provided related to the sought after hadith. (7) Index hadith or collections of hadith thematically (faith, morality and manners, worship, etc). (8) The collection of hadith Qudsi, Mutawatir, Marfu, Mauquf, Maqthu, Mursal, Munqathi, Muallaq. (9) Sanad s Line Diagram: Various sanad from particular hadith is shown in an informative diagram form. (10) The biographies written about narrators of hadith are displayed to reflect on their credibilities. (11) Statistics of hadith narration from a single narrator in 9 books of hadith. Through the available search engine, researchers can conduct their search by using keywords of specific such as specific kalimah in matan, the narrators names (rawi al-a la), and hadith topic (Mawdu'i). The search results are: (1) Sanad hadith. (2) Matan hadith. (3) The source of hadith. (3) The books and chapters of hadith. (4) Rank of hadith in other sources. (5) Biographies of narrators. (6) Types of hadith based on sanad or matan. (7) Hukm of hadith Kutub Tis ah Apps Digitama Indonesia is the one responsible in developing kutub al-tis ah apps, based on the theme of 'Treating Tradition, Exploring Innovation'. It was established with the goal of spreading Islam that is Rahmatan li al- Alamin, that soothes, educative, enlightens, moderate, balanced and tolerative ( 12 Jan 2018, 11.15pm). Features of Kutub al-tis ah Apps: (1) A complete digital hadith apps that contains all 9 books of hadith which are used as reference by muslims after the Qur'an, namely Sahih al- Bukhari (7,008 hadith), Sahih Muslim (5,362 hadith), Sunan al-tirmidzi (3,891 hadith), Sunan Abu Dawud (4,590 hadith), Sunan al-nasa i (5,362 hadith), Sunan Ibn Majah (4,332 hadith), Sunan al-darimi, (3,367 hadith) Musnad Ahmad (26,362 hadith) and Muwata Malik (1,594 hadith). (2) It has a total of 62,168 hadith, Arabic text and its translation in Indonesian language included. (3) Enriched with chain of sanad. (4) Ratings by imam and ulama of hadith on the same narrators, whether they are reliable, have superior memorizing ability, weak, need further study and so on. This apps does not cover all books of hadith. It only provides features to search for individual book, which therefore limits its search results for hadith. The search results are: (1) editor@iaeme.com

6 Ishak Suliaman, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Norazmi Anas, Amin Che Ahmat, Nurul Hidayah Aziz and Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob Sanad hadith. (2) Matan hadith. (3) The hadith. (3) The source of hadith. (4) The books and chapters of hadith. (5) Rank of hadith in other sources. (6) Biographies of narrators Mawsu ah Al-Hadith Al-Nabawi Al-Syarif Apps Mawsu ah al-hadith al-nabawi al-syarif was produced by al-nazmu al-ma lumatiyyah al- Hadithah company (Modern Information System - MIS) ( 13 Jan 2018, 5.35pm). This apps has collected hadith from the books of Muwatta Malik, Kutub al- Sittah, Sunan Imam Ahmad, Sunan al-darimi and Riyad al-salihin. Features of Mawsu ah Al-Hadith Al-Nabawi Al-Syarif Apps: (1) This apps has collected as many as 40 volumes containing 50,000 pages of almost 45,000 hadith. (2) Sahih al-bukhari with links to the same matan hadith in the book and other chapters. (3) Musnad Imam Ahmad is equipped with all the hadith and its sanad. (4) Sunan al-darimi, Sunan al-tirmizi, Sunan Ibn Majah and Musnad Imam Ahmad with descriptions of the hadith ranks. (5) Facilitates hadith search through three search options namely Ayyu min al-kalimah, Kullu al-kalimah and al- Jumlah Harfiyyan. For the selection of al-jumlah Harfiyyan, users are required to place their hadith search by the use of a single word. Kullu al-kalimah refers to search with multiple words ا نما, The search results will present matan hadith containing the word.ا نما الا عمال بالنيات like in one matan. On the contrary, Ayyu min Kalimah is a word search with several بالنيات and الا عمال صلاة The results outcome will present related hadith associated with.صلاة نية different word like and.نية (6) The display of hadith text has also been marked by a number of different colors to explain the distinctive functions such as: (a) Red is applied especially for word Allah s.w.t. (b) Green is dedicated to the sayings of Prophet s.a.w. (c) Black is for words of the sahabah. (d) Yellow represents for word in matan based on the searched keyword. (7) The text of the hadith can be copied and pasted to encourage the dissemination of hadith when it can be copied and sent via short message service (sms). Through the available search engine, researchers can conduct their search by the use of particular word in matan, name of the narrators (rawi al-a la), and the hadith topic (Mawdu'i). The search results within reach are: Hadith Search Results: (1) Sanad hadith. (2) Matan hadith. (3) Sources of hadith. (3) The books and chapters of hadith. (4) Hukm of hadith. 5. HADITH WEBSITES 5.1. Al-Durar Al-Saniyyah Website It is a scientific website that provides information on da wah without a goal to reap any benefits ( 13 Jan 2018, 6.15pm). The policy clearly demonstrates the writers commitment in sharing diverse areas of knowledge with readers. Thus, Al-Durar al- Saniyyah does not only promises to ease the process of finding hadith, but it also includes several other scientific encyclopedia, namely Mawsu ah al- Aqidah, Mawsu ah al-adyan, Mawsu ah al-hadithiyyah, Mawsu ah al-fiqhiyyah, Mawsu ah al-tarikhiyyah, Mawsu ah al- Madhahib al-fikriyyah al-mu asarah, and Mawsu ah al-firq al-muntasibah li al-islam ( 13 Jan 2018, 6.27pm). Al-Durar al-saniyyah was selected as the website s name for it means a glowing precious jewel, hence the choice of kalimah reflects these writers desires, expectations and ideals so that it will benefit others as the name it holds ( 13 Jan 2018, 6.43pm). It was supervised by Shaykh 'Alwi bin' Abd al-qadir bin Muhammad bin Hadi al- Saqqaf ( 13 Jan 2018, 6.45pm). Features of al-durar al-saniyyah Website: (1) It collects as many as 583 books covering several science of hadith disciplines, such kutub mutun al-hadith, kutub syuruh al-hadith, editor@iaeme.com

7 The Convenience of Takhrij Al-Hadith Through Ict Apps: an Exploratory Analysis on Selected Hadith Website and Mobile Apps kutub ulum al-hadith, kutub ilal wa al-su alat, kutub al-takhrij, kutub al-tafasir, kutub al- Rijal, kutub al-fiqh, etc. ( 13 Jan 2018, 7.04pm). Through these books, it has uploaded almost 300,000 hadith ( 13 Jan 2018, 7.05pm) including repeated hadith, along with its hukm. (2) The hadith search engine has several divisions, such as: Al-Muhaddith: The names of authors or ulama who judged hadith. Al-Kitāb: Names of book. Khiyarat al-bahth: 5 methods that define the diversity of search results. Bahth al-mutabiq: To get accurate search results with word or parable of hadith sought. Al-Jami': The choice of hukm categories weather they are authentic hadith, hadith with authentic isnad, hadith which are da if, hadith where its isnad are da if or users can choose all aspects of the word. (3) The process of finding the original hadith, 'default' without adding khiyarat al-bahth and bahth al-mutabiq is in the form of: Kalimah al-mutabaqah: Hadith search by accurate word to illustrate, hadith search using the word صدق will come up with hadith with word صدق without the addition of بالصدق or صدقة and others similar to it. The total of al-mutabaqah: Hadith search based on careful cross section. For example انما الا عمال بالنية will produce a reliable hadith excerpt without the addition of انما الا عمال بالنيات and so on. Ajza' al- صلاة صوم Mutabaqah: Hadith search based on the precise word excerpt. To illustrate, the word will result in a hadith that possess the exact kalimah in one matan without any addition of 2013). and etc (Zulkipli & Suliaman الصلاة, بالصلاة, الصلوات, الصوم, بالصوم Search Results for al-durar al-saniyyah Website: (1) Book/ Masdar al-hadith as well as a brief description of the author's name, tahqiq al-kitab, publisher, number of prints, the year it was printed and specific field that the book covers. (2) The narrator of Hadith (rawi al-a la). (3) Matan Hadith. (4) The result of hukm hadith Islamweb Website A da wah website in line with manhaj ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama ah. It does not specify the science of hadith alone, in fact it covers some of the scope of study from other sciences, namely aqidah, al-quran, fiqah, sirah, issues concerning the uniqueness and the call of Islam such as the stories of new brothers in Islam, the queerness of the production of goods based on Islamic concept and others ( emainpage/ index.php?page=aboutus, 13 Jan 2018, 12.02am). Islamweb is both simple and comprehensive, making it a valuable website in addition to having its own strength in the internet space. It does not only shares the information taken from kitāb, fatwas, pamphlets, and audio, but also offers consulting services for health, culture, and family institution. It is an attempt to link the reality of Islamic worldview to visitors from around the world. Besides that, Islamweb is trying to highlight all segments of society based on manhaj ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama ah and fulfill the fundamentals of Islam ( article&id=13341, 13 Jan 2018, 12.22am). The name Islamweb was chosen to indicate that it is a website which uphold the values of Islamic sciences across the globe either to Muslim or non-muslim (Zulkipli, 2012). Islamweb s main supervisor is Dr. Muhammad Salah Dusuqi aided by al-sayyid Ali Ubayd Ali Mihran and al-sayyid Ahmad Hasan al-maliki. Mawsu ah al-hadith has been produced in collaboration with over 350 dedicated researchers in the field of hadith and ulum al-syar iyyah (al-riyadi, 2010). Features of Islamweb Website: (1) Merging of 1400 kitāb including 543 manuscripts that have yet to be published. The kitāb is comprised of 18 debates on science of: Ajza wa Fawa id, Tarajum wa Tawarikh, Sunan wa Muwatta at, Sihah wa Mustakhrajat, Ulum al-hadith, Masanid, Ma ajim wa Masyikhat, Mawdu at, Musannaf wa Jawami, Akhlak, Amali, Tafsir al- Qur an, Zuhud wa Raqa iq, Sirah wa Syama il, Manaqib al-sahabah, Ulum al-qur an, editor@iaeme.com

8 Ishak Suliaman, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Norazmi Anas, Amin Che Ahmat, Nurul Hidayah Aziz and Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob Aqidah and Fiqh. (2) Collected as many as 700 thousand hadith narration with brief of hukm hadith, criticism of the narrators in the chain, as well as facilitates searches the diversity of sanad from similar matan hadith or pronouncement of the same meaning through takhrij and syawahid. (3) Gathered almost 70 thousand translations by al-rawi. (4) Provides four search options covering searches for hadith and narrator. The search engine includes: a) Kutub jawami al-kalim is a search engine for the main hadith that will display the search results encompassing matan hadith, narrators, masdar al-hadith as well as the authors names and year of their demise, hukm hadith, syawahid and others to the users. The author will explain in detail on this later. b) Ruwah hadith jawami al-kalim features the introduction of hadith narrators. The search results will present a general introduction of the narrators, the criticism of jarah wa ta dil scholar on them, teachers and students, as well as narrators information contained in the kitāb Tahdhib al-kamal by al-mizzi which include 5 elements of preludes namely ta rif am, jarah wa al- Adalah, al-syuyukh, al-talamidh, and Tahdhib al-kamal. c) Al-Bahth al-mutaqaddim li al-ruwah on the other hand is a search engine specifically for narrators of hadith with multiple choice categories. It provides a free option services to the users either to find narrators by their names, place of residence, place of birth, place of death, year of death, status (thiqah, maqbul, saduq, kadhdhab and so on), nasab, laqab, mazhab, books written, and others. d) Al-Bahth al-mutaqaddim li al-hadith is like the previous column which provides freedom for users whether to search for hadith that is inline with nu al-sunnah (Qawliyyah, Fi liyyah, Taqririyyah and Syamail), nu al-hadith (Qudsi and Marfu ) or al- Hukm ala al-hadith (Sahih, Hasan, Da if and Mawdu ). (5) Matan and sanad are categorized using several colours. Each color represents a number of aspects. Red: The narrators of hadith who narrated their hadith to the book authors (al-muhaddith). It also pointed out the hukm hadith. Dark blue: Narrators sahabah or hadith s rawi al-a la. Dark Red: Narrators of hadith in the chain of sanad. Teal: Sahabah s names in matan hadith. Blue: Allah s.w.t. commandments in hadith Qudsi or Qur anic verses in the matan that explain on asbab al-nuzul or interpretation. Green: Matan hadith is Rasulullah s.a.w. s words or those that reflect his behaviour. If in a single matan, it was found that there were words from sahabah, e.g. their questions to him, it will then be colored in black. Purple: Pronouncement of tahammul al- Hadith haddathana, an anah, sami tu, and others. Results for Islamweb Website: (1) Kitab/Masdar al-hadith. (2) Sanad Hadith. (3) Matan Hadith. (4) Biography of narrators along with the 5 elements of introduction covering ta rif am, al-jarh wa al- Adalah, al-syuyukh, al-talamidh, and Tahdhib al-kamal. (5) Ranks of hadith in the kitāb. (6) Identify the rank of hadith in other kitāb through takhrij link besides other links like syawahid, atraf and al-asanid to assist in understanding hadith s syawahid and mutaba at. (7) Types of hadith based on sanad. (8) Hukm hadith Mawqi Al-Islam Website This website was developed by Harf Information Technology Company in year 1997 under the control of Wizarah al-syu'un al-islamiyyah wa al-awqaf wa al-da'wah wa al-irsyad, Saudi Arabia. It covers a number of encyclopedias like Mawsu ah al-quran, Mawsu ah al-hadith, Mawsu ah al-fiqh, Mawsu ah al-sirah, and Mawsu ah al-aqidah. However, this website only has 16 kitāb comprising of kutub al-tis ah as well as 7 kitāb of lecture which were supervised by Syeikh Salih b. Abd al- Aziz b. Muhammad b. Ibrahim. Features of Mawqi Al-Islam Website: (1) Provide access to seven languages, namely Arabic, Malay language, Indonesian language, Turkish language, English, German language and French language. (2) Contains almost 500,000 pages covering various fields of science such as the Quran, hadith, fiqh, sirah and aqidah. (3) Among the kitāb of hadith which are editor@iaeme.com

9 The Convenience of Takhrij Al-Hadith Through Ict Apps: an Exploratory Analysis on Selected Hadith Website and Mobile Apps provided through Mawsu ah al-hadith is Sahih al-bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-tirmizi, Sunan al-nasa i, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan Ibn Majah, Musnad Ahmad, Muwatta Malik, Sunan al-darimi. (4) Facilities hadith lectures through kitāb such as Fath al-bari, Syarah Nawawi ala Muslim, Tuhfah al-ahwadhi, Syarah Sunan al-nasa i and Syarah Sunan Ibn Majah by al-sundi, Syarah Sunan al-nasa i by al-suyuti, Ta liqah al-hafiz Ibn al-qayyim ala Sunan Abi Dawud and al-muntaqa by Abi al-walid al-bahi. Mawqi al-islam Search Results: (1) Source of Hadith (2) Sanad Hadith. (3) Matan Hadith. (4) Rank of hadith in the kitāb. (5) Identify the rank of hadith in other kitāb through the takhrij link. (6) Hukm hadith is only stated in Sunan al-tirmizi and only several other lecture kitāb. 6. ANALYSIS OF HADITH THROUGH SEARCH RESULTS The analysis on information access of hadith was done to identify the best apps that can be used by researchers in the hadith takhrij process. Although it is somehow limited to certain kitab, it can still be useful for the researchers to get information on hadith. Assessment of hadith information is based on a few takhrij objectives: I. To dentify the rank of a certain hadith in reference to the original sources. II. To dentify narrators of hadith by looking at their rank from the point of al-jarh wa al-ta dil. III. To clarify the sanad and matan of a hadith. IV. To identify the rank and status of hadith from the point of view of sahih or da if, accepted or rejected. V. To identify the condition of hadith and its types by observing the elements incorporated in sanad and matan. Thus, the authors came up with nine hadith information necessary to meet the above objectives. Among them are: I. Sources of hadith II. The rank of hadith in the kitāb and chapters III. Chain of sanad IV. Matan hadith V. Syawahid and mutaba at VI. Biographies of narrators VII. Types of hadith based on sanad VIII. Types of hadith based on matan IX. Hukm hadith In reference to Table 1 below, the search results rendered by the Encyclopedia of 9 Imam Apps have fulfilled all the necessary information needed. It has provided access to sources of hadith, rank of hadith in kitāb and chapters, the chain of sanad, matan hadith, rank of hadith in other kitāb that allows researchers to review syawahid and mutaba at, biographies of narrators from the point of view of jarh wa ta dil, types of hadith based on the condition of sanad and matan, as well as hukm hadith. Next in line is the Islamweb website where almost all information can be access except those type of hadith based on matan. Al-Kutub al-tis ah on the other hand provides easy access to the six aspects of hadith information excluding the types of hadith hadith that are based on sanad and matan. Mawsu ah al-hadis al-nabawi al-syarif apps for instance, met the six criteria required and followed by Mawqi al-islam that provides editor@iaeme.com

10 Ishak Suliaman, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Norazmi Anas, Amin Che Ahmat, Nurul Hidayah Aziz and Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob only 5 criteria. Al-Durar al-saniyyah website nevertheless merely provides on three aspects of hadith information. The analysis also found that mobile apps provide easy access to hadith information which is by far more comprehensive as compared to website apps. However, if a comparison is made based on the number of kitāb and hadith available then the mobile aplications can be seen as backward. The Encyclopedia of 9 Imam apps has listed a total of 63,000 hadith in its hadith collection in comparison to the al-kutub al-tis'ah apps (62,168 hadith). Furthermore, the Al- Durar al-saniyyah website has uploaded almost 300,000 hadith, while Islamweb with 700,000 sanad hadith. Hence, it certainly provides a wider search and delivers greater results for the evaluation and access of researchers. Thus, the authors concluded that although Encyclopedia of 9 Imam apps is viewed as the best apps that can be used to simplify the access to hadith information in electronic media, still the researchers will tend to choose the website apps as the search medium for hadith for it has a bigger collection of both kitāb and hadith. No. Hadith Information Table 1: The analysis of results on all four ICT apps Encyclopedia of 9 Imams Mawsu ah al-hadith al-nabawi al-syarif Al- Kutub al- Tis ah Al- Durar al- Saniyyah Islamweb Mawqi al- Islam 1. Source of Hadith 2. Rank of Hadith x 3. Sanad (Rawi al-a la only ) 4. Matan 5. Syawahid/Mutabaat x x Biographies of 6. narrators (al-jarh x x x wa Ta dil) 7. Types of Hadith Based on Sanad x x x x 8. Types of Hadith Based on Matan x x x x x 9. Hukm Hadith 7. CONCLUSION The ICT apps namely Encyclopedia of 9 Imam, Kutub al-tis ah, Mawsu ah al-hadith al- Nabawi al-syarif, al-durar al-saniyyah, Mawqi al-islam and Islamweb are apps that provide the means to have a quick hadith access in electronic media. It has led one of the categories in hadith implementation that is educational in nature on the information access for hadith texts. The study also found that the Encyclopedia of 9 Imams apps is the top apps available with a number of advantages. Nevertheless, the website apps are far ahead in the number of kitāb and hadith that somehow give them an upper hand to accommodate the researchers needs for hadith access in a wider scale. Consequently, these researchers will be more incline to utilize the website instead of mobile apps. All of these apps have been successful in harmonizing progress of hadith implementation in electronic media with the advantages and services that facilitate the apps of science of takhrij al-hadith. The effort done on this ICT apps should be editor@iaeme.com

11 The Convenience of Takhrij Al-Hadith Through Ict Apps: an Exploratory Analysis on Selected Hadith Website and Mobile Apps the starting point for further venture and planning by authorities to develop better apps to empower and uphold the Sunnah in the era of ICT. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The study is fully sponsored by University Malaya s allocation to the Department of Malaysian Studies (DMS) at Cairo University under the research project of Digital Hadith in 2007 & 2018 lead by The Director of DMS i.e. Associate Professor Dr. Ishak Suliaman. REFERENCES [1] Abadi, M. A. L. K. Takhrij al-hadith Nasyatuhu wa Manhajiyatuhu. Bangi: Dar Syakir (2005). [2] Abd, A. M. M. A. Kasf al-litham Al-Asrar Takhrij Hadith Sayid al-anam. Kahirah: Maktabah al-azhar, (1984). [3] Al-Riyadi. Wazir al-awqaf Yadsyunu Akbar Mawsu ah fi al-hadith al-nabawi, 7, (2010): 7. [4] Kamal, S. A. B. S. Y. Pembelajaran Masa Depan - Mobile Learning (M-Learning) Di Malaysia, Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, (2008). [5] Karkar, A., Alja'am, J. M., Eid, M., & Sleptchenko, A. (2015). E-LEARNING MOBILE APPLICATION FOR ARABIC LEARNERS. Journal of Educational & Instructional Studies in the World, 5(2), (2015): [6] Masum, A. K. M., Ullah, M.C., & Azad, M. A. K. (2011). Information Technology (IT) Ethics in the Light of Islam. IIUC STUDIES, 9, (2011): [7] Razzak, M. A. & Rahim, N. M. Z. A. Memasyarakatkan Ilmu Takhrij Hadith Pada Khalayak Penulis Di Malaysia, In Shah, F. A. et al., Takhrij Hadith Di Nusantara, Keperluan Masa Kini. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan al-quran and al-hadith, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, (2011): [8] Salih, S. Ulum al-hadith wa Mustalahuhu. Tim Pustakan Firdaus (terj.), Jakarta: Pustakan Firdaus, (2007). [9] Shah, F. A. Takhrij hadith: teknik pencarian hadith yang tepat dan berkesan. Jabatan Al- Quran dan Al-Hadith, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, (2010). [10] Shahril, N. Z., Muhammad, F. M. F., & Suliaman, I. Pembelajaran capaian teks Hadith berautoriti di internet: kajian terhadap laman sesawang Islamweb. In Deraman, F. et.al (Ed.), Sunnah Nabi Realiti dan Cabaran Semasa, Kuala Lumpur, Jabatan al-quran dan al- Hadith, APIUM, (2011): [11] Shiratuddin, N. Evaluation of e-book applications using ISO In Technology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET), 2015 International Symposium on (pp ). IEEE, (2015). [12] Siddiqui, M. A., Saleh, M. E., & Bagais, A. A. (2014). Extraction and Visualization of the Chain of Narrators from Hadiths using Named Entity Recognition and Classification. Int. J. Comput. Linguist. Res, 5(1), (2014): [13] Zulkipli, S. N. & Suliaman, I. H. Autoriti hadis di Internet. Penerbit Universiti Malaya, (2013). [14] Zulkipli, S. N. Pemeliharaan Hadith di Internet: kajian terhadap laman web al-durar alsaniyyah dan Islamweb/Shahril Nizam bin Zulkipli (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya), (2012). [15] Zulkipli, S.N., Yaacob, Z., Anas, N., Syukri, M., Noor, M., Abidin, M.Z.H.Z., Ahmat, A.C. and Yakob, M.A. Takhrij al-hadith via Mobile Apps: Study of 9 Imam Encyclopedia, Kutub Tis ah and Mawsu ah al-hadith al-nabawi al-syarif. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 7(6), (2017): [16] Zulkipli, S.N.B., Yaacob, Z., Raub, T.R.A.S., Anas, N.B., Noor, M.S.B.M., Abidin, M.Z.H.B.Z., Jamil, W.K.N.B.W. and Yakob, A.B. Takhrij al-hadith Via Websites: A editor@iaeme.com

12 Ishak Suliaman, Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Anaztasia Natasha Muhamad Ramlan, Norazmi Anas, Amin Che Ahmat, Nurul Hidayah Aziz and Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob Study of al-durar al-saniyyah, Mawqi al-islam and Islamweb. International Journal of Sciences and Research 73(4), (2017):