The Prophetic Tradition

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Gervais Hart
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discussed: Sihah Sittah Sahih Bukhari Sahih Muslim Jami

1 بسم االله الرحمن الرحيم The Prophetic Tradition Intro to Hadith Sciences Mufti Javed Iqbal Lesson 4 To be discussed: Sihah Sittah Sahih Bukhari Sahih Muslim Jami a at Tirmidhi Sunan Abi Dawud Sunan Nasa i Sunan Ibn Majah 1

2 Sahih Bukhari: Author: Muhammad ibn Isma il ibn Ibrahim al Ju fee al Bukhari was born in 194ah in Bukhara a place in Uzbekistan. Many scholars (of hadith) were from lands distant from Makkah and Madinah and Allah chose these people and utilized them for the service of this Deen. He began to study Hadith before he turned ten years old. When he was young he lost his sign and his Mother saw in a dream that Ibrahim (alaihi salaam) told her that Allah restored his sight due to her crying out to Allah and making Du a as she would cry to Allah and make du a abundantly that He would restore her sons eyesight. And through her imploring and trusting in Allah, Allah restored his eyesight while he was still a young boy. And when she woke her sons eyesight had indeed been restored. It was much due to her dedication and supplication that he was able to become the great person that we know him to be. Imam Bukhari was blessed with a remarkable memory. He travelled to many different lands in pursuit of studying Hadith having studied with over one thousand scholars. He passed away in 256ah. Sahih al Bukhari was written due to the encouragement of his teacher, Ishaq ibn Rahooya, who mentioned the desire that someone would compile a collection of the hadith of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and compile something on the Sunnah and so Sahih al Bukhari was a fulfillment of that desire. Also it was due to a dream that he saw in which he was standing with the prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he was fanning flies away from the prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. He went to a person skilled in dream interpretation and asked the meaning, to which the person replied that he would be one who repels lies away from the prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. 2

3 Sahih Bukhari was written over a 16 year period, from 600,000 hadith that imam Bukhari had memorized, learned and recorded. 600,000 hadith doesn t mean 600,000 different wordings it also includes different chains of narration, various wordings, etc. All of the hadith in Sahih Bukhari are compiled upon very stringent criteria all hadith are authentic and within stipulated conditions to get rid of any doubt. Sahih Bukhari contains approximately 7,400 hadith including repetitions. Special Features of Sahih Bukhari: Declared the most authentic book after the Qur an Unique display of Imam Bukhari s intelligence in the title chapters Imam Bukhari performed Ghusl and prayed two raka at and Istikhara before adding any hadith to this compilation Over 90,000 people heard Sahih Bukhari hear the sahih directly from Imam Bukhari Received/Receives the most attention from Hadith scholars. Sahih Muslim Author: Muslim ibn al Hajjaj al Qushayri an Naysaburi was born in 204ah in Nishapur in the area of Khurasan which falls under the land of Iran. He travelled far and wide in pursuit of Hadith/studying with many great scholars including Imam Bukhari and Imam Ahmed. A common trait among the muhaditheen is that when they would hear of great muhaditheen, the would go to them despite the distance, and take Hadith from them. He was engaged in a discussion about hadith and a certain hadith was mentioned which Imam Muslim had not heard, so he began searching through his collections. During his searching, someone placed before him a sack of dates which he began eating one by one and due to his intense focus in his Hadith studies, he completed the 3

4 entire sack of dates y the time he had found the hadith and this is said to be the cause of his demise having passed away in 261ah. He compiled his sahih from 300,000 hadith not all separate hadith; 7,275 hadith including repetitions (approximately 4000 excluding reps). Sahih Muslim is among the Jam i collection according to the most accurate opinion. It was compiled over a period of 15 years and Imam Muslim emulated his teacher Imam Bukhari in exclusively compiling authentic hadith although his conditions were not quite as stringent. Special Features of Sahih Muslim: Muqaddimah of Sahih Muslim Exclusively narrated Hadith, w/o any opinions or statements No chapter headings Different chains of narration of a Hadith along with the variant wordings, all in one place. Extreme care with wording of hadith and chain of narrators {he would be very specific about making sure the wording is accurate as it came to him} Jami a at Tirmidhi: Author: Abu Isa Muhammad ibn Sawra al Tirmidhi was born in 210ah in Termedh, a town in Uzbekistan. Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, and Imam Ahmed were from his teachers Imam Bukhari being one of his greatest teachers whom he often quotes. Imam Bukhari said about Imam Tirmidhi: What I have benefitted from you is better than what you have benefitted from me. 4

5 Imam Tirmidhi was known for his piety, abstinence and remarkable memory. He lost his eyesight toward the end of his life due to excessive crying out of fear of Allah. And he passed away in 297ah. Jami a at Tirmidhi is both from the Sunan collection, as well as the Jam i collection. It contains approximately 4,000 hadith and he included not just authentic hadith but also Hasan and weak hadith. This book is mostly self explanatory and does not need much of an explanation. Special Features of Jam i at Tirmidhi: Imam Tirmidhi brings a hadith under a particular chapter then lists the names of the Sahaba who have narrated hadith containing the same subject matter. He details the opinions of the Faqih He explains the rank of the hadith, explaining some subtle points about the narrators and their names and also explains any weaknesses in the hadith. At times he explains the meaning of the hadith, either his own explanation or that of another Imam. Sunan Abu Dawud: Author: Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al Ash ath al Azdi as Sijistani was born in 202ah in Sijistan, a place in Afghanistan. After studying in his own homeland, he traveled exclusively seeking knowledge. Among his teachers were Imams Ahmed, Yahya ibn Ma eey Qutayba ibn Sa eed, Sa eed ibn Mansoor, Uthman ibn Abu Shayba and others. He was declared the undisputed Imam of his time in Hadith. He passed away in 275ah in Basra, Iraq. Sunan Abi Dawud was compiled over a 20 year period. His objective in this collection 5

6 was to compile the Hadith which the Fuqaha have used as evidences in their opinions and he established the chapter headings accordingly. This collection contains about 4,800 hadith. Special Features of Sunan Abi Dawud: Its special focus is on hadith related to Fiqh Indispensable for a person studying Fiqh and the different schools of Fiqh Imam Abu Dawud ensured that he did not narrate from unanimously discarded narrators. He explained the weakness behind the hadith which he mentioned that contained weakness. Sunan an Nasa i: Author: Imam Abu Abdal Rahman Ahmad ibn Shuayb al Nasa i was born in 215ah in Nasa, a place in Khurasan, an area which is part of Iran extending into Afghanistan. He traveled extensively in search of Hadith and studied under great scholars, some being the teachers of Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. He was ranked among the leaders in the science of Hadith. He passed away in 303ah in Ramala, Palestine (or according to some reports, Makkah). There s a story that goes with his demise that he was abused in a particular Masjid due to a lecture that he had given. Imam Nasa i first authored al Sunan al Khubra which contained both authentic and weak hadith. Thereafter, he condensed it into al Sunaan al Saghira by removing the weak narrations. It s comprises over 5,700 hadith. 6

7 Special Features: Contains least weak narrations after Sahih Bukhari and Muslim Chapter headings are filled with beneficial points of fiqh, displaying his insight. He took great attention in explaining the subtle defects in the hadiths. Sunan Ibn Majah: Author: Imam Muhammad ibn Yazeed ibn Majah al Qazwini was born in 207ah in the land of Qazwini. He traveled extensively seeking knowledge and he was considered among the experts in the hadith sciences. And he passed away in 273ah. Sunan Ibn Majah consists of over 4,300 hadith. It was not originally included in the Sihah Sittah there were originally only 5 books. Some thought the Muwatta of Imam Malik should ve been the sixth book and other scholars thought it should be the Sunan of Imam al Darimi. It was an Imam by the name of Ibnu Tahir who added Ibn Majah s collection into the Sihah Sittah and others followed suit. Sunan Ibn Majah contains the most questionable narrations out of all 6 books. Special Features of Sunan Ibn Majah: Over 1000 hadith not included in any of the other 6 books {Based on this, it was added as the 6th book} It s an excellent book on Fiqh An introduction containing 230 hadith regarding principles of Islam and importance of the Sunnah 7

8 Questions Regarding the Sihah Sittah: Are all the hadith in the Sihah Sittah authentic? No not all of them. Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim have hadith within them that have discrepancies in them. It is called Sihah Sittah because overall these collections are authentic. What is the madhab of the 6 authors? These Imams didn t follow the madhahib as a person does in these days, due to their incredible knowledge. They may have been inclined towards a particular madhab but they didn t follow a madhab as we understand it today. Is there a particular order of the books? Looking at the authenticity, Bukhari is the most authentic and Sunan Ibn Majah comes at the end. Each Imam had a different perspective from which they came. 8

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