t::ò c:ðnm:ð v:xy:et: n: v:ò j:at:ø y:ø\m:akem:m:ö keá:dï b:òé:ð½ö j:ðt:ðet: ðe. p:àcc g:ag:iüet: AT: h v:ac:vn:vy:øv:ac: b:òaén:a B:g:v:nt::ð

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1 AT: h v:ac:vn:vy:øv:ac: b:òaén:a B:g:v:nt::ð hnt:ahem:m:ö ¾:ò )Sn::ò )xy:aem:. atha ha vācaknavy uvāca brāhmaṇā ā bhagavanto hantāham imaṃ dvau praśnau prakṣyāmi Then the daughter of Vachaknu said, 'Revered Brahmans, I shall him two questions. t::ò c:ðnm:ð v:xy:et: n: v:ò j:at:ø y:ø\m:akem:m:ö keá:dï b:òé:ð½ö j:ðt:ðet: ðe. p:àcc g:ag:iüet: tau cen me vivakṣyati na vai jātu yuṣmākam imaṃ kaścid brahmodyaṃ jeteti pṛccha gārgīti Should he answer me those, none of you can ever beat him in describing Brahman.' 'Ask, O Gargi'. s:a h:ðv:ac:ahö v:ò tv:a y:awv:lvy: y:t:a kasy::ð v:a v:òdðh:ð ð v::ðg:òp:ø*: ujjy:ö D:n:reD:jy:ö D:n:ØreD:jy: ktv:a kátv:a sā hovāca -- ahaṃ vai tvā yājñavalkya yathā kāśyo vāā vaideho vograputra ujjyaṃ dhanur adhijyaṃ kṛtvā ¾:ò b:an:v:nt::ò s:p:tn:aet:vy:aed:n::ò hst:ð kátv::ðp::ðe :ÅðdÏ ðe ð dvau bāṇavantauṇ sapatnātivyādhinau haste kṛtvopottiṣṭhed... carrying in his hand two bamboo-tipped arrows highly painful to the enemy... She said, 'As a man of Banaras or the King of Videha might string his unstrung bow and appear close by...

2 Ov:m:ðv:ahö tv:a ¾aBy:aö )Sn:aBy:am:Øp::ðdsT:aö. t::ò m:ð b:òühiet:. p:àcc g:ag:iüet: s:a h:ðv:ac: y:dýdv:üm:î y:awv:lvy: edv::ð y:dv:avp:àet:vy:a y:dnt:ra ½av:ap:àeT:v:i Em:ð evam evāhaṃ tvā dvābhyāṃ praśnābhyām upodasthām tau me brūhīti pṛccha gārgīti... even so, O Yajnavalkya, do I confront you with two questions. Answer me those'. sā hovāca -- yad ūrdhvaṃ yājñavalkya divo yad avāk pṛthivyā yad antarā dyāv-āpṛthivī ime She said, 'By what, O Yajnavalkya, is that pervaded which is above heaven and below the earth... 'Ask, O Gargi'. y:»üt:ö c: B:v:cc: B:ev:\y:cc:ðty:ac:x:t:ð kesm:úst:d:ðt:ö c: ):ðt:ö c:ðet: s: h:ðv:ac: y:dýdv:üm:î g:aeg:ü edv::ð y:dv:avp:àet:vy:a y:dnt:ra ½av:ap:àeT:v:i Em:ð yad bhūtaṃ ca bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ācakṣate kasmiṃs tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ceti sa hovāca -- yad ūrdhvaṃ gārgi g divo yad avāk pṛthivyā yad antarā dyāv-āpṛthivī ime... which is this heaven and earth as well as between them, and which they say was, is and will be?' He said, 'That, O Gargi, which is above heaven and below the earth, which is this heaven and earth as well as between them...

3 y:»üt:ö c: B:v:cc: B:ev:\y:cc:ðty:ac:x:t: A:kaS:ð t:d:ðt:ö c: ):ðt:ö c:ðet: yad bhūtaṃṃ ca bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ācakṣata ākāśe tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ceti... and which they say was, is and will be, is pervaded by space.' s:a h:ðv:ac: n:m:st:ð st:ø y:awv:lvy: y::ð m: Ot:ö vy:v::ðc::ð ð p:rsm:ò D:ary:sv:ðet:. p:cc p:àcc g:ag:iüet: g:ag:iet: sā hovaca -- namas te 'stu yājñavalkya yo ma etaṃṃ vyavoco 'parasmai dhārayasveti pṛccha gārgīti She said, 'I bow to you, Yajnavalkya, who have fully answered this question of mine. Now be ready for the other question.' 'Ask, O Gargi". s:a h:ðv:ac: y:dýdv:üm:î y:awv:lvy: edv::ð y:dv:akï p:àet:vy:a y:dnt:ra ½av:ap:àeT:v:i Em:ð y:»üt:ö c: B:v:cc: B:ev:\y:cc:ðty:ac:x:t:ð kesm:úst:d:ðt:ö c: ):ðt:ö c:ðet: sā hovāca -- yad ūrdhvaṃ yājñavalkya y divo yad avāk pṛthivyā yad antarā dyāv-āpṛthivī ime yad bhūtaṃṃ ca bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ācakṣate kasmiṃs tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ceti She said, 'By what, O Yajnavalkya, is that pervaded which is above heaven and below the earth which is this heaven and earth as well as between them, and which they say was, is and will be?'

4 s: h:ðv:ac: y:dýdv:üm:î g:aeg:ü edv::ð y:dv:avp:àet:vy:a y:dnt:ra ½av:ap:àeT:v:i Em:ð sa hovāca -- yad ūrdhvaṃ gārgi g divo yad avāk pṛthivyā yad antarā dyāv-āpṛthivī ime He said, 'That, O Gargi, which is above heaven and below the earth, which is this heaven and earth as well as between them... y:»üt:ö c: B:v:cc: B:ev:\y:cc:ðty:ac:x:t: A:kaS: Ov: t:d:ðt:ö c: ):ðt:ö c:ðet:. kesm:àø K:lv:akaS: A:ðt:Á: A:t:Á: ):ðt:á:ðet: ):t:á:et: yad bhūtaṃ ca bhavac ca bhaviṣyac cety ācakṣata ākāśa eva tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ceti kasmin nu khalv ākāśa otaś ca protaś ceti... and which they say was, is and will be, is pervaded by space alone.' 'By what is space pervaded?' s: h:ðv:ac:òt:¾ò t:dx:rm:î g:aeg:ü b:òaén:a AeB:v:dnty:Î AsT:Ül:m:n:Nv:Î AÆsv:m:diG:üm:Î sa hovāca -- etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam adīrgham He said: O Gargi, the knowers of Brahman say, this Immutable (Brahman) is that. It is neither gross nor minute, neither short nor long... Al::ðeht:m:sn:ðhm:Î AcCay:m:t:m::ð v:ayv:n:akas:m:î As: m:î Ars:m:Î Ag:nD:m:Î Ac:x:\km: Ac:x:Ø\km:Î AÂ::ð*:m: AÂ::*:m:Î alohitam asneham acchāyam atamo 'vāyv anākāśam asaṅgam arasam agandham acakṣuṣkamṣ ṣ aśrotram... neither red color nor oiliness, neither shadow nor darkness, neither air nor space, unattached, neither savor nor odor, without eyes or ears...

5 Av:ag:Î Am:n::ð t:ðj:skm:î A)aN:m:Î Am:ØK:m:Î Am:a*:m:Î An:nt:rm:Î Ab:aÊö n: t:dsn:aet: eköc:n:.n: t:dsn:aet: ká:n: na tad aśnāti kiṃcana na tad aśnāti kaścana avāg amano 'tejaskam aprāṇam ṇ amukham amātram anantaram abāhyam... it does not eat anything, nor is it eaten by anybody.... without the vocal organ or mind, non-luminous, without the vital force or mouth, not a measure, and without interior or exterior... Ot:sy: v:a Ax:rsy: )S:as:n:ð g:aeg:ü s:üy:üc:ndóm:s::ò ev:d:àt::ò et:åt: Ot:sy: v:a Ax:rsy: )S:as:n:ð g:aeg:ü ½av:ap:àeT:vy::ò ev:d:àt:ð et:åt: etasya vā akṣarasyaṣ praśāsane gārgi g sūrya-candramasau vidhṛtau tiṣṭhata etasya vā akṣarasyaṣ praśāsane gārgi g dyāv-āpṛthivyau vidhṛte tiṣṭhata the sun and moon are held in their positions. heaven and earth maintain their positions.

6 Ot:sy: v:a Ax:rsy: )S:as:n:ð g:aeg:ü en:m:ð\:a m:øhþt:aü Ah:ðra*:aNy:D:üm:as:a m:as:a?t:v:h s:v:ts:ra s:öv:ts:ra Eet: ev:d:t:aest:åent: ev:d:àt:aest:åent: etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi nimeṣā muhūrtā ahorātrāṇy ardhamāsā māsā ṛtavaḥ saṃvatsarā iti vidhṛtās tiṣṭhanti moments, muhurtas, days and nights, fortnights, months, seasons and years are held in their respective places. Ot:sy: v:a Ax:rsy: )S:as:n:ð g:aeg:ü )acy::ð ny:a n:½h sy:ndnt:ð Ã:ðt:ðBy:H ð p:v:üt:ðby:h etasya vā akṣarasyaṣ praśāsane gārgi g prācyo 'nyā nadyaḥ syandante śvetebhyaḥ parvatebhyaḥ some rivers flow eastward from the snowy mountains... )t:icy::ð ny:a y:aö y:aö c: eds:m:n:ø pratīcyo 'nyāā yāṃ yāṃ ca diśam anu Ot:sy: v:a Ax:rsy: )S:as:n:ð g:aeg:ü ddt::ð m:n:ø\y:ah )S:ús:ent: y:j:m:an:ö dðv:a dv:iüö ep:t:r:ð nv:ay: :ah ep:t:r: nv:ay: :ah others flowing westward continue in that direction, keeping to their respective courses. etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi dadato manuṣyāḥ praśasanti yajamānaṃ devā darvīṃ pitaro 'nvāyattāḥ men praise those that give, the gods depend on the sacrificer, and the manes on independent offerings.

7 y::ð v:a Ot:dx:rö g:agy:üev:edtv:a esm:úll::ðkñ j:øh:ðet: y:j:t:ð t:p:st:py:t:ð b:hþen: v:\:üs:h+aen: Ant:v:dðv:asy: t:»v:et: y::ð v:a Ot:dx:rm:Î g:agy:üev:edtv:a sm:all::ðkat)òet: e s: káp:n::ð. yo vā etad akṣaramṣ gārgy gy aviditvā 'smiṃ loke juhoti yajate tapas tapyate bahūni varṣa-sahasrāṇi He, O Gargi, who in this world, without knowing this Immutable, offers oblations in the fire, performs sacrifices and undergoes austerities even for many thousand years... antavad evāsya tad bhavati yo vā etad akṣaramṣ gārgy aviditvā 'smāl lokāt praitisakṛpaṇaḥ... finds all such acts but perishable. He, O Gargi, who departs from this world without knowing this Immutable, is miserable. AT: y: Ot:dx:rö g:aeg:ü ev:edtv:a sm:all::ðkat)òet: s: b:òaén:h t:¾a Ot:dx:rö g:agy:îü AdáÄö dóäá AÂ:Øt:ú Â::ðt*:m:t:ö m:n*:ev:wat:ö ev:wat:à atha ya etadakṣaraṃṣ ṃ gārgi g viditvā 'smāl lokāt praiti sa brāhmaṇaḥ tad vā etad akṣaraṃṣ ṃ gārgy gy adṛṣṭaṃ ṃ draṣṭṛ aśrutaṃ śrotṛ amataṃ mantṛ avijñātaṃ vijñātṛ But he, O Gargi, who departs from this world after knowing this Immutable, is a knower of Brahman. This Immutable, O Gargi, is never seen but is the Witness. It is never heard, but is the Hearer. It is never thought, but is the Thinker. It is never known, but is the Knower.

8 n:any:dt::ð est: dóäá n:any:dt::ð est: Â::ðt:à n:any:dt::ð est: m:nt:à n:any:dt::ð est: ev:wat:à Ot:esm:ÀØ K:lv:x:rð g:agy:îü A:kaS: A:ðt:Á: ):ðt:á:ðet: ðe nānyad ato 'sti draṣṭṛ nānyad ato 'sti śrotṛ nānyad ato 'sti mantṛ nānyad ato 'sti vijñātṛ etasmin nu khalv akṣareṣ gārgy gy ākāśa otaś ca protaś ca There is no other witness but This, no other hearer but This, no other thinker but This, no other knower but This. By this Immutable, O Gargi, is space pervaded. s:a h:ðv:ac: b:òaén:a B:g:v:nt:s:Î t:dðv: b:hú m:ny:ðdv:m:î y:dsm:aàm:skarðn: m:øcy:ðdv:m:î. n: v:ò j:at:ø y:ø\m:akem:m:ö keá:dïb:òé:ð½ö j:ðt:ðet: t:t::ð h v:ac:vn:vy:øp:rram: sā hovāca -- brāhmaṇāṇ bhagavantas tad eva bahu manyadhvaṃ yad asmān namaskāreṇa mucyedhvam She said, 'Revered Brahmans, you should consider yourselves fortunate if you can get off from him through salutations. na vai jātu yuṣmākam imaṃ kaścid brahmodyaṃ jeteti tato ha vācaknavy upararāma Never shall any of you beat him in describing Brahman'. Then the daughter of Vachaknu kept silent.

THE BRIHADARANYAKA UPANISHAD

THE BRIHADARANYAKA UPANISHAD SWAMI KRISHNANANDA DISCOURSE-19 (8 MARCH 1977) CHAPTER III Eighth Brahmana (contd.) There is a great mystery and order that we can observe in the workings of the world. The