j:n:k:ð h v:òdðh:ð b:húdex:n:ðn: y:wðn:ðj:ð. t:*: h kù,p:wc:al:an:aö b:òaén:a

Transcription

1 Brihadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3-1 Chapter 3 (Yājñavalkya Kāṇḍa) Section 1 - Āśvala Brāhmaṇa j:n:k:ð h v:òdðh:ð b:húdex:n:ðn: y:wðn:ðj:ð. t:*: h kù,p:wc:al:an:aö b:òaén:a AeB:s:m:ðt:a AeB:s:m:t:a b:b:v:h. b:b:üv:øh. janako ha vaideho bahu-dakṣiṇena yajñeneje tatrat ha kuru-pañcālānāṃ ā brāhmaṇā ā abhisametā babhūvuḥ Janaka, Emperor of Videha, performed a sacrifice in which gifts were freely distributed. Vedic scholars from Kuru and Panchala were assembled there. t:sy: h j:n:ksy: v:òdðhsy: ev:ej:was:a b:b:üv: kh esv:dð\:aö b:òaén:an:am:n:üc:an:t:m: Eet:. s: h g:v:aú s:h+m:v:,r:ðd: ds:ds: p:ada Okóksy:aH S:à y::ðrab:¹a b:b:üv:øh tasya ha janakasya vaidehasya vijijñāsā babhūva kaḥ svid eṣāṃ brāhmaṇānām anūcānatama iti Emperor Janaka of Videha had a desire to know, 'Which is the most erudite of these Vedic scholars?' sa ha gavāṃ ṃ sahasram avarurodha daśadaśa pādā ekaikasyāḥ śṛṅgayor ābaddhā babhūvuḥ He had a thousand cows confined in a pen, and on the horns of each cow were fixed ten Padas (of gold).

2 t:anh:ðv:ac: b:òaén:a B:g:v:nt::ð y::ð v::ð b:òeéåh s: Ot:a g:a udj:t:aem:et: e. tān hovāca brāhmaṇāṇ bhagavanto yo vo brahmiṣṭhaḥ sa etā gā udajatām iti He said to them, 'Revered Brahmanas, let him who is the best Vedic scholar among you drive these cows (home). t:ð h b:òaén:a n: dd:à\:ørî AT: h y:awv:lvy:h sv:m:ðv: b:òéc:aern:m:øv:ac:òt:ah s::òmy::ðdj: s:am:â:v:a3 Eet:. te ha brāhmaṇā na dadhṛṣuḥ atha ha yājñavalkyaḥ svam eva brahmacāriṇam uvāca etāḥ saumyodaja sāmaśravā iti None of the Brahmanas dared. Then Yajnavalkya said to a pupil of his, 'Dear Samasravas, please drive these cows (home). t:a h:ðdac:kar t:ð h b:òaén:aá:ø#ùd:øh kt:ö n:ø n::ð b:òeéå:ð b:òøv:it:ðty:î tā hodācakāra te ha brāhmaṇāś cukrudhuḥ kathaṃ nu no brahmiṣṭho bruvīteti He drove them. The Brahmanas were enraged. How does he dare to call himself the best Vedic scholar among us? AT: h j:n:ksy: v:òdðhsy: h:ðt:a Ã:l::ð b:b:üv:. s: hòn:ö p:)cc tv:ö n:ø K:l:Ø n::ð y:awv:lvy: b:òeéå: s:i3 b:eéå:ð s:i3 Eet:. atha ha janakasya vaidehasya hotāśvalo babhūva sa hainaṃ papraccha tvaṃ nu khalu no yājñavalkya brahmiṣṭho 'sī iti There was a Hotr of Emperor Janaka of Videha named Asvala. He now asked Yajnavalkya, 'Yajnavalkya, are you indeed the best Vedic scholar among us?'

3 s: h:ðv:ac: n:m::ð v:y:ö b:òeéåay: kùm::ü g::ðkam:a Ov: v:y:ú sm: Eet:. t:ú ht:t:ov: )Äö )ÄÙ dd:ð dd:ò h:ðt:aã:l:h h:t:aã:l:h sa hovāca namo vayaṃ brahmiṣṭhāya kurmo gokāmā eva vayaṃ sma iti taṃ ha tata eva praṣṭuṃ dadhre hotāśvalaḥ Brihadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3-4 Chapter 3 (Yājñavalkya Kāṇḍa) Section 4 - Uṣasta Brāhmaṇa Yajnavalkya replied, 'I bow to the best Vedic scholar, I just want the cows'. Thereupon the Hotr Asvala determined to interrogate him. AT: hòn:m:ù\:st:á:a#ay:n:h p:)cc y:awv:lvy:ðet: h:ðv:ac: y:ts:ax:adp:r:ðx:adï b:òé y: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rs:î t:ö m:ð vy:ac:xv:ð t: O\: t: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rh. atha hainam uṣastaś cākrāyaṇaḥ papraccha yājñavalkyeti hovāca Then Ushasta, the son of Chakra, asked him, 'Yajnavalkya', said he... yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma yaātmā sarvāntaras taṃ me vyācakṣveti eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ 'Explain to me the Brahman that is immediate and direct - the self that is within all.' 'This is your self that is within all'.

4 kt:m::ð y:awv:lvy: s:v:aünt:rh. y:h )an:ðn: )aen:et: e s: t: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rh. y::ð p:an:ðn:ap:aen:et: y:: p:an:n:ap:aen:et: s: t:a:tm:as:v:aünt:rh. s:v:ant:rh. y::ð vy:an:ðn: vy:aen:et: s: t: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rh. y: udan:ðn::ðdaen:et: ð e s: t: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rh. O\: t: A:tm:a s:v:ant:rh s:v:aünt:rh katamo yājñavalkya sarvāntaraḥ yaḥ prāṇena prāṇiti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ yo 'pānenāpāniti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ yo vyānena vyaniti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ ya udānenodaniti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ 1 'Which is within all, Yajnavalkya?' 'That which breathes through the Prana is your self that is within all. That which moves down through the Apana is your self that is within all. 'That which pervades through the Vyana is your self that is within all. That which goes out through the Udana is your self that is within all. This is your self that is within all.' s: h:ðv:ac::ð\:st:á:a#ay:n:h y:t:a ev:b:òüy:ads::ò g::òrî As:av:Ã: Ety:ðv:m:ðv:òt:¾Ðy:p:edÄö ð B:v:et:. y:dðv: s:ax:adp:r:ðx:adï b:òé y: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rh t: ö m:ð vy:ac:xv:ðet:. O\: t: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rh. sa hovācoṣastaś cākrāyaṇaḥ yathā vai brūyād asau gaur asāv aśva ity evam evaitad vyapadiṣṭaṃ ṃ bhavati yad eva sākṣād aparokṣād brahma yaātmā sarvāntaraḥ taṃ me vyācakṣveti eṣaṣ ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥḥ Usata, the son of Chakra, said, 'You have indicated it as one may say that a cow is such and such, or a horse is such and such.' 'Explain to me the Brahman that is immediate and direct - the self that is within all'. 'This is your self that is within all'.

5 kt:m::ð y:awv:lvy: s:v:aünt:rh. n: dáäðdóüäarö p:sy:ðrî n: Â:Øt:ðH Â::ðt:arú S:àN:Øy:at:Î n: m:t:ðm:ünt:arö m:nv:it:a n: ev:wat:ðev:üwat:arö ev:j:an:iy:ah. katamo yājñavalkya sarvāntaraḥ na dṛṣṭer draṣṭāraṃ paśyer na śruteḥ śrotāraṃ śṛṇuyāt 'Which h is within all, Yajnavalkya?' 'You cannot see that which is the witness of vision; you cannot hear that which is the hearer of hearing; na mater mantāraṃ manvīthā na vijñāter vijñātāraṃ vijānīyāḥ You cannot think that which is the thinker of thought; ht you cannot know that t which h is the knower of knowledge. O\: t: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:r:ð t::ð ny:dat:üm:î. t:t::ð h:ð\:st:á:a#ay:n: up:rram: eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaro 'to 'nyad ārtam tato hoṣastaś cākrāyaṇa upararāma 2 This is your self that is within all; everything else but this is perishable.' Thereupon Ushasta, the son of Chakra, kept silent. Brihadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3-5 Chapter 3 (Yājñavalkya Kāṇḍa) Section 5 - Kahola Brāhmaṇa

6 AT: hòn:ö kh:ðl:h k:ò\:it:kñy:h p:)cc y:awv:lvy:ðet: h:ðv:ac: y:dðv: s:ax:adp:r:ðx:adï b:òé y: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rs:î t:ö m:ð vy:ac:xv:ð t:. O\: t: A:tm:a s:v:aünt:rh. atha hainaṃ kaholaḥ kauṣītakeyaḥ papraccha yājñavalkyeti hovāca Then Kahola, the son of Kaushitaka, asked him, 'Yajnavalkya', said he... yad eva sākṣād aparokṣād brahma yaātmā sarvāntaras taṃ me vyācakṣveti eṣa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ 'Explain to me the Brahman that is immediate and direct - the self that is within all'. 'This is syour self that is within all'. kt:m::ð y:awv:lvy: s:v:aünt:rh. y::ð S:n:ay:aep:p:as:ð ð S::ðkö m::ðhö j:raö m:àty:øm:ty:ðet:. katamo yājñavalkya sarvāntaraḥ yo 'śanāyāpipāse śokaṃ mohaṃ jarāṃ mṛtyum atyeti 'Which is within all, Yajnavalkya?' 'That which transcends hunger and thirst, grief, delusion, decay and death.' Ot:ö v:ò t:m:atm:an:ö ev:edtv:a b:òaén:ah p:ø*:ò\:n:ay:aá: ev: :ò\:n:ay:aá: l::ðkó\:n:ay:aá: l::k\:n:ay:aá: vy:tt:ay:at: vy:øtt:ay:at: eb:x:ac:y:üö c:rent:. etaṃ vai tam ātmānaṃ viditvā brāhmaṇāḥ putraiṣaṇāyāś ca vittaiṣaṇāyāś ca lokaiṣaṇāyāś ca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti Knowing this very Self, the Brahmanas renounce the desire for sons, for wealth and for the worlds, and lead a mendicant's life.

7 y:a Êðv: p:ø*:ò\:n:a s:a ev: :ò\:n:a y:a ev: :ò\:n:a s:a l::ðkó\:n::ðb:ð ð ð Êðt:ð Êt: O\:N:ð Ov: B:v:t:H. yā hy eva putraiṣaṇā sā vittaiṣaṇā yā vittaiṣaṇā sā lokaiṣaṇobhe hyete eṣaṇe eva bhavataḥ That which is the desire for sons is the desire for wealth, and that which is the desire for wealth is the desire for worlds, for both these are but desires. t:sm:adï b:òaén:h p:aenrty:ö en:ev:ü½ b:aly:ðn: et:åas:ðt:î. tasmād brāmaṇaḥ pāṇḍityaṃ nirvidya bālyena tiṣṭhāset Therefore the knower of Brahman, having known all about scholarship, hi should try to live upon that t strength which comes of knowledge. b:aly:ö c: p:aenrty:ö c: en:ev:ü½at: m:øen:rî Am::òn:ö c: m::òn:ö c: en:ev:ü½at: b:òaén:h. s: b:òaén:h kñn: sy:adï y:ðn: sy:at:î t:ðn:ðdás: Ov:at::ð ny:dat:üm:î. bālyaṃ ca pāṇḍityaṃ ca nirvidyātha munir amaunaṃ ca maunaṃ ca nirvidyātha brāhmaṇaḥ sa brāhmaṇaḥ kena syād yena syāt tenedṛśa evāto 'nyad ārtam Having known all about this strength and scholarship, he becomes meditative; having known all about both meditativeness and its opposite, he becomes a knower of Brahman. How does that knower of Brahman behave? Howsoever he may behave, he is just such. Except this, everything is perishable.

8 t:t::ð h kh:ðl:h k:ò\:it:kñy: up:rram: tato ha kaholaḥ kauṣītakeya upararāma 1 Thereupon Kahola, the son of Kaushitaka, kept silent. Brihadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 3-6 Chapter 3 (Yājñavalkya Kāṇḍa) Section 6 - Gārgī Brāhmaṇa AT: hòn:ö g:ag:iü v:ac:vn:v:i p:)cc y:awv:lvy:ðet: h:ðv:ac: atha hainaṃṃ gārgī g vācaknavī papraccha p yājñavalkyeti hovāca Then Gargi, the daughter of Vacaknu, asked him, 'Yajnavalkya', she said... y:eddú s:v:üm:psv::ðt:ö c: ):ðt:ö c: kesm:àø K:lv:ap: A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet: ðe. v:ay::ò g:ag:iet: g:ag:iüet:. yad idaṃ sarvam apsv otaṃ ca protaṃ ca kasmin nu khalv āpa otāś ca protāś ceti vāyau gārgīti 'If all this is pervaded by water, by what is water pervaded?' 'By air, O Gargi'.

9 kesm:àø K:l:Ø v:ay:ør:ðt:á: ):ðt:á:ðet:. Ant:erx:l::ðkñ\:Ø g:ag:iüet:. kesm:àø K:lv:nt:erx:l::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. g:nd:v:ül::ðkñ\:ø g:ag:iüet:. kasmin nu khalu vāyur otaś ca protaś ceti antarikṣa-lokeṣu gārgīti kasmin nu khalv antarikṣa-lokāṣ otaś ca protaś ceti gandharva-lokeṣu gārgīti 'By what is air pervaded?' 'By what is the sky pervaded?' 'By the sky, O Gargi'. 'By the world of the Gandharvas, O Gargi'. kesm:àø g:nd:v:ül::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. A:edty:l::ðkñ\:Ø g:ag:iüet:. kesm:n:î n:ø K:lv:aedty:l::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. c:ndól::ðkñ\:ø g:ag:iüet:. kasmin nu khalu gandharva-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti aditya-lokeṣu gārgīti kasmin nu khalv āditya-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti candra-lokeṣu gārgīti 'By what is the world of the Gandharvas pervaded?' 'By the sun, O Gargi.' 'By what is the sun pervaded?' 'By the moon, O Gargi.'

10 kesm:àø K:l:Ø c:ndól::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. n:x:*:l::ðkñ\:ø g:ag:iüet:. kesm:àø K:l:Ø n:x:*:l::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. dðv:l::ðkñ\:ø g:ag:iüet:. kasmin nu khalu candra-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti nakṣatra-lokeṣu gārgīti kasmin nu khalu nakṣatra-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti deva-lokeṣu gārgīti 'By what is the moon pervaded?' 'By what are the stars pervaded?' 'By the stars, O Gargi'. 'By the world of the gods, O Gargi'. kesm:àø K:l:Ø dðv:l::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. EndÓl::ðkñ\:Ø g:ag:iüet:. kesm:àø K:elv:ndÓl::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. )j:ap:et:l::ðkñ\:ø g:ag:iüet:. kasmin nu khalu deva-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti indra-lokeṣu gārgīti kasmin nu khalv indra-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti prajāpati-lokeṣu gārgīti 'By what is the world of the gods pervaded?' By what is the world of Indra pervaded?' 'By the world of Indra, O Gargi'. 'By the world of Virat, O Gargi'.

11 kesm:àø K:l:Ø )j:ap:et:l::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. b:òél::ðkñ\:ø g:ag:iüet:. kasmin nu khalu prajāpati-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti brahma-lokeṣu gārgīti 'By what is the world of Virat pervaded?' 'By the world of Hiranyagarbha, O Gargi'. kesm:àø K:l:Ø b:òél::ðka A:ðt:aÁ: ):ðt:aá:ðet:. s: h:ðv:ac: g:aeg:ü m:aet:)ax:irî m:a t:ð m:üd:aü vy:p:pt:t:. vy:p:pt:t:ï. kasmin nu khalu brahma-lokā otāś ca protāś ceti sa hovācaā gārgiā mātiprākṣīr āk ī māā te mūrdhāū vyapaptat 'By what is the world of Hiranyagarbha pervaded? He said, 'Do not, O Gargi, push your inquiry i too far, lest your head should fall off.' An:et:)Sny:aö v:ò dðv:t:am:et:p:àcces: g:aeg:ü m:a et:)ax:ieret:. t:t::ð h g:ag:iü v:ac:vn:vy:p:rram: v:ac:vn:vy:øp:rram: anatipraśnyāṃ vai devatām atipṛcchasi gārgi mātiprākṣīr iti tato ha gārgī vācaknavy upararāma 1 'You are questioning about a deity that should not be reasoned about. Do not, O Gargi, push your inquiry too far. Thereupon Gargi, the daughter of Vacaknu, kept silent.