Critical Issues in American Religious History

Transcription

1 Critical Issues in American Religious History Second Revised Edition ROBERT R. MATHISEN BD Baylor University Press Waco, Texas

2 CONTENTS Preface Foreword xv xvii Chapter 1: Interpreting Religion in America 1 The Recovery of American Religious History Henry F May 2 2 Telling Stories Peter W Williams 16 3 History Texts and Why Is There So Little Religion in the Textbooks? Warren A. Nord 26 Chapter 2: Religion in Early America How inclusive would religion be in early America? 4 A French View of Native Americans (1611) 40 5 English America's First Mass (1634) 42 6 Anti-Catholicism (1641) 44 7 Pennsylvania and the Quakers (1669) 44 8 The Trial of Margaret Brewster (1677) 46 9 Slave Conversion on the Carolina Frontier (1709) Black Women and Religion in the Colonial Period Lillian Ashcraft Webb Exposing the Idolatry of the Romish Church: Anti-Popery and Colonial New England Francis D. Cogliano Saints and Sisters: Congregational and Quaker Women in the Early Colonial Period Mary Maples Dunn 72

3 vi Chapter 3: The Era of the Great Awakening What was the meaning of the Great Awakening? 13 An Essay for Reviving Religion (1733) 14 From the Journal of the Rev. Ebenezer Parkman (1742) 15 Thoughts on the Revival of Religion (1742) 16 Seasonable Thoughts on the State of Religion (1743) 17 "What a Vile Creature I Am" (1744) 18 The Testimony of Harvard College against George Whitefield (1744) 19 The Millennium (1758) 20 The Impact of the Great Awakening (1769) 21 The Great Awakening: Revelation and Reason Cedric Cowing 22 The Great Awakening as Subversion and Conspiracy DavidS. Lovejoy 23 Women and Revivalism: The Puritan and Wesleyan Traditions Martha T. Blauvelt and Rosemary Skinner Keller Chapter 4: Religious America in the American Revolution How religious was the American Revolution? 24 Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission (1750) 25 Southern Anglican Loyalist (1770) 26 A Calm Address to Our American Colonies (1775) 27 Election Sermon (1776) 28 The Church's Flight into the Wilderness (1776) 29 Isaac Backus's Call for a Bill of Rights (1779, 1783) 30 The Role of Religion in the Revolution William G. McLoughlin 31 Visions of a Republican Millennium: An Ideology of Civil Religion in the New Nation Nathan O. Hatch 32 The American Revolution and the Religious History of the United States Mark Noll Chapter 5: American Religion in the Middle Period What would be the role of religion in the early republic? The Rise of African American Churches (1792, 1816) Forming the American Bible Society (1816) Lyman Beecher and Disestablishment (1818) The Church Must Take Right Ground (1835) Millerites and Millennialism (1836) Measures to Promote Revivals (1835) The Anxious Bench (1844) Human Aliment and the Wines of Scripture (1855) The Promise of the Millennium Steven Mintz Charles G. Finney Robert R. Mathisen Adventism and the American Experience Jonathan M. Butler Chapter 6: American Religion in the Antebellum Frontier West How did the frontier West shape American religion? Frontier Revivalism (1808) Methodist Circuit Preacher (1834) Narrative of the Massacre of the Wife and Children of Thomas Baldwin (1836) First White Women over the Rockies (1837) The Need for Western Colleges (1843) The Mormon Exodus Announced (October 8, 1845) Justification by Scripture (1846) Robert Baird on the Principle of Voluntarism (1856) The Heritage of the Popular Denominations T. Scott Miyakawa Religion and Spirituality Ferenc M. Szasz and Margaret Connell Szasz Temples in the Forest Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr

4 Chapter 7: Slavery and American Religion How did slavery coexist with religion in antebellum America? 55 A View of the Exertions Lately Made for the Purpose of Colonizing the Free People of Colour (1817) A Catholic Defense of Slavery (1840) Slavery and Methodist Schism (1843) Slave Religion (1849) Letters on Slavery (1852) What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? (1852) Slavery and Southern Presbyterian Secession (1861) Slave Songs and Spirituals (1867) Religious Life in the Slave Community Albert J Raboteau Antislavery and the Evangelical Movement Bertram Wyatt-Brown Slavery and Theology: The Emergence of Black Christian Consciousness in Nineteenth-Century America Timothy L. Smith 313 Chapter 8: Religion and America's Civil War How did religion impact the Civil War? %66 Abraham Lincoln's Letter to Joshua F. Speed (1855) An Address to Christians throughout the World (1863) President Davis Seeks God's Aid and Mercy (1864) Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (1865) Address at the Raising of the Union Flag over Fort Sumter (1865) Horace Bushnell's Reflections on the Civil War (1865) A Confederate Chaplain Recounts His Experience of the Revivals, (January 1867) Religion, the Origins of Southern Nationalism, and the Coming of the Civil War Mitchell Snay Yankee Protestants and the Civil War: From Confusion to Crusade James H. Moorhead 75 Christian Soldiers: The Meaning of Revivalism. in the Confederate Army Drew Gilpin Faust Chapter 9: The Encounter between Religion and Science How did religion in America respond to the "new" voice of science? What is Darwinism? (1874) Evolution (1884) Evolution and Religion (1886) Cardinal Gibbons on Religion and Science (1889) The Religion of Evolution (1891) A Catholic Reconciles Evolution and Church Dogma (1896) The Final Effort of Theology (1896) The Ape in the Tree of Knowledge Paul A. Carter The Intellectual Crisis of Belief James Turner Between Americanism and Modernism: John Zahm and Theistic Evolution R. Scott Appleby Chapter 10: Religion in Industrializing America How did the factory and the city influence American religion? 86 Frances Willard and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (1883) 87 Cardinal Gibbons Defends the Knights of Labor (1887) 88 The Social Gospel as a Unitive Force (1890) 89 Pope Leo XIIFs "Rerum Novarum" (1891) 90 In His Steps (1896) 91 The Race Problem in a Christian State (1906) 92 Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907)

5 x xi 93 American Protestantism at a Crossroads Susan Curtis 94 Catholic Revivalism: Conversion and Reform Jay P. Dolan 95 "The Future Golden Day of the Race": Millennialis and Black Americans in the Nadir, Timothy F. Fulop Tremors of Controversy George M. Marsden Introduction to Controversy in the Twenties: Fundamentalism, Modernism, and Evolution Willard B. Gatewood, Jr The Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy, Ferenc M. Szasz 580 Chapter 11: Religion and American Empire-Building How did religion influence the emergence of America as a world power? 96 Reaching Alaska's Natives (1878) 97 A Missionary Declares Chinas Salvation (1883) 98 Our Country (1885) 99 A Catholic and Protestant Debate over the Philippines (1899, 1903) 100 Boxer Opposition to Christian Missionaries and Converts (1900) 101 The March of the Flag (1903) Chapter 13: American Religious Ferment during the Depression Era How did American religion respond to the secular challenges of the depression period? 113 The Promotion of True Religious Unity (1928) Humanist Manifesto I (1933) I Am a Rabbi's Wife (1934) Niebuhr on the Social Struggle in America (1934) Coughlin Attacks Roosevelt as Red (1936) Must We Go to War? (1937) The Christian Conquest of the World, Robert T. Handy 103 God's Mission and America's William R. Hutchison 104 Women Missionaries and Cultural Conquest Jane Hunter Chapter 12: Fundamentalism vs. Modernism What were the factors that divided Protestantism a century ago? 105 The Bible and Modern Criticism ( ) 106 Fundamentalism is Very Much Alive (1921) 107 Shall the Fundamentalists Win? (1922) 108 Christianity and Liberalism (1923) 109 Fundamentalism and Modernism: Two Religions (1924) No Revival: In This Depression It is Different Martin E. Marty Transitions in Judaism: The Jewish American Woman through the 1930s Norma Fain Pratt 6\4 121 A Thriving Popular Movement Joel A. Carpenter 623 Chapter 14: American Religion from World War II to! Vietnam How would American religion deal with the pressures of the post-world War II period? 122 The Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism (1947) Church and State in Tension: School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp (1963) The Problem of State Religion (1951) Shall Women be Ordained? (1955) 652

6 xii 126 A Roman Catholic for President? (1960) Excerpt from "The Council Opens" (1963) Frontiers of American Catholicism Martin F. Marty Winning Ordination for Women in Mainstream Protestant Churches Barbara Brown Zikmund The Rise of the 'New Evangelicalism': Shock and Adjustment Mark Silk 675 Chapter 15: Religion and the Civil Rights Movement How did religion in America contribute to the rise of the civil rights movement? 131 The Ministry and Integration: "The Greatest Threat to Segregation" (1959) The Mind of the Ku Klux Klan (1964) Keep Your Eyes on the Prize (1964) The Black Muslims as a Protest Movement (1964) White Protestantism and the Negro (1965) Martin Luther King Explains Nonviolent Resistance (1967) The Black Messiah (1968) Zen Buddhism in America (1976) Homosexuality and the Church (1978) The Black Churches: A New Agenda (1979) A Mormon Response to the Equal Rights Amendment (1979) Hispanics and the Catholic Church (1980) Feminism and Traditional Judaism (1981) The Traumatic Years: American Religion and Culture in the '60s and '70s Sydney E. Ahlstrom Toward Religious Realignment Robert Wuthnow Confused and Helpless Thomas C. Reeves Claiming Muslim Space in America's Pluralism Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad 785 Appendix: Additional Resources on American Religious History 797 xiii 138 The Origins of Activism, James E Findlay, Jr The Civil Rights Movement and the Soul of America Adam Fairclough High Priest of the Anti-Civil Rights Movement: The Calling of Sam Bowers Charles Marsh 731 Chapter 16: Religion and the Search for American Stability How did American religion restructure at the close of the millennium? 141 The Native American Church, Peyote, and People v. Woody {1964) 742