THE FOLK-TALES OF BURMA
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1 THE FOLK-TALES OF BURMA An Introduction BY GERRY ABBOTT AND KHIN THANT HAN BRILL LEIDEN BOSTON KOLN 2000
2 CONTENTS Acknowledgements xi Foreword xn List of Illustrations. xm PART ONE A FRAME OF REFERENCE Introduction.- 3 The study of folklore and the folk-tale 4 The folk-tale genre: function, form and field 12 The collection and study of folk-tales in Burma 20 A categorisation of selected tales from Burma 26 Summaries of selected tales 31 Suggestions for further research 41 PART TWO A SELECTION OF BURMA'S FOLK-TALES Introduction 51 SECTION I (A) : HUMAN ORIGIN TALES Commentary 53 1 The earliest humans (Mon) 58 2 After the old world was destroyed by the flood (Eastern Lisu) The Lahoo narrative of creation (Lahu) 66 4 Why the Kachins have no alphabet (Kachin) 70 5 The Chin and the Burman are brothers (Mindat Chin) The Naga and the Burman are brothers (Tan-hkun Naga) 73 7 The story of the goats (Palaung) 75 8 The extinction of the Ari (Tan-hkun Naga) 75 9 Plainsmen and hill men (Lahu) Why the Kachins have so many nats (Kachin) The name given by a ghost (Eastern Lisu) The 'Eating Early Rice' festival (Asho Chin) Why people die (Kachin) 85
3 VIII CONTENTS SECTION I (B): PHENOMENA TALES Commentary The original state of the earth (Kayah) Sunset and sunrise (Yaw) The story of the rainbow (Shan) The eclipse of the sun (Rawang) The eclipse of the moon (I) (Tan-hkun Naga) The eclipse of the moon (II) (Burman) The life-restoring plant on the moon (Lahu) Why we have earthquakes (Tan-hkun Naga) In-daw-gyi, or Naung-lut (Kachin) The elephant (Sgaw Karen).. Ill 24 ' Buffalo and man (Shan) Kyi-kan (Asho Chin) Why the owl's eyes are open wide (Karen) The grass snake. (Kayah) A-eik-pa (Chin) How tea was discovered (Yaw) Thu-ya (Yaw) Hsa Ma ['Lady Salt'] (Rawang) 122 SECTION II (A): WONDER TALES Commentary The were-tiger and Keik Sal (Hpo Nwan Chin) The were-horse (Karen) The Snake Prince (Burman) & 36 Two Burmese crocodile tales (Burman) Concern for humans only brings me pain (Arakanese) Win-leik-pya: or, the soul-butterfly (Burman) Cham Seng and the pe-et (Palaung) The ghost in the royal service (Burman) Aran Aung and his friend (Mon) Hpo Hkwe: from painter to king (Karen) Nan Yi-hsaing Kaw (Shan) The brown lotus (Arakanese) Smim Katut Kalawam (Mon) Nan La An (Karen) Ein-daw Shinma (India) Master Born-of-Egg (Mon) The Silver Hill (Burman) The Story of Tugleba (Bwe Karen)
4 CONTENTS IX SECTION II (B): TRICKSTER / SIMPLETON TALES, ETC. Commentary The man in a boat who wasn't afraid of ghosts (Mon) The canny Lord of Death (Pa-o) Liar Mvkang sells ashes (Rawang) Stick spear and golden spear (Lahu) If you shit on the way, there's a hundred to pay (Intha) The story of Ataplem (Mon) The monkey and the crocodile (Shan) Kyong-si, the sparrow and the Naga king (Palaung) The rabbit and the fox (Mindat Chin) The elephant versus the tiger (Palaung) The fellow at the town-eater's house (Taungyo) The ten simpletons (Arakanese) Tall tales (Yaw) Mr Golden Simple and his wife (Burman) The end of the Na Hsaung Soe ogres (Padaung) The painting competition (Palaung) 262 III (A): GUIDANCE TALES (LAY) Commentary The peacock, king of the birds (Karen) The 'no hands' dance (Lisu) The long-tongued person has twice the burden (Intha) The wise fox (Somra Naga) Jackfruit tree and bitter gourd vine (Maru) Five hundred steps (Rawang) To each his own (Mon) Looking for true love (Lahu) The abbot's mantra (Pa-o) The coconut palm owner (Kachin) The man who looked for the Lord of Death (Arakanese) Let's have a carve-up (Mon) 294 III (B): GUIDANCE TALES (CLERICAL) Commentary: Law tales (All Burman) Tiger as judge The ardent young lover as judge 299
5 X CONTENTS 81 The promise The elephant-driver who lost his elephant Make-believe tales 304 Commentary: Monk's tales (All Burman) To each his own foot Saturday-borns The monk and the dwindling tiger I ran because the other ran The British envoy The village wiseman and the elephant tracks 314 Commentary: Jataka tales (Various sources) The lovesick widower [Assaka-Jataka] The narrow highway [Rajovada-Jataka] The grateful elephant [Alina-Citta-Jataka] Learning an old one's tricks can get you out of a fix [Tipallattha-Miga Jataka] The naga prince [Bhuridatta Jataka] The hare [Sasa-Jataka] 332 IV : Compound tales Commentary The elephant and the man [I(B) + II(B)] 97 Hkun Hsaik [I(B) + III(A)] (Kayah) (Shan) The rose apple tree [I(B) + I(A)] (Burman) The legend of Taw-me-pa [I(A) + II(B)] (Karen) Nang Upem and Khun Samlaw [I(A) + I(B)] 101 Don't trust every smooth talker [III(A) + II(B)] (Shan)... fpa-o^ Bibliography 357 Ethnological notes 366 Index 385
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