DR. HALBERT'S AMERICAN LITERATURE I (Summer 2009) Final Exam Preparation

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1 DR. HALBERT'S AMERICAN LITERATURE I (Summer 2009) Final Exam Preparation Your final exam will take place on Wednesday, July 1 during our normal class session. You will have to identify seven out of 13 quotes for the exam (selected from the quotations submitted by you and redistributed in class by me). You will need to give the title of the piece, the author of the piece, and give two or three thoughtful sentences on the quote explaining its importance in the context of the course. In addition, you will need to prepare an essay exam prep card using the following specifications: The card may be no bigger than 5" x 8". Your name must appear in the upper right corner of the card (with a horizontal orientation so that the longest side is at top). A clear space at the top left corner should be left blank for stapling. You may record quotes on the card, but each quote on the card needs to appear in the essay. Listing other quotes in an attempt to have the answers to the ID section is unacceptable. Quotes are expected in the essay since you can prepare ahead of time. You may not write out the essay on the card, but you may outline the key points. Failure to follow these directions will result in the card not being allowed during the exam. I will inspect the card before the exam starts. You may wish to show up early to get my approval. Essay Options for Final Exam 1. The early nineteenth century period of American literature saw the rise of political and social discussion, satire, and disdain of government. Find at least three examples from different authors to illustrate the authors' disenchantment with sociopolitical issues and use your knowledge of each author to explain their gripes. 2. As the first European to encounter the Americas, Christopher Columbus embodies the introduction of European peoples and cultures into the Western Hemisphere. This pivotal historical moment has since served as moral mirror for citizens of the United States, reflecting their feelings and concerns about the origins of their national identity. Using Columbus, Washington Irving, and Whitman as your primary sources, identify at least two attitudes about Columbus that reflect upon the character of the United States and offer an explanation of what cultural forces helped shape those attitudes. 3. Along with issues about race, freedom, and egalitarianism, gender issues offer a rich subtext for readings in the course. From overt calls for gender equality to spirited discussions of traditional and transgressive gender norms, the question of what it means to be male and female in America to different groups remained a constant struggle. Using at least three texts, analyze different attitudes about the genders and argue what these attitudes suggest about the cultural values they represent. You may choose to talk about both genders or focus on either male or female roles. 4. While the American Revolution literally declared the United States an independent entity, the writers of the nineteenth century helped to articulate an American attitude about meritocracy, personal independence, self reliance, and non conformity in political, social, and even literary pursuits. Using at least three authors, argue what it means to be an individual in America and how that attitude evolved.

2 5. As the United States grew through Manifest Destiny policies, the scope and grandeur of the American landscape ignited the American imagination on the subject of nature. Using Emerson and at least one other writer, describe how images of nature have helped define the American character. 6. The early nineteenth century saw the rise of transcendentalism, particularly in the works of Emerson and Thoreau. What precisely does transcendentalism transcend? Give examples that illustrate how their writings are able to make universal judgments while remaining isolated from social, cultural, and political struggles. Potential Quotes: QUOTE: All nations of men have the same natural dignity, and we all know that very bright talents may be lodged under a very dark skin. The principle difference between one people and another proceeds only from the different opportunities of improvement. SOURCE: William Byrd II. The History of the Dividing Line. Vol A p Quote: So would I if I might, besides corr [ectin]g the Faults, change some sinister Accidents and Events of it for others more favourable, but tho this were deny d, I should still accept the Offer. However, since such a Repetition is not to be expected, the next Thing most like living one s Life over again, seems to be a Recollection of that Life; and to make that Recollection as durable as possible, the putting it down in Writing. Source: Benjamin Franklin. The Autobiography. Vol. A. pg.829 QUOTE - By my rambling digressions I percieve my self to be grown old. I us d to write more methodically. But one does not dress for private as for publick Ball, Tis only perhaps Negligence. SOURCE - Benjamin Franklin; The Autobiography. (Volume A, Page 832) QUOTE: Opening the window and leaping to Bed, I said I had read his Letters to Dr. Cooper in which he had advanced, that Nobody ever got cold by going into a cold Church, or any other cold Air SOURCE: John Adams. Autobiography of John Adams. Vol A. Pg.977 QUOTE: the Air within this chamber will soon be, and indeed is now worse than that without Doors; come! Open the Window and come to bed, and I will convince you: I believe you are not acquainted with my theory of colds. SOURCE: John Adams. Autobiography of John Adams. Vol A. Pg.977 QUOTE: A Resolution was passed without one dissenting Colony that these united Colonies, are, and of right ought to be free and independent States, and as such, they have, and of Right ought to have full Power to make War, conclude Peace, establish Commerce, and to do all the other Acts and Things, which other States may rightfully do. You will see in a few days a Declaration setting forth the Causes, which have impell d Us to this mighty Revolution, and the Reasons which will justify it, in the Sight of God and Man. A Plan of Confederation will be taken up in a few days.

3 SOURCE: John Adams. Letters from John Adams to Abigail Adams, July 3, Vol. A QUOTE: In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments and common sense: and I have no other preliminaries to settle with the reader, than that he will divest himself of prejudice and prepossession, and suffer his reason and his feelings to determine themselves: that he will put on, or rather that he will not put off, the true character of a man, and generously enlarge his views beyond the present day. SOURCE: Thomas Paine. Common Sense. Vol A. Pg.959 QUOTE: We have boasted the protection of Great Britain, without considering, that her motive was interest not attachment; and that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account; but from her enemies on her own account, from those who had no quarrel with us on any other account, and who will always be our enemies on the same account. Let Britain waive her pretensions to the Continent, or the Continent throw off the dependence, and we should be at peace with France and Spain, were they at war with Britain. SOURCE: Thomas Paine. Common Sense. Vol. A pg. 960 Quote: We have boasted the protection of Great Britain, without considering, that her motive was interest not attachment; and that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account; but from her enemies on her own account, from those who had quarrel with us on any other account, and who will always be our enemies on the same account. Source: Thomas Paine. Common Sense. Vol. A. pg. 961 QUOTE: When also I am told that a woman, called the Virgin Mary, said, or gave out, that she was with child without any cohabitation with a man, and that her betrothed husband Joseph, said an angel told him so, I have a right to believe them or not: such a circumstance required a much stronger evidence than their bare word for it: but we have not even this; for neither Joseph nor Mary wrote any such matter themselves. SOURCE: Thomas Paine. Age of Reason. Vol A. Pg.971 QUOTE: It is, however, not difficult to account for the credit that was given to the story of Jesus Christ being the Son of God. He was born when the heathen mythology had still some fashion and repute in the world, and that mythology had prepared the people for the belief of such a story. Almost all extraordinary men that lived under heathen mythology were reputed to be the sons of some of their gods. It was not a new thing at the time to believe a man to have been celestially begotten SOURCE: Thomas Paine. The Age of Reason. Vol A. Pg.972 Quote: That many good men have believed this strange fable, and lived very good lives under that belief (for credulity is not a crime) is what I have no doubt of. In the first place, they were educated to believe it, and they would have believed anything else in the same manner. There are also many who have been so enthusiastically enraptured by what they conceived to be the infinite love of God to man: in making a sacrifice of himself, that the vehemence of the idea has forbidden and deterred them from examining into the absurdity and profaneness of the story. The more unnatural anything is, the more is it capable of becoming the object of dismal admiration.

4 Source: Thomas Paine. The Age of Reason. Vol. A. pg. 973 QUOTE: I long to hear that you have declared an independency-- and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. SOURCE: Abigail Adams. Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 31, Vol. A pg 979. Quote: As to your extraordinary Code of Laws, I cannot but laugh. We have been told that our Struggle has loosened the bands of Government every where. That Children and Apprentices were disobedientthat schools and Colledges were grown turbulent- that Indians slighted their Guardians and Negroes grew insolent to their Masters. But your Letter was the first Intimation that another Tribe more numerous and powerfull than all the rest were grown discontented.this is rather too coarse a Compliment but you are so saucy, I wont blot it out. Source: John Adams. Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams. Vol. A. pg. 979 QUOTE: I allude to the disproportionate value set on the time and labor of men and of women. A man who is engaged in teaching, can always, I believe, command a higher price for tuition than a womaneven when he teaches the same branches, and is not in any respect superior to women. SOURCE: Sarah Gimke. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman. Vol. B pg QUOTE: Let no one think, from these remarks, that I regard a knowledge of housewifery as beneath the acquisition of women. Far from it; I believe that a complete knowledge of household affairs is an indispensable requisite in a women s education,--that by the mistress of a family, whether married or single, doing her duty thoroughly and understandingly, the happiness of the family is increased to an incalculable degree, as well as a vast amount of time and money saved. All I complain of is, that our education consists so almost exclusively in culinary and other manual operations. SOURCE: Sarah Moore Grimke, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, Vol. B, pg QUOTE: This mode of training necessarily exalts, in their view, the animal above the intellectual and spiritual nature, and teaches women to regard themselves as a kind of machinery, necessary to keep the domestic engine in order, but of little value to the intelligent companions of men. SOURCE: Sarah Moore Grimke. Letters on the Equality of the Sexes Vol B. Pg QUOTE: Hitherto, instead of being a help meet to man, in the highest, noblest sense of the term, as a companion, a co-worker, an equal; she has been a mere appendage of his being, an instrument of his convenience and pleasure, the pretty toy with which he wiled away his leisure moments, or the pet animal whom he humored into playfulness and submission. SOURCE: Angelina Grimke, Letters to Catherine Beecher, Vol. B, pg QUOTE: I recognize no rights but human rights- I know nothing of men s rights and women s rights; for in Christ Jesus, there is neither male nor female. It is my solemn conviction, that, until this principle of

5 equality is recognized and embodied in practucem the church can do nothing effectual for the permanent reformation of the world SOURCE: Angelina Grimke. Letters to Catherine Beecher. Vol B. Pg2091 QUOTE: The minute she seeds her husband coming up the street, she makes for the door, as if she hadn t another minute to live, stands in the entry with her teeth chattering in her head till he gets all his coats and mufflers, and overshoes, and what-do-you-call -ems off, then chases round (like a cat in a fit) after the boot-jack; warms his slippers and puts em on, and dislocates her wrist carving at the table for fear it will tire him. Poor little innocent fool! SOURCE: Fanny Fern. Hints to Young Wives. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: Now the truth is just this, and I wish all the women on earth had but one ear in common, so that I could put this little bit of gospel into it:-just so long as a man isn t quite as sure as if he knew for certain, whether nothing on earth could ever disturb your affection for him, he is your humble servant, but the very second he finds out (or thinks he does) that he has possession of every inch of your heart, and no neutral territory-he will turn on his heel and march off whistling Yankee Doodle! SOURCE: Fanny Fern. "Hints to Young Wives." Vol B. Pg QUOTE: Washington was very well, if he couldn t spell, and I m glad we are all free; but as a woman- I shouldn t know it, didn t some orator tell me. Can I go out of an evening without a hat at my side? Can I go out with on my head without danger of a station-house? Can I clap my hands at some public speaker when I am nearly bursting with delight?... Can I be Senator, that I may hurry up that millennial International Copyright Law? Can I even be President? Bah- you know I can t. Free! Humph! SOURCE: Fanny Fern, "Independence," Vol. B, Pg QUOTE: But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. SOURCE: Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Declaration of Sentiments. Vol B p QUOTE: The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. SOURCE: Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Declaration of Sentiments. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: Now, in view of this entire disfranchisement of one-half the people of this country; their social and religious degradation in view of the unjust laws above mentioned, and because women do feel themselves aggreieved, oppressed, and fraudulently deprived of their most sacred rights, we insist that they have immediate admission to all rights and privelages which belong to them as citizens of the United States. SOURCE: Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Declaration of Sentiments. Vol. B. Pg. 2115

6 QUOTE: Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land/ Taught my benighted soul to understand/ That there s a God, that there s a Saviour. SOURCE: Phillis Wheatley. On Being Brought from Africa to America. Vol. A pg 1247 QUOTE - Students, to you 'tis giv'n to scan the heights Above, to traverse the ethereal space, And mark the systems of revolving worlds. Still more, ye sons of science ye receive The blissful news by messengers from heav'n, How Jesus' blood for your redemption flows. SOURCE - Phillis Wheatley; To the University of Cambridge, in New-England. (Volume A, Page 1250) QUOTE: No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. The louder she screamed, the harder he whipped; and where the blood ran fastest, there he whipped the longest. SOURCE: Frederick Douglass. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Doulass, Written by Himself. Vol B. Pg.1891 QUOTE: I was so terrified and horror-stricken at the sight, that I hid myself in a closet, and dared not venture out till long after the bloody transaction was over. I expected it would be my turn next. It was all new to me. I had never seen any thing like it before. I had always lived with my grandmother on the outskirts of the plantation, where she was put to raise the children of the younger women. I had therefore been, until now, out of the way of the bloody scenes that often occurred on the plantation. SOURCE: Frederick Douglass. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: You remember the fable of The man and the Lion, where the lion complained that he should not be misrepresented when the lions wrote history. I m glad the time has come when the lions write history. SOURCE: Fredrick Douglas. Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglas. Vol B. Pg.1887 QUOTE: Especially would they do this, when leaving home. They would then sing most exultingly the following words:-- I am going away to the Great House Farm! O, yea! O, yea! O! This they would sing, as a chorus, to words which to many would seem unmeaning jargon, but which, nevertheless, were full of meaning to themselves. I have sometimes thought that the mere hearing of those songs would do more to impress some minds with the horrible character of slavery, than the reading of whole volumes of philosophy on the subject could do. SOURCE: Frederick Douglass. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Vol. A pg QUOTE: if you teach that nigger (speaking of myself) how to read, there would be no keeping him. It would forever unfit him to be a slave. He would at once become unmanageable, and of no value to his

7 master. As to himself, it could do him no good, but a great deal of harm. It would make him discontented and unhappy. SOURCE: Frederick Douglass. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Vol. B p QUOTE: I prefer to be true to myself, even at the hazard of incurring the ridicule of others, rather than to be false, and incur my own abhorrence. From my earliest recollection, I date the entertainment of a deep conviction that slavery would no always be able to hold me within its foul embrace; and in the darkest hours of my career in slavery, this living word of faith and spirit of hope departed [not] from me, but remained like ministering angels to cheer me through the gloom. This good spirit was from God, and to him I offer thanksgiving and praise. SOURCE: Frederick Douglas, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave, Vol. B, pg QUOTE: When we finished, one of them came to me and asked me if I were a slave. I told him I was. He asked, Are ye a slave for life I told him that I was. The good white Irish man seemed to be deeply affected by the statement. SOURCE: Frederick Douglass. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Vol B. pg 1907 QUOTE: We were all ranked together at the valuation. Men and women, old and young, married and single, were ranked with horses, sheep and swine. There were horses and men, cattle and women, pigs and children, all holding the same rank in the scale of being, and were all subjected to the same narrow examination. Silvery-headed age and sprightly youth, maids and matrons, had to undergo the same indelicate inspection. At this moment, I saw more clearly than ever the brutalizing effects of slavery upon both slave and slaveholder. SOURCE: Douglass. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: For until this mighty question is totally put to rest, the worthy people of America can by no means enjoy the soil and inhabit with clear right and title, and quiet, unsullied consciences. SOURCE: Washington Irving. A History of New York. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: This proposition being admitted, it follows clearly, that the Europeans who first visited America, were the real discoverers of the same; nothing being necessary to the establishment of this fact, but simply to prove that it was totally uninhabited by man. This would at first appear to be a point of some difficulty, for it is well known, that this quarter of the world abounded with certain animals, that walked erect on two feet, had something of the human countenance, uttered certain unintelligible sounds, very much like language, in short, had a marvelous resemblance to human beings. SOURCE: Washington Irving. A History of New York. Vol B. Pg. 2146

8 QUOTE: The Indians improved daily and wonderfully by their intercourse with the whites. They took to drinking rum and making bargains. They learned to cheat, to lie, to swear, to gamble, to quarrel, to cut each other s throats, in short to excel in all the accomplishments that had originally marked the superiority of their Christian visitors. And such a surprisingly aptitude that they have shewn for these acquirements, that there is very little doubt that in a century more, provided they survive so long the irresistible effects of civilization, they will equal in knowledge, refinement, knavery, and debauchery the most enlightened, civilized, and orthodox nations of Europe. SOURCE: Washington Irvin. A History of New York. Vol B. Pg 2149 Quote: Can any one have the presumption to say, that these savage Pagans, have yielded any thing more than an inconsiderable recompense to their benefactors; in surrendering to them a little pitiful tract of this dirty sublunary planet, in exchange for a glorious inheritance in the kingdom of Heaven! Source: Washington Irving. A History of New York. Vol. B. pg QUOTE: for the inhabitants of the newly discovered globe are totally destitute of the common attributes of humanity, inasmuch as they carry their heads upon their shoulders, instead of under their arms have two eyes instead of one are utterly destitute of tails, and of a variety of unseemly complexions, particularly of a horrible whiteness whereas all the inhabitants of the moon are pea green! SOURCE: Washington Irving. A History of New York. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: Well, arter I had walked about twenty miles up the Peak O Day and Daybreak Hill I soon discovered what war the matter. The airth had actually friz fast on her axes, and couldn t turn round; the sun had got hammed between two cakes o ice under the wheels, an thar he had been shinin an workin to get loose till he friz fast in his cold sweat. C-r-e-a-t-i-o-n! thought I, this ar the toughest sort of suspension an it mustn t be endured. Somethin must be done, or creation is done for. SOURCE: from the Crockett Almanacs. Sunrise in His Pocket. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: The sun walked up beautiful, salutin me with sich a wind o gratitude that it made me sneeze, I lit up my pipe by the blaze o his top-knot, shouldered my bear, an walked home, introducin people to the fresh daylight with a piece of sunrise in my pocket. SOURCE: Davy Crockett. Sunrise in his Pocket. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: Then she turned as white as an egg-shell, and I seed that her heart was busting, and I run up to her, like a squirrel to his hole, and gave her a buss that sounded louder than a musket. So her spunk was all gone, and she took my arm as tame as a pigeon, and we cut out for her father s house. SOURCE: Davy Crockett. "A Pretty Predicament." Vol. B p QUOTE: But the youngest o my darters takes arter me, and is of the regular earthquake natur. Her body s flink rock, her soul s lightning, her fist is a thunderbolt, and her teeth can out-cut any steam mill saw in creation. She is a perfect infant prodigy, being only six years old; she has the biggest foot and widest mouth in all the west, and when she grins, she is splendiferous; she shows most beautiful internals, and can scare a flock o wolves to total terrifications. SOURCE: Davy Crockett. Crockett s Daughters. Vol B. Pg 2126

9 QUOTE: when Mrs. Crockett out with a little teeth pick, and with a single swing of it sent the hull head and neck flyin fifty feet off, the blade jist shavin the top of Mike s head, and then seeing what it war, she trowed down her teeth pick, rolled up her sleeves, an battered poor Fink so that he fainted away in his alligator skin, and he war so all scaren mad, when he come too, that he swore he had been chawed up, and swallered by an alligator. SOURCE: Mink Fink. The Crockett Almanacs. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: I can out-run, out-jump, out-shoot, out-brag, out-drink, an out-fight, rough-an -tumble, no holts barred, ary man on both sides the river from Pittsburgh to New Orleans an back ag in to St. Louiee. Come on, you flatters, you bargers, you milk-white mechanics, an see how tough I am to chaw! I ain t had a fight for two days an I m spilein for exercise. Cock-a-doddle-do! SOURCE: Mike Fink. "Mike Fink s Brag." Vol B. Pg QUOTE: Most persons do not see then sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the of the man, but shines into the eye and heart of the child. The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. SOURCE: Ralph Waldo Emerson. Nature. Vol. B. Pg.1583 QUOTE: Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. For, nature is not always tricked in holiday attire, but the same scene which yesterday breathed perfume and glittered as for the frolic of the nymphs, is overspread with melancholy today. Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. SOURCE: Ralph Waldo Emerson. Nature. Vol. B pg 1584 QUOTE: In the woods, we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life, - no disgrace, no calamity, (leaving me my eyes,) which nature cannot repair. Standing on the bare ground, - my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, - all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball; I see all; the currents of the Universe Being circulate through me; I am part of particle of God. SOURCE: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature, Vol B. pg Quote: I please myself with the graces of the winter scenery, and believe that we are as much touched by it as by the genial influences of summer. To the attentive eye, each moment of the year has it s own beauty, and in the same field, it beholds, every hour, a picture which has never been seen before, and which shall never be seen again. The heavens change every moment, and reflect their glory or gloom on the plains beneath. Source: Ralph Waldo Emerson. Nature. Vol. B. pg QUOTE: So use all that is called Fortune. Most men gamble with her, and gain all and lose all, as her wheel rolls. But do thou leave as unlawful these winnings, and deal with Cause and Effect, the chancellors of God. In the Will work and acquire, and thou hast chained the wheel of Chance, and shalt sit

10 thereafter out of fear from her rotations. A political victory, a rise of rents, the recovering of your sick, or the return of your absent friend, or some other favorable event, raises your spirits, and you think good days are preparing for you. Do not believe it. Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of principles. SOURCE: Emerson. Self-Reliance. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: It is easy in the world to live after the world s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude. SOURCE: Ralph Emerson. Self-Relience. Vol B. Pg.1625 QUOTE: Our minds travel when our bodies are forced to stay at home. We imitate; and what is imitation but the traveling of the mind? Our houses are built with foreign taste; our shelves are garnished with foreign ornaments; our opinions our tastes, our faculties, lean, and follow the Past and the Distant. SOURCE: Ralph Emerson. Self-Reliance. Vol. B pg 1635 QUOTE: Insist on yourself; never imitate. Your own gift you can present every moment with the cumulative force of a while life s cultivation; but if the adopted talent of another, you have only an extemporaneous, half possession. That which each can do best, none but his Maker can teach him. No man yet knows what it is, nor can, til that person has exhibited it. SOURCE: Ralph Waldo Emerson. Self Reliance. Vol.B. Pg QUOTE: They measured their esteem for each other, by what each has, and not by what each is. But a cultivated man becomes ashamed of his property, out of new respect for his nature. Especially he hates what he has, if he see that it is accidental, -- came to him by inheritance, or gift, or crime; then he feels that it is not having; it does not belong to him, has no root in him, and merely lies there, because no revolution or robber takes it away. SOURCE: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance, Vol B. pg QUOTE: A political victory, a rise of rents, the recovery of your sick, or the return of your absent friend, or some other favorable event, raises your spirits, and you think good days are preparing for you. Do no believe it. Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you peace but the triumph of principles. SOURCE: Ralph Waldo Emerson. Self-Reliance. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it. SOURCE: Henry David Thoreau. Resistance to Civil Government. Vol. B p QUOTE: The character inherent in the American people has done all that has been accomplished; and it would have done somewhat more, if the government had not sometimes got in its way. For government is an expedient by which men would fain succeed in letting one another alone; and, as has been said, when it is most expedient, the governed are most let alone by it.

11 SOURCE: Henry David Thoreau. Resistance to Civil Government. Vol. B pg QUOTE: I heartily accept the motto, - That government is best which governs the least; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which I also believe, - That government is best which governs not at all; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have. SOURCE: Henry David Thoreau. Resistance to Civil Goverment. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right. It is truly enough said, that a corporation has no conscience; but a corporation of conscientious men is a corporation with a conscience. Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, event the welldisposed are daily made the agents of injustice. SOURCE: Henry David Thoreau, Resistance to Civil Government, Vol. B, pg QUOTE: There are thousands who are in opinion opposed to slavery and to the war. Who yet in effect do nothing to put an end to them; who, esteeming themselves children of Washington and Franklin, sit down with their hands in their pockets, and say that they know not what to do, and do nothing; who even postpone the question of freedom to the question of free-trade, and quietly read the prices-current along with the latest advices from Mexico, after dinner, and, it may be, fall asleep over them both SOURCE: Henry David Thoreau. Resistance to Civil Government. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: Even voting for the right is doing nothing for it. It is only expressing to men feebly your desire that it should prevail. A wise man will not leave the right to the mercy of chance, nor wish it to prevail through the power of the majority. There is but little virtue in the action of masses of men. When the majority shall at length vote for the abolition of slavery, it will be because they are indifferent to slavery, or because there is little slavery left to be abolished by their vote. They will then be the only slaves. Only his vote can hasten the abolition of slavery who asserts his own freedom by his vote. SOURCE: Thoreau. Resistance to Civil Government. Vol B. Pg QUOTE - If a thousand men were not to pay their tax-bills this year, that would not be a violent and bloody measure, as it would be to pay them, and enable the state to commit violence and shed innocent blood. This is, in fact, the definition of a peacable revoluteion, if any such is possible. SOURCE - Henry David Thoreau; Resistance to Civil Government. (Volume B, Page 1745) QUOTE: Dark draperies hung upon the walls. The general furniture was profuse, comfortless antique and tattered. Many books and musical instruments lay scattered about, but failed to give any vitality to the scene. I felt that I breathed and atmosphere of sorrow. An air of stern, deep, and irredeemable gloom hung over and pervaded all. SOURCE: Poe. The Fall of the House of Usher. Vol B. Pg QUOTE - I was forced to fall back upon the unsatisfactory conclusion that while, beyond doubt, there are combinations of very simple natural objects which have the power of thus affecting us, still the analysis

12 of this power lies among considerations beyond our depth. It was possible, I reflected, that a mere different arrangement of the particulars of the scene, of the details of the picture, would be sufficient to modify, or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful impression; and, acting upon this idea, I reined my horse to the precipitous brink of a black and lurid tarn that lay in unruffled luster by the dwelling, and gazed down but with a shudder even more thrilling than before upon the remodeled and inverted images of the gray sedge, and the ghastly tree stems, and the vacant and eye-like windows. SOURCE - Edgar Allen Poe; The Fall of the House of Usher. (Volume B, Page 2473) Quote: A striking similitude between the brother and sister now first arrested my attention; and Usher, divining, perhaps, my thoughts, murmured out some few words from which I learned that the deceased and himself had been twins, and that sympathies of a scarcely intelligible nature had always existed between them. Our glances, however, rested not long upon the dead-for we could not regard her unawed. The disease which had thus entombed the lady in the maturity of youth, had left, as usual in al maladies of a strict cataleptical character, the mockery of a faint blush upon the bosom and the face, and that suspiciously lingering smile upon the lip which is so terrible in death. Source: Edgar Allan Poe. The Fall of the House of Usher. Vol. B. pg QUOTE: I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes, it was! He had the eye of a vulture---a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees very gradually I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever. SOURCE: Edgar Allen Poe. The Tell-Tale Heart. Vol B p QUOTE: If still you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned, and I worked hastily, but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and arms and the legs. SOURCE: Poe. The Tell-Tale Heart. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: Oh God! What could I do? I foamed I raved I swore! I swung the chair upon which I had been sitting and grated it upon the boards, but the noise arose over all and continually increased. SOURCE: Edgar Allen Poe. The Tell Tale Heart. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE: Be the word our sign of parting, bird or fiend! I shrieked, upstarting- Get thee back into the tempest and the Night s Plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken! quit the bust above my door! SOURCE: Edgar Allen Poe. The Raven. Vol B. Pg QUOTE: And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting on the pallid bust of a Pallas just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon s that is dreaming, and the lamplight o er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; and my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted nevermore.

13 SOURCE: Edgar Allen Poe. The Raven. Vol. B. Pg QUOTE - Is it the prophet s thought I speak, or am I raving? What do I know of life? what of myself? I know not even my own work, past or present; Dim, ever-shifting guesses of it spread before me, 60 Of newer, better worlds, their mighty parturition, Mocking, perplexing me. And these things I see suddenly what mean they? As if some miracle, some hand divine unseal d my eyes, Shadowy, vast shapes, smile through the air and sky, 65 And on the distant waves sail countless ships, And anthems in new tongues I hear saluting me. SOURCE - Walt Whitman; Prayer of Columbus. (Volume B, Page 3023) QUOTE - Thy ponderous side-bars, parallel and connecting rods, gyrating, shuttling at thy sides; Thy metrical, now swelling pant and roar now tapering in the distance; Thy great protruding head-light, fix d in front; Thy long, pale, floating vapor-pennants, tinged with delicate purple; The dense and murky clouds out-belching from thy smoke-stack; Thy knitted frame thy springs and valves the tremulous twinkle of thy wheels; Thy train of cars behind, obedient, merrily-following, Through gale or calm, now swift, now slack, yet steadily careering: Type of the modern! emblem of motion and power! pulse of the continent! SOURCE - Walt Whitman, To A Locomotive in Winter. (Volume B, Page 3024)