A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE BERKELEY

Transcription

1 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE BERKELEY

2 ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES D'HISTOIRE DES IDEES INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS 66 T. E.JESSOP A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE BERKELEY Directors: P. Dibon (Paris) and R. Popkin (U niv. of California, La J oua). Editorial Board:J. Aubin (Paris) ;J. Collins (St. Louis Univ.); P. Constabel (Paris); A. Crombie (Oxford); 1. Dambska (Cracow); H. de la Fontaine-Verwey (Amsterdam); H. Gadamer (Heidelberg); H. Gouhier (Paris); T. Gregory (Rome); T. E. Jessop (Hull); P. O. Kristeller (Columbia Univ.); Elisabeth Labrousse (Paris); S. Lindroth (Upsala); A. Lossky (Los Angeles); J. Orcibal (Paris); 1. S. Revah t (Paris); J. Roger (Paris); H. Rowen (Rutgers Univ., N.J.); G. Sebba (Emory Univ., Atlanta); R. Shackeleton (Oxford); J. Tans (Groningen); G. Tonelli (Binghamton, N.Y.).

3 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE BERKELEY by T. E. JESSOP Emeritus Professor of Philosophy University of Hull WITH INVENTORY OF BERKELEY'S MANUSCRIPT REMAINS by A. A. LUCE Berkeley Professor of Metaphysics University of Dublin SECOND EDITION (revised and enlarged) MARTINUS NIJHOFF / THE HAGUE / 1973

4 1973 by Martinus Nijholf, The Hague, Netherlands Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1973 All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: : /

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Priface Berkeley's Life: Chronological Outline Berkeley's Writings: Alphabetical Key-list Abbreviations VII XIII xv XIX PART I. BERKELEY'S WRITINGS Collected Works and Selections Works published by Berkeley, and translations Philosophical, Mathematical, Physical Arithmetica and misc. mathematica (7); Essay on vision (7); Principles of human knowledge (9); Three dialogues (14); De motu (18); Alciphron (18); Theory of vision of vindicated (21); Analyst (21); Defense of free-thinking in mathematics (22); Reasons for not replying to Walton (2g); Siris (2g) Miscellaneous 3 7 Passive obedience (28); Guardian essays (28); Advice to the tories (29); Report on Vesuvius (29); Ruin of Gt. Britain (29); Missionary proposal for America (29); A missionary sermon (go); The querist (go); Letter on a national bank (gg); Discourse to magistrates (g4); Pieces on tar-water (g4); On the second Jacobite rebellion (g6); On petrifactions (g7); More pieces on tar-water (37); Word to the wise (g8); Concerning patriotism (g9); Concerning earthquakes (g9); Verses on America (40) ; On tar-water (40) ; Miscellany (40) ; Inscriptions (4 ) Posthumously published remains Spuria PART II. WRITINGS ON BERKELEY Miscellanea-Biographical, literary, etc. On the tar-water controversy On the Analyst controversy

6 PREFACE Since the first appearance of this bibliography (1934, Oxford University Press), which has long been out of print, so much attention has been paid to Berkeley that a mere reprint would be inept. Besides bringing it up to date I have added collations of those editions of Berkeley's writings that were published in his lifetime. In doing so I have used a form of description simple enough for anyone to follow yet sufficient to enable librarians to check their catalogues and to identify copies in which the titlepage is missing or mutilated. As before, I have marked with an asterisk throughout the bibliography every book, edition and article that has not been seen by me or, in a few cases, by a competent friend. My primary interest not being bibliographical in the present-day highly technical sense, but philosophical, I have aimed chiefly at (a) providing advanced students (and their hard-pressed advisers) of Berkeley, or of the subjects on which he wrote, with a guide to the materials for research, and (b) displaying the range in time and place, and the direction, of the attention which he has attracted. These two aims account for the classification of the entries under a few general subject-headings and of the philosophical entries under countries, and for the arranging of the entries in each section or subsection in chronological order, the alphabetical ordering of the authors' names being given in the Index. To facilitate reference and cross-reference each entry is numbered. Of the editions of Berkeley's works in English and translations of these, completeness has been aimed at, though perhaps not achieved. Concerning books that deal wholly or largely with Berkeley, I have also tried to be complete, but may have missed a few in languages not widely known. Of books and works of reference in which he receives some treatment I have had to make a selection, listing some for their

7 VIII PREFACE intrinsic value, and some as signs of the state of knowledge and judgment at a certain period or in a certain country: it would have been unhelpful to include, for instance, all histories of philosophy and most encyclopaedias. As for articles in periodicals, I have not wished to act as an arbiter of worth (though I have omitted obviously trivial pieces) and have therefore included as much as one man, with other things to do, could fairly be expected to track down in the growing mass of periodicals. Reviews of books I have not hunted fof, except eighteenth-century ones. The work has been carried far enough to result in what may be called a schematic history and geography of Berkeley's influence. The persons who gave me help when I was preparing the edition of 1934 I need not name again. Ofthose who since then have pointed to pathways which I have been able to follow I must mention Professor Jean Lameere of Brussels (self-effacing, yet large in his service to philosophical scholarship; his recent death is a serious loss), who guided his students to compile a supplement to my first edition, carrying it to 1952 (entry 9 4); Professor C. M. Turbayne of Rochester, N.Y., who with the collaboration of R. Ware compiled a further and fuller supplement (entry 409); and Professor H. M. Bracken of Montreal, who has kindly done some searching for me, and whose monograph of 1959 (entry 765) has illuminated a hitherto obscure corner of Berkeleian scholarship. As before, lowe much to the staffs of libraries in several countries, who have served me liberally in the reading-rooms and in some cases allowed me to roam among their stacks. On Professor Luce's Inventory of Berkeley's MSS., which follows the bibliography, I must repeat what I wrote in the first edition - that it "proceeds from an unrivalled familiarity with Berkeley's hand. Elsewhere he has exemplified the fruitfulness of a fresh exploration of the manuscript remains; here he presents a detailed guide to them which will spare every future investigator many a weary hour of search through volumes of disordered, untidy, and often scarcely legible sheets". Since then he has published his own transcriptions of some of the MSS., one of them being his superb edition of the so-called Commonplace Book (entry 2II), and has further used his knowledge of the MSS. in the volumes he prepared for the edition of Berkeley's collected works. The volume there devoted to the letters shows how considerably he has enlarged the corpus by his own assiduous searching, one result being a lengthening of the list of known

8 PREFACE IX autograph letters that closes his Inventory. The references under his name in the Index point to his outstanding contributions to our knowledge and understanding of the thinker who, like himself, is on the roll of the sons and Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin. * * * What the bibliographical record of Berkeley's work and influence tells or reminds us is that he was many things else besides a philosopher. In his own day it was a manysided gentleman that caught the public eye. Consequently, researchers in several of the grooves of history will meet him, and when they do they may be glad to have at hand a list in which his own writings are exhaustively, and writings on him adequately, set forth. His debut was his feeblest step: no one seems to have noticed his attempt to place the teaching of arithmetic and algebra on a simpler basis. Nevertheless, it was the first spurt of an abiding mathematical interest. His later criticism of Newton's fluxional calculus is described in a standard history of mathematics (464) as "the most spectacular mathematical event of the eighteenth century in England". It exposed a logical flaw in the calculus, and started the fruitful controversy that issued in Maclaurin's famous work. His second essay, on vision, has given him a secure place in the history of psychology. The Fellow of his own college who a century and a half later wrote "an attempt to disprove the received (or Berkeleian) theory of vision" bears witness in this designation to the status held by Berkeley's view that some of the apparent data of sight are added to sight from our muscular and tactual experiences. In his Passive Obedience the student of political ideas will find a reflection of a delicate phase of civic loyalty; the social historian could well read his essay on the aftermath of the South Sea Bubble; and no account of the deistic movement would be complete without his vivid satire and criticism of it in his Alciphron. The writing of this latter in Rhode Island was an interlude in his Bermuda venture (which an Oxford man tried to revive as lately as 1852; see 271 & 272), which figures not only in the Anglican Church's record of its overseas missions, but also in histories of the British colonial expansion, to account in part for the colonial settlement in Georgia. America cannot forget the impetus he gave to her cultural life by his personal presence, his writings, his invited counsel to the leaders of higher education, and his gifts to her first universities. The libraries of Harvard and Yale

9 x PREFACE were handsomely enriched by him ; Yale still has three Berkeley scholars in classics provided for out of an estate gifted by him for the purpose; the colleges that are now the universities of Columbia and Pennsylvania were shaped in part after his ideas; and several schools and even two cities bear his name. His Q,uerist, written soon after he became Bishop of Cloyne, and the work of his that was most printed in his lifetime, has brought him the credit of being one of the chief forerunners of Adam Smith in respect of the theory of money. This same work, and others now less known (especially the Word to the Wise) are documents for the social history of Ireland. In his closing years, after having been psychologist, philosopher, pamphleteer, courtier, traveller, missionary, educationist, Christian apologist, and economist, for love of his plague-stricken flock he turned himself into a physician, and so made England and Ireland (and the Continent too) drink and talk of tar-water that even the pharmacopoeias had to recognise it, with the consequence that students of the by-ways of medicine have to note the episode and sometimes tarry to assess its worth. Finally, in the history of English letters Berkeley stands as a brilliant figure in one of the most brilliant of its periods, a writer eminent in the purity, clarity, forcefulness and effortlessness of his style, superlatively eminent in so far as this style emerged in a subjectmatter that is counted the most abstruse the mind can think on, the abstruseness of which he had set himself to destroy. One of our distinguished critics has confessed that it was Berkeley who first gave him "the idea of beautiful prose as such" (327). It is strange that so exquisite an artist, as much a poet in the quality of his impulses and the manner of his obedience to them as in his sensibility to words, should have published only one poem (if we except his rough satirical pieces On Siris and its Enemies and Disputes about Tar-water, and the conventional On Tar), but this one, Verses on America (1752), after passing through many anthologies, has attained a niche in the Oxford Book of Eighteenth-Century Verse. All this apart from his philosophy, of which this is not the place to write except to say summarily for the non-philosophical that it stands in the very highway of British thought, that it has had to suffer more persistent misunderstanding than any other system that has voiced itself in decent English, and that it teases us still to ask whether any physical thing is more than its manifest properties, whether these properties are apprehended directly or through the distorting mediation of subjective concepts, whether there is a causal power resident in physical things, and whether the term "exist" can mean anything

10 PREFACE XI other than either a mind or an object of mind. From his answers to the last two of these questions he strode with only a single step, audacious yet logical, to a theistic interpretation of the universe. Berkeley, it seems to me, is one of the clearest, concisest, and most daring of Europe's philosophers. Such diversity of gifts, work and fame deserves and is most dispassionately delineated in a bibliographical record. T. E. JESSOP

11 BERKELEY'S LIFE: CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE March 12, born at Kilkenny, Ireland, of an English family related to the Earl of Berkeley (pronounced as "Barkly", which is one of the several spellings of the name in the records oftrin. Call.). 1696, entered the Duke of Ormond's School (Kilkenny College), where Jonathan Swift and Wm. Congreve had been pupils March 21, admitted to Trinity College, Dublin (Dublin University). 1704, Bachelor of Arts. 1707, Fellow; Master of Arts; Tutor. 1709, ordained deacon; College Librarian. 1710, priest. 171O-II, Junior Dean. 1712, Junior Greek Lecturer Jan., to London (leave of absence from Trin. ColI.); presented at Court by Swift; became acquainted with Addison, Steele, Pope, Gay, Arbuthnot; summer in Oxford. Oct., to Italy as chaplain to the Earl of Peterborough (Ambassador Extraordinary to the Italian princes). 1714, about the end of Nov., arrived back in England. Except for a brief visit in 1715 he did not return to Ireland until Autumn, to France and Italy as travelling tutor to a son of the Bishop of Clogher (Ireland). 17'20 Oct. or Nov., arrived back in London Sept., to Dublin, resuming duties in Trin. CoIl. He had been appointed Senior Fellow in , Doctor of Divinity; Divinity Lecturer; resigned office of Senior Greek Lecturer. 1722, presented by the Crown to the Deanery of Dromore, but the presentation was successfully resisted by the Bishop of Dromore; Hebrew Lecturer; Senior Proctor. 17'22 Dec. to 1723 March, in London; then returned to Trin. Call June, co-executor and legatee of the will of Esther Vanhomrigh (Swift's "Vanessa").

12 XIV BERKELEY'S LIFE: CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE May, appointed Dean of Derry (Londonderry, in North of Ireland); resigned all offices in Trin. Coll. Sept., to London. Except for a brief visit in 1728 he did not return to Ireland until Aug., married Anne Forster, niece of the Bishop of Raphoe (Ireland). Sept., sailed for America Jan. 23, arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, and remained there nursing his project of a college in Bermuda. The project could not be realised Sept. 21, sailed for England Oct. 30, arrived in London. There until , nominated for the Deanery of Down, but not appointed Jan., appointed Bishop of Cloyne (near Cork, southern Ireland). May, consecrated in Dublin. 1741, declined offer of nomination for the Vice-Chancellorship of Dublin University. 1746, declined offer of the see of Clog her Aug., retired to Oxford Jan. 14, died at Oxford and interred in its cathedra1.

13 BERKELEY'S WRITINGS: ALPHABETICAL KEY-LIST Address on confirmation Advice to the Tories Alciphron America, verses on Analyst Arithmetica Chain of philos. reflexions Commonplace book Concerning patriotism Confirmation, address on Defence of free-thinking De motu Description of Cave of Dunmore Dialogues between Hylas & Philonous Directions for... tar-water Discourse to magistrates Disputes about tar-water (verse) Dunmore, Cave of Earthquakes, observations on Eruptions of Vesuvius Essay towards a new theory of vision Essay towards preventing the ruin of Gt. Britain Essays in the Guardian Eubulus (letters so signed) Farther thoughts on tar-water Free-thinking in mathematics Further directions for tar-water Guardian essays Hales, letter to II II lbi I82 I62 I97

14 XVI BERKELEY'S WRITINGS: ALPHABETICAL KEY-LIST Bylas and Philonous, dialogues Infinites, of Irish patriot Journals of travels in Italy Letter on a national bank Letters: on the militia signed Eubulus to Hales " his clergy " Roman Catholics " T. Prior, 1st " " 2nd " " grd on petrifactions Lough Neagh Magistrates, discourse to Maxims conc. patriotism Militia, letters on Minute philosopher Miscellanea mathematica Miscellany National bank, letter on " '" queries relating to New theory of vision Observations on earthquakes " " eruptions Passive obedience Patriotism, maxims Petrifactions of Lough Neagh Philosophical commentaries Philosophical reflexions Principles of human knowledge Proposals for better supplying of churches Queries relating to national bank Queries upon queries Querist Reasons for not replying to Walton Ruin of Gt. Britain Sermons Before the S.P.G c c

15 BERKELEY'S WRITINGS: ALPHABETICAL KEY-LIST XVII On life and immortality 213 On zeal acc. to knowledge 214 On the mission of Christ 215 On charity 216 On the mystery of godliness 219 On eternal life 220 ili~~~~ ~ Preached at Newport 218 Siris 145 Siris and its enemies (verse) 188 Tar, verse on 187 Tar-water, directions for 1BI ", further directions 182 ", farther thoughts on 205 ", disputes about (verse) 193 Theory of vision vindicated 134 Three dialogues 82 Tories, advice to 163 Travels in Italy 217 Treatise on the principles 35 Two letters, to Prior and Hales 197 Verses on America 204 Vesuvius, eruption of 164 Vision, Essay on 25 Visitation charge 221 Walton, reason for not replying 144 Word to the wise 198

16 ABBREVIATIONS Many of these explanations will not be needed by those who habitually read English advert. Arnst. B. b1. BIn. B.M. (or) Brit. Mus. Camb. dedic. Dubl. ed. Edin. ff. Gent. mag. hf-t intro. Journ. lao L&] LL Lond. Lpzg. mag. MS. (I, 2, & c) Mead n.d. N.Y. Ox. p. advertisement (i.e. preface) Amsterdam Berkeley blank (page) Berlin British Museum, London Cambridge, England dedication Dublin edition, editor, edited Edinburgh and the following pages Gentleman's Magazine, London half-title introduction Journal large (octavo) Works oj Berkeley, ed. by Luce & Jessop (9) Life and Letters oj Berkeley, by Fraser (286) London Leipzig Magazine refers to Inventory of MSS. H. R. Mead's Bibliogr. oj George Berkeley, 19 IO (324) not dated New York Oxford page

17 xx pp. Philad. pro Proc. publ. quart. r. repro rev. sm. S.V. T.C.D. t-p tr. ( or) trans. V. * [ ] ABBREVIATIONS pages Philadelphia printed Proceedings published Quarterly (periodical) recto of a leaf reprint, reprinted review, reviewed small (8, or 4 ) sub voce Trinity College, Dublin title-page translated, translation verso of a leaf not seen; applies only to the ed. or article so marked. insertion by me The editions of each of Berkeley's writings issued in his lifetime, and therefore textually important, have the same entry-number followed by a small letter in sequence. In Part II a few entries are similarly marked for the different reason that they were added after the enumeration had been completed. Entry-numbers in the notes are distinguished from other numbers by being italicised. Note on the Gregorian dating For the relevance of this note see e.g. under entries 25, 166a, 167a. "New Style" means the Gregorian calendar. This was not adopted in England until 1752, when 3 September ("Old Style") became 14 Sept. The beginning of the year had already been pulled back from 25 March to I January: the essentricity of beginning the year on March 25 had been unofficilly recognised long before In almost all Berkeley'S known letters written between I Jan. and 24 March he gave both the Julian and the Gregorian years: his earliest instance is "March 1st, 1709/10", his latest "Jan. 5th, 1750/51".