Cosmological Arguments
|
|
- Teresa Matthews
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cosmological Arguments
2 Cosmology: u Study of the origins of the Universe u Why is there something rather than nothing? u Where did everything come from? u Where did the stars come from? u Aquinas: u If the things we see were caused to exist by things that existed previously; u And those things were caused to exist by things that existed previously; u Etc., etc., u Doesn t that mean there must have been a first cause? u An uncaused causer? u Or could the series of prior causes go on to infinity?
3 Arguments that God exists: Review Ontological: the existence of God follows from the very concept of God. exp: Anselm s Ontological Argument This is the only a priori argument for the existence of God. Cosmological: The existence of God is posited to explain the existence of things in the world. exp: Aquinas This is an a posteriori argument, in that it relies on something we know only from sense experience namely, that there is change in the world.
4 The Cosmological Argument: An a posteriori argument because it begins with a premise, based on observation, that the universe exists, and is subject to change. It tries to show that for this to be so there must exist something outside the universe which can cause or explain its existence.
5 Aquinas Second Way: Summa Theologica: c Some things are caused to exist by things that already exist. 2. Nothing can cause itself to exist. (If so, it would have to precede itself. ) 3. This series of prior causes cannot go on to infinity. (His argument for this is on the next slide.) 4. So, there must be a first cause an uncaused causer.
6 Aquinas Reasoning We see that at least some things are caused to exist by things that already existed. But nothing can cause itself to exist. To cause itself to exist, a thing would have to exist before it existed, which is absurd. So everything there is has been caused to exist by something that already existed. This series of prior causes cannot go on to infinity. So there must be a first cause, i.e., something that causes other things to exist, but was not itself caused by anything prior to it. And this is (part of) what we mean by God.
7 This cannot go on to infinity. Such a series of causes must however stop somewhere. Now if you eliminate a cause, you also eliminate its effects, so that you cannot have a last cause [or last effect ] unless you have a first. Given therefore no first cause, there would be no intermediate causes either, and no last effect. i.e, without a first cause, nothing else would have happened, and so nothing would be happening now. But things are happening now. So, the series cannot go on to infinity.
8 Why must the series stop somewhere? Aquinas Answer: Because without a first cause, nothing else would ever have happened, and so nothing would be happening now. (But, as we know by experience, things are happening now.) So, if things are happening now (and they are), then there must have been a first cause. Hmmm. What is going on here?
9 Loop-d-Loop! Since nothing can cause itself, all existing things were caused by prior existing things. Either this series of prior existing things goes on forever backwards in time, or there was a first cause. If the series went on forever, everything would be caused by something other than itself, without a beginning. Aquinas says it couldn t have gone on forever, because then there wouldn t have been a beginning. So, there must have been a first cause.
10 But Why would nothing be happening now if there wasn t a beginning? To say there wasn t a beginning is simply to say that things are happening now because everything was caused by a prior thing, which was caused by a prior thing, and so on forever, without any beginning. So, Aquinas only reason for rejecting an infinite series of prior causes is his belief that there must be a first cause. But this is the very point he is trying to prove!
11 Circular Reasoning Aquinas is reasoning in a circle by presupposing the very point he is trying to prove. There must be a first cause, because the series of prior causes can t go on forever. The series of prior causes can t go on forever because there must be a first cause. This amounts to: there must be a first cause because there must be a first cause!
12 Begging the Question An argument begs the question when it simply assumes (or begs ) the question or point that is being argued about. The purpose of an argument is to convince you of something you didn t already believe. An argument begs the question when is pre-supposes the very point it is trying to convince to believe. These arguments don t don t give any (new) reason to believe something you didn t already believe.
13 Aquinas Begs the Question Aquinas is trying to prove that there must be a first cause. He argues there must be a first cause because otherwise the series of causes would to on to infinity. He argues the series of causes cannot go on to infinity because then there would be no first cause. This amounts to arguing that there must be a first cause because otherwise there wouldn t be first cause.
14 Why did Aquinas Beg The Question? This is a good question! Can we really understand what it would mean for the series to go to infinity? Can we really understand what it would mean to say that an infinite amount of time already taken place? Aquinas seems unable to even see this as a possibility. But since Aquinas time, other have at least seen this as a possibility. There is nothing mathematically impossible about this idea. So, we can t dismiss this option without argument.
15 Infinite Past? Aquinas thinks that everything must have a cause or explanation. But he seems unable to even conceive that the universe might have an infinite past. And so he reasons there must be first cause, because 1)everything must have a cause, and 2) the series or prior causes cant go on forever.
16 An Infinity of Explanations? But, if the universe did have an infinite past, then wouldn t everything have a cause, even without any first cause? Yes! Everything, that is, except the infinite series of past causes itself. It would not have a cause. Must it also have a cause or explanation? Suppose it does. Call that cause G. Doesn t G need an explanation? If we need an explanation for the infinite past history of the world, then won t the series of explanations need to go on forever?
17 Causes and Explanations We want to explain things. The Cosmological Argument posits (hypothesizes) the existence of God to explain where the universe (the cosmos ) came from. But how much can we explain?
18 How much can we explain? If every fact must have an explanation, where can we stop? If we need God as an explanation of the infinite series, don t we need an explanation of God? If some things (like God) don t need an explanation, why does the infinite series need an explanation? Which is harder to accept? That some facts cannot, even in principle, ever be explained; or That there must be some single being that explains everything, including itself?
19 Summary: In discussions of the cosmological argument, we see that questions about the existence of God seem directly connected with our need to find reasons or explanations for everything. Philosophers seek answers to questions that can t be answered solely by an appeal to sense experience. So, it seems that ideas about the existence of God stem from the very parts of us that urge us to seek answers to philosophical questions.
Cosmological Arguments
Cosmological Arguments Arguments that God exists: Review Ontological: the existence of God follows from the very concept of God. exp: Anselm s Ontological Argument This is the only a priori argument for
More informationTransition: From A priori To Anselm
Transition: From A priori To Anselm A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE: Philosophy and Sense Experience We said: Philosophical questions cannot be answered solely by appeal to sense experience. If we can answer a question
More informationDoes God Exist? Understanding arguments for the existence of God. HZT4U1 February
Does God Exist? Understanding arguments for the existence of God HZT4U1 February 19 2016 The Ontological Argument for the existence Ontological : of God The Ontological Argument for the existence of God
More informationThe Cosmological Argument
The Cosmological Argument Reading Questions The Cosmological Argument: Elementary Version The Cosmological Argument: Intermediate Version The Cosmological Argument: Advanced Version Summary of the Cosmological
More informationSummer Preparation Work
2017 Summer Preparation Work Philosophy of Religion Theme 1 Arguments for the existence of God Instructions: Philosophy of Religion - Arguments for the existence of God The Cosmological Argument 1. Watch
More informationLecture 4.2 Aquinas Phil Religion TOPIC: Aquinas Cosmological Arguments for the existence of God. Critiques of Aquinas arguments.
TOPIC: Lecture 4.2 Aquinas Phil Religion Aquinas Cosmological Arguments for the existence of God. Critiques of Aquinas arguments. KEY TERMS/ GOALS: Cosmological argument. The problem of Infinite Regress.
More informationMonday, September 26, The Cosmological Argument
The Cosmological Argument God? Classical Theism Classical conception of God: God is Eternal: everlasting Omnipotent: all-powerful Transcendent: beyond the world Omnipresent: everywhere Compassionate:
More informationAquinas' Third Way Modalized
Philosophy of Religion Aquinas' Third Way Modalized Robert E. Maydole Davidson College bomaydole@davidson.edu ABSTRACT: The Third Way is the most interesting and insightful of Aquinas' five arguments for
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy
Introduction to Philosophy PHIL 2000--Call # 41480 Kent Baldner Teaching Assistant: Mitchell Winget Discussion sections ( Labs ) meet on Wednesdays, starting next Wednesday, Sept. 5 th. 10:00-10:50, 1115
More informationDescartes' Ontological Argument
Descartes' Ontological Argument The essential problem with Anselm's argument is that at the end of it all, the atheist can understand the definition and even have the concept in his or her mind, but still
More informationAquinas s Third Way Keith Burgess-Jackson 24 September 2017
Aquinas s Third Way Keith Burgess-Jackson 24 September 2017 Cosmology, a branch of astronomy (or astrophysics), is The study of the origin and structure of the universe. 1 Thus, a thing is cosmological
More informationScholasticism In the 1100s, scholars and monks rediscovered the ancient Greek texts that had been lost for so long. Scholasticism was a revival of
Scholasticism In the 1100s, scholars and monks rediscovered the ancient Greek texts that had been lost for so long. Scholasticism was a revival of the ancient methods of logic and reasoning applied to
More informationSt. Thomas Aquinas Excerpt from Summa Theologica
St. Thomas Aquinas Excerpt from Summa Theologica Part 1, Question 2, Articles 1-3 The Existence of God Because the chief aim of sacred doctrine is to teach the knowledge of God, not only as He is in Himself,
More informationOn The Existence of God Thomas Aquinas
On The Existence of God Thomas Aquinas Art 1: Whether the Existence of God is Self-Evident? Objection 1. It seems that the existence of God is self-evident. Now those things are said to be self-evident
More informationNew Chapter: Philosophy of Religion
Intro to Philosophy Phil 110 Lecture 3: 1-16 Daniel Kelly I. Mechanics A. Upcoming Readings 1. Today we ll discuss a. Aquinas s The Summa Theologica (The Cosmological Argument) b. Anselm, Proslogium (The
More informationThe Ontological Argument
The Ontological Argument Arguments for God s Existence One of the classic questions of philosophy and philosophical argument is: s there a God? Of course there are and have been many different definitions
More informationChapter Summaries: Three Types of Religious Philosophy by Clark, Chapter 1
Chapter Summaries: Three Types of Religious Philosophy by Clark, Chapter 1 In chapter 1, Clark begins by stating that this book will really not provide a definition of religion as such, except that it
More informationHave you ever sought God? Do you have any idea of God? Do you believe that God exist?
St. Anselm s Ontological Argument for the Existence of God Rex Jasper V. Jumawan Fr. Dexter Veloso Introduction Have you ever sought God? Do you have any idea of God? Do you believe that God exist? Throughout
More informationAquinas Cosmological argument in everyday language
Aquinas Cosmological argument in everyday language P1. If there is no first cause, there cannot be any effects. P2. But we have observed that there are effects, like observing change in the world. C: So
More informationThe cosmological argument (continued)
The cosmological argument (continued) Remember that last time we arrived at the following interpretation of Aquinas second way: Aquinas 2nd way 1. At least one thing has been caused to come into existence.
More informationWhat does it say about humanity s search for answers? What are the cause and effects mentioned in the Psalm?
Welcome to 5pm Church Together. If you have come before, then you will know that one of the things we do together is to think apologetically that is, we try and think about how we make a defence for our
More informationFr. Copleston vs. Bertrand Russell: The Famous 1948 BBC Radio Debate on the Existence of God
Fr. Copleston vs. Bertrand Russell: The Famous 1948 BBC Radio Debate on the Existence of God Father Frederick C. Copleston (Jesuit Catholic priest) versus Bertrand Russell (agnostic philosopher) Copleston:
More informationFive Ways to Prove the Existence of God. From Summa Theologica. St. Thomas Aquinas
Five Ways to Prove the Existence of God From Summa Theologica St. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas (1225 1274), born near Naples, was the most influential philosopher of the medieval period. He joined the
More informationCosmological arguments for the Existence of God Gerald Jones Dialogue Issue 26 April 2006
Cosmological arguments for the Existence of God Gerald Jones Dialogue Issue 26 April 2006 In its most basic form, a cosmological argument attempts to understand and answer the question 'Why is there a
More informationCosmological Argument
Theistic Arguments: The Craig Program, 2 Edwin Chong February 27, 2005 Cosmological Argument God makes sense of the origin of the universe. Kalam cosmological argument. [Craig 1979] Kalam: An Arabic term
More informationARTICLE PRESENTATION, EXAMPLE 2: AQUINAS PHI 101: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY DR. DAVE YOUNT
ARTICLE PRESENTATION, EXAMPLE 2: AQUINAS PHI 101: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY DR. DAVE YOUNT 1. BEARINGS/BIO: Briefly describe the assigned philosopher/author and state the name of the assigned material
More informationThe Ontological Argument. An A Priori Route to God s Existence?
The Ontological Argument An A Priori Route to God s Existence? The Original Statement Therefore, O Lord, who grants understanding to faith, grant to me that, insofar as you know it to be expedient, I may
More informationCosmological Arguments: A Cause for the Cosmos. 1. arguments offer reasons to believe that the cosmos depends on something itself. (p.207 k.
1. arguments offer reasons to believe that the cosmos depends on something itself. (p.207 k.2234) 2. What has been referred to as the fundamental philosophical question? (p.207 k.2238) 3. What is one common
More informationTable of x III. Modern Modal Ontological Arguments Norman Malcolm s argument Charles Hartshorne s argument A fly in the ointment? 86
Table of Preface page xvii divinity I. God, god, and God 3 1. Existence and essence questions 3 2. Names in questions of existence and belief 4 3. Etymology and semantics 6 4. The core attitudinal conception
More informationComputational Metaphysics
Computational Metaphysics John Rushby Computer Science Laboratory SRI International Menlo Park CA USA John Rushby, SR I Computational Metaphysics 1 Metaphysics The word comes from Andronicus of Rhodes,
More informationThe Existence of God. G. Brady Lenardos
Page 1 of 16 The Existence of God By G. Brady Lenardos (c) 1995, 2000 G. Brady Lenardos In August of 1993, my friend, Jeff McCain, and I participated in a debate at the Orange County Regional Gathering
More informationA level Religious Studies at Titus Salt
Component 2 Philosophy of Religion Theme 1: Arguments for the existence of God inductive This theme considers how the philosophy of religion has, over time, influenced and been influenced by developments
More informationA-LEVEL Religious Studies
A-LEVEL Religious Studies RST3B Paper 3B Philosophy of Religion Mark Scheme 2060 June 2017 Version: 1.0 Final Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
More informationTHEISM AND BELIEF. Etymological note: deus = God in Latin; theos = God in Greek.
THEISM AND BELIEF Etymological note: deus = God in Latin; theos = God in Greek. A taxonomy of doxastic attitudes Belief: a mental state the content of which is taken as true or an assertion put forward
More informationThe Cosmological Argument
The Cosmological Argument Stage I 1. Causal Premise: Everything of type T has a cause. [note: cause purpose]. 2. Something of type T exists. 3. There is a reason X for thinking that there is a First Cause
More informationCritique of Cosmological Argument
David Hume: Critique of Cosmological Argument Critique of Cosmological Argument DAVID HUME (1711-1776) David Hume is one of the most important philosophers in the history of philosophy. Born in Edinburgh,
More informationAvicenna, Proof of the Necessary of Existence
Why is there something rather than nothing? Leibniz Avicenna, Proof of the Necessary of Existence Avicenna offers a proof for the existence of God based on the nature of possibility and necessity. First,
More informationSimplicity and Why the Universe Exists
Simplicity and Why the Universe Exists QUENTIN SMITH I If big bang cosmology is true, then the universe began to exist about 15 billion years ago with a 'big bang', an explosion of matter, energy and space
More informationChance, Chaos and the Principle of Sufficient Reason
Chance, Chaos and the Principle of Sufficient Reason Alexander R. Pruss Department of Philosophy Baylor University October 8, 2015 Contents The Principle of Sufficient Reason Against the PSR Chance Fundamental
More informationThe Five Ways THOMAS AQUINAS ( ) Thomas Aquinas: The five Ways
The Five Ways THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274) Aquinas was an Italian theologian and philosopher who spent his life in the Dominican Order, teaching and writing. His writings set forth in a systematic form a
More informationToday we begin our discussion of the existence of God.
Aquinas Five Ways Today we begin our discussion of the existence of God. The main philosophical problem about the existence of God can be put like this: is it possible to provide good arguments either
More informationIntroduction. I. Proof of the Minor Premise ( All reality is completely intelligible )
Philosophical Proof of God: Derived from Principles in Bernard Lonergan s Insight May 2014 Robert J. Spitzer, S.J., Ph.D. Magis Center of Reason and Faith Lonergan s proof may be stated as follows: Introduction
More informationCharles Hartshorne argues that Kant s criticisms of Anselm s ontological
Aporia vol. 18 no. 2 2008 The Ontological Parody: A Reply to Joshua Ernst s Charles Hartshorne and the Ontological Argument Charles Hartshorne argues that Kant s criticisms of Anselm s ontological argument
More informationPhilosophy of Science. Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology
Philosophy of Science Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology Philosophical Theology 1 (TH5) Aug. 15 Intro to Philosophical Theology; Logic Aug. 22 Truth & Epistemology Aug. 29 Metaphysics
More information5 A Modal Version of the
5 A Modal Version of the Ontological Argument E. J. L O W E Moreland, J. P.; Sweis, Khaldoun A.; Meister, Chad V., Jul 01, 2013, Debating Christian Theism The original version of the ontological argument
More information5 Cosmological Arguments
5 Cosmological Arguments THE rejection of Berkeley's form of theism entails that if a god is to be introduced at all, it must be as a supplement to the material world, not as a substitute for it. The rejection
More informationDescartes Meditations
Descartes Meditations Descartes Meditations Suppose Descartes has proven his own existence as a thinking thing: Can he prove anything else with absolute certainty? Mathematics? His body? Other physical
More informationChapter 2--How Do I Know Whether God Exists?
Chapter 2--How Do I Know Whether God Exists? 1. Augustine was born in A. India B. England C. North Africa D. Italy 2. Augustine was born in A. 1 st century AD B. 4 th century AD C. 7 th century AD D. 10
More informationOntological Argument page 2
ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT (A harbour-side café somewhere in the Peloponnese; Anna Kalypsas is sitting at a table outside a café with Theo Sevvis, and they re joined by Anna s students, Mel Etitis and Kathy
More information[1968. In Encyclopedia of Christianity. Edwin A. Palmer, ed. Wilmington, Delaware: National Foundation for Christian Education.]
[1968. In Encyclopedia of Christianity. Edwin A. Palmer, ed. Wilmington, Delaware: National Foundation for Christian Education.] GOD, THE EXISTENCE OF That God exists is the basic doctrine of the Bible,
More informationTask 1: Philosophical Questions. Question 1: To what extent do you shape your own destiny, and how much is down to fate?
How to philosophise? Question everything and assume nothing! Task 1: Philosophical Questions A key skill in Philosophy is having the ability to think. When answering these questions, please give yourself
More information3 The Problem of Absolute Reality
3 The Problem of Absolute Reality How can the truth be found? How can we determine what is the objective reality, what is the absolute truth? By starting at the beginning, having first eliminated all preconceived
More informationWHAT ARISTOTLE TAUGHT
WHAT ARISTOTLE TAUGHT Aristotle was, perhaps, the greatest original thinker who ever lived. Historian H J A Sire has put the issue well: All other thinkers have begun with a theory and sought to fit reality
More informationDefinitions of Gods of Descartes and Locke
Assignment of Introduction to Philosophy Definitions of Gods of Descartes and Locke June 7, 2015 Kenzo Fujisue 1. Introduction Through lectures of Introduction to Philosophy, I studied that Christianity
More informationPhilosophy of Religion: Hume on Natural Religion. Phil 255 Dr Christian Coseru Wednesday, April 12
Philosophy of Religion: Hume on Natural Religion Phil 255 Dr Christian Coseru Wednesday, April 12 David Hume (1711-1776) Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779) Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural
More informationSmall Group Assignment 8: Science Replaces Scholasticism
Unit 7: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment 1 Small Group Assignment 8: Science Replaces Scholasticism Scholastics were medieval theologians and philosophers who focused their efforts on protecting
More informationUnderstanding the burning question of the 1940s and beyond
Understanding the burning question of the 1940s and beyond This is a VERY SIMPLIFIED explanation of the existentialist philosophy. It is neither complete nor comprehensive. If existentialism intrigues
More informationBy J. Alexander Rutherford. Part one sets the roles, relationships, and begins the discussion with a consideration
An Outline of David Hume s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion An outline of David Hume s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion By J. Alexander Rutherford I. Introduction Part one sets the roles, relationships,
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy. Instructor: Jason Sheley
Introduction to Philosophy Instructor: Jason Sheley Quiz True or False? 1. Descartes believes that the possibility of veridical dreams undermines our faith in our senses. 2. Descartes believes that the
More informationLogic and Theism: Arguments For and Against Beliefs in God, by John Howard Sobel.
1 Logic and Theism: Arguments For and Against Beliefs in God, by John Howard Sobel. Cambridge University Press, 2003. 672 pages. $95. ROBERT C. KOONS, University of Texas This is a terrific book. I'm often
More informationThe Ontological Argument
Running Head: THE ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT 1 The Ontological Argument By Andy Caldwell Salt Lake Community College Philosophy of Religion 2350 THE ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT 2 Abstract This paper will reproduce,
More informationFree will and foreknowledge
Free will and foreknowledge Jeff Speaks April 17, 2014 1. Augustine on the compatibility of free will and foreknowledge... 1 2. Edwards on the incompatibility of free will and foreknowledge... 1 3. Response
More informationTheme 1: Arguments for the existence of God inductive, AS
A. Inductive arguments cosmological Inductive proofs Theme 1: Arguments for the existence of God inductive, AS the concept of a posteriori. Cosmological argument: St Thomas Aquinas first Three Ways 1.
More informationThe Kalam Cosmological Argument. for the Existence of God
The Kalam Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God by James R. Beebe Dept. of Philosophy University at Buffalo Copyright 2003 Outline of Essay: I. Did the Universe Have a Beginning? II. Was the Beginning
More informationDescartes, Leibniz, Spinoza: Concept of Substance Chapter 3 Spinoza and Substance. (Woolhouse)
Descartes, Leibniz, Spinoza: Concept of Substance Chapter 3 Spinoza and Substance Detailed Argument Spinoza s Ethics is a systematic treatment of the substantial nature of God, and of the relationship
More informationThe Grand Design and the Kalam Cosmological Argument. The Book
The Grand Design and the Kalam Cosmological Argument Edwin Chong CFN, October 13, 2010 The Book Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow, The Grand Design, Bantam, 2010. Interest to Christians: Widely discussed
More informationUp to this point, Anselm has been known for two quite different kinds of work:
Anselm s Proslogion (An Untimely Review, forthcoming in Topoi) Up to this point, Anselm has been known for two quite different kinds of work: his devotional writings, which aim to move and inspire the
More informationMARK KAPLAN AND LAWRENCE SKLAR. Received 2 February, 1976) Surely an aim of science is the discovery of the truth. Truth may not be the
MARK KAPLAN AND LAWRENCE SKLAR RATIONALITY AND TRUTH Received 2 February, 1976) Surely an aim of science is the discovery of the truth. Truth may not be the sole aim, as Popper and others have so clearly
More informationProof of the Necessary of Existence
Proof of the Necessary of Existence by Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā), various excerpts (~1020-1037 AD) *** The Long Version from Kitab al-najat (The Book of Salvation), second treatise (~1020 AD) translated by Jon
More informationAquinas and Bonaventure: The World s Beginning in Time
Aquinas and Bonaventure: The World s Beginning in Time Mark Hellinger PHIL 211: Medieval Philosophy March 27, 2015 1 One of the questions that the Medieval Philosophers pondered was the question of whether
More informationDoes God exist? The argument from evil
Does God exist? The argument from evil There are two especially important arguments against belief in God. The first is based on the (alleged) lack of evidence for God s existence, and the rule that one
More informationDisputation 20. On the First Efficient Cause and on His First Action, Which Is Creation
Chapter 3 done 4/23/01 5:54 PM Page 1 Disputation 20 On the First Efficient Cause and on His First Action, Which Is Creation In metaphysics the consideration of God the most glorious is twofold: namely,
More informationThe Ontological Argument
The Ontological Argument Saint Anselm offers a very unique and interesting argument for the existence of God. It is an a priori argument. That is, it is an argument or proof that one might give independent
More informationAUSTIN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY. BOOK REVIEW OF Great is the Lord: Theology for the Praise of God by Ron Highfield SYSTEMATIC CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE
AUSTIN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY BOOK REVIEW OF Great is the Lord: Theology for the Praise of God by Ron Highfield SYSTEMATIC CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE THOMAS H. OLBRICHT, Ph.D. BY SERGIO N. LONGORIA AUSTIN,
More informationJAMES CAIN. wants a cause. I answer, that the uniting. or several distinct members into one body, is performed merely by
Rel. Stud. 31, pp. 323-328. Copyright? 1995 Cambridge University Press JAMES CAIN THE HUME-EDWARDS PRINCIPLE In such a chain too, or succession of objects, each part is caused by that which preceded it,
More informationHUME'S THEORY. THE question which I am about to discuss is this. Under what circumstances
Chapter V HUME'S THEORY THE question which I am about to discuss is this. Under what circumstances (if any) does a man, when he believes a proposition, not merely believe it but also absolutely know that
More informationgeneral development of both renaissance and post renaissance philosophy up till today. It would
Introduction: The scientific developments of the renaissance were powerful and they stimulate new ways of thought that one can be tempted to disregard any role medieval thinking plays in the general development
More informationAyer and Quine on the a priori
Ayer and Quine on the a priori November 23, 2004 1 The problem of a priori knowledge Ayer s book is a defense of a thoroughgoing empiricism, not only about what is required for a belief to be justified
More informationPHLA10 Reason and Truth Exercise 1
Y e P a g e 1 Exercise 1 Pg. 17 1. When is an idea or statement valid? (trick question) A statement or an idea cannot be valid; they can only be true or false. Being valid or invalid are properties of
More informationAn Answer to Anselm by Gaunilo
An Answer to Anselm by Gaunilo Abbey at Marmoutier, www.thais.it About the author.... Gaunilo, a Benedictine monk of Marmoutier, expressed his objections to Anselm s argument by means of devising a logical
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy Practice Final Exam Spring 2018
Introduction to Philosophy Practice Final Exam Spring 2018 Name Multiple Choice Pick the best answer. 1. Those who maintain that the only circumstantial equality to which all human beings are entitled
More informationPHIL 251 Varner 2018c Final exam Page 1 Filename = 2018c-Exam3-KEY.wpd
PHIL 251 Varner 2018c Final exam Page 1 Your first name: Your last name: K_E_Y Part one (multiple choice, worth 20% of course grade): Indicate the best answer to each question on your Scantron by filling
More informationClass 2 - Foundationalism
2 3 Philosophy 2 3 : Intuitions and Philosophy Fall 2011 Hamilton College Russell Marcus Class 2 - Foundationalism I. Rationalist Foundations What follows is a rough caricature of some historical themes
More informationThe Universe Exists. We Exist. What conclusions can we draw?
The Universe Exists. We Exist. What conclusions can we draw? Hugh Ross s argument (as I understand it) He accepts the observations and theories of modern cosmology and particle physics. (more than I do,
More informationDoes God Exist? By: Washington Massaquoi. January 2, Introduction
Does God Exist? By: Washington Massaquoi. January 2, 2017 Introduction In almost all societies there are people who deny the existence of God. Disbelievers (atheists) argue that there is no proof or evidence
More informationForeknowledge and Freedom
Foreknowledge and Freedom Trenton Merricks Philosophical Review 120 (2011): 567-586. The bulk of my essay Truth and Freedom opposes fatalism, which is the claim that if there is a true proposition to the
More informationARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD J.P. MORELAND
ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD J.P. MORELAND Introduction I. Reasons for Believing in the Existence of God: a. Not simply for the purpose of speaking to non-believers. b. For times of unanswered prayer
More informationBy submitting this essay, I attest that it is my own work, completed in accordance with University regulations. Minh Alexander Nguyen
DRST 004: Directed Studies Philosophy Professor Matthew Noah Smith By submitting this essay, I attest that it is my own work, completed in accordance with University regulations. Minh Alexander Nguyen
More informationOTTAWA ONLINE PHL Basic Issues in Philosophy
OTTAWA ONLINE PHL-11023 Basic Issues in Philosophy Course Description Introduces nature and purpose of philosophical reflection. Emphasis on questions concerning metaphysics, epistemology, religion, ethics,
More informationPhilosophy 203 History of Modern Western Philosophy. Russell Marcus Hamilton College Spring 2010
Philosophy 203 History of Modern Western Philosophy Russell Marcus Hamilton College Spring 2010 Class 3 - Meditations Two and Three too much material, but we ll do what we can Marcus, Modern Philosophy,
More informationIntroduction to Christian Apologetics June 1 st and 8 th
Introduction to Christian Apologetics June 1 st and 8 th Instead, you must worship Christ as Lord of your life. And if someone asks about your Christian hope, always be ready to explain it. 1 Peter 3:15
More informationNew Testament Epistles I Romans and Galatians (NT6321)
New Testament Epistles I Romans and Galatians (NT6321) I planned many times to come to you Paul Rom 1:13 Prof. David H. Warren Amridge University New Testament Epistles I Romans and Galatians (NT6321)
More informationEthics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order
Ethics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order Benedict Spinoza Copyright Jonathan Bennett 2017. All rights reserved [Brackets] enclose editorial explanations. Small dots enclose material that has been added,
More informationChapter 5: Freedom and Determinism
Chapter 5: Freedom and Determinism At each time t the world is perfectly determinate in all detail. - Let us grant this for the sake of argument. We might want to re-visit this perfectly reasonable assumption
More informationAquinas 5 Proofs for God exists
智覺學苑 Academy of Wisdom and Enlightenment Posted: Aug 2, 2017 www.awe-edu.com info@ AWE-edu.com Aquinas 5 Proofs for God exists http://web.mnstate.edu/gracyk/courses/web%20publishing/aquinasfiveways_argumentanalysis.htm
More informationAyer s linguistic theory of the a priori
Ayer s linguistic theory of the a priori phil 43904 Jeff Speaks December 4, 2007 1 The problem of a priori knowledge....................... 1 2 Necessity and the a priori............................ 2
More informationAn Alternate Possibility for the Compatibility of Divine. Foreknowledge and Free Will. Alex Cavender. Ringstad Paper Junior/Senior Division
An Alternate Possibility for the Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge and Free Will Alex Cavender Ringstad Paper Junior/Senior Division 1 An Alternate Possibility for the Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge
More informationDoes God exist? (part one)
Does God exist? (part one) Three Propositional Attitudes Theism Belief in P Atheism Disbelief in P Agnosticism Withholding judgment about P P = God exists. Three Philosophical Attitudes Philosophical Theism
More informationA level Religious Studies at Titus Salt
Component 2 Philosophy of Religion Theme 1: Arguments for the existence of God deductive This theme considers how the philosophy of religion has, over time, influenced and been influenced by developments
More informationThomas Aquinas on the World s Duration. Summa Theologiae Ia Q46: The Beginning of the Duration of Created Things
Thomas Aquinas on the World s Duration Thomas Aquinas (1224/1226 1274) was a prolific philosopher and theologian. His exposition of Aristotle s philosophy and his views concerning matters central to the
More information