ANALYSIS OF EMPOWERMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF MUSTAHIQ INTEREST TO BE MUZAKKI Husnul Khatimah 1, H. Ating Sukma 2, H. Hari Susanto 2

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1 ANALYSIS OF EMPOWERMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF MUSTAHIQ INTEREST TO BE MUZAKKI Husnul Khatimah 1, H. Ating Sukma 2, H. Hari Susanto 2 1 Post Graduate Student of Sharia Economics, UIKA Bogor and Staff at STIBA Ar- Raayah Sukabumi, Indonesia 2 Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor, Indonesia husnul.khatimah@arraayah.ac.id Abstract Zakat as the third pillar of Islam became one of the fundamental things in the teaching of islam, the distribution of zakat is required to build self-sufficient mental so that mustahiq can be transformed into muzakki. It demands the empowerment work of the believer to be able to bring them to economic independence. This research aims to know the empowerment and increased self-sufficiency mustahiq into muzakki. The research method used is literature method by using some literature related to zakat in the form of book, research journal as well as sourced directly from nash al-quran and al-hadits. The result of this research show that empowerment program mustahiq do with the giving of tithes in the form of zakat and productive through the aid effort is expected to improve the quality of life of the mustahiq economy. The transformation process is one of the important points in the empowerment program in which the process of mobilizing the community so that it can again find a way of life that may encourage, fix and enhance the status of Mustahiq (who receives zakat aid) into munfiq (the one who gives charity) then becomes muzakki (who provides assistance zakat). In terms of economic conditions mustahiq, economic independence is emphasized in it to improve the quality of their lives as well as empowering economic life. Keywords: Empowerment, Independence, Mustahiq, Muzakki. I. INTRODUCTION A. Background. According to Hafidhuddin and Juwaini (2007), zakat as the third pillar of Islam became one of the fundamental things in the teaching of islam, even its position is aligned with the command of prayer, whoever abandons the zakat command then essentially he also abandon the command of prayer. Because of its position as one of the pillars in Islam, the law is obligatory for every Muslim whose wealth has reached nishab (minimum amount of property ownership) and has reached its limit (the end of zakat expenditure on his property). According to Alim (2016), zakat distribution is required to build selfsufficient mental so that mustahiq can be transformed into muzakki, not just provide fish without understanding how to use the hook. This requires the empowerment of the believer

2 to be able to bring them to economic independence (qodirun 'alal kasbi). With the massive problem of the number of poor people in this country becomes a challenge for all elements of society in efforts to fix various economic problems affecting Indonesia. The government as the main component in running the poverty reducation program still has not shown significant result in it and faced with various obstacles in the field, therefore it is expected synergy among all parties in it, among them is the effort of Zakat Management Institution in making zakat as an instrument of poverty, as expresed Ahsan (2009). Because the main target of zakat according to Qardhawi (2005) is poverty reducation as a whole According to the research of team Indonesian Magnificence of Zakat (2011), the economic dimension poverty reducation efforts as zakat reflected in two main concepts namely, equitable economic growth and sharing mechanism in the economy, whose main purpose is to improve the welfare of the dhuafa. Even in many cases, not a few of the mustahiq are able to empower their own economic life and raise the quality of their lives from poverty. This is the most important lesson of the role of zakat as the main pillar of the economy. According to Ulwan (2008), no one can see the impact of the social role of zakat which is capable of making the comunity. With the virtue of zakat will give birth to independence for individuals and society in general, people who have high productivity and do not like to rely their life from expecting the mercy of others. And from that zakat will reduce the number of people living below the poverty line as well as foster motivation to change their situation from mustahiq become muzakki. B. Problem Formulation From the background of the problems described above, the formulation of the problem in this study are 1. How should the mustahiq empowerment program be muzakki? 2. How does the mustahiq empowerment analysis be muzakki? C. Purpose of Writing This research aims to know the empowerment and increased self-siffiency mustahiq be muzakki II. METHODOLOGY A. Types of Research

3 This research uses the method of library research, which collects, explains and concludes various literatures related to zakat, the concept of empowerment and independence, in the form of empowerment and independence program and mustahiq transformation process to muzakki that can be taken from books, research journals, as well as modules. B. Data Collection Techniques This research uses data collection techniques in the form of library research, which can be obtained in the form of primary and secondary data. Where the primary data by referring directly from the book about zakat and nash al-quran and al-hadist whereas, secondary data taken from documents, archives and literature studies in the form of the results of research journals that have been done previously or relevant research. C. Data Analysis Technique The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis method by using qualitative approach, that is by collecting various literature contained in books, journals, modules, documents, and archives related to zakat, the concept of empowerment and improvement of independence and transformation process mustahiq to munfiq even become muzakki. III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. Empowerment 1. Definition of Empowerment Experts define empowerment differently but, essentially the same, that is, powergiving. As stated by Mas'oed (Theresia et al, 2015), empowerment is defined as an effort to provide empowerment or strengthening to the community. Meanwhile, in the view of Deliveri (Indonesia of Magnificence of Zakat, 2010) states that, community empowerment is a process in which people, especially those who are poor resources and neglected group of resources supported to be able to improve their welfare independently. Based on the presentation of several definitions of empowerment then, the authors can conclude that empowerment is a process of sustainable community capacity development to improve their quality of life while achieving economic independence. In relation to the economic empowerment of the mustahiq, economic independence such as the provision of zakat

4 funds in the form of productive zakat through business assistance is expected to improve the quality of economic life of the mustahiq 2. Mechanism of Empowerment Activities The mechanism of community empowerment activities consists of several activities that are essentially a recurring cycle. The following stages of community empowerment according to Wilson (Chabib Soleh, 2014): a. The Growth of Desire or Desire Changes The first step of the empowerment process is how to grow the desire of people to make changes to him, because without any desire of the individual self then the process of empowerment will not be achieved optimally. b. Grow Willness and Courage Growing the willness to refrain from the momentary pleasure by doing the extravagan life style and courage to confront various barries and obstacles, so dare to take the decision to come out of the screams of poverty. c. Develop the Willness and take a part (Participate) Growing the will and courage to consciously make changes to one's quality of life will encourage him to participate in opportunities that can change the quality of his life. d. Increasing Role in Any Activity Increased activity of the community consciously in an activity will change the situation itself to be better especially if he felt the great benefits in it both in terms of economic or social life. e. Increased Efficiency and Effectiveness The use of limited resources should be done effectively and efficiently, due to unlimited human desire while the resources available to support it are limited. f. Increased Competence (Capacity) Automatically Self In essence, empowerment should be able to increase the potential of the empowered community. 3. Empowerment Indicators To be able to assess the success rate of empowerment program that has been executed then needed indicator that become reference whether the empowerment really has

5 been appropriate procedure in the set or not at all. According to Girvan (Chabib Soleh, 2014), a community empowerment indicator called the empowerment index (index of empowerment), namely: a. Freedom of Mobility. The ability of an individual to travel is called high if he is able to go alone. b. The Capability of Buying "Small" Commodities. The level of individual buying ability is called high if it is able to meet its own basic needs and its outflow using its own money, it can even make its own decisions without having to ask for other views including its spouse. c. The Ability to Buy "Large" Commodities. The level of ability of an individual to purchase a tertiary necessity is called high if he is able to use his own income without having to ask for his partner's permission. d. Engage in Decision Making Household. Able to make decisions alone or with a partner about decisions related to the family and the needs in it. e. Relative Freedom from Family Domination. A person is considered empowered if able to run which becomes his or her preferences individually withouth a hitch the familly. f. Law and Political Awareness. His ability to know government officials and legislation laws. g. Involvement in Campaigns and Protests. A person is considered empowered if he is able to participate in campaigning or protest actions that are considered to cause harm or damage the order of life in the community. h. Economic Guarantees and Contributions to Families. A person is considered to have a high level of empowerment if able to have both points individually without depending on their partner. B. Independence 1. Definition of Independence Independence is closely linked to empowerment according to experts such as Subejo and Supriyanto (Hamzah, 2015) i.e, deliberate efforts to facilitate local communities in planning, deciding and managing local resources owned through collective action and networking so that ultimately they have the ability and independence

6 economically, ecologically and socially characterized by hard work, diligent, persistent, disciplined, daring to seize the opportunity, honest, able to compete and able to cooperate, trust and trust others, have ideals and know what to do to make it happen, open to criticism and suggestions, not easy to despair and prospective thinking. From the explanation of the definition of independence the authors can conclude that independence is a self-reliant attitude in achieving a desired goal and dare to take decisions and responsible for it without burdening others but also able to synergize with others. In terms of economic conditions mustahiq, economic independence is emphasized in it to improve the quality of their lives as well as empowering economic life. 2. Strategy in Building Mustahiq's Economic Independence According to the IMZ team (2006), the following three strategic steps (triple strategy) that can be applied in building a system capable of supporting the development of economic independence of the mustahiq with the instrument of zakat as one of the main base, namely: a. Free Financing Access Strategy In achieving economic independence in mustahiq, it is necessary to develop entrepreneurial spirit within them through the provision of zakat aid through productive funds, so that it is not directly consumed for consumption, but there is an effort to develop capital business in which the future can be implemented in a productive and sustainable. b. Profit Loss Sharing Strategy (Profit Sharing Strategy) Such a strategy system is expected to spur the productivity of the mustahiq in doing business, because the profit-sharing system is closer to justice because the results obtained are in accordance with what is done either from the giver of capital or the entrepreneurs who in this mustahiq are fostered to develop productive enterprises. c. Optimizing Zakat and As Investement Safety Net (Investment Security Network) The mustahiq who are given zakat funds to be used productively in the course can be a loss, from this problem the role of Amil Zakat Institute is required to perform its performance optimally in managing the zakat funds, one of them by providing reserves of investment losses 3. Mustahiq Independence Indicators

7 ه According to Hamzah (2015), the success indicator of a mustahiq in achieving economic independence can be seen through the achievement of improvement in the following: a. Intellectual Independence Independence in this field can be seen from one's ability to face and solve problems, constantly innovating, and able to control the barriers in creativity that he is running. b. Emotional Independence This is related to his ability to control emotions when faced with a problem, a selfcontrol skill that is needed in social life, especially the process of self-improvement towards the better. c. Independence Act This ability is also needed in running a business, because the right decision, unyielding, honest and responsible to show independence in life, and not always rely on others to help. People like this are able to work together and have good self-management and can see new opportunities. C. Mustahiq (Eligible Group Receiving Zakat) 1. Objectives of Zakat According to Zulkifli (2017), the target of zakat is directed to the eight groups who are entitled to receive zakat (asnaf), as described in the QS. at-taubah verse 60 as follows, إ ن م ا ٱلص د ق ت ل ل فق ر ا ء و ٱل م س ك ي ن و ٱلع م ل ي ن ع ل ي ه ا وٱلمؤ ل ف ة قلوب هم و ف ي ٱلر ق ا ب و ٱلغ ر م ي ن و ف ي س ب يل ٱ لل وٱب ن ٱلس ب ي ل ف ر يض ة م ن ٱ لل وٱ لل ع ل يم ح ك ي م ٦٠ Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those in bondage and in debt; in the cause of Allah. and for the wayfarer: (thus is it) ordained by Allah, and Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom. that is, The verse describes the target of zakat devoted at the eight groups of asnaf above, a. al-fuqara '(The Needy). b. al-masakin (The Poor). c. al-amilin (The Employer of Zakat). d. al-mu'allafah Qulubuhum (Muallaf who is Seeked by his Heart). e. ar-riqab (Slaves).

8 f. al-gharimin (People Owe). g. Sabilillah (People who are Jihad in the Way of Allah). h. Ibn al-sabil (The One Who Travels). 2. Individual Characteristics Mustahiq According to Hamzah (2015), to know the extent to which the chances of success of the process of empowerment and increased self-sufficiency mustahiq must first be recognized common characteristics that can be used as an assessment indicator, namely: a. Age When he was at the age of productive to work but his but his income insufficient needs him and his family so he was included into the Group of mustahik who can receive aid funds to zakat utilized in improving the quality of its economy. b. Formal Education Level In establishing a mustahiq economy in the provision of zakat aid is included in the class of ibn sabil including the prosecutors of science, especially science syar'i in the future they are more empowered with an adequate quality of education c. Non Formal Education This is where the role of LAZ in providing guidance and assistance of the mustahiq in managing the zakat assistance they receive, so the results can be utilized maximally to empower and maintain its economy. D. Muzakki (Mandatory Group on Zakat) 1. Definition Muzakki Muzakki is a Muslim or corporate entity that is obliged to pay zakat. In Article 1 No. 5 Zakah law no. 23 Year 2011 (Bayyinah, 2015) mentioned that the party subject to zakat obligation called muzakki ie, a Muslim or business entity obliged to pay zakat. 2. Characteristics of Muzakki According to Asdiansyuri (2016), the characteristics of muzakki in issuing zakat, infak, and alms are influenced by the following factors, namely: a. Age. Age factor does not affect the ability of a person to issue zakat, infak, and alms, although there is a tendency of young people then the desire to issue zakat, infak, and

9 alms is also lower and vice versa, the older a person the amount of zakat, infak, and alms issued the higher though not very significant. b. Marital Status. With the marriage of a social interaction with the community will grow and cause the desire to help each other by spending a little wealth for people in need like the poor and needy. 3) Education. The higher the education level of a person then the income earned will also be higher and it affects the amount issued by someone in distributing the funds of zakat, infak, and alms to the needy. c. Number of Dependents. The more the number of dependents a person the more income he issued so not sufficient to spend the funds of zakat, infak, and alms. d. Revenue. Increased incomes will increase the amount of zakat, infaq and alms spending, although it is not always that income increase will also increase the disbursement of the zakat infaq and alms funds. e. Religious Values. Understanding of one's religious values influences the amount of zakat, infaq, and alms expenditure. IV. CONCLUSION Based on the explanation of the discussion and the results above it can be concluded that the program mustahiq empowerment done with the provision of zakat funds in the form of productive zakat through business assistance that is expected to improve the quality of economic life of the mustahiq. The transformation process is one of the important points in the empowerment program in which the process of mobilizing the society so that it can again find a way of life that may encourage, fix and enhance their status from what was previously a mustahiq (who received zalcat aid) to munfiq (the one who gives charity) again become muzakki (who provide zakat assistance). In terms of economic conditions mustahiq, economic independence is emphasized in it to improve the quality of their lives as well as empowering economic life. V. REFERENCES

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