Detailed List of Sources

Transcription

1 Detailed List of Sources 1912: The Year The World Discovered Antarctica Chris Turney 2012, The Text Publishing Company, Melbourne, Australia The following attribution of sources has been compiled to accompany the list given in 1912: The Year the World Discovered Antarctica. Page numbers for quotes are given along the left hand margin. Archive codes for unpublished material can be found within Sources in Introduction (pp. 1-6) 1. People, perhaps, still exist, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p very large area of the surface, Murray, 1898, p Chapter 1: Looking Polewards (pp. 7-34) 7. No man will be a sailor, Rice, 2005, p like Norway, de Gerlache, Voyage of the Belgica, p. vii. 11. I strongly believe, ibid, p. xv. 12. the most gloomy, Hinks, 1941, p islands of ice, Fogg, A History of Antarctic Science, p a fine volcano, McGonigal and Woodworth, Antarctica: The Complete Story, p a perpendicular cliff, ibid, p Scientists suggested it covered, Murray, 1913, p whose sole object, Anonymous, 1830, p. vii. 23. a copious source of rational amusement, ibid, p. x. 23. The routes, ibid, p. x. 23. a person who, Galton, Hints to Travellers, p. 2. 1

2 24. I hate the claptrap, Stafford, Scientist of Empire, p I should be very sorry, Bell and McEwan, 1996, p We contest in toto, Curzon, 1893, p You well remember, letter from C. Markham to Lord Curzon, 9 November BL MSS EUR/F112/ that the exploration, Fogg, A History of Antarctic Science, p We must, if possible, Murray, 1894, p. 25; 1898, p. 434; 1899, p the following things, McGonigal and Woodworth, p Furthest south with sledge, Huntford, Shackleton, p It was the belief, Hamilton, 1906, p mud larkers, Huntford, Shackleton, p no knowledge of expedition equipment, Crane, Scott of the Antarctic, p mischievous rivalry, Speak, William Speirs Bruce, p ski running, Murray, The Antarctic Manual, p a sandwich of frozen bear s blubber, Murray, The Antarctic Manual, p unconsidered trifles, Armitage, Two Years in the Antarctic, p rock patches, Markham, 1912, p Chapter 2: An Audacious Plan (pp ) 35. It should, I think, David, 1904, p geography, like charity, ibid, p Come here you BFs, Crane, Scott of the Antarctic, p We watched till, Evans, Adventurous Life. p Men go out, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. I, p. 1; The Times, 16 June 1909, p The British announcement was reported in newspapers, The Times, 12 February 1907, p I needn t tell you, Daly, The Shackleton Letters, p. 36; letters from R. F. Scott to E. Shackleton, 18 February SPRI MS 1537/2/14/8 and 9. 2

3 38. Will meet your wishes, ibid, p. 61; telegram from E. Shackleton to R. F. Scott, 4 March SPRI MS 25/ I do not intend, Shackleton, 1907, p would render the, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. I, p now with the change of base, letter from E. Shackleton to R. Skelton, 13 June SPRI MS 342/ unique in his love, Huntford, Shackleton, p Despite the controversy, correspondence of Antarctic Committee, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, 1890s. ML MSS 7540/ The scientific world, Sprent, Antarctic Exploration, p on 10 December 1907, letter from T. W. E. David to A. Deakin (Australian prime minister), 10 December ML MSS. 3022/1 C I should have dearly loved, letter from D. Mawson to T. W. E. David, 28 September ML MSS. 3022/1 C the remains of, Hooker, The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H. M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years , p this difficulty partially disappears, Darwin, The Origin of Species, p I have been so astonished, Darwin, More Letters of Charles Darwin, p communication by land, Murray, The Antarctic Manual, p Shackleton, in lulls, David, Stead s Review, 9 April 1925, p About 3 am, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. I, p how utterly disgusted, Rice, 2005, p a miscellaneous assortment, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. I, p After my return, Murray, 1894, p dragged like ploughs, Fiennes, Captain Scott, p round and slippery as an eel, Nansen, 1893, p. 13; Nansen, Farthest North, p the way a cherry pip, Fram Museum, Oslo, Norway. 53. I wish we had, Shackleton, 1904, p

4 55. I found that, Borchgrevink, First on the Antarctic Continent, p the greater part, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. I, p After travelling a little, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. II, p Compass was now very, ibid, p A back-breaking, E. N. Webb Magnetic Polar Journey ML MSS I hereby take possession, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. II, p Prof s burberry pants, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 31 January During most of the day, ibid, 2 February I again said, ibid, 3 February We are now, Mills, Men of Ice, p The whole thing, ibid, p It falls to the lot, Shackleton, The Heart of the Antarctic Vol. I, p our last day outwards, ibid, p our food lies ahead, ibid, p And thus we went along, Shackleton, E My South Polar Expedition. NFSA I thought, dear, Huntford, Shackleton, p We could pass, The Times, 16 June 1909, p it had been the policy, The Times, 29 June 1909, p human hazard, Branagan, TW Edgeworth David: A Life, p Mawson was the real leader, The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 1909, p. 8; Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, p. xxx. 67. the really brilliant part, The Daily Mail, 25 March 1909, p that ungrateful cad, letter from R. Skelton to R. F. Scott, 8 October SPRI MS 342/14/ I cannot look, C. Markham Journal, 6 April RGS CRM/ A noteworthy fact, Markham, The Lands of Silence, p

5 68. the undisputed Lion, Huntford, Shackleton, p In 1900 M. Borchgrevink s expedition, The Times, 16 June 1909, p We may surely, Huntford, Shackleton, p opinion was mixed, Bernacchi, The Times, 6 September 1909, p Keep it out of the papers, The Manchester Guardian, 3 September 1909, p annus mirabilis, The Times, 7 September 1909, p Two records are better than one, Huntford, Scott and Amundsen, p it now seems he had not, Herbert, The Noose of Laurels. 70. By the end of 1909, The New York Times, 16 September 1909, p. 1; letter from R. Peary to Mr Reick, 27 November SPRI MS 761/ teams from Scotland, The Times, 2 April 1909, p In whatever measure, The Daily Mail, 25 March 1909, p. 5. Chapter 3: A New Land (pp ) 71. The highest object, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p if you combine, letter from L. Darwin to R. F. Scott, 31 June SPRI MS 145 3/ He secured for, letter from Markham to Lord Curzon, 9 November BL MSS EUR/F112/ Victoria Street, The Times, 14 September 1909, p Its quest becomes, Scott, 1910, p must take every advantage, ibid, p I most sincerely regret, Royds, 1905, p How much longer, Turner, 1908, p It is disappointing, Gregory, 1906, p. 297; Solomon, The Coldest March, p scientific court martial, Chree, 1908, p. xv. 74. I have arranged, Scott, 1910, p I must add, Scott, 1905, p thought of the coast, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, January 1910, p

6 77. During Borchgrevink s first visit to Antarctica, David and colleagues, 1895, p took up a defensive, ibid, p His reason, letter from E. Wilson to T. W. E. David, 24 February ML MSS 3022/1 C I do not believe, Strange and Bashford, 2008, p I am almost, Huxley, Scott of the Antarctic, p It would be foolish, The Manchester Guardian, 17 February 1910, p Poor little ship, Evans, South with Scott, p an ordinary sledge, letter by R. Skelton regarding motorised sledge design, 11 June SPRI MS 342/10/1/ I was trying, letter from R. Skelton to R. F. Scott, 12 June SPRI MS 342/14/ A small measure of success, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 24 October greatest lot of crocks, Crane, Scott of the Antarctic, p curious blunder, Back, The Quiet Land, 18 June Dogs greatly increase, Markham, 1912, p. 544; Scott, The Voyage of the Discovery, p Skelton, recognising that this was not a naval operation, letter from R. Skelton to R. F. Scott, 31 March SPRI MS 342/14/ the Australian is more or less, Back, The Quiet Land: The Diaries of Frank Debenham, 8 August Scott was convinced, letter from V. Campbell to Miss V. Campbell, 17 August SPRI MS 1363/ We were off, King, The Wicked Mate: The Antarctic Diary of Victor Campbell, 3 February We went over, ibid, 3 February Should you be unable, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition Vol. II, p Sir I m afraid you ll come to regret, Hattersley-Smith and McGhie, The Norwegian with Scott, 16 February 1911; Fiennes, Captain Scott, p

7 87. I am afraid I am very disappointed, Back, The Quiet Land: The Diaries of Frank Debenham, 14 November results are not altogether satisfactory, ibid, 6 August Alongside these efforts, Wilson, The Times, 16 May 1912, p Travellers may make, Galton, Hints to Travellers, p first class meteorological station, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 13 April impressions. 89. Every hour or so, G. Simpson. Diary 15 June 1910 to 10 April SPRI MS 704/1-4; Scott s Last Expedition Exhibition, Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney, 17 June-16 October if the base is cooled, Simpson, Meteorology Vol. I, p of the solar energy, ibid, p emphatic way of stating things, Back, The Quiet Land: The Diaries of Frank Debenham, 17 June Ponting summed up, ibid, 18 August Science the rock foundation of all effort, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 9 May. 91. They are extraordinarily like children, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p Another expedition member, Levick, Antarctic Penguins. 91. Comic relief is given, The Manchester Guardian, 7 November From the moment of landing, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 4 January 1911 (The Landing). 93. The possibility that we have, Wilson, 1907, p If vestiges of teeth, Wilson, Diary of the Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic , 27 June I do not believe, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. xvii. 95. I see no way, Wilson in Scott, Scott s Last Expedition Vol. II, 20 July The horror of the nineteen days, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p

8 96. sneaking feeling, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 2 August immense success, ibid, 2 August it doesn t appear, ibid, (22) October If he [Amundsen], The Manchester Guardian, 5 April one cannot affect, Scott s Proposed Plans, SPRI MS 1453/ It is a really satisfactory, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 10 September one must remember, Mawson, 1911, p one has a horrid feeling, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 4 December Polar exploration, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. xvii Evans was furious, Letter from E. Evans to J. P. Irven, 5 July ML DOC on the march, Galton, Hints to Travellers, p got an unusual, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 27 December 1911 (explanatory note) all agreed that, Wilson, Diary of the Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic , 17 January Chapter 4: Of Reindeer, Ponies and Automobiles (pp ) 105. Nobody except a demented scientist, Bowman, The Ascent of Rum Doodle, p Nansen wrote an exhaustive book, F. Nansen. Scientific Guidance for R. Amundsen, NB MS writing to Frederick George Jackson, letter from F. G. Jackson to R. Amundsen, 18 April NB Brevs 812: things are properly managed, letter from J. S. Keltie to R. Amundsen, 12 October NB Brevs 812:2i Two months later, Manchester Guardian 26 January disposed to give, letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 28 July NB Brevs 812:2i. 8

9 109. any very big price, letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 9 October NB Brevs 812:2i In spite of this, letter from R. Amundsen to F. Cook, 3 September NB Brevs 812: Peary s behaviour fills me, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p There was a flurry, letters from R. Amundsen to O. O. Bjaaland and K. Prestrud, 8 September NB Brevs 812: In early 1910, letter from R. Amundsen to Mr. Reid (BAE Secretary), 16 February NB Brevs 812: At least four, Galton, Hints to Travellers, p At all costs, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. I, p on this little détour, ibid, p most important part, letter from H. M. W. Edmonds to R. Amundsen, 5 August NB Brevs. nr. 812: Amundsen was delighted, letter from H. M. W. Edmonds to R. Amundsen, 1 July NB Brevs. nr. 812: Later that year, letter from L. A. Bauer to R. Amundsen, 5 August NB Brevs. nr. 812: without any value whatever, letter from H. M. W. Edmonds to R. Amundsen, 1 July NB Brevs. nr. 812: now have to, letter from R. Amundsen to H. M. W. Edmonds, 13 September NB Brevs 812: The Carnegie Institute, letter from L. A. Bauer to R. Amundsen, 6 December NB Brevs. nr. 812: For the trip north, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p Borchgrevink was one, ibid, p one was a three-page, letter from R. Amundsen to F. Nansen, 22 August NB Ms. fol. 1924:5, played the game, The Times 9 March 1912, p Now we must, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p

10 116. extremely improbable, Scott, 1905, p after a steady climb, Amundsen, The Roald Amundsen Diaries, 11 July The Norwegian leader, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. I, p lucky position, Framheim Meteorological Observations. NB MS 3666:E the dark, heavy water-sky, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. I, p We were astonished, ibid, p None the wiser, National Geographic, 1911, vol xxii, p Well, if they are, MacPhee, Race to the End, p terra firma, Huntford, Scott and Amundsen, p The British departed, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. I, p Captain John King Davis, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p as Polar news, letter from E. Shackleton to L. Amundsen, 12 July NB Brevs. nr. 812: if we were not, MacPhee, Race to the End, p Heaven knows what, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. I, p sad aftermath, Hjalmar Johansen Diary, NB MS :C5, 17 September unflattering statements, Amundsen, The Roald Amundsen Diaries, 17 September Naturally after what, ibid, 20 September almanac for years, letter from British Admiralty to L. Amundsen, 11 March NB Brevs b then promptly forgot, Amundsen, The Roald Amundsen Diaries, 4 August By taking the difference in the compass reading from true south, map of South Magnetic Pole and declination to South Pole. NB Brevs. 480A Are we now, ibid, 7 December sores, inflammation and scabs, ibid, 9 December dangerous enemies, ibid, 9 December It took time, ibid, 8 December

11 130. It is quite interesting, ibid, 16 December That s O.K. by me, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p one might think, ibid, p Thanks for everything, Telegram from R. Amundsen to F. Nansen, 7 March NB Ms. fol. 1924:5, In Christiania they know, The Manchester Guardian 8 March 1912, p sterling personal qualities, The Times, 9 March 1912, p New York Times, New York Times, 21 March 1912, p I may say, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. I, p If I take six pictures, Norsk Film Institut, Roald Amundsens Sydpolsferd ( ) DVD book, p made a poor figure, ibid, p he was quite certain, The Sydney Morning Herald, 4 April 1912, p Within two days, letter from W. Heinemann to F. Nansen, 9 March NB Ms. fol ,3 Mars I must say, letter from W. Heinemann to F. Nansen, 18 March NB Ms. fol ,3 Mars Sales of The South Pole, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p Valuable as they are, Brown, 1913, p extremely fortunate, Mill, 1913, p one is struck, The Observer, 10 March 1912, p Amundsen made the most important, Brown, 1913, p Appearance of land, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. II, p News that Amundsen, C. Markham Journal, 12 March RGS CRM/ gad fly, letter from C. Markham to S. Keltie, 1 March RGS CB7 Box 3 of 3, File 2 of 9, 3/ it is a blessing, letter from F. Nansen to S. Keltie, 11 March RGS C

12 140. I gave up my, letter from F. Nansen to S. Keltie, 16 March RGS C rascal, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p with the most friendly, letter from J. S. Keltie to R. Amundsen, 4 July NB Brevs 812:2i somewhat colloquial style, letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 7 October NB Brevs 812:2i Therefore, I take the liberty, Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, p mumbled, letter from J. F. Cunningham to Lord Curzon, 20 November BL MSS EUR/F112/ I feel justified, Amundsen, My Life as an Explorer, p taping over one half of the Polheim slide, lantern slides used as part of Roald Amundsen s 1912 South Polar Expedition lecture at the Royal Geographical Society. RGS LS/ the valuable scientific, Shackleton and Bruce, 1913, p. 15. Chapter 5: The Dash Patrol (pp ) 143. Each sacrifice on the altar, Borchgrevink, First on the Antarctic Continent, p I believe it is the proper, Stevenson III, 2011, p First, we don t have, Shirase, 1912, p I might as well argue, ibid, p frequent officious meddling, ibid, p mistake, Stevenson III, 2011, p be prepared to die, ibid, p A dog can pull one, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p on which the vow, ibid, p most dismal sort, Shirase, 1912, p

13 150. Skimming south like an arrow, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p The New Zealand press, Shirase, 1912, p the honour of offering, Lyttleton Times, 9 February 1911, p helplessly late in the season, Shirase, 1912, p It walked upright, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p resembled a gigantic bullock, ibid, p towered into the sky, ibid, p they were girding their loins, ibid, p At first the ice, ibid, p The ice started to form, ibid, p As far ahead, ibid, p The sea was silver white, ibid, p The whole incident, The Observer, 7 May 1911, p Swore by Buddha, The Tacoma Times, 28 August 1911, p lived almost a beggar s life, Shirase, 1912, p There were some who criticised, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p will be ashamed, Ross, Lieutenant Nobu Shirase and the Japanese Antarctic Expedition of , 18 November Japanese Espionage, Clarence and Richmond Examiner, 16 May 1911, p The Mysterious Japs, The Sun (Australia), 15 May 1911, p. 1 and to raise an outcry, The Daily Telegraph, 16 May 1911, p enviable recipients of bouquets, Shirase, 1912, p There are men, The Japan Times, 22 July 1911, Go forth, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p they had all, Town and Country Journal, 15 November 1911, p Dear Sir, The Daily Telegraph, 20 November 1911, p

14 159. In admiration, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p the floes that now assailed, ibid, p The noise the ice floes, ibid, p With a ferocious tiger, ibid, p dim white of light, ibid, p killed by having its head, ibid, p penguin hunting, ibid, p a formidable enemy, ibid, p pirates, ibid, p nice day, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. II, p hunting penguins, ibid, p Mother Nature herself, ibid, p indescribably difficult, ibid, p special Norwegian snowshoes, ibid, p far more fortunate and successful, Shirase, 1912, p a flock of Emperor Penguins, Hamre, 1933, p one of the expedition members punched a penguin, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p Transportation of fragments, Darwin, 1839, p it still took, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p we left the country, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Memorial Museum, Nikaho, Japan Telegrams were received, telegram from T. W. E. David to N. Shirase. March SAEMM the wonderful realm, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p They consist of granitic rocks, Brown, 1913, p

15 171. The samples the Japanese collected, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p Fortunately, because of his friendship, David and Priestley, British Antarctic Expedition Under the Command of Sir E.H. Shackleton, C.V.O. Reports of the Scientific Investigations: Geology, p small hill, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p He sent a map, Japanese map, Present Antarctic Continent with South Polar Regions drawn to illustrate the probable topography as well as the effects of Messrs Amundsen s and Shirase s expedition to the Antarctic. By M. Ikeda Nogakushi (Chief Scientist to Mr. Shirase s Antarctic Expedition). Received by the Royal Geographical Society 13 June RGS mr Antarctic S/G A member of the Japan Antarctic Expedition, letter from S. Keltie to Lord Curzon, 7 September RGS CB of Study the treasures, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Memorial Museum, Nikaho, Japan Leaders in unity, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p Chapter 6: Locked In (pp ) 177. Three cheers for Captain Scott, The Times, 18 July 1910, p See you at the Pole, Crane, Scott of the Antarctic, p So, you want, Murphy, German Exploration of the Polar World, p Shackleton was particularly keen, letter from W. Filchner to H. R. Mill, 13 January SPRI MS 100/35/ Less usefully, letter from W. Filchner to H. R. Mill, 15 October SPRI MS 100/35/ The media were aware of the rights, The Manchester Guardian, 10 March 1910, p

16 182. In Edinburgh, Filchner agreed, The Times, 15 July 1910, p While waiting on funding, letters from W. Filchner to W. Bruce, 29 October SPRI MS 101/41/2; 6 July SPRI MS 101/41/ Lieutenant Filchner and I have agreed, The Manchester Guardian, 13 July 1910, p optimist in execution, M.G.B., 1911, p on learning of the appointment, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p in irons, ibid. p doomed by Nature, Aughton, Resolution, p the personal tensions, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p Very bad, Murphy, German Exploration of the Polar World, p In the Antarctic ice, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p König used a wet sponge, Kirschmer, Dokumentation über die Antarktisexpedition 1911/1912 von Wilhelm Filchner, 20 January in this remote wilderness, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p modest private stocks of alcohol, ibid, p abundant consumption of whiskey, Murphy, German Exploration of the Polar World, p This drunkenness is a cancer, ibid, p He fought with the carpenter, Kirschmer, Dokumentation über die Antarktisexpedition 1911/1912 von Wilhelm Filchner, 10 March The captain opposes me, Murphy, German Exploration of the Polar World, p The expedition doctor, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p a bunch of pigs, ibid, p behaving like a madman, ibid, p Fool!, ibid, p compelled to abandon, Hamilton, , p consisting of rich valleys, ibid, p No doubt the work, ibid, p

17 202. We proceeded at a rapid pace, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p phenomena on the western horizon, ibid, p like a young girl, ibid, p Lorenzen is not able to lead a ship, Kirschmer, Dokumentation über die Antarktisexpedition 1911/1912 von Wilhelm Filchner, 20 September Kling was supposed to get laxatives, ibid, 21 August At night I slept on the bench, ibid, 17 October I am the commander, Murphy, German Exploration of the Polar World, p About May the Deutschland, Filchner and Przybyllok, 1913, p The verdict of the Court of Honour, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p When, after this failure, ibid, p a man of honour, ibid, p for the time being, Filchner, Ein Forscherleben, p A guess may be hazarded, Balch, 1912, p There was no impenetrable pack for him, Markham, The Lands of Silence, p The German Antarctic expedition, Mossman, The Times, 5 January 1914, p The ice fields follow, Filchner and Przybyllok, 1913, p the main result of our serial sections, Mills, 2005, p the arrogant Brennecke, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent, p When Amundsen visited me in Berlin, ibid, p Chapter 7: Ice-cold in Denison ( ) 213. The race is over, Shackleton, 1912, p Shackleton came in early, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, January 1910, p In desperation, ibid, p It was then so late, ibid, p

18 215. because we are part, Mawson, 1911, p less formidable than the exploiting, The Sydney Morning Herald, 22 April 1911, p. 9; The Advertiser (Adelaide), 22 April 1911, p Australia will be the gainer, Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, p a new El Dorado, Branagan, TW Edgeworth David, p a usurper of funds, Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, p when it comes to the moral side of things, letter from D. Mawson to H. R. Mill, 18 July 1922 SPRI MS 100/75/6;D Mrs Scott had asked me, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, January 1910, p Weaving his magic, The Daily Mail, 8 May 1911, p to smoke to their hearts content, The Daily Mail, 11 May 1911, p he also disproved the existence of several islands, The Sydney Morning Herald, 24 April 1909, p. 13; 10 July 1909, p had to buy the Aurora, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, January 1910, p This area is crying out for investigation, letter from D. Mawson to A. Geikie, Jan/Feb SPRI MS1517/ My idea has always been, letter from R. F. Scott to T. W. E. David, 11 May ML MSS. 3022/1 C Don t take any notice, letter from R. Skelton to R. F. Scott, 8 October SPRI MS 342/14/ to accomplish a complete, Mawson, 1911, p These glimpses of the Antarctic continent, ibid, p David and Mawson were unsure, letter from T. W. E. David to C. C. Farr, 1 February ML MSS. 3022/1 C Every one, I am sure, letter from C. Chree to T. W. E. David, 13 April ML MSS. 3022/1 C Mawson is apparently taking an airplane, letter from R. Skelton to R. F. Scott, 8 October SPRI MS 342/14/9. 18

19 222. it is doubtful if the airplane, Flight, 5 August 1911, p Like almost all British explorers, F. Wild Memoirs, ML MSS 2198, p as he had been very late, letter from D. Mawson to H. E. Scrope, 16 March MAC 23 DM keenly disappointed, The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 October 1911, p And because Macquarie Island, Tasmanian Government authority for AAE to establish a base and wireless station on Macquarie Island. MAC 42 AAE it would be well to ask, J. K. Davis, private journal of S.Y. Aurora, SLV MS /5, 12 December 1911; Crossley, Trial by Ice, p to perpetuate, McGonigal and Woodworth, Antarctica: The Complete Story, p I would have been glad, ibid, p We met heavy impenetrable pack, Flannery, This Everlasting Silence, p During the afternoon of January 6, Mawson, 1914, p As a station for scientific investigations, Mawson, The Home of the Blizzard Vol. I, p Although the concept of wind chill was yet to be developed, Siple and Passell, the landing of the stores seemed interminable, Laseron, South With Mawson, p not nearer than a couple of hundred mile, Mawson, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series A, Volume I, p new land was sighted, Mawson, 1914, p commemorate the name, ibid, p which seems to me, J. K. Davis, private journal of S.Y. Aurora, SLV MS /5, 11 February 1912; Crossley, Trial by Ice, p The base commander wrote a letter, Davis, High Latitude, p Since I wrote up my log, ibid, 21 February,

20 231. Was this an ice-shelf, Davis, With the Aurora in the Antarctic , 21 February I hope to hear, letter from J. K. Davis to W. S. Bruce, 26 September 1911 SPRI MS 101/35/ just as an apple wrinkles, Marr, The Scientific Study of Scenery, p Rumours of the existence, Mawson, 1914, p During the expedition, A. J. Sawyer. Macquarie Island diary. ML MSS April 1912; 19 January New Zealand, though possessing, Mawson, 1911, p No appearance of land!, Davis, With the Aurora in the Antarctic , 31 May Ainsworth s high-handed leadership grated, A. J. Sawyer. Macquarie Island diary. ML MSS March 1912; 17 April 1912; 27 June 1912; 23 April Blowing a fresh breeze, J. K. Davis, private journal of S.Y. Aurora, SLV MS /5, 15 November Davis was hopeful, letter from J. K. Davis to W. S. Bruce, 21 December SPRI MS 101/35/ a most curious confirmation, ibid, 15 November Later reporting his findings, Davis, 1913, p frightful winds, Borchgrevink, First on the Antarctic Continent, p left out for an hour at a time, Mawson, The Home of the Blizzard Vol. I, p icy inferno, Laseron, South With Mawson, p little could be done, Madigan, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series B, Volume IV, p carried off by the wind, ibid, p the wind picked me up, Mawson, The Home of the Blizzard Vol. I, p If the Magnetograph House, ibid, p

21 239. at dinner, the soup was badly burnt, notes by D. Mawson on L. Whetter, AAE Main Base. MAC 43 AAE Not to do such kind of work!, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 3 October We are sorry for poor Laseron, Laseron, South With Mawson, p At 4 pm we entered a height with crevasses, X. Mertz. Far Eastern Party Diary (in German). MAC 70 AAE. 13 December, Dear old Ninnis, he is dead, ibid, 14 December, bare one a half week s man food, Mawson, The Home of the Blizzard Vol. I, p Ginger, the last beloved dog, X. Mertz. Far Eastern Party Diary (in German). MAC 70 AAE. 29 December, The dog meat does not seem, ibid, 1 January, As there is little chance, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 9 January utmost to the last, ibid, 8 January thought of the food left uneaten, Mawson, The Home of the Blizzard Vol. I, p Both my hands have shed the skin, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 24 January For the last 2 days my hair, ibid, 27 January The wind died down, D. Mawson. Rough Draft of Meteorological Notes, Far East Journey. MAC 69 AAE. 18 January In it he found supplies and a note, letter left at cairn from A. Hodgeman, F. Hurley and A. McLean for D. Mawson, 29 January MAC 49 AAE What a pity, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 29 January I am worn out, J. K. Davis, private journal of S.Y. Aurora, SLV MS /5, 27 January 1913; Crossley, Trial by Ice, p no word had been received by wireless, W. H. Hannam Diary. ML MSS September

22 246. To Capt Davis, Aurora, telegram from D. Mawson to J. K. Davis, 8 February SLV MS / Why did they recall us?, J. K. Davis, private journal of S.Y. Aurora, SLV MS /5. 9 February 1913; Crossley, Trial by Ice, p My internals overthrown, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 8 February My legs have now swollen very much, ibid, 11 February I find my nerves are in a very serious state, ibid, 23 March the greatest story, Bickel, Mawson s Will, p. x So near yet so far, E. Webb. Sledging Diary ML MSS December by boiling 5 raisins, F. Hurley. Southern Sledging Party Diary. ML MSS 389/1. 27 December This is a dismal rotten country, F. Bickerton. Western Sledging Diary, SPRI MS 1775/1. 11 December These present conditions, ibid, 23 December It is doubtful, E. N. Webb Magnetic Polar Journey ML MSS And yet, before 1912, McLean, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series C, Volume VII. Part I am glad that the light, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 17 July Last night Jeffryes, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 7 July What can be done with him, ibid, 10 August Five men not well, ibid, 3 September I can t get him, ibid, 6 June on board the Terra Nova, Simpson and Wright, Back in civilisation, letter of introduction from T. W. E. David for J. K. Davis, 16 April SLV MS / pm: suggest sounding to Capt Davis, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, 21 January

23 254. Nothing could better prove, The Observer, 24 January 1915, p All men of science, Mawson, 1914, p We are told that geography, ibid, p When Mawson had first suggested, The Manchester Guardian, 26 February 1913, p But once the wireless system was fully operational, letter from J. K. Davis to T. W. E. David, 24 September ML MSS. 3022/1 C tests on the instruments, Parish and Walker, the expedition produced the first discovery of gold in Antarctica, Mawson, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series A, Volume IV the results allowed a best estimate, Webb, E. N. and Chree, C., Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series B, Volume I, p. 1; Webb, blood and bloodshed, letter from W. Heinemann to D. Mawson, 10 May MAC 151 AAE Had I perished, untitled appeal for funding to cover AAE debts by D. Mawson, undated. ML MSS 3022/5 Item To make matters worse, correspondence between Vickers and D. Mawson, June July MAC 137 AAE tedious, Webb, E. N. and Chree, C., Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series B, Volume I, p Mawson s Expedition, Jacka and Jacka, Mawson s Antarctic Diaries, p. xxxiii Shackleton grafted science on to exploration, Wheeler, Terra Incognita, p The first recognisable photograph, Mawson, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series B, Volume II, Part I, plate VI. Chapter 8: Martyrs to Gondwanaland (pp ) 259. Death of Captain Scott, The Daily Mail, 11 February 1913, p

24 259. Just a day before, The Evening Post (Wellington) 10 February 1913, p the Royal Geographical Society, letter from S. Keltie to Lord Curzon, 10 February RGS CB of The presence of the king, The Times, 15 February 1913, p I am just going outside, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 16/17 March Every day we have been ready, ibid, 29 March Message to the Public, ibid, March Make the boy interested, ibid, March We have found them, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p There has passed away, C. Markham Journal, 11 February RGS CRM/ horrible, horrible, The Times, 11 February 1913, p Scott rests forever in that frozen realm, Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters Association, The Japanese South Polar Expedition , p Arm-chair geographers, The Times, 27 May 1913, p not honorable, letter from C. Markham to F. Nansen, 8 March NB Brevs I took naturally a keen interest, letter from F. Nansen to C. Markham, 4 April NB Brevs I opposed the south pole, letter from C. Markham to F. Nansen, 22 July NB Brevs Great as the disaster has been, Brown, The Manchester Guardian, 12 February 1913, p Scott achieved his aim, Nottingham Evening Post, 13 February 1913, p sinking the Titanic, Caviedes, El Niño in History; Piwowar and Derksen, This connexion between the pressure departures, Simpson, Meteorology Vol. I, p In an El Niño year, Bertler and colleagues,

25 266. There can be no doubt, Simpson, Scott s Polar Journey and the Weather, p Weaving in the Australasian expedition s results, Kidson, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series B, Volume VII from March 21, Wild, The Times, 2 June 1913, p on a cold evening in January 1914, David, 1914, p great object of Antarctic exploration, Markham, The Lands of Silence, p Mawson likened Antarctic exploration, Mawson, The Home of the Blizzard Vol. I, p Decades later, Ross and colleagues, Nature Geoscience, doi: / ngeo After the expeditions of 1912, Balch, ice at the apex, David, 1914, p This geological link helped David, David, The Geology of the Hunter River Coal Measures, New South Wales We are thus confronted, David, 1914, p Could this coal-flora have flourished, ibid, p The answer to why coal was in Antarctica, Thomson and Vaughan, 2005; Dalziel, recovered all their gear, Scott, Journals: Captain Scott s Last Expedition, p specimens brought back by the Polar Party, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition Vol. II, p settle a long-standing controversy, ibid, p dark blackish slaty, shaly or coaly matter, Seward, British Antarctic ( Terra Nova ) Expedition, Natural History Report. Geology Vol. I No. 1, p There is no more glorious, Markham, The Lands of Silence, p the discovery of Glossopteris, Seward, British Antarctic ( Terra Nova ) Expedition, Natural History Report. Geology Vol. I No. 1, p

26 274. In the oceans, Chapman and Parr, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series C, Volume I King Edward Land, letter from T. W. E. David to E. Evans, 6 December ML MSS. 3022/1 C German pseudo-science, Irving, 2005, p Ironically, a focus of the Australasian effort, Mawson, Australasian Antarctic Expedition Scientific Report, Series A, Volume V; Watson and colleagues, A strong clue, Royer and colleagues, 2003, This is where penguins come in, Baker and colleagues, 2006; Cooper and Penny, 1997, Slack and colleagues, Now that the South Pole, The Times 9 March 1912, p it seems Penck did spy for Germany, Branagan, T. W. Edgeworth David, p kindled the latent fire, Shirase, 1912, p I cannot believe it is true, The Times, 11 February 1913, p Writing in his diary, Wheeler, Cherry, p The Committee, ibid, p Arriving in London on 14 April, Lady Scott. Diary, CUL Kennet D/ Scotts words in his Diary, Lord Curzon. Notes, 16 April BL MSS EUR/F112/ Curzon immediately initiated an inquiry, letter from S. T. Goldie to Lord Curzon, 18 April BL MSS EUR/F112/ As you have seen, letter from L. Beaumont to Lord Curzon, 17 April BL MSS EUR/F112/ Curzon was not so sure, letter from L. Beaumont to Lord Curzon, 19 April BL MSS EUR/F112/51; letter from L. Beaumont to K. Scott, 18 April SPRI MS Mrs Wilson told me later, Lord Curzon. Notes, 16 April BL MSS EUR/F112/51. 26

27 290. Fat pony hoosh, E. A. Wilson. Sledging Diary, 24 February BL MS Add Contemporary estimates, Stroud, Survival of the Fittest, p Curzon appears to have shut down the inquiry, letter from L. Beaumont to Lord Curzon, 24 April BL MSS EUR/F112/ Newspaper reports expressed suspicions, Fiennes, Captain Scott, p I think you had better not touch upon it, Drummond, The Daily Chronicle 13 February 1913, p Some RGS fellows privately expressed fears, letter from L. Beaumont to K. Scott, 15 March SPRI MS I should like to see that man branded the traitor and liar he is, A. Cherry- Garrard Diary, 26 January SPRI MS 559/11; Jones, The Last Great Quest, p It would be an everlasting shame, A. Cherry-Garrard Diary, 3 March SPRI MS 559/11; Jones, The Last Great Quest, p By the end of July 1913, letter from L. Beaumont to K. Scott, 15 July SPRI MS the most popular version apparently reproduced in full, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p Although Lashly would later insist, letter from W. Lashly to R. Gibbings, 4 October URL MS Curiously, the original diary entries, Ellis, Under Scott s Command; W. Lashly. Sledging Diary. 24 September 1911 to 19 February SPRI MS 890/ we start for home, Wilson, Diary of the Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic , 17 January Oriana Wilson is known, Fiennes, Captain Scott, p Now for the run home and a desperate struggle to get the news through first, Scott, Journals: Captain Scott s Last Expedition, p

28 Postscript (pp ) 295. Filchner s observations, Filchner, To the Sixth Continent; Cook and colleages, Scott s collections, Barnes and colleagues, Penguin skins collected, Sladen and colleagues, The other expeditions embraced film, Scientific American, 1913, vol. 108, p a vast store of geographic information, Anonymous, 1830, p. vii When I went South, Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, Introduction As Shackleton s Nimrod expedition, Priestley, 1977, p Science in England does everything, Fogg, 2005, p Recent expeditions have had to beg for funds, Davis, With the Aurora in the Antarctic , p romancing rather too bare-facedly, Amundsen, The South Pole Vol. II, p Has she [science] not taught, David, 1904, p A lot of people say, The Manchester Guardian, 10 February 1914, p this ability to see science, adventure and communication as one, The Times, 31 December 1913, p Science expects every man, David, 1904, p We are all adventurers here, Scott, Scott s Last Expedition, 29 August