The Origin and Development of Phrasal Verbs

Transcription

1 The Origin and Development of Phrasal Verbs The Database of Prefixed Verbs with up- and out- in Old English Masaaki KAMIYA* Abstract Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs with particles (adverbial particles and prepositions). They are frequently used in colloquial English. The origin of phrasal verbs dates back to the prefixed verbs in Old English. The aim of this paper is to extract all the prefixed verbs with up- and out-, using the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE) and to make a database of the prefixed verbs with up- and out- for the research on the origin and development of phrasal verbs. The number of the prefixed verbs with up- and out- is 2 and 36 in YCOE respectively. Key Words : Prefixed verb, Phrasal verb, Old English, Prefix, Adverbial particle, YCOE. Introduction Phrasal verbs are combinations of verb + adverbial particle, verb (+ adverbial particle) + preposition. English learners can not easily find out its meanings by looking up the individual word in an ordinary dictionary since phrasal verb has a lot of figurative or idiomatic meanings as well as a literal meaning. The origin and development of phrasal verbs (verb + adverbial particle) are attributed to two processes. () the development of prefixed verb in Old English into phrasal verb in Middle English; adverbial particle or separable prefix is moved after its verb and original phrasal verb is formed (e.g. upgan go up). (2) the development of translation of polysyllabic French verb into basic English verb + adverbial particle (e.g. extinguish put out). In this paper, we focus on the prefixed verbs in Old English. And we extract all the prefixed verbs with up- and out-, using YCOE and make a database of the prefixed verbs with up- and out- in Old English. 2. Search Method YCOE is a diachronic parsed (tagged) corpus based on the framework of generative grammar as in Brooklyn Corpus. We search for all the prefixed verbs in YCOE, using the tag PR+V since prefixed verbs are tagged RP+V. The KWIC Concordance Program for Windows (designed by Dr. Satoru Tsukamoto) is used to make a concordance of all the prefixed verbs with the tag RP+V. Then all the prefixed verbs associated with up- and out- are manually extracted from among all the prefixed verbs in a concordance. Other words as well as prefixed verbs in a concordance are still tagged. Treebank Program (designed by Dr. Satoru Tsukamoto) is also used to remove all tags marking every word in order to read it easily. The original Old and Middle English characters are described as follows. æ (ash) +a, þ (thorn) +t, ð (eth) +d *Professor, Department of General Education

2 What is YCOE? YCOE is an acronym for the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose, which is a.5 million word syntactically annotated corpus. YCOE consists of text files ; 6 files come from Helsinki Corpus and 4 files are newly added. YCOE uses the same design of syntactic annotation as Brooklyn Corpus and PPCME2 Corpus. Moreover, it is accessed by the same search engine. Verb labels in YCOE VB infinitive VBI imperative VBPI present indicative VBPS present subjunctive VBP present tense (ambiguous subjunctive/indicative) VBPH present tense (ambiguous subjunctive/imperative) VBDI past indicative VBDS past subjunctive VBD past tense (ambiguous subjunctive/indicative) VAG present participle VBN past participle In YCOE, prefixed verbs are described as particle verbs. Particle verbs (RP+VB, etc.) Verbs with a particle cliticized to the beginning are tagged RP+VB, etc. All verbs beginning with a form on the adverbial particles list have a tag beginning RP+, with the following exceptions: ONBIDIAN, ONBRYRDAN, ONBYRGAN, ONCNAWAN, ONDR+ADAN, ONETTAN, ONGIERWAN, ONGIETAN, ONGINNAN, ONHAGIAN, ONMUNAN, ONSCUNIAN, ONTENDAN, ON+TRACIAN (RP+VBPI onliht) (RP+VBDI underf+ang) (RP+VBN oferswi+dod) (RP+VB oferstigan) (RP+VAG^N for+dst+appende) Prefixed verbs are tagged RP+V. An example of prefixed verb with up- is shown as follows. coalex, Alex: upeode (RP+VBD) is past tense of upgan (meaning go up) () tagged(parsed) text ( (CODE <T2328,38.2>) (IP-MAT-SPE (CP-ADV-SPE (P Mid) (D^I +ty) (C ) (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP-TMP (ADV^T +da)) (ADVP-TMP (ADVS^T +arest)) (NP-NOM (D^N se) (N^N mona)) (RP+VBD upeode))) (ADVP-TMP (ADV^T +ta)) (VBDI gehran) (NP-NOM (PRO^N he)) (PP (P mid) (NP (PRO$ his) (N sciman))) (NP-DAT (D^D +t+am) (N^D triowum) (ADJ^D ufeweardum))) Using Treebank Program, all tags are removed from the tagged text () and plain text without tags is formed as in (2). Furthermore, special characters (+a, +d and +t) in (2) are changed into the original Old English characters to form English text (3) manually. Plain text without tags (2) Mid +ty +da +arest se mona upeode +ta gehran he mid his sciman +t+am triowum ufeweardum English text (3) Mid þy ða ærest se mona upeode þa gehran he mid his sciman þæm triowum ufeweardum ( 月が昇るとまず始めにその光で木々の上の方に触れた.(in Japanese))

3 3. Search Result The following tables indicate tokens of all the prefixed verbs with up- and out- in YCOE files. They can be basic data for the research on the prefixed verbs in Old English. In the second half of this paper, all examples are shown as DATABASE. The different sub-periods are based on Helsinki Corpus. OE I ( -85) OE II ( 85-95) OE III ( 95-5) OE IV (5-5) ME I (5-25) ME II (25-35) ME III (35-42) ME IV (42-5) Token of up- + verb, out- + verb Table OE I ( -85) * token of all prefixed verbs File Name Text Name WordCount * up- outcodocu.o codocu2.o2 Charters and Wills Charters and Wills, Table 2 OE II ( 85-95) * token of all prefixed verbs File Name Text Name Word Count * up- out- coalex.o23 cobede.o2 coblick.o23 coboeth.o2 cochad.o24 cochrona.o23 cocura.o2 codocu2.o2 codocu3.o23 codocu4.o24 cogregdc.o24 cogregdh.o23 colacnu.o23 colaece.o2 colawaf.o2 colawafint.o2 colawine.ox2 comart3.o23 comarvel.o23 coorosiu.o2 coprefcura.o2 coquadru.o23 Alexander's Letter to Aristotle Bede's History of the English Church Blickling Homilies Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy Other Saints' Lives, The Life of St. Chad Anglo-Saxon Chronicle A Cura Pastoralis Charters and Wills Charters and Wills Charters and Wills Gregory's Dialogues Gregory's Dialogues Lacnunga Bald's Leechbook Laws of Alfred Alfred's Introduction to Laws Laws of Ine Martyrology Marvels of the East Orosius Preface to Cura Pastoralis Quadrupedibus 7,27 8,767 42,56 48,443 2,659 4,583 68,556, ,553 25,593 7,99 34,727 3,34,966 2,755 25,78,89 5,2 83 4,

4 Table 3 OE III ( 95-5) * token of all prefixed verbs File Name Text Name Word Count * up- outcoadrian.o34 coaelhom.o3 coaelive.o3 coapollo.o3 cobenrul.o3 cobyrhtf.o3 cocathom.o3 cocathom2.o3 cochrone.o34 codicts.o34 coducu3.o3 coepigen.o3 coinspold.o34 colawcn.o3 colaw2cn.o3 colaw5atr.o3 colaw6atr.o3 colawger.o34 colawnorthu.o3 colsigef.o3 colsigewz.o34 colwsigexa.o34 colwstan.o3 colwstan2.o3 comargac.o34 cootest.o3 coprefcath.o3 coprefcath2.o3 coprefgen.o3 copreflives.o3 cotempo.o3 cowsgosp.o3 cowulf.o34 Adrian and Ritheus Ælfric's Homilies Supplemental Ælfric's Lives of Saints Apollonius of Tyre Benedictine Rule Byrhtferth's Manual Ælfric's Catholic Homilies I Ælfric's Catholic Homilies II Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E (*P.C.) Distichs of Cato Charters and Wills Ælfric's Epilogue to Genesis Institutes of Polity Laws of Cnut Laws of Cnut Laws of Æthelred V Laws of Æthelred VI Gerefa Northumbra Preosta Lagu Ælfric's Letter to Sigefyrth Ælfric's Letter to Sigeweard (Z) Ælfric's Letter to Wulfsige Ælfric's First Letter to Wulfstan Ælfric's Second Letter to Wulfstan Saint Margaret Heptateuch Ælfric's Preface to Catholic Homilies I Ælfric's Preface to Catholic Homilies II Ælfric's Preface to Genesis Ælfric's Preface to Lives of Saints De Temporibus Anni West-Saxon Gospels The Homilies of Wulfstan,92 62,669,93 6,545 2,4,243 6,73 98,583 4,64 2,8 7, ,53 2,386 4,76,228 2,96 75,33,648,42 3,336 4,544 4,36 4,96 59,524,35 223, ,495 7,4 28, *P.C. Peterborough Chronicle Table 4 OE IV (5-5) * token of all prefixed verbs File Name Text Name Word Count * up- outcolawwllad.o4 coleofri.o4 cosolsat.ox4 Laws of William Vision of Leofric Solomon and Saturn I 22,7 2,46 5 5

5 Table 5 4 files added in YCOE * token of all prefixed verbs File Name Text Name Word Count * up- outcoalcuin coaugust cocanedgd cocanedgx cochdrul cochristoph cochronc cochrond cocurac coeluc coeluc2 coeuphr coeust coexodusp cogenesic coherbar coinspolx cojames colsigewb colwgeat colwsiget comargat comart comart2 comary coneot conicoda conicodc conicodd conicode coprefsolilo corood cosevensl cosolilo cosolsat2 coverhom coverhome coverhoml covinceb covinsal Alcuin's De Virtutibus et Vitiis Augustine Canons of Edgar Canons of Edgar Chrodegang of Metz Saint Christopher Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C Anglo-Saxon Chronicle D Cura Pastoralis Honorius of Autun, Elucidarium Honorius of Autun, Elucidarium Saint Euphrosyne Saint Eustace and his Companions Exodus Genesis Herbarium Institutes of Polity James the Greater Ælfric's Letter to Sigeweard (B) Ælfric's Letter to Wulfgeat Ælfric's Letter to Wulfsige Saint Margaret Martyrology Martyrology Mary of Egypt Saint Neot The Gospel of Nichodemus The Gospel of Nichodemus The Gospel of Nichodemus The Gospel of Nichodemus Preface to St Augustine's Soliloquies The History of the Holy Rood-Tree The Seven Sleepers St Augustine's Soliloquies Solomon and Saturn II Vercelli Homilies Vercelli Homilies, Homily I Vercelli Homilies, Homily IX The Martyrdom of Saint Vincent (2nd half) Vindicta Salvatoris 5,549 3,765 2,8 8,386,426 22,463 26,69 2,9, ,658 5,27,96 5,224 22,23 4,896,659 3,665 2, ,66,3 4,39 8,8 2,3 8,97 4,629,798, ,92 9,43 5,856,235 45,674 4,463, , prefixed verbs with up- and 36 prefixed verbs with out- are manually selected from among all the prefixed verbs in files as follows.

6 ( ) indicates meaning. [ ] indicates token, followed by its corresponding Present-day English verb. means obsolete. up- () upadon (do up) [] updon [] do (2) upagon (go up) [2] upgan [8] go (3) upahebban (heave up) [2] uppahebban [6] uphebban [2] upphebban [] uponhebban [] heave (4) upahon (hang up) [] upahangian [] hang (5) uparæran (rear up) [5] rear (6) uparisan (rise up) [] rise (7) upaspringan (spring up) [] upspringan [4] spring (8) upaspryttan (sprout out) [] sprit (9) upastandan (stand up) [] upstandan [] stand () upastigan (rise) [4] upstigan [6] uppstigan [2] sty () upastreccan (stretch up) [] stretch (2) upaweallan (boil) [] wall (meaning boil) (3) upcuman (come up) [4] uppcuman [] come (4) upgetiegan (tie up) [] tie (5) upræcan (reach up) [] reach (6) upsceawian (show up) [] show (7) upteon (draw up) [] tee (8) upwegan (weigh up) [2] weigh (9) upweorpan (throw) [] warp (2) upyrnan (run up) [4] uppyrnan [] run out- () utadon (do out) [3] do (2) utadrifan (drive out)[29] utdrifan [6] drive (3) utahræcan (spit) [] OED reach v 2 (meaning spit) (4) utalædan (lead out)[] utlædan [5] utgelædan [2] lead (5) utamæran (drive out) [2] amæran (6) utasceotan (shoot out)[] utsceotan [2] shoot (7) utascufan (shove out) [] shove (8) utaslean (break out)[] utslean [4] slay (9) utawegan (weigh out) [] weigh () utaweorpan (throw out) [6] utweorpan [] warp () utæþmian (breathe out) [] æþmian (2) utberstan (burst out) [2] burst (3) utblawan (blow out) [] blow (4) utbrecan (break out) [] break (5) utbringan (bring out) [2] bring (6) utcuman (come out) [2] come (7) utdragan (draw out) [2] draw (8) utfaran (travel) [3] fare (9) utferan (go out) [5] fere (2) utfleogan (fly out) [] fly

7 (2) utflowan (flow out) [3] flow (22) utforlætan (cast out)[4] forlet (23) utgan (go out) [63] utgangan [26] utgongan [] go (24) utgewendan (turn) [] wend (25) utfeohtan (take by assault) [] fight (26) uthleapan (leap out) [] leap (27) utlagian (outlaw) [8] law (28) utlætan (let out) [2] let (29) utræsan (rush out) [2] rese (3) utræcan (reach out)[] reach (3) utscufan (push out) [] shove (32) utsendan (send out) [] send (33) utsion (issue out) [2] sion (34) utteon (draw out) [3] tee (35) uttogeotan (spill) [] yet (36) utyrnan (run out) [3] run 4. Concluding Remarks Using the diachronic tagged corpus, YCOE, all the prefixed verbs with up- and out- were extracted in files. The number of the prefixed verbs with up- and out- is 2 and 36 in files respectively. In this paper we can provide the basic data (DATABASE) with researchers who are interested in the prefixed verbs in Old English. In the next paper, we will consider how the prefixed verbs in Old English are developed into phrasal verbs in Middle English and will make a correspondence table of prefixed verbs in Old English and their existing prefixed verbs in Present-day English and phrasal verbs This paper was written with the support of Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C (General) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. [Title:Diachronic Study of the Origin and Development of Phrasal Verbs (FY 25, No.5K2625) ] Principal Investigator: KAMIYA, Masaaki Contact address: kamiya@toyota-ct.ac.jp (Professor at National Institute of Technology, Toyota College) Co-Investigator (renkei-kenkyusha): TAKAHASHI, Kaoru (Professor at Tokyo University of Science) References () Cruz, De la, J.M. The Origins of the Germanic Phrasal Verb, Indogermanische Forschungen 77/: 73996, 973. (2) Masaaki, KAMIYA "The Decline of the Verbal Prefix to-: Using the Helsinki Corpus," Journal of Toyota National College of Technology. Vol. 34. pp (in English) (3) Masaaki, KAMIYA The Adverbial Particle and the Verbal Prefix in Old English---Using the Brooklyn-Geneva-Amsterdam-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English---, Journal of Toyota National College of Technology Vol. 35. pp (in Japanese) (4) Masaaki, KAMIYA On the Verbal Prefix for- in the West Saxon Gospel Matthew and the Wycliffite Bible Matthew, Journal of Toyota National College of Technology. Vol. 47. pp (in Japanese)

8 DATABASE for the research on the origin and development of phrasal verbs coalex.o23 upgan upwendan upteon ()coalex,alex: upgan go up tagged (parsed) text [] ( (CODE <T2328,38.2>) (IP-MAT-SPE (CP-ADV-SPE (P Mid) (D^I +ty) (C ) (IP-SUB-SPE (ADVP-TMP (ADV^T +da)) (ADVP-TMP (ADVS^T +arest)) (NP-NOM (D^N se) (N^N mona)) (RP+VBD upeode))) (ADVP-TMP (ADV^T +ta)) (VBDI gehran) (NP-NOM (PRO^N he)) (PP (P mid) (NP (PRO$ his) (N sciman))) (NP-DAT (D^D +t+am) (N^D triowum) (ADJ^D ufeweardum))) plain text without tags [2] Mid +ty +da +arest se mona upeode +ta gehran he mid his sciman +t+am triowum ufeweardum English text [3] Mid þy ða ærest se mona upeode þa gehran he mid his sciman þæm triowum ufeweardum ( 月が昇るとまず始めにその光で木々の上の方に触れた.(in Japanese)) (2)coalex,Alex: upwendan [] ( (IP-MAT-SPE (BEDI w+aron) (NP-DAT-ADT (PRO^D him)) (NP-NOM (D^N +ta) (N^N breost)) (RP+VBN^N upgewende)) [2] w+aron him +ta breost upgewende [3] wæron him þa breost upgewende (3)coalex,Alex: up []( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ ac) (NP-NOM (PRO^N hie)) (NP-ACC (D^A +ta) (ADJ^A gewunelican) (N^A fixas) (CP-REL-SPE (WNP-NOM- ) (C +te) (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-NOM *T*-) (PP (P in) (NP-DAT (D^D +t+am) (N^D mere))) (BEDI w+aron)))) (PP (P mid) (NP-DAT (PRO$ hiora) (N^D cleum))) (RP+VBDI uptugon)) [2] ac hie +ta gewunelican fixas +te *T*- in +t+am mere w+aron mid hiora cleum uptugon [3] ac hie þa gewunelican fixas þe in þæm mere wæron mid hiora cleum uptugon From hence, only English texts are shown. cobede.o2 up 2 [upyrnan(iernan) 4, upcuman 2, upastigan 2, upadon, uphebban, upgan, upaweallan ] ()cobede,bedehead: ðæt se steorra ætywde, se is cometa nemned, & þreo monað wæs wuniende, and symble on uhtatid wæs upyrnende. (2)cobede,Bede_3: ða æfter Esaies witedome, in þæm cleofum, ær dracan eardodon, wære upyrnende grownes hreodes & rixa : (3)cobede,Bede_: þæs cyninges tidum se Arrianisca gedwola wæs upcumen; (4)cobede,Bede_: Gif þonne of scondlicum geþohte þæs wæccendan upcymeð seo bysmrung slæpendes, hwæt þonne openað þæm moode his scyld;

9 (5)cobede,Bede_3: Ond eft æfter monegum gearum Hædde biscop heht his lichoman upadon & lædan to Wintaceastre (6)cobede,Bede_4: & in uhttide wæs upeornende (7)cobede,Bede_4: Ac hwæðre cuðran gewitnesse Cyneferð læce, se æt hire wæs, þa heo forðferde & eft þa hire lichoman mon of byrgenne uphof. (8)cobede,Bede_5: Ealle ða heanesse þara upastigendra lega fulle wæron monna gasta, þa on onlicnesse upastigendra yselena mid rece, hwilum in heanesse beoð up worpene,.. (9)cobede,Bede_5: Ealle ða heanesse þara upastigendra lega fulle wæron monna gasta, þa on onlicnesse upastigendra yselena mid rece, hwilum in heanesse beoð up worpene, ()cobede,bede_5: Swelce eac unaræfnedlic fullness wæs mid þæs fyres þrosme uppawallende, ()cobede,bede_5: Oðer hiora foreeode þa sunnan on morgen, þonne hio upgangende wæs, (2)cobede,Bede_5: oþer on æfenne æfterfyligde, þonne hio on setl eode, swa swa hie witegan were grimmes wæles uppeornendre sunnan samed & setlgongendre, out 7 [utgan 3, utamæran 2, utweorpan, utfleogan ] ()cobede,bede_5: ond ealle þa ðe æt his lichoman woepende sæton mid unmæte ege geslægene weron & utflugon butan his wiif an, ðe hine swiðust lufade, (2)cobede,Bede_5: & het utgan (3)cobede,Bede_5: & mid þy hi ða sum fæc somod sæton & sumu þing forhte sprecan ongunnon be þam upplican domum Godes ælmihtiges, ða het se biscop ða oðre broðru sumu hwile utgan, (4)cobede,Bede_4: & ic forþon of þeossum gebeorscipe uteode, (5)cobede,Bede_4: Ond of ðæm mynstre uteode oft onwalge wucan, hwilum twa oððe ðreo ; (6)cobede,Bede_3: oððe cuðlice utworpen wæren & in forhogdnisse hæfde, & fotum treden (7)cobede,Bede_4: Forþon sumre neahte, þa se sealmsong gefylled wæs þæs uhtlecan lofsonges, þa wæron ða Cristes þeowe utgongende of cirican to byrgenne þara broðra, þa ðe heo of þissum leohte foreeodon, (8)cobede,Bede_4: þeos sweostor sumre neahte, þa hit dagian ongon, wæs utgongende of hire cleofan, þe heo inwunade. (9)cobede,Bede_4: Cwæð he, þætte sawl butan ængum sare & mid micle beorhtnesse leohtes wære utgongende of lichoman: ()cobede,bede_4: & ane dæge & ðy ilcan, ðæt is ðy ðreotteoðan dæge Kalendarum Aprelium, þæt hie wæron of lichoman utgongende. ()cobede,bede_5: ða gesegon we in Farne ðæm ealonde Gode ðone leofan fæder Aeðelwald of his deagolnissum utgongende,þæt he wolde userne siðfæt sceawian & geseon hwæt us gelumpe; (2)cobede,Bede_5: & wæs utgongende. (3)cobede,Bede_5: & cwæð : Sona þæs ðe se biscop orationem ofer me arædde & me geblætsode & gesægnode & utgongende wæs, sona ic wæs wyrpende (4)cobede,Bede_: Ond þa æfter þon þe se here wæs ham hweorfende & heo hæfdon utamærede þa bigengan þisses ealondes, ða ongunnon heo sticcemælum mod & mægen monian ; (5)cobede,Bede_: Ne wæs æfre ænig cyninga ne aldormonna, þætte ma heora londa utamærde & him to gewealde underþeodde; (6)cobede,Bede_: ac þa ðe utgongað of muðe, þa seondan þe þone monnan besmiteð. (7)cobede,Bede_: & cwæð : Of heortan utgongað yfele geþohtas.

10 coblick.o23 up 7 [upahebban 4, upastandan, upastigan, upræcan ] ()coblick,homs_8_[blhom_2]: & forðon God to us niþer astahg þe he wolde þæt we wæron upahafene to his godcundnesse. (2)coblick,HomS_8_[BlHom_2]: ah hie beoð upahafene on oforhygde (3)coblick,HomU_2_[BlHom_]: & þa deadan upastandaþ, (4)coblick,HomS_46_[BlHom_]: þa hie þa in þone heofon locodan æfter him, & hie Drihten gesawon upastigendne, þa stodan him twegen weras big on hwitum hræglum. (5)coblick,LS_2_[AssumptMor[BlHom_3]]: & Drihten ealle eaþmode upahefþ on ecnesse. (6)coblick,LS_32_[PeterandPaul[BlHom_5]]: he wæs on rihte rode upahafen ; (7)coblick,LS_7._[MartinMor[BlHom_7]]: ða he þa se hæþena man upræhte mid þære swiþran handa, & hine slean mynte, ða feol he færinga onbæcling, out 4 [utgan, utferan, utlædan, utalædan] ()coblick,homu_8_[blhom_]:9.7.7 & of þæm uteode swa swa brydguma of his brydbure. (2)coblick,LS_32_[PeterandPaul[BlHom_5]]: & deoflum bebead þæt hie of deofolseocum mannum utferdon, (3)coblick,LS_.2_[AndrewMor[BlHom_9]]: & þa unrihtan men ineodan on þæt carcern, þæt hie þa men utlædan woldan & him to mete don. (4)coblick,LS_.2_[AndrewMor[BlHom_9]]: æfter þon ic sende to þe Andreas þinne broþor, þæt he þe utalædeþ of þyssum carcerne, & ealle þa ðe mid þe syndon. cochrona.o23 up [upcuman ] ()cochrona-,chrona_[plummer]:.7.4 Ond þæs ymb vi gear þæs þe hie upcuomon geeodon West Seaxna rice, out 3 [utræsan, utfaran, utascufan] ()cochrona-cc,chrona_[plummer]: & þa utræsde on hine, (2)cochronA-2b,ChronA_[Plummer]: þa com þæm Deniscum scipum þeh ær flod to, ær þa Cristnan mehten hira utascufan (3)cochronA-2b,ChronA_[Plummer]: þa he ða eft þonan utfaran wolde, þa het he beodan ofer ealle þa fird þæt hie foron ealle ut ætsomne. cocura.o2 up 89 [upahebban 8, uparæran 5, upastigan 2, upaspryttan, upsceawian ] ()cocura,cphead: ðætte on oðre wisan sint to monianne ða ofermodan & ða upahafenan on hira mode, on oðre wisan ða earmheortan & ða wacmodan. (2)cocura,CP: & eac we magon oncnawan ðæt, ðæt ða earman & ða untruman sient to retanne, & ða ofermodan & ða upahafenan ne sient no to weorðianne, (3)cocura,CPHead: ðætte on oðre wisan sint to monianne ða eaðmodan, on oðre wisan ða uppahæfenan on hira mode (4)cocura,CPHead: ðonne hwa ðis eall gefylled hæbbe, hu he ðonne sceal hine selfne geðencean & ongætan, ðylæs hine auðer oððe his lif oððe his lar to upahebbe. (5)cocura,CP: ac ic tæle ðæt hine mon forðy upahebbe on his mode ; (6)cocura,CP: & eft, ðeah ðe ðæt gecynd & sio endebyrdnes ðæs carbuncules hine upahebbe, his blioh hine gescent.

11 (7)cocura,CP: ðonne hwa ðis eall gefylled hæbbe, hu he ðonne sceal hine selfne geðencan & ongietan, ðyl+as hine auðer, oððe his lif oððe his lar to upahebbe. (8)cocura,CP: & his unmehta hine gemyndgað, ðylæs he hine upahebbe for his cræftum. (9)cocura,CP: Hie ðonne se eca & se diegla dema upahefeð suelce he hi nyte, ()cocura,cp: & micle ðy læs he ongiet ða bierhto ðæs soðan leohtes ðonne he hiene upahefeð on his mode on suelc gielp & on suelc selflice ; ()cocura,cp: & ðonne hine selfne sua healice upahefeð on sumum ðingum (2)cocura,CP: he cæð : ælc ðara ðe hine selfne upahefeð, he wierð gehined. (3)cocura,CP: ða ðonne ðe Godes fiond bioð, ðeah hi on ðære winstran handa bion geðigene, hi beoð mid ðære swiðran tobrocene, ðæt is ðætte oft ðis andwearde lif upahefeð ða yfelan, (4)cocura,CP: Se sit, swelce he sitte on ðæm stole ðæs forhwierfdan gemotes, se ðe hine upahefeð on ða ofermetto swelcre unryhtwisnesse ðætte he fullfremme hwelc yfel huru ðurh geðeaht. (5)cocura,CP: & he ðær ðonne swiðe hefiglice on giefielð, forðæm ðe he afelð beforan ðæm Gode ðe eaðmodnesse lareow is, ðonne he hine upahefeð beforan him selfum for his cræftum. (6)cocura,CP: On ðæm gesundfulnessum ðæt mod wierð upahafen ; (7)cocura,CP: & on ðæm earfeðum, ðeah hit ær upahafen wære, hit bið geeaðmedd. (8)cocura,CP: Hwæt se Babylonia cyning wæs suiðe upahafen on his mode for his anwalde & for his gelimpe, ða he fægnode ðæs miclan weorces & fægernesse ðærre ceastre, (9)cocura,CP: Ac ðæt mennisce mod bið oft upahafen, ðeah hit mid nane anwalde ne sie underled ; (2)cocura,CP: ne beo ðu ðeah to upahafen, (2)cocura,CP: & se to ðreatiganne & to breganne, se ðe bið upahafen mid ðy gefean & mid ðy gielpe ðisse worulde; ðætte ða sorgfullan ongieten ðæt him becumað ða welan ðe him gehatene sint, ðeah hi hi ðonne git ne geseon ; (22)cocura,CP: ðeah sio tunge eaðmodlice licge, ðæt mod bið suiðe upahafen, (23)cocura,CP: ðeah he geseo lifes weg, he ne mæg medomlice ongan, ðonne he hæfð to godum weorce gewunad, & læt ðonne ðæt aslacian, & hit nyle uparæran to ðam staðole fulfremedes weorces ; (24)cocura,CP: ond ðonne hie gehierað awuht be ðæm gode ðæs hefonlican rices, ðonne ahefegiað hira heortan ða byrðenna ðæs forhwirfdan gewunan ðætte hie ne magon hiera geðohtes staðol uparæran. (25)cocura,CP: & mid ðære geornfulnesse & mid ðære wilnunge ðisse worlde & hiere welena bið asmorod ðæt sæd Godes worda, ðeah hie upaspryttæn, ðæt hie ne moten fulgrowan ne wæstmbære weorðan. (26)cocura,CP: Ac se ege ðonne he geeaðmed ðæt mod he hit geclænsað, ðylæs sio gedyrstignes his modes hine to uppahebbe, oððe ðæs flæsces lusðfulnes hiene besmite, (27)cocura,CP: ond ða wunderlice dome gewearð ðæt he geearnode mid his agne inngeðonce ðone pytt ðe he on aworpen wearð, ða he hine his agnes ðonces upahof on sua healicne anwald. (28)cocura,CP: Be ðæm wæs eft gecweden ðurh ðone salmsceop : ðu hie geniðrades, ða hi hi selfe upahofon. (29)cocura,CP: ðæt he ne ðyrfe an nane healfe anbugan to nanum fullicum & synlicum luste, ne eac ne ðyrfe bion to upahæfen for nanum wlencum ne for nanre orsorgnesse, (3)cocura,CP: & sua suiðe sua he wæs upahæfen to ðæm ungesewenlicum, he ðeah gehwyrfde his heortan eage, & for mildheortnesse gebigde his mod to untrumra monna diogolnessum. (3)cocura,CP:

12 he sceal bion wið ðara agyltendra unðeawas upahæfen for ðæm andan his ryhtwisnesse, (32)cocura,CP: For ðiosum ðonne oft gebyreð ðæt se reccere on his mode wirð upahæfen, & wierð aðunden on ofermetto, ðonne he sua suiðe oðre oferhlifað ðætte ealle licggeað under his willan, (33)cocura,CP: & gerisenlices geðencð, ðonne ne ligeð he eallinga on ðære eorðan sua ða creopendan wuhta, ac bið hwæthwugu upahæfen sua ðæt neat from eorðan ; (34)cocura,CP: Hwæt is ðienga ðe bieterre sie on ðæs lareowes mode, oððe hit suiður gehierste & gegremige ðonne se anda ðe for ryhtwisnesse bið upahæfen? (35)cocura,CP: Forðæm oft se welega & se wædla habbað sua gehweorfed hira ðeawum ðæt se welega bið eaðmod & sorgfull, & se wædla bið upahæfen & selflice. (36)cocura,CP: Forðæm him is micle ieðre to gestieganne on ðone ryhtan wisdom ðonne ðæm lytegan sie to anbuganne, forðæm ðe he bið ær upahæfen on selflice for his lotwrencium. (37)cocura,CP: & ðæt gode mod ðe sio hælo ful oft aweg adriefð ðæt gemynd ðære medtrymnesse geedniewað, ðætte ðæt mod ðe ofer his mæð bið upahæfen gemyne of ðæm suingum ðe ðæt flæsc ðolað to hwæm eal monncynn gesceapen is (38)cocura,CP: he cuæð : ælc ðara ðe bið geeaðmed, he bið upahæfen. (39)cocura,CP: he cuæð : ær ðæs monnes hryre bið ðæt mod upahæfen. (4)cocura,CP: ac he wilnode ðæt he wære ongieten upahæfen ofer ealle oðre gesceafte. (4)cocura,CP: hi sint to manienne ðæt hi geornlice hi selfe ongieten, forðæm ðe hiora mod bið swiðe oft upahæfen, forðæm ðe hi hi habbað swa wærlice gehealden wið ða lytlan scylda. (42)cocura,CP: ; Forðæm ðæt hi ongiten feallende ðæt hie ær hiora agnes ðonces ne stodon, ðætte ðæt mod, ðe ær wæs upahæfen for lytlum gode, si ðonne gebiged to miclum yfele. (43)cocura,CP: Ac him is ðonne micel ðearf ðæt he hine hrædlice selfne gewundige mid ðy ege ðæt he him ondræde, ðylæs he weorðe upahæfen for his wordum ; (44)cocura,CP: & geræcð him ðonne to geleafsuman ðæt he sie se gesælgosta on eallum cræftum ofer ealle oðre men, oððæt he wyrð aðunden & upahæfen on his mode. (45)cocura,CP: he cwæð : Astig eft ofdune ðonan ðe ðu wenst ðæt ðu wlitegost sie. Swelce he openlice cwæde : For ðæm wlite ðinra cræfta ðu wurde upahæfen, (46)cocura,CP: ðonne bið ðæt mod upahæfen for ðære fortruwunga his cræfta, ðonne hit for hiora geearnunga gilpð, & orsorglice fægnað on him selfum. (47)cocura,CP: Forðæm ælc mod swa hit bið upahæfen swa bið hit forlæten from Gode, (48)cocura,CP: Swelce hine God openlice manode, & him to cwæde : Ne beo ðu to upahæfen on ðinum mode for ðæm ðingum ðe ðu gesihst, (49)cocura,CP: Forðæm ða godan lareowas upsceawiende no ðæt an wilniað secean & sceawian ðæt halige heafod ðære halgan gesomnunge, ðæt is Dryhten, (5)cocura,CP: Forðæm ðonne sio lufu for mildheortnesse nieðerastigeð, & hio hie geðied to his niehstena ðearfe, ðonne hio suiðe wunderlice upastigeð ; (5)cocura,CP: & sua micle sua hio estelicor ofdune astigeð, sua hio ieðelicor upastigeð ; (52)cocura,CP: For ðeosun illcan is eac gesæd on ðæm godspelle hwelc wite scolde ðrowian se upahafena ðegn æfter ðam anfangnan rice ; (53)cocura,CP: Forðæm sceal se lareow suiðe hrædlice wendan his tungan ongean ðæt ðe he ongiet ðæt ðæs monnes inngeðonc bið, forðæm ðæt se earma upahafena sie mid his wordum geðreatod (54)cocura,CP: & ælce dæge geornfullice smeað ða bebodu halegra gewrita, ðætte on him sie upparæred se cræft ðære giemenne ymbe ða foresceawunga ðæs hefonlican lifes,

13 (55)cocura,CP: & on oðre wisan ða slawan, on oðre ða ðe beoð to hrade ; & on oðre wisan ða manðuæran, on oðre ða grambæran ; & on oðre wisan ða eaðmodan, on oðre ða upahæfenan ; & on oðre wisan ða anwillan, on oðre ða ungestæððegan & unfæsðrædan ; (56)cocura,CP: ðætte on oðre wisan sint to monianne ða ofermodan & ða upahæfenan on hira mode, on oðre wisan ða earmheortan & ða wacmodan. (57)cocura,CP: ðætte on oðre wisan sint to monianne ða eaðmodan, on oðre wisan ða upahæfenan on hira mode. (58)cocura,CP: On oðre wisan sint to manianne ða eaðmodan, on oðre ða upahæfenan. (59)cocura,CP: Gehieren eac ða upahæfenan hu gewitende ða ðing sint ðe hie gietsiað, & hu eciu ða sint ðe hie forhycgað, & forleosan willað. (6)cocura,CP: Gehieren eac ða upahæfenan on hiera mode hwæt he eft cuæð, (6)cocura,CP: Gehieren eac ða upahæfenan on hira mode hu he eft cuæð, (62)cocura,CP: Gehieren ða upahæfenan hwæt Salomon cuæð, (63)cocura,CP: Gehieren ða upahæfenan : Dryhten ongiet suiðe feorran ða heahmodnesse. (64)cocura,CP: Gehieren ða upahæfenan hwæt Salomon cuæð (65)cocura,CP: Gehieren ða upahæfenan hwæt awriten is be hira heafde & be hiera lareowe, ðæt is dioful : (66)cocura,CP: Oft eac ða upahæfenan, ðeah hie hwilum unforwandodlice sprecen, ðonne hie hwelces unðeawes stiran sculon, ðonne gesugiað hie for ege, (67)cocura,CP: Ac ða upahæfenan, ðonne hie licettað ðæt him ne sie nawuhtes cearu ofer ða ryhtwisnesse, weorðað ðonne unmidlode sua & aðundene geniedde mid hiera upahæfenesse ðæt hie ða tælað &... (68)cocura,CP: Forðæm sint to manianne ða upahæfenan ðæt hie ne sien bealdran & orsorgran ðonne hie scylen, (69)cocura,CP: Oft we magon eac ða upahæfenan ðy bet gelæran to urum willan, gif we him cyðað hu micle ðearfe we hiera habbað, suelce we maran ðearfe hæbban ðæt hie geðeon ðonne hie selfe, (7)cocura,CP: La ah ðeahhwæðre se foreðancula wer, forðæm ðe he spræc to ðæm upahæfenan, he bæd his fultumes, swelce him niedðerf wære ; (7)cocura,CP: ða oðre sint to breganne, ðylæs hi sien for hiera wlencum to upahæfene. (72)cocura,CP: ; ðylæs hie for ðære ryhtlæcinge weorðen upahæfene, & on ofermetto gewiten. (73)cocura,CP: & eft cuæð Paulus : ða ðe woruldmonnum ðynceað dysige, ða geciesð Dryhten, forðæm ðæt he ða lytegan, ðe mid ðissum woroldwrencium bioð upahæfene, gescende. (74)cocura,CP: ða fortruwodnesse & ða anwilnesse an Corinctheum Paulus ongeat suiðe wiðerweardne wið hine, & betweoh him selfum suiðe aðundene & upahæfene ; (75)cocura,CP: & ge ðæs næfdon nane sorge, & noldon from eow adon ða ðe ðæt dydon, ac wæron sua upahæfene sua ge ær wæron. Suelce he openlice cuæde : (76)cocura,CP: ðonne ðreað ðæt dumbe neat ðone unwisan monn, ðonne ðæt gebrocode flæsc gelærð ðæt upahæfene mod to ryhttre & to nyttwyrðre eaðmodnesse. (77)cocura,CP: ðylæs hie wenen ðæt hit anlipe micellre geearnunge mægen sie, & ðonne weorðen on hiera mode forðy to upahæfene. (78)cocura,CP: Hwy sculon hie ðonne beon forðæm upahæfene & aðundene on hira mode? (79)cocura,CP: Eac sint to manigenne ða ðe ðissa hwilendlicra ðinga wilniað, & him ðeah sum broc & sumu wiðerweardnes hiera forwiernð, ðætte hie geornfullice geðencen ðætte oft ryhtwise menn mid ðys hwilendlican anwealde weorðað upahæfene,

14 (8)cocura,CP: ac ða mon sceal swa micle ma hatan ðonne biddan sua man ongiet ðæt hie for ðissum woruldwlencum bioð suiður upahafene & on ofermettum aðundene (8)cocura,CP: & murkien for hira unfullfremednesse, ðeah hi beorhte scinen on sumum wunderlicun cræftum ; ðæt hi hi for ðæm miclum ðingum ne mægen to upahebban, ða hwile ðe hi ne magon gebetan ðæt lytle ; (82)cocura,CP: Hwæt hie magon geðencean ðæt fugla briddas, gif hie ær wilniað to fleoganne, ær hira feðra fulweaxene sin, ðætte sio wilnung hie geniðrað ðe hi ær upahefð, oð hie forweorðað. (83)cocura,CP: Gehæft bið hiora cræft, & hira wlite on hiora feonda hond gelæd, ðonne se ealda feond onwald hæfð ðæs beswicenan modes for ðære upahæfennesse, ðonne hit hit upahefð for godum weorcum. (84)cocura,CP: Oft eac, ðonne hwone mara wisdom uparæð ðonne oðre menn, ðonne wile he hiene ascadan from oðerra monna geferrædenne, (85)cocura,CP: Secgað eac ðæm upahæfenum ðætte, ðonne ðonne hie hie selfe upahebbað, ðæt hie ðonne afeallað on ða biesene ðæs aworpnan engles (86)cocura,CP: ðæm upahæfenum is to cyðanne hwelc nawuht ðes woruldgielp is ðe hie clyppað & lufiað, & his nawuht habbað, ðeah hie wenen ðæt hie hiene hæbben. (87)cocura,CP: Secgað eac ðæm upahæfenum ðætte, ðonne ðonne hie hie selfe upahebbað, ðæt hie ðonne afeallað on ða biesene ðæs aworpnan engles. (88)cocura,CP: Sua mon sceal on ðæm upahæfenum monnum ðone fruman & ðone ingong ðære ðreatunga & ðære tælinge gemetgian, & wið heringe gemengan, ðætte hie for ðære licunga ðære heringe (89)cocura,CP: & ðonne hie eal ða halgan gewritu ryhtlice ongiten hæbben, ðæt hie ne forgiten hwæt bi ðæm upahæfenum gecweden is, out 7 [utforlætan 4, utgangan 2, utlætan 2, utadrifan 2, utaweorpan 2, utaslean, utasceotan, utbringan, utflowan, uttogeotan ] ()cocura,cp: ðonne bið se lichoma hreof, ðonne se bryne ðe on ðæm innoðe bið utaslihð to ðære hyde. (2)cocura,CP: & ðonne fereð utweardes to ðære hyde, oððæt hio utasciet on weorc. (3)cocura,CP: Hit is awriten ðæt he scolde inngongende & utgongende beforan Gode to ðam halignessum beon gehiered his sueg, ðylæs he swulte. (4)cocura,CP: Hit is gecueden ðæt se sacerd scolde sweltan, gif se sueg nære of him gehiered ægðer ge inngongendum ge utgongendum, forðon he geniet ðone dieglan deman to irre, gif he inngæð butan ðam swege ðære lare. (5)cocura,CP: ond ðonon utbrohte ðæm folce, (6)cocura,CP: Forðæm for ðæm unðeawe ðære ungeðylde wirð utadrifen sio fostermodur ælcre leornunga & ælces cræftes, (7)cocura,CP: Hwæt we wieton ðæt sio diegle wund bið sarre ðonne sio opene, forðam ðæt worsm ðæt ðærinne gehweled bið, gif hit bið utforlæten, ðonne bið sio wund geopenod to hælo ðæs sares. (8)cocura,CP: ðæt hie him ne helen forhwy hi hie tælen on hiera geðohte, forðæm sio spræc cymð hiora ægðrum to hælo, forðam ðe hie ægðer ge ðæt gehwelede on ðæm oðrum geopenað & utforlæt, (9)cocura,CP: Ac se se ðe ðone wer bricð, & ðæt wæter utforlæt, se bið fruma ðæs geflites. ()cocura,cp: Be ðæm wæs suiðe wel gecweden ðurh ðone wisan Salomon, ðætte se se ðæt wæter utforlete wære fruma ðære towesnesse.

15 ()cocura,cp: Ac se wisa Salomon sæde ðætte suiðe deop pol wære gewered on ðæs wisan monnes mode, & suiðe lytel unnyttes utfleowe. (2)cocura,CP: ðæt is ðonne ðæt mon his wætru utlæte, ðæt se lareow mid ðy cræfte his lareowdomes utane on oðre menn giote, oððæt hie innan gelærede weorðen. (3)cocura,CP: Ac ðonne we doð ægðer, ge we ða wætru todælað æfter kyninga herestrætum, ge eac us selfe habbað, ðonne ðonne we swiðe wide uttogeotað ða lare, (4)cocura,CP: Gehieren eac ða ðe oninnan him gedigliað & gehydað ða godcundan lare ðone egeslican Godes cwide ðe to him gecweden is, forðæm ðæt se ege ðone oðerne ege utadrife, (5)cocura,CP: he cwæð : Todælnessa ðara wætera utleton min eagan. (6)cocura,CP: & fætað in æfter ðære ondetnesse ðæt ilce yfel ðæt hi ær mid ðære ondetnesse & hreowsunga utawurpun. (7)cocura,CP: & ðeah hit wilnað ðæs ilcan ðe sio hlude yð deð on ðære hreon sæ, buton hit mon ær utaweorpe. cogregdc.o24 up [uppcuman ] ()cogregdc,gd [C]: þa þy æfterfylgendan Sunnandæge ær þæs uppcumendan leohtes dagunge he gecigde his daiconas twegen him to out 7 [utgangan 7, utgan 4, utfaran 3, utadrifan 2, utferan ] () cogregdc,gd [C]: & þa þa he for þæs mynstres þearfe, swa swa he ær gecweden hæfde, wæs utfarende, hine þa manige his cuðra manna geornlice acsodon, ge æþelcunde ge oðre, þa þe hine symble swiðe arodon. (2)cogregdC,GD [C]: & sona swa þæt gehyrde se Drihtnes wer Nonnosus, he styrde hi þa mid mycelre eadmodnysse, þæt þæt swa beon ne mihte, þy læs hit gelumpe, þæt þa broðra utfarende of þam mynstre, (3)cogregdC,GD [C]: & þone ylcan Basilium of ðæs mynstres eardunge utadrifon. (4)cogregdC,GD [C]: & þa þa he utadrifen wæs, he cwæð : gelomlice ic wæs mid minum drycræftum Equities cytan & mynster ahonde, (5)cogregdC,GD [C]: & ongan his geferan swiðe þreagan, þæt hi scoldon on þa tid utfaran (6)cogregdC,GD [C]: & swa hwæt swa man mihte gedon þæt þær uteode, þeah þe hit medmycel ele wære, þæt man þæt to him sylfum brohte. (7)cogregdC,GD [C]: & mid langum onsangum hi golon on, oð þæt se deofol of hire uteode, þe hi ær in gefor. (8)cogregdC,GD_2_[C]: þa wæs þæt þus geworden, þæt on morgene heo uteode mid swa halum & gesundum andgyte, swylce heo næfre ænig ungewit oððe unhæle hire heafodes næfde. (9)cogregdC,GD [C]: & utgangendum eallum þam oþrum broðrum he hine gebæd lange hwile. ()cogregdc,gd [C]: Eac þær gelamp wundorlic wise, þæt þa þa se arwyrða wer Anastasius utferde of his lichaman, þa wæs sum broður in þam ylcan mynstre, þe ofer hine libban nolde, ()cogregdc,gd [C]: & het ealle þanon utgan, buton he ana mid anum lytlum cnihte þær wunode (2)cogregdC,GD [C]: & he þa sona wæs utgangende of þære cyrcan (3)cogregdC,GD [C]: ða sona swa se Godes wer þa word gecweden hæfde, swa wæron hi sona ealle utgangende, þæt þær nan anlipig binnan þam fæce þæs wurtgeardes to lafe ne wunode. (4)cogregdC,GD [C]:

16 Soðlice he cwæð, þæt on þa tid þe he mid his meder on cnihthade eardode, he wæs utgangende of hire huse, & full oft butan his kemese & eac gelomlice butan his tunecan he eft on hire huse cyrde (5)cogregdC,GD_2_[C]: þa þa se ylca arwyrða wer Benedictus wæs in his mynstre, þa wæs utgangende se foresprecena cniht Placidus se munuc þæs halgan weres to hladane wæter of þære ea. (6)cogregdC,GD_2_[C]: & hit geclypod wæs fram þam deacone æfter þam þeawe, þæt þa þa to husle ne eodon, eodon ut of þære cyrican, hi næron þa ofer þæt gesewene utgangende of þære cyrican. (7)cogregdC,GD_2_[C]: & upp ahafenum his eagum in þa lyft he geseah þære ylcan his swuster sawle utgangende of hire lichaman in culfran ansyne, & þæt heo gesohte heofones deogolnesse. cogregdho23 up 3 [upspringan, upahebban, uppyran ] ()cogregdh,gdpref [H]: þæt þu ongunne hwæthwega gebrecan on þone wisdom þære gereccednysse, forþam þe swiðe gelic trymming byð upsprungen of gemynde þara mægna godra wera. (2)cogregdH,GD [H]: ða færinga wæs geworden þoden of heofenum, se uppahof & feorr awearp þa earce, þe wæs asett ofer his byrgenne, (3)cogregdH,GDPref_2_[H]: Her uppyrneð se æftera stream ðære godcundan spræce, se cymð of þam burnon þæs gastlican wylles þurh þæs halgan gastes gife gæð þurh þa ofergilldan weleras þæs eadigan out 4 [utferan 3, utadrifan 2, utfaran, utgan 4, utgangan 4] ()cogregdh,gd [H]: þa þa he for þæs mynstres þearfe utferde, swa swa he ær gecweden hæfde, þa beheoldon hine fela his cuðra manna, ægðer ge æðelborene ge oðre, þe hine simle arwurðedon. (2)cogregdH,GDHead_2_[H]: Hu he geseah his swustor sawle, hu heo utferde of lichaman. (3)cogregdH,GD [H]: & þone ilcan Basilium of þæs mynstres eardunge utadrifon. (4)cogregdH,GD [H]: He þa utadrifen sæde, þæt he mid his drycræfte gelomlice on þa lyfte ahenge æquities mynster, & he swa þeah of his mynstre nænne man beswican ne mihte. (5)cogregdH,GD [H]: & cwæð, þæt hit swa beon ne mihte, þe læs þe hit gelumpe, þæt þa gebroðru utfarende of mynstre, þa hwile þe hi sohton þæs eles gestreon, þæt hi þonne þoledon sume hynða hyra sawla. (6)cogregdH,GD [H]: þa het he þa gegaderian & don on eletreddan, & swa hwæt swa man mihte gedon þæt þær uteode, þeah þe hit wære medmicel ele, þæt man þæt to him sylfum brohte. (7)cogregdH,GD [H]: Hwæt, þa se Godes cniht þær rihte hine sylfne on gebed astrehte, & þæs ymbe lytel fæc he uteode & his modor gelædde eft in to þam berne, þa wæs hit gemeted swa full hwætes, (8)cogregdH,GD [H]: & þa dryas þær mid langsumum galdrum hyre on golon & syrwdon to gedonne, þæt of hyre uteode se deofol, þe hyre ær on gefor (9)cogregdH,GD [H]: of þara muðe & of nosum uteode þæt fuluste fyr, þæt ic na aræfnian ne mihte. ()cogregdh,gd [H]: & him eallum utgangendum he hine lange hwile gebæd ()cogregdh,gd [H]: ða þa hi me þurh swyðe þystre stowa gelæddon, þa færinga us utgangendum com ongean sum iungling mid fiðerum swiðe fægerre gesihðe, (2)cogregdH,GD_2_[H]: ðam broðrum þa utgangendum Benedictus behet þus cweðende, (3)cogregdH,GD [H]: & het hi ealle þanon utgangan,

17 (4)cogregdH,GD [H]: þæt furðon þær an ne belaf binnon þam wyrttunhege. Hi þa sona to þæs Godes weres worde ealle endemes utferdon, swa colacnu.o23 up [upgan ] ()colacnu,med_3_[grattan-singer]:4..72 & þonne coccas crawan forman syðe þonne drince he æne, oþre siðe þonne dæg & niht scade, þriddan siðe þonne sunne upga, out 5 [utslean, utrynan 3, utgangan ] ()colacnu,med_3_[grattan-singer]: syle drincan wel wearm þonne ðu geseo þæt hy utslean (2)colacnu,Med_3_[Grattan-Singer]: Oþer utyrnynde drænc, genim medmicle moran glædenon fædme longe & swa greata swa ðin þuma, & swylc tu hamwyrte & celðenian moran & heleleafes moran & ellenrinde neoðewearde, (3)colacnu,Med_3_[Grattan-Singer]:2..97 on hy man sceal wyrcean utyrnende drænceas & him wyrcean cliðan toforan his heafde & to his breostan, (4)colacnu,Med_3_[Grattan-Singer]: þridde utyrnende drænc, wyl secg & glædenan neo+dewearde in suran ealað, (5)colacnu,Med_3_[Grattan-Singer]: þæt is þonne utgangendum þam monþe þe we Aprelis hatað se nyhsta Monan dæg an, colaece.o2 up 4 [upstigan 4] ()colaece,lch_ii_[2]: Gif þonne sio lifre aheardung & sio adl & sio ablawung biþ on þære lifre healcum & holocum gecenned þonne þincþ him sona on fruman þæt sio wæte swiþor niþor gewite þonne hio upstige (2)colaece,Lch_II_[3]: Gif sio eaxl upstige nim þa sealfe, (3)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: Gif þonne se swile & þæt worms upstihð to þon þæt þe þince þæt hit mon sniþan mæge & ut forlætan wyrc him þonne sealfe ærest of culfran scearne & of þam gelica (4)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: gif hie upstigen þurh spiwþan sceal mon aweg adon. out 25 [utsion 2, utadon, utahræcan, utteon 2, utslean 3, utyrnan, utberstan, utgan 4, utsendan ] ()colaece,lch_ii_[]: & gif þæt brægen utsige genim æges þæt geoluwe (2)colaece,Lch_II_[3]: Swa þæt bearn sie acenned do þa wyrta aweg þy læs þæt innelfe utsige. (3)colaece,Lch_II_[]: Eft þus þu scealt þa yfelan ofsetenan wætan utadon þurh spatl & hræcean, (4)colaece,Lch_II_[]: sele þonne gelome þæt geagl to swillanne þæt he þy sel mæge þæt yfel utahræcean. (5)colaece,Lch_II_[]: & lege on læcedomas þa þe utteon þa yfelan wætan & þæt sar. (6)colaece,Lch_II_[]: Drenc wiþ deadum swile þæt he utslea, eoforþrote, eolone, gotwoðe, twa wenwyrta do on ealu drince. (7)colaece,Lch_II_[]: & mid þy hunige smire þær hit utslea on þone poc. (8)colaece,Lch_II_[]: ac ma hira man sceal tilian mid wyrtdrencum utyrnendum oþþe spiwlum oþþe migolum mid þy þu meaht clænsian þæt omcyn & þæs geallancoðe þa readan. (9)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: þonne sceal men þæt wislice secean & wærlice clæsnan mid alwan & mid swelcum utyrnendum drencum ateon ut þa horhehtan wætan, ()colaece,lch_ii_[3]: & siþþan him sel sie wyrc him þonne swiðne drenc utyrnendum. ()colaece,lch_ii_[]: Gif hie utslean ælcne man sceall aweg adelfan mid þorne (2)colaece,Lch_II_[]:

18 Gif liþule utyrne genim merce nioþoweardne & hunig & hwætenes meluwes smedman & wicggan innel, (3)colaece,Lch_II_[]: Gif liþule utyrne genim eced & sure cruman berenes hlafes & renwyrmas, (4)colaece,Lch_II_[]: Gif liþule utyrne genim wermod (5)colaece,Lch_II_[]: Gif þu wille þæt yfel swile raðe utberste nim weax & hemlic hatte wyrt, (6)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: Wiþ heardum swile þæs magan sele þu him sealte mettas & haran flæsc & eofores, rudan wyrttruman & cersan & scir win & eaðmelte mettas & onlegena utteonde þone heardan swile & bæð, (7)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: & he þone sammeltan þurh ða wambe utsent. (8)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: gif he utyrnð þonne biþ þæt sar læsse. (9)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: Gif hwa þone læcedom deþ to þe þa forsettan þing ontyne & utteo ær þon ðe he þone forheardodan swile gehnesce weneþ þæt he hit bete, (2)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: hwilum oft on dæge utgað & þonne lytlum hwilum æne & þonne micel. (2)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: Hwilum hie wel gelyst utgangan & him þa byrþenne fram aweorpan & georne tilian ac ne magon (22)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: þisse adle fruman mon mæg yþelice gelacnian on þa ilcan wisan þa utyrnendan & æfter uneð gif hio bið unwislice to lange forlæten. (23)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: Hu mon þa utyrnendan men scyle lacnian, (24)colaece,Lch_II_[2]: Gif mon ne mæge utgegan genim uman & eac gecrypte hand fulle & medmicelne bollan fulne ealað, (25)colaece,Lch_II_[3]: Wyrc spiwe drenc utyrnendne, colawaf.o2 out 3 [utfeohtan, utræcan, utlædan ] ()colawaf,lawaf_:5.27 Gif hit þonne hwa do, ðonne sie he scyldig cyninges mundbyrde & þære cirican friðes mare, gif he ðær mare ofgefo, gif he for hungre libban mæge, buton he self utfeohte. (2)colawaf,LawAf_:5.3.3 Gif he self his wæpno his gefan utræcan wille, gehealden hi hine XXX nihta (3)colawaf,LawAf_:8..43 Gif hio leng libbe ðonne se ðe hie utlædde, nage hio his ierfes owiht. colawafint.o2 out 2 [utgelædan, utgongan ] ()colawafint,lawafel:..5 Ic ðe utgelædde of Egipta londe & of hiora ðeowdome. (2)colawafint,LawAfEl:6.4 Gif hwa slea his ðone nehstan mid stane oððe mid fyste, & he þeah utgongan mæge bi stafe, begite him læce comart3.o23 up [upcuman ] ()comart3,mart_5_[kotzor]:oc2,a.2.27 nemned ðabata, Se wæs upcymen in Palistina mægðe in ðam tune ðe is coorosiu.o2 up 7 [upahebban 6, uphebban ] ()coorosiu,or_: Se þa, mid ðon þe he geweox, him þa ofþyncendum & ðæm Perseum þæt hie on his eames anwalde wæron & on þara Meða, ac hie gewin uphofan. (2)coorosiu,Or_2:

19 æfter þæm Romane betux him selfum, þa rican menn & þa earmran, micel gewinn upahofon, (3)coorosiu,Or_2: ær ðæm þe seo wol geendod wære, Ueigentes & Etrusci þa leode wið Romanum gewinn upahofon, & wið þæm twæm consulum, Marcuse & Grease. (4)coorosiu,Or_3: & his ærestan ðegnscipe on ðon gecyþde þa he ealle Crecas mid his snyttro on his geweald geniedde, ealle þa þe wið hiene gewin upahofon. (5)coorosiu,Or_5: & sona swa hie him betweonum ungerædnesse upahofon, swa forwurdon hie ealle. (6)coorosiu,Or_3: Læcedemonie wæron swa uppahæfene, þæt ægðer ge hie self wendon ge ealle ða neahþeoda þæt hie ofer hie ealle mehte anwald habban (7)coorosiu,Or_6: Ac þa hie gesomnod wæron, & hiene to cyninge don woldon, þa ne mehton hie þa guðfonan upahebban, swa hiora þeaw wæs, þonne hie onwaldas setton. out 3 [utsceotan 2, utgan ] ()coorosiu,or_: Be suðan Narbonense is se Wendelsæ, þær þær Rodan seo ea utscyt ; & be eastan him Profentsæ ; & be westan him ofer ða westenu seo us nearre Ispania ; & be westan him (2)coorosiu,Or_: þæt syxte wæs þæt eall þæt folc wæs on blædran, & þa wæron swiðe hreowlice berstende, & þa worms utsionde. (3)coorosiu,Or_4: þa het Scipia ealle þa wifmen ærest utgan, þara wæs XXVI M, & þa þa wæpnedmen, þara wæs XXX M. coadrian.o34 up [upgan ] ()coadrian,ad: Saga me þære burge naman þær sunne upgæð. coaelhom.o3 up [upahebban ] ()coaelhom,+ahom_6:9.926 and se Hælend cwæð, upahafenum eagum, Fæder, ic þancige þe, for ðam ðe þu me gehyrdest ; coaelive.o3 up 4 [upahon, upahebban 2, upastreccan ] ()coaelive,+als_[basil]: and þa upaheng bufan þam altare (2)coaelive,+ALS_[Basil]: ða cwæð se halga wer, we clypiað to ðam hælende upahafenum handum oð þæt þu þæt handgewryt agife. (3)coaelive,+ALS_[Martin]: ac he æfre openum eagum, and upahafenum handum his gebeda ne geswac. (4)coaelive,+ALS_[Thomas]: and stod him tomiddes upastrehtum handum to heofonum out 9 [utgan 6, utteon, utbrecan, utberstan ] ()coaelive,+als_[basil]: and feollan to his fotum mid fyrhte fornumene, þa ða he uteode, (2)aelive,+ALS_[Martin]: Eft þa ða he uteode þa axode Sulpicius, and hine eadmodlice bæd þæt he him geopenian sceolde hwa him wiðspræce ; (3)coaelive,+ALS_[Maur]: cwæð þæt God mihte gemycclian þone wætan, se ðe iu on westene wæter utteah of heardum stanclude, and of heofonum asende his folce bigleofan feowertig geara. (4)coaelive,+ALS_[Martin]: and he for ðam bryne utbræcan ne mihte. (5)coaelive,+ALS_[Martin]: and het hine utgan.