1 SAMUEL. Fourthstream.com

Transcription

1 1 SAMUEL Fourthstream.com

2 Welcome to the book of 1 Samuel! To begin your study of 1 Samuel, meditate upon the contents of the book reflected in the overview chart below. What are the major movements of the book? 1 Samuel begins with Israel's last judge (Samuel), continues with the people's choice for a king (Saul), and closes with God's choice of a king (David). A key verse is 8:6. This verse indicates Samuel's attitude (what is it?) toward the people's desire (what was it?). A theocracy is government where God is the ultimate authority. To submit in a monarchy means to have a man as a ruler or king. Read 13:1-7 with regard to "rulers" of the people. 1 SAMUEL People's King Samuel the Judge 3:1,19; 7:15,16 Reign of Saul Rise Decline Fall 15:9 15:22,23 16:3,12, Give us a king to rule over us! 8:6 Also note the passages listed within the overview chart above. Take this opportunity to refer to and note each one, relating the section titles to the appropriate passage. What have you learned so far about 1 Samuel? Open Your Heart as You Read! Joshua opened with the charge to conquer and closed with a commitment to keeping God's commands. Judges opens with conditions of moral decay and closes with consequences of moral decline. Ruth opens with resolve and closes with reward. 1 Samuel begins with the call of Saul and closes with his casket and David's crowning. Three characters provide instruction as we observe their contrasting lives. What do you learn from the life of Samuel? The life of Saul? The life of David? Just as Israel experienced cycles of sin, moral decay, and moral decline, so we too must be careful not to do what is right in our own eyes. Each compromise brought more misery to Saul. God's favor is experienced as we obey Him. The consequences of disobedience are reflected in 15:22,23. Page 2

3 AUTHOR The author of the books of Samuel is unknown. It is likely, however, that many of Samuel's written records were employed in the book's composition (1 Samuel 10:25). DATE Internal evidence indicates that Samuel was written after the death of Solomon. Most conservative scholars date the books somewhat after the beginning of the divided kingdom, perhaps about 903 or 900 B.C. OTHER BACKGROUND 1 and 2 Samuel get their title from the prophet Samuel, the key character of the opening chapters. Since he was the last of the judges, one of the greatest prophets, founder of the school of the prophets, and the one who anointed both Saul and David, it is not inappropriate that these books bear his name. The book of 1 Samuel describes the transition of leadership in Israel from the period of the Judges to that of the Kings. 1 Samuel describes events covering at least 60 years, from the birth of Samuel to the death of Saul. The book centers around three persons: Samuel (1-7), Saul (8-15), and David (16-31). Why study the book of I Samuel?! 1. There are some interesting principles for parents, particularly for fathers, in this book. Two men, Eli and Samuel, were faithful in their jobs but unfaithful with their children. Their jobs or careers pulled them away from their responsibilities to their families. Someone has said that it is not men's jobs that pull them out of their homes, but their egos. Learn the lesson of the two fathers, Eli and Samuel. To be forewarned is to be forearmed as fathers. 2. In King Saul, we see a person God has given everything needed to be successful, but because of disobedience and pride, he ultimately failed his people and his God. Many Christfollowers today have tremendous God-given abilities that can be used for His honor. It is not uncommon to start off big as Saul did, then quickly fizzle out, as Saul did. We need to realize that our spiritual walk is not a sprint...it's a marathon! It takes endurance, self-discipline, and closeness to God. May we fully use the talents and gifts God has given us throughout our entire lives. 3. Saul, the people's king, could rule others but he could not rule himself. Such an epitaph could be written over the graves of many leaders. One thing many spiritual leaders often fail to learn is that when they try to be in control, they quickly get out of control, until they come under control, (God's)! This lesson runs throughout the life of King Saul, as we readily see in 1 Samuel. Page 3

4 Samuel Chapter Chart A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright Samuel's Birth & Calling Read Chapters In what ways was Samuel's birth supernatural? 2. What do we learn about Samuel from his parents? 3. What do we learn about the condition of Israel as we observe Eli and his sons? 4. What are the specifics of Hannah's praise? 5. What was the significance of the several night calls of God to Samuel? 6. How did Israel know that Samuel was speaking for God? 1. What lessons for raising your own children can you glean from these three chapters? 2. As you consider Hannah's praise, what instruction do you receive? 3. Note 3:21. What reason is given for God's appearance? 4. What does it mean to have "none of your words fail?" My thoughts about being chosen by God for a purpose: Page 3

5 Israel Challenged & Delivered Read Chapters What was Israel's attitude toward the ark of the covenant? 2. What do these first verses reveal about Israel's view of God? 3. How did God choose to display His power and holiness despite Israel's disobedience? How is this power displayed to the Philistines? The Israelites? 4. What was the key to Israel's renewed pursuit of God? 5. How did God deliver Israel in this section? How was she challenged? 1. Our attitude toward God must be one of fear (reverence), respect, and love. 2. As God views your heart today, how would it be like that of the Philistines? 3. In what way is your heart like the Israelites? 4. In what way is your heart like Samuel's (note 7:3-5)? My thoughts about my own heart in relation to the examples in this section: Page 5

6 The Rise of Saul Read Chapters What does Samuel say will be the eventual reaction of the people to having a king? 2. How do we see God's sovereignty through the anointing of Saul? 3. How did Saul feel about this choice? 4. How would you interpret Saul's conduct at this point? 5. What is the significance of Saul's "prophesying with the prophets?" 6. Note another historical review in chapter 12. It appears that periodic reflection and evaluation were healthy for Israel! 1. In what ways do we as a nation and as believers establish our own kings? 2. Observe 12:24,25. In this context, to turn aside meant to do wickedness. To "do wickedness" meant to be swept away. The actions of Saul and David represent two possible choices in our walk with God. 3. Have you engaged in your own reflective "historical review" lately? My thoughts about my emphasis on reflecting: Page 6

7 The Reign and Fall of Saul Read Chapters What was Saul's sin? 2. What was Israel's sin? 3. What was Saul's failure with regard to the Amalekites? 4. What did this failure reveal in Saul's character? 5. What prominent lessons do we learn from the example of Jonathan? 6. Reread l5:35. What do we learn from these verses about the course and consequence of sin? 1. Are there "bleating sheep" in your household? 2. God commands that the "spoils" of this world be completely put away from our hearts. As we observed in Judges, taking banned items from battle can bring a snare! My thoughts about "bleating sheep" in my own life: Page 7

8 Decline of Saul & Rise of David Read Chapters How do you imagine Saul's feelings in light of David being anointed by Samuel? 2. How would you feel if you were David? 3. Compare David's heart to Israel's attitude at this time. 4. What was the attitude of David's brothers toward him? 5. Contrast and compare Jonathan's attitude toward David, Saul toward David, and David's feelings about each. 6. What was the root of Saul's sin against David? 1. Evaluate the authority figuresin your life. Who are they and why do they fill that position? 2. How would you evaluate your response to them? My thoughts about recognizing and submitting to the work of God's Spirit through the lives of others: Page 8

9 David Flees Before Saul Read Chapters Note the evil pursuit of David by King Saul. What do we observe about David's wisdom? His spiritual discernment? 2. What do we learn about the true intentions of Saul? 3. What specific principles do David and Saul teach us as examples of walking before God? 4. What is the central lesson from the story of Nabal and Abigail? 5. Why did David have more than one wife? 6. Why did David spare Saul's life so many times? 1. Saul was a jealous man. He was half-hearted and impatient toward God. When God calls us He wants our whole heart. 2. Do you "inquire of the Lord" as you face your circumstances? 3. In what ways have you given God your "whole heart?" My thoughts about my heart of spiritual discernment: Page 9

10 The Demise of Saul Read Chapters How did David deal with the overthrowing of Ziklag? How would you imagine his feelings? Notice that David took the time to consult the Lord! 2. What do you learn about the spirit-world from Saul's consultation of the medium at Endor? Again we are reminded, "Sin is crouching at the door, and its desire is for you, but you must master it (Genesis 4:7)." What principles can we learn about life and godliness from the pitiful example of Saul, the people's king? My thoughts about the Spirit-world in relationship to my everyday life: Page 10

11 MY HEART WHEN WE WALK LIKE MERE MEN 1 Corinthians 2:6-10 THE CARNAL MIND Insubordinate & Rebellious... 1 Samuel 15:22,23 MERE MEN (3:3) One who is Disagreeable (1:10) One who has an Inflated Ego (1:25-31) One who Follows Men (3:7-10) The Petty Jealous (3:3) Those who Judge Motives (4:5) Those who Tolerate Immorality (5:1) Those who Ignore Biblical Legality (6:1,2) Those who Choose Impurity (7:1-5) Those who are not Bothered by Idolatry (10:14) Those who Do Not Love (13) Those who Do Not Give (16:1) In what ways do I reflect the heart of David? The heart of Saul? How are my standards for life carnal? In what ways are my standards spiritual? WHOLE HEART, HALF HEART, NO HEART. Matters of the Heart! THE RISE & FALL OF SAUL Flesh Appointed...9:2; 12:19 Stature and Appearance Flesh Controlled...13:8-14 Troubles with Waiting Flesh Operating...14:19 Impacted by Circumstances Flesh Oriented...14:52 A Hard time with Choices Flesh Obedient...15:3,10-35 Sliding Ethics THE RISE OF DAVID Spirit Appointed...13:14 Heart Appearance Spirit Oriented...17:39-40 Able at Waiting Spirit Operating...23:2,5 Discerning About Circumstances Spirit Obedient...22:5 Able to make Choices Spirit Controlled...24:5-7,12 Conscience Vulnerable Page 11

12 Solomon...Fruits of a Divided Heart Strong start...1 Kings 2:12 Strong showing...1 Kings 10:23,24 Weak Finish...(blown, actually)...1 Kings 11:1-4 His own advice...12:9-14 His own experience...ecclesiastes 2:1-11 He was divided...having, doing, being vs. choosing God alone What we learn: - Wisdom must flow from reverence - It is perhaps impossible to "have it all." - Hard work and applied creativity have both reward and limitation - A strong start doesn't ensure a strong finish Was Solomon a believer? Yes, but his divided heart eclipsed even His great wisdom (1 Corinthians 10:11-13). David...Promises of a Whole Heart 16:12,13 God's choice 17:36,45 David's Choice 21:6 David's Way 22:2 David's Men 24:5 David's Conscience 3:1 David's Strength 5:2 David's Increase 7:18 The Covenant with David 11,12 David's Shame Why David Lived...24:24 - Favor does not mean sinlessness - character supercedes conquest - We will reap what we sow-whoever we are - We suffer from chosen sin but still may shine - There are few good family models in Scripture - The future supercedes the forgotten memory MY HEART Saul...Heart of Self 9:2 Born to Rule as a living lesson 9:15 Anointed to Deliver 10:9 Empowered to Deliver 11:6 Spirit Blessed to Deliver 13:8 Unwilling to wait 15:9 Lustful disobedience 15:11 God's Regret 15:12 Self Honor 15:20 Selective Obedience 15:27 Dishonoring Authority 15:30 People Honor 16:14 The Spirit Departs Why Saul Died...1 Chronicles 10: 13,14 - Symbolism over substance - Self honor is the enemy of God honor - God is no respecter of persons - God's authority should not be reviled - Rebellion & stubbornness are heavy Was Saul a believer? Possibly, but his self-centered heart overshadowed God's anointing upon his life. How important are my choices in life? Page 12

13 2 SAMUEL Fourthstream.com

14 Welcome to the book of 2 Samuel! To begin your study of 2 Samuel, meditate upon the contents of the book reflected in the overview chart below. What are the major movements of the book? How are they a contrast? David's success is depicted in two parts. His success over Judah occurs first. His shame is represented in the two names found in the overview. Why do you think they were chosen to reflect his shame? A key verse is 5:2. God's choice was not for the people to have a king. Monarchy (under any king) proved to be inferior to a God-ruled people (theocracy). 2 SAMUEL God's King David's Success 3:1,36; 7:18 Judah...2:14 Israel...5:2,12 David's Shame 12:12-24 Bathsheba...11:1-4 Absolom...16:20,21 David's Song 23: You will shepherd my people Israel! 5:2 Also note the passages listed within the overview chart. Take this opportunity to note each one, relating the section titles to the appropriate passage. What have you learned thus far about 2 Samuel? Judges opened with conditions of moral decay, continued with cycles of sin and closed the consequences of moral decline. Ruth opens with her resolve to love (in contrast to the spiritual climate of Judges) and closes with a reward for faithfulness. 1 Samuel begins with a call (Samuel) and closes with a casket (Saul's). 2 Samuel opens with David's success, continues with his shame, and closes with his singing over the Lord's faithfulness. Even the best of kings proved to be inferior to a God-ruled environment. Open your heart as you read! Why would you consider David a "man after God's own heart?" What were the circumstances of his falling into sin? How could this man of God even consider adultery and murder? David for the most part continually consulted the Lord. Do you pursue God with this kind of dependence? How would you apply any of David's circumstances to your own life? What sin do you believe you are capable? Page 2

15 AUTHOR AND DATE Consult 1 Samuel. OTHER BACKGROUND The book of 1 Samuel records the failure of man's king, Saul. 2 Samuel relates the enthronement of God's king, David. The book is primarily occupied with the story of David as king (2 Samuel 5:3). II Samuel traces the ascension of David to the throne, his awful sin of adultery and murder, and the shattering consequences of that sin upon his family and the nation. The action of the book revolves around chapter 11 which has to do with David's sin against God. The narrative covers a period of about 40 years. The first seven and a half years see David in Hebron and the last 33 years view him in Jerusalem. There are many important spiritual truths from the life of David in this book. Why study 2 Samuel? One of the most important lessons a Christian can learn from a study of II Samuel has to do with sin and its consequences. David furnishes an example of the terrible consequences of sin and how it can affect a life. Note the ever-widening circles of the influence of David's sin. 1. On himself...psalm 32:3 2. On his family...absalom's rebellion and death 3. On his nation...revolt in Judah in chapter On his baby born to Bathsheba...Died As we look at David's sin in 2 Samuel as well as the subject of sin in general, we need to realize that there are basically four attitudes a person can maintain toward sin and only one is the correct one: To be ignorant of it To be indifferent to it To compromise with it To deal honestly with it Another important truth that may be gleaned from 2 Samuel relates to what we sometimes mistakenly call secret sins. Psalm 90:8 says, "Thou hast placed our iniquities before Thee, our secret sins in the light of Thy presence". In other words, our secret sins on earth are open scandals in heaven. After David's act of adultery, he put into action a cover-up plan that would make Watergate pale by comparison. But nothing is hidden from God's eyes as the last verse of chapter 11 brings out when it states that, "The thing that David had done displeased the Lord". If we as Christians decide to sin against God and plant the seed of iniquity in our life, we cannot hope and pray for a crop failure. "Whatever a man sows, that shall he also reap." When we think to ourselves that we have fooled everyone else about a sin committed, we need to realize that we are only deceiving ourselves because "God is not mocked" (Galatians 6:7). Page 3

16 Samuel Chapter Chart A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright David's Reign Over Judah Read Chapters What do we learn of David's character from his reaction to the death of Saul and Jonathan? 2. What specifics do we learn about David's attitudes by examining his "death song"? 3. Why was Abner's sin so great? 4. Why does David react the way he does to the messenger that brought news of Saul's death? To the death of Ish-bosheth? 5. Why do David's actions please the people? David had a deep respect for the authority of the Lord. Before he would assume the already promised throne of Judah, he consulted the Lord so as to be careful to not usurp authority. Do you have this kind of reverence for authority? Recall 1 Samuel 24:5. In what ways can someone revile authority today? My thoughts about valid and invalid authority and my response to it: Page 4

17 David's Reign Over Israel Read Chapters What was the basis of David's success in chapter 5 (reflected in 3:16)? 2. What is the significance of leaving the ark? The action of Uzziah? How does it impact David? 3. What does Michal's reaction to David's dancing reveal? 4. What specific principles do you learn about prayer from this section? 5. How does David respond to God's discussion of a "house"? 6. What lesson and insight into David do we learn from his dealings with Mephibosheth? David was a minister of God's justice and His mercy. How do you see yourself ministering in your sphere of influence? How do you view yourself as a man or woman after God's heart? Note how Christ is a minister of God's justice (Revelation 2:7; 12:5; 19:15) and mercy (Romans 5:1-11). David received criticism, much from his own family. What kinds of criticism have you experienced as you have followed God? How has it affected you? My thoughts about my current spiritual successes: Page 5

18 David & Bathsheba Read Chapters Why did the sin of murder follow David's initial sin? 2. Why did it take Nathan's confrontation for David to admit responsibility and repent? 3. Why was it necessary for David to suffer the consequences of his sin despite the fact that he had repented? 4. How could God provide Solomon for a son in the midst of such a sinful and adulterous marriage? 5. Why does the account of war with Ammon appear where it does and why is Israel so harsh? Idleness in spiritual pursuit will lead to idolatry and fleshly pursuit. Do you feel the purposes of God are consuming you (note Hebrews 10:32-39)? Our nature is to cover sin and not bring it to the light. Spiritual failure is a part of life, although not always a necessary part of life. My thoughts about my current spiritual failures: Page 6

19 David's Family Problems Read Chapters Here we see the fruit of David's sin manifested in his family. We observe the uncontrolled lust of Amnon that leads to death just as David's uncontrollable lust led to his dethronement. Why did Amnon hate Tamar? 2. Where have you heard the words of 13:28 before and what do they reveal about Absolom? 3. In Absolom we observe the twisted beauty and wisdom of one who is beautiful in appearance but loathsome in character. According to the law, how should David have dealt with Absolom? David's moral standards have apparently drastically declined or his judgement is impaired. 4. Why do you think David had such severe family problems? 5. Compare the words and actions of Absolom with Isaiah 14: The previous sin of spiritual hypocrisy had been sown years earlier and was now full-grown in his household. Our children respond not necessarily to what we say but to what we are and do! Note Psalm 127 and recall Deuteronomy 6. Are you walking in spiritual works which will result in a spiritual family? My thoughts on my spiritual leadership of my household: Page 7

20 Absolom's Revolt Read Chapters What was the conspiracy of Absolom? 2. What are some contrasts in the character of Absolom and David? 3. What do we learn about David's heart as he flees from Absolom? 4. What lesson do we observe from Ahithopel's position, counsel, and demise? 5. Take instruction from the actions of 16:9-14. David knew God. He saw life through spiritual eyes. In what ways do you revolt against authority after the pattern of Absolom? Life's circumstances come for our testing that we might be broken and humbled before God. Even though David was suffering sin's consequences, he still submitted to God. Note James 4:3-10 for insight into this principle. My thoughts on how God has humbled and broken me: Page 8

21 Conflict, Death, and Revolt Read Chapters How clear did David make his desire known to not harm Absolom? 2. What does 18:8 teach and preview? 3. What is the significance of the two runners? 4. What does 18:33 reveal? Why is Joab so harsh with David? Is this harshness justified? 5. Why were the two groups (Judah and Israel) bickering? 6. What instruction does the revolt of Sheba give? The encounter with the wise woman? "The wages of sin is death." When the people of God align with the rebellious, only calamity will result. Are feelings of revenge a part of your life? In many ways, David's resolve had turned to mush because he had compromised his morality years earlier. Do you feel you have maintained your spiritual resolve? In what ways have you compromised it? My thoughts about spiritual compromise in my life: Page 9

22 Famine and Destruction Read Chapters Of what significance are the events of chapter 21 in the overall teaching of the book? 2. What elements does David's Psalm of chapter 22 include (his final Psalm)? 3. What is the tone of the song in chapter 23? 4. Why did the anger of the Lord burn against David? 5. Why did dealing with the actions of David have to cause the suffering of others? Why was this necessary or fair? David was trusting in fleshly strength to evaluate his success. Note Psalm 147:10 for insight on confidence in the flesh. In what ways are you presently choosing to not trust in your own abilities? In what ways are you trusting in your own abilities? My thoughts on the long-range consequences of self-centered confidence: Page 10

23 1 KINGS Fourthstream.com

24 Bad Bad OLD TESTAMENT KINGS & PROPHETS This chart is provided to help you place the Old Testament Prophets in proper relationship to the Kings of Israel & Judah. Scholarship differs slightly on the timespan and somewhat on the order of the Prophets, but the following chart will give you a more than adequate "big picture" on their placement. 930 bc Kings of JUDAH PROPHETS Kings of ISRAEL Rehoboam (17 yrs.) Abijam (3 yrs.) ELIJAH BC Jeroboam (22 yrs.) Nadab (2 yrs.) Baasha (24 yrs.) 930 bc Bad Bad Bloody Good Good Good 900 bc 800bc Asa (41 yrs.) Jehoshaphat (25 yrs.) Jehoram (12 yrs.) Ahaziah (1 yr.) Athaliah (6 yrs.) Joash (40 yrs.) ELISHA BC OBADIAH BC JOEL? Elah (2 yrs.) Zimri (1 wk.) Omri (12 yrs.) Ahab (22 yrs.) Ahaziah (2 yrs.) Jehoram (8 yrs.) Jehu (28 yrs.) 900 bc 800bc Bloody Bad Bad Evil Evil 722 bc 700 bc 500 bc 430 bc Amaziah (29 yrs.) Azariah (Uzziah) (52 yrs.) Jotham (16 yrs.) Ahaz (16 yrs.) Hezekiah (29 yrs.) Manasseh (55 yrs.) Amon (2 yrs.) Josiah (31 yrs.) Jehoahaz (3 mos.) Jehoiakim (11 yrs.) Jehoiakin (3 mos.) Zedekiah (11 yrs.) BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY First 538 bc Second 458 bc Final 432 bc 400 SILENT YEARS JONAH BC AMOS BC HOSEA BC MICAH BC ISAIAH NAHUM 713BC ZEPHANIAH 630BC HABAKKUK 626BC JEREMIAH BC DANIEL BC EZEKIEL BC HAGGAI 520BC ZECHARIAH BC MALACHI BC Jehoahaz (17 yrs.) Jehoash (16 yrs.) Jeroboam 2 (41 yrs.) Zechariah (6 mos.) Shallum (1 mos.) Menahem (10 yrs.) Pekahiah (2 yrs.) Pekah (20 yrs.) Hoshea (9 yrs.) ASSYRIAN CAPTIVITY 400 SILENT YEARS 722 bc 700 bc 500 bc 430 bc

25 Welcome to the book of 1 Kings! To begin your study of 1 Kings, Meditate upon the contents of the book reflected in the overview chart below. What are the four major movements in the life of Solomon? Why do you think the emphasis of the book is on the kings of Judah? This book has been given the theme of Solomon/split. How does this reflect the content of 1 Kings? A key verse is 12:20. How does this verse reflect the theme of the book? There were flaws in the monarchy from the beginning. Yet God had promised that if Israel would obey she would find deliverance from the pitfalls of sin. Note how each king responds as God offers a way of escape! Also note the passages listed within the overview chart below. Take this opportunity to refer to and note each one, relating the section titles to the appropriate passage. What have you learned so far about 1 Kings? 1 KINGS Solomon/Split REIGN OF SOLOMON ascension...1:47; 2:46 wisdom...3:9,28; 4:29,30 work...6:12,38; 7:8 splendor...10:23,24 REIGN OVER JUDAH Divided Kingdom 12:8,19 Divided Kings 11:11,12; 14: None but the tribe of Judah followed the House of David. 12:20 1 Samuel begins with the call of Samuel the judge and closes with the casket of Saul. 2 Samuel opens with David's success over Judah and Israel and ends with his shame over Bathsheba and Absolom. 1 Kings opens with Solomon and closes with a split in the kingdom. We now encounter the third character in our consideration of Saul-no heart, David-whole heart, and Solomon-half heart. As you study, make comparisons and contrasts with each man's life and your own. What do you learn from these examples? With whom can you most identify? Open your heart as you read! An improper emphasis on riches is always spoken of in Scripture as a snare. Solomon abounded in every material thing, and yet succumbed to sin and its consequent apostasy. How much of your thought time is wrapped up in the affairs of finance? Man can even be building a temple for the Living God and fall to apostasy! Note that a division of purpose (Israel/Judah) resulted in a division of persons (the kings and people). Page 2

26 AUTHOR According to ancient Jewish tradition, Jeremiah is attributed with the authorship of Kings. It is also clear, however, that the concluding chapters of Kings must have been written by someone other than Jeremiah, since Jeremiah was in Egypt at that time (cf. Jeremiah 43:1-8), and this section of Kings seems to have been written by someone living in Babylon rather than Egypt, were Jeremiah died. The most important thing to remember, however, is that whether Jeremiah wrote Kings or possibly some Jewish captive living in the area of Babylon, the Holy Spirit is the Divine Author who inspired the human writer to pen this book. NAME The Hebrew title to 1 and 2 Kings is Melakim ("Kings") and, like the books of Samuel, were originally one book. Translators divided the book into two parts. The book of Kings gets its title from the type of leadership characteristic of that period. 1 Kings begins with the death of David and concludes with the reign of Jehoram in Judah and Ahaziah in Israel. 2 Kings continues the account of Ahaziah's rule and ends with Judah being destroyed. DATE 2 Kings closes with the release of Jehoiachin from prison in the thirty-seventh year of his imprisonment ( B.C.). In addition, the books do not mention the end of the captivity in 536 B.C. Since the books are a unit and not the product of several hands and successive dates, it must be dated during the Babylonian Captivity between 562 B.C. and 536 B.C. OTHER BACKGROUND 1 and 2 Kings are basically a continuation of the books of Samuel. Kings covers a time period of 400 years and tells the story of the disruption and dispersion of the kingdom. In 1 Kings, the curtain rises on Solomon reigning over a united kingdom and 130 years later falls on a nation split in two by civil strife. The first half of the book (Chapters 1-11) relates details of Solomon's reign while the second half of the book (Chapters 12-22) relates the details of the kingdom's division. At this time, two nations come into existence: Israel in the north and Judah in the south. 1 Kings 11:11 summarizes the split Solomon's sin initiated. Why study the book of 1 Kings? 1. This book illustrates man's total inability to rule himself apart from God's help. Man is still learning this lesson today. 2. The measurements of the temple were exactly twice as large as the tabernacle. Even so, it was small in size compared to church buildings of today. It was only 120' by 60' but it was meant to hold the priests, not the congregation, who worshipped towards it, not in it. There are three earthly temples mentioned in Scripture. The first is Solomon's which was destroyed by the Babylonians about 587 B.C. (2 Kings 25:8-9). The second was Zerubbabel's (Ezra 5:2; 6:15-18). This was not comparable in elegance to Solomon's. The third was Herod's temple erected on a grander scale in 20 B.C. and completed in A.D. 64. This temple was destroyed in A.D. 70 by Titus. Men used to have to make pilgrimages to these temples to meet God. Now we can worship Him in "spirit and truth" at any location, since our bodies are the temple of God (1 Corinthians 3:16; 6:19). Page 3

27 1 Kings Chapter Chart A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright Ascension of Solomon Read Chapters David was old and ready to die. What is the role of Abishag and what is the spiritual significance? 2. What role did Bathsheba play in Solomon's anointing as king? 3. Evaluate David's charge to Solomon (2:1-4). Where have you seen this theme before? 4. Why were the executions of Adonijah, Joab and Shimei necessary? Do you remember Saul's reaction to a similar situation? Four deaths were necessary as Solomon ascended to the throne. There was the death of David, because there could only be one king. The other three deaths were necessary because poor motives and lack of submission would have provided a weak foundation for Solomon's reign (2:46). What are the applications as we become believers and enter our inheritance? What needs to die? Note 1 Corinthians 5:1-13 on God's desire for keeping purity among His people. My thoughts about God being enthroned in my life and what is needing to die: Page 4

28 Wisdom of Solomon Read Chapters What does Solomon request from God? 2. In what ways is there a contrast with God's answer to Solomon's request? 3. What do you perceive as Solomon's initial spiritual foundation? 4. What do we learn about Solomon's wisdom from the incident with the two women? 5. What does verse 34 of chapter 4 reveal about the relationship between God's blessing and a man's obedience? Solomon had a heart for God, but in the midst of this commitment he also made commitments of compromise and embraced idolatry. No man can serve two masters. In what ways is this a difficulty for you? Read James 4:3-6 regarding friendship with the world. My thoughts about Solomon's heart in contrast or comparison to my heart: Page 5

29 The Work of Solomon Read Chapters Here we see the preparations (5:1-18), construction (6:1-7:51), and dedication (8:1-66) of the temple. 2. Notice how long it took to build each of the two houses (6:38 and 7:1). Why is this significant? 3. What was necessary in preparation to build the temple of the Lord? 4. What is the tone and mood of this section? 5. What were Solomon's feelings about the completion of the temple and how were his feelings manifested? What was God's reaction? God's promise and warning again reveal His faithfulness and instruction (1 Kings 9:1-9). Any "work" for God must follow not only proper principles in construction but the workers must know the Object of their work! Do you pursue "knowing God" over and above "service" for God? Review Matthew 9:13 and 12:7 and appropriate cross-references. What are the benefits and liabilities of building for God: Page 6

30 Splendor and Apostasy Read Chapters In the previous reading we observed God's response to the building of the temple and His warning about apostasy. Acts 7:48, 49 reinforces this already clear concept: God wants to dwell in the hearts of His people. Buildings and activities are never to be a replacement for our personal walk with Christ. 2. What are the two areas of downfall for Solomon? 3. What was the result of this sin in Solomon's life? After all the years of service to God, Solomon's heart was still "prone to wander". Even in prosperity (especially in prosperity) the danger of apostasy is great. Do you see any elements of apostasy in your own heart? Note James 5:1-6 for insight into the snare of riches. Also read Proverbs 30:7-9 for added perspective. My thoughts on what part prosperity plays in my world-view: Page 7

31 Divided Kingdom Read Chapters What was Rehoboam's great mistake? Israel's mistake? 2. What was Jeroboams' downfall? 3. What is the significance (in context) of the disobedient prophet? 4. What instruction do we find in 14:25-28 about the certain effects of riches and power on the human heart? Once again Israel returns to her wicked ways. What has the history of Israel revealed to us thus far? What do we learn about the nature of man from the actions of the people and the nation? What do you learn about your own nature? My thoughts on what causes division and how they impact my life: Page 8

32 The Kings Reign Read Chapters Several divided kings bear special attention. First read the rest of 1 Kings and make separate lists with the headings...good Kings and Bad Kings! Note each king that fits in the appropriate list and briefly summarize why. 2. In a short statement, how would you summarize the reign of the Israelite kings? 3. What was the major evil of each of the kings? The good qualities of each? 4. Why do you feel the first two recorded events in the life of Elijah were placed in this context (Chapter 17)? The grace of the Living God and His Son Jesus Christ becomes more impressive and immense with each passing year of Israel's history! As we witness the completely lost nature of mankind we are constrained to cling to and live for God! My thoughts about how my good or evil conduct affects my life and the lives of others: Page 9

33 Ahab, Jezebel, Jehoshaphat Read Chapters Notice the increasingly prominent role of prophets. What was the basis of Ahab's sin? 2. What characterized the activities of Jezebel? Of Jehoshaphat? 3. What difficulties did this present for Elijah? Note the recurring phrase throughout the book, "According to the word of the Lord which He spoke." God's word and will is fulfilled with or without the cooperation of man. Note 1 Peter 1:22-25 in regard to God's Word and will in relationship to man. My thoughts about the ways that I feel I am cooperating with God: Page 10

34 KING FOR A DAY! The consequences of a person's actions are clearly delineated within the Scriptures. Each believer must be aware that forsaking our Lord's commands is the ultimate insult (Romans 6:23). Additionally each believer should learn and respond to the truth that our individual sins bear a more immediate result or consequence. In examining the lives of the kings of Israel, the penalty for a life of sin or apostasy is evident. The intent of this study is to consider the consequences of sin so that each believer will have a fuller appreciation of the uncompromising reality of God's judgment (Ecclesiastes 8:12-13). Although the paths that the kings followed were in many cases similar, each one teaches lessons about sin, judgment, and God's compassion. Select two or more of the kings to consider in light of the questions below: Jeroboam I Kings 12:25-14:18 Nadab I Kings 15:25-31 Boasha I Kings 15:32-16:7 Elah I Kings 16:8-14 Zimri I Kings 16:15-20 Omri I Kings 16:21-28 Ahab I Kings 16:29-34; 21; 22 Ahaziah I Kings 22:51-53 Examine the lives of the kings you have selected in light of the following questions: A. How did the CONDUCT of each king reflect God's commandments? Was it their actions or their attitudes that led to judgment? Describe the action or attitude of each (see Jeremiah 17:10). B. EVIDENT PUNISHMENT/CONSEQUENCE: What immediate judgment fell upon each king, if any? If the consequence for his sin was not immediately evident, how did the Lord's judgment come upon him or his descendants at a later date? What do you believe was the longterm result of the acts of each king? C. CORRELATION TO TODAY: In considering A and B above, can you identify certain actions or attitudes on your part in which the consequences of your lack of obedience are evident? What do you believe is the greatest loss to you for any disobedience in your life (Note 2 Corinthians 5:9-10)? Page 11

35 2 KINGS Fourthstream.com

36 Welcome to the book of 2 Kings! To begin your study of 2 Kings, meditate upon the contents of the book reflected in the overview chart below. What are the two major movements of this book? Who were the primary prophets of 1-17? What was the surviving kingdom? Of what tribes did it consist? As you read 18-25, evaluate the kings and the reforms they implemented or the rebellion they fostered. A key verse is 17:7. How does this verse reflect the theme words we have chosen for 2 Kings? The results of monarchy is really quite dismal for Israel. 2 KINGS Exile/Scatter DIVIDED KINGDOM 16:2-4 SURVIVING KINGDOM 18:3-6 prophets...1:3; 2:9 kings...17:7,8 reform...22:10-13 rebellion...23:32,37; 24:9, "Now this came about because the sons of Israel had sinned." 17:7 Also note the passages listed within the overview chart above. Take this opportunity to refer to and note each one, relating the section titles to the appropriate passage. What have you learned about 2 Kings thus far? 1 Samuel begins with the call of Samuel in a time where visions from the Lord were rare. 2 Samuel opens with David's success that led to a self-confidence that resulted in the shame of adultery and murder. 1 Kings gives the account of Solomon's divided interests and closes with a split into a divided kingdom. 2 Kings reviews the fortunes of the divided kingdom through both men of God and men of flesh. It ends with the complete collapse of the Kingdom and scattering of the people of God. Open your heart as you read! What do the messages and works of the prophets tell you about your own spiritual condition - as well as that of the people of Israel? How do the actions and reactions of the Kings give you specific instruction on your own response to God's Word? Reform contributes to our spiritual survival. Rebellion contributes to our spiritual captivity! Page 2

37 BACKGROUND In the midst of the Civil War in the United States, our President, Abraham Lincoln, gave his famous "House Divided" speech in which he quoted from Matthew 12:25 where the Lord Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees when He states the fact that "any kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and any city or house divided against itself shall not stand". The kingdom divided against itself in 1 Kings becomes the kingdom dissolved in 2 Kings. This book outlines the depressing history of two nations (Israel and Judah) on a collision course with captivity. The author of this book first traces the history of Israel forward to its captivity at the hands of the Assyrians (chapters 1-17), then retraces the history of Judah forward to its captivity at the hands of the Babylonians (chapters 18-25). The period of time covered in this book is approximately 300 years. What were the empires like which conquered the Northern and later Southern Kingdoms? The Assyrians were powerful and cruel warriors. Their practices were horrible. They skinned men alive, cut out their tongues, gouged out their eyes, dismembered their bodies, and often made mounds of the skulls of men to instill fear! Assyria was a world empire for 300 years. The capital of this empire was Nineveh to which Jonah was sent by God to preach a message of judgment. About 136 years after the Northern Kingdom had been taken into captivity by Assyria, the Southern Kingdom was captured by Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. The king of Babylon destroyed Jerusalem, burned the temple, confiscated most of its treasures and led the princes of Judah away into captivity. While Nebuchadnezzar would not tolerate any disloyalty to him as ruler, there is evidence that he and his empire were not as brutal as the Assyrians. The exiles of Judah may be described as being under liberal interment rather than in a concentration camp. Some captives were given special privileges such as owning their own homes and land, and even accumulated great wealth for themselves (Jeremiah 29:4-7). According to the historian, Josephus, when the exiles were given permission by Cyrus to return home, most refused because they were not able to part with their possessions (Jos. Antiq. XI 1.3). They had come under the influence of affluence and had replaced one form of captivity for another. WHY STUDY 2 KINGS? This book shows us how quickly a great nation (or church) can become divided and ultimately fail through the sin of its leaders and people. "Let him who thinks he stands keep watch or he may fall." (1 Corinthians 10:12) Page 3

38 2 Kings Chapter Chart A Bread of Life Bible Study Guide. Copyright Ahaziah of Israel Read Chapters What was Ahaziah's sin? 2. Why did Elijah answer with the statement, "If I am a man of God..."? 3. Why was fire the chosen way to display God's power in this instance? 4. What was the necessity of the challenge in 2:10? 5. What do we learn about Elijah? About Elisha (his character)? The closing words of this chapter reveal the stubbornness of the people's heart as these young men fail to submit to God's authority through Elisha. Ahaziah's sin was consultation of other gods before Yahweh (the Lord). The result would be a nation of young men who would revile authority. What patterns are you setting in life? Do you consult the God of heaven or the wisdom of men when you approach life's circumstances? Note James 3:13-18 for a comparison of these two kinds of wisdom! Page 4

39 Jehoram of Israel Read Chapters Notice in 3:1-3 the character of Jehoram's reign. What does Elijah's statement in 3:14 reveal? 2. What is the cause of the "great wrath" in 3:27? 3. How is the situation and faith of the widow symbolic of the nature of 2 Kings? 4. How does the outcome of the Shunnamite woman's son's life reveal something about Israel and Judah? 5. What was the lesson God is trying to teach through the example of Naaman? 6. Through the dishonesty of Gehazi? "The goal of our instruction is love from a pure heart, a clear conscience and sincere faith." (I Timothy 1:5). How does your commitment to God compare to this verse, as well as the examples of Naaman and Gehazi? Page 5

40 Jehoram's Reign Read Chapters What was the significance of the episode with the floating ax head in context with the account about Assyria? 2. Notice the contrasted faith of Elisha and his servant. How does God display His power to the Assyrians (Arameans)? To the king of Israel? 3. Why was the death of the royal officer necessary? 4. Notice the fulfilled prophecy about Hazael in 10:32, 13:3-7, 22. What is Elisha saying to Hazael in 8:10, 11? Man looks on the outward appearance, but God views the heart. In 8:11, Elisha cut right through Hazael's motives. Our God knows our heart. It is of no profit to try to lie to God. Our motives are transparent before Him! If our motives are not apparent now, they will be completely revealed in the future (Romans 2:16)! Why try to hide?! Page 6

41 Kings of Judah and Israel Read Chapters Why was the Lord's wrath withheld from Judah (8:19)? 2. Answer these questions about each king's reign: What was the character of each king's reign? What were the signs that occurred in each reign proclaiming the Word of the Lord? Notice the revival in 11:17-20 and the return to bondage in 12:2-3. We cannot allow the high places to remain. Have you torn down your altars and destroyed them beyond rebuilding? What are the remaining high places in your life? Note James 4:4-10 in this regard. Page 7

42 Kings of Judah and Israel Read Chapters Again answer these questions about each of the king's reigns: What was the character of each reign? 2. What were the signs that occurred in each reign proclaiming the Word of God? Reread 17:7-23, recounting and listing Israel's specific sins. How are these characteristics somewhat true of "religion" in American today? What can you change in your life relative to the lessons of these chapters? Note I Timothy 5:24, 25 concerning "religion." Page 8

43 Hezekiah and Manasseh Read Chapters Over whom did these two kings reign? 2. Where was Israel and her kings spiritually at this time? 3. How did Hezekiah's reign contrast and/or parallel that of the kings we have already read about? 4. Which of the major prophets is introduced here? 5. Notice the restatement of Israel's fall in 18:9-12. What was the failure of Hezekiah's reign? 6. Contrast the reign of Manasseh with that of Hezekiah. Notice the inconsistency of the quality of commitment and lifestyle that characterizes this whole period of Israel's history. Through the defeat of Sennacherib we once again see God's power manifested to a disobedient and unreliable people. Thank God for His miraculous grace that continues to be sufficient - despite the deficiencies of His people! Page 9

44 Jehoram's Reign Read Chapters Again answer the question, "What was the character of each reign?" 2. "What were the signs that occurred in each reign proclaiming the Word of the Lord?" Notice the ending note of the book. How does this captivity differ from that of Israel to Assyria? Review all the reigns of the kings. Page 10

45 ELIJAH HAS COME The Jews were very aware that the Messiah was due to arrive. In fact, there were over a dozen people claiming to be the Messiah at the time Jesus appeared in Jerusalem! When Jesus was questioned He was often asked if He or John the Baptist were Elijah or the Prophet or the Messiah. Elijah and Elisha had specific roles to fulfill among the Kings of Israel who ruled during the years of their lives and public ministries. But even more stunning is the way Elijah and Elisha gave a clear picture of what kinds of things would surround the Messiah! He would do things that had never been heard of or seen since the foundation of the world. As Jesus performed miracles and even raised the dead, the Jews should have had no doubt who was before them. The miracles of Elijah and Elisha are personal and shocking, and they will only be eclipsed when Jesus shows up on the world stage hundreds of years later. Make a list of the miracles of these two prophets, paging through your studied chapters of 1 & 2 Kings. Do you see any similarities to the miracles that Jesus performed? 1 & 2 Kings Miracles Purpose of the Miracle? Similar Jesus Miracle Why do you think the Jews in Jesus day missed the significance of Jesus' miracles? How can people in our world be guilty of the same error?

46 1 CHRONICLES Fourthstream.com

47 Welcome to the book of 1 Chronicles! To begin your study of I Chronicles, meditate on the content of the book reflected in the overview chart below. What are the two major movements of this book? What do you notice that is peculiar about the three-fold geneology? Why was this geneology included? By noting the four lines of description under David's reign, how would you compare it with what we have seen in 2 Samuel? Much of I Chronicles is further comment by God on what we had seen in 2 Samuel from the life of David, although there is additional information, a decidedly different tone, and a different purpose in the book. 1 CHRONICLES Throne Secured GENEOLOGIES 9:1 Adam to Noah Abraham to Isaac Returning Remnant DAVID'S REIGN 17:7,8; 29:29,30 Saul...10:13,14 Kingdom...14:2 Temple...22:18, "And David realized that the Lord had established him." 14:2 Also note the passages listed in the overview chart above. Take this opportunity to refer to and note each one, relating the section titles to the appropriate passage. What have you learned thus far about I Chronicles? I Samuel begins with the call of Samuel the judge and closes with the casket of Saul. 2 Samuel opens with David's success and closes with his shame over Bathsheba and Absolom which is the result of his sin. I Kings opens with Solomon's splendor and closes with a split in the kingdom. 2 Kings opens with the subjectivity of Ahaziah and closes with the scattering of Israel. I Chronicles opens with a historical statement of geneology and closes with specifics of David's reign from a decidedly differenet perspective than we have seen before. Open your heart as you read! What new insights do you learn about being whole-hearted in Christ? Just because the throne was secured for David and his son, Solomon, there was no guarantee against sin and its consequent judgment! We must work out our salvation with fear and trembling. Are you? Page 2

48 NAME The name "Chronicles" comes from the Latin title of these Old Testament books; the Hebrew title means "events of the times", while the Greek literally means "leftovers" (i.e., things left over from the books of Kings). Chronicles once existed as a single book, but the Septuagint translators divided the work into two separate books. AUTHOR Talmudic tradition suggests Ezra wrote the Chronicles, but some conservative Bible scholars are in disagreement on this point. The following arguments would tend to support Ezra as the writer: 1. The book of Ezra compares favorably in language style and type of contents. 2. The closing verses of II Chronicles are repeated as the opening verses of Ezra (1:1-3a). DATE Internal evidence, such as I Chronicles 3:16-24 and 9:1 make clear that Chronicles were written after the exile to Babylon. The very last works of II Chronicles make even the edict of Cyrus, which officially ended the exiles, a thing of the past. The close affinity between Chronicles and Ezra suggests that both books were written at the same time. Since Ezra describes events down to 457 B.C., it seems that the book of Chronicles was written about 450 B.C. OTHER BACKGROUND The reign of David and preparations for the building of the temple are covered in I Chronicles. The book falls into two major sections: The Line of David (chapters 1-9) The Reign of David (chapters 10-29) It is also interesting to note the many sources the author of Chronicles used in his compilation. These sources of reference by the author are very revealing after careful consideration. They indicate: a) that the author was well informed for his job; b) that he was using well-known documents which proved the legitimacy of his work; and c) that many consultable writings by competent scholars had accumulated during Israel's history. This fact alone should reaffirm in our minds the reliability of the Bible and its historicity. Why study the book of I Chronicles? Many might feel that the first nine chapters of this book, containing endless genealogical tables, is a waste of the paper they are written on, or a good cure for insomnia. To the Jews, however, these lines of descent were a further assurance that the nation was the possessor of Divine promises reaching on to unborn generations. This same truth applies to the believer today, for the Divine promises contained in the Bible are applicable to succeeding generations of "Spiritual children". For the Israelites, the past took on a whole new significance, for it was of its fathers, it would be blessed. If we, as believers, would only acquire the faith of our fathers, we too would be blessed. Page 3