Abraham and Melchizedek

Transcription

1 Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 406 Abraham and Melchizedek Scribal Activity of Second Temple Times in Genesis 14 and Psalm 110 Bearbeitet von Gard Granerød 1. Auflage Buch. XIV, 331 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23 cm Gewicht: 607 g schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents Preface v Part I: Introduction Background, Method, Aim, and Overview Genesis 14: A Late Work of a Scribe s Desk, Made on the Basis of Early Traditions? Brief Outline of Westermann s Results and My Objections Why a Study on Genesis 14? A Brief Epistemological Consideration The Emergence of the Paradigm of Diachronic, Inner-Biblical Intertextuality in Recent Research In the Field of Prophetic Literature In the Field of Pentateuchal Studies and in General Common Denominators: Diachrony and Inner-Biblical Intertextuality The Paradigm of Diachronic, Inner-Biblical Intertextuality: A Promising Paradigm for Exploring the Background, Origin, and Purpose of Genesis Aim, Scope, and Fundamental Hypothesis Overview of Part II, Part III, and Part IV Ad Part II: Genesis 14* Ad Part III: The Melchizedek Episode (= ME) in Genesis 14: Ad Part IV: The Addition of Genesis 14* and the Melchizedek Episode in Perspective Part II: Genesis 14* Genesis 14: Characteristics, Textual Integrity, and Textual Criticism. Preliminary Discussion and Hypotheses

3 viii Contents 2.1 Features Unique to Genesis 14 in the Context of the Patriarchal Narratives Abram on the International Political Scene Absence of Metaphysical Explanations in Genesis 14* Detailed Itineraries, Chronological Speci cations, and Abundance of Names The Textual Integrity of Genesis The Melchizedek Episode (= ME) in Genesis 14:18 20: A Secondary Interpolation Genesis 14*: A Compound Narrative? Critical Examination of the Theory of a Tripartite Division The Textual Integrity of Genesis 14*: A Uni ed and Internally Consistent Narrative Genesis 14 and Textual Criticism Di erences in the Rendition of Names Di erences Caused during the Copying and Transmission of the Text or by Di ering Vocalization Di erences Owing to Subsequent Stylistic Improvements Hypothesis Genesis 14* and the Abraham Tradition Point of Departure: A People Named after the Most Prominent Patriarch s Grandson References to Abraham outside the Pentateuch Abraham in the Historical Literature Abraham in the Poetic Literature Abraham in the Prophetic Literature The Book of Isaiah Micah 7: Jeremiah 33: Ezekiel 33: Summing up Abraham outside the Pentateuch Genesis 14* and the Composition History of the Abraham Narratives Introduction Fractures in the Proximate Compositional Context of Genesis 14* The Literary Growth of the Text Block Genesis Doublets and Contradictions

4 Contents ix Identifying and Subtracting the Priestly Material Material Dependent on the Priestly Material Pre-Priestly Material in the Block Genesis on Which the Priestly Material Is Dependent The Growth of the Block Genesis 14 17: A Preliminary Synthesis Did Genesis 15 Originally Continue Genesis 13 or Genesis 14? Summary and Conclusion Why Was Genesis 14* Composed and Inserted into the Abraham Narrative? An A empt at a Literary Answer Introduction David M. Carr: Genesis 14 Unfolds the Curse of Canaan and the Blessing on Shem Benjamin Ziemer: Genesis 14 a Midrash to Genesis A Leerstelle in the Conclusion of Genesis Genesis 13: The Parallel to MT Genesis 13:14 18 in the Aramaic Genesis Apocryphon Excursus: The Extent of the Promised Land and the Territories of the Invading Kings in the Genesis Apocryphon Preliminary Conclusion The Composition of Genesis 14* Triggered by the Leerstelle after Genesis 13: Summary and Conclusion The Literary Building Blocks of the Author of Genesis 14* Introduction Literary Building Blocks Borrowed from Biblical Sources The Narrative Framework The Pentapolis People and Places Subdued by the Invading Kings and the Wilderness Wandering of the Israelites Abram the Hebrew and His Amorite Allies Literary Building Blocks Borrowed Partly from Biblical Sources, Borrowed Partly from Other Sources, or Invented by the Author

5 x Contents The Names of the Invading Kings and Their Kingdoms Earlier A empts to Identify the Names My Proposal: Borrowings from the Table of Nations (Genesis 10) and from the Foreign Population Living in the Diaspora The Names of the Pentapolis Kings The Stations along Abram s Pursuit and Return The Map Plo ed in Genesis 14 and David s Empire According to 2 Samuel Summary The Historical Motivation for the Author of Genesis 14* and the Text s Historical Meaning The Date of Composition: A Synthesis of the Di erent Approaches Postexilic Ideas and Events as Possible Background for Genesis 14* Abram in Genesis 14* A Model Figure The Corporate Use of Abram and the Invading Kings Not a Concrete but a Typical Campaign? Genesis 14*: An Anti-Persian Text? The World of Diaspora Communities Evident in Ezra 4: The Historical Background for the Construction of the Coalition of Chedorlaomer, Tidal, Amraphel, and King Arioch? The Delimitation of ha-<ares\ as a Literary Topos in the Postexilic Period Fact and Fiction Interwoven in Quasi-Historical Narratives from the Persian and Hellenistic Periods A Plea for Restoration: A empt at Some Historically Quali ed Conjectures about the Historical Meaning and the Ideology of the Author Part III: The Melchizedek Episode (= ME) in Genesis 14: Preliminaries Episode: An Appropriate Term Catchwords from Previous Research on the ME: Aetiology and Tradition History Some Critical Remarks about Earlier Research

6 Contents xi 8.4 The Terms and Concepts in the ME: Inconclusive with Respect to the Date of the Episode El s Epithets Elyon Creator of Heaven and Earth Who Delivered Your Enemies into Your Hands Melchizedek s Two Blessings: A Clue to the Provenance of the ME? Excursus: Is Abram Blessed by or in Front of El Elyon? Nothing in the ME Necessitates an Early Date Is There a Melchizedek Tradition and Where? Extrabiblical Sources A Melchizedek Tradition also prior to and within the Bible? Is qd<c,-ykil.m; a Personal Name in both Genesis 14:18 20 and Psalm 110:4? Concluding Remark Preliminary Conclusion and Point of Departure: The ME A Doubly Late Interpolation Hypothesis: The Origin of the Melchizedek Episode Best Explained within the Paradigm of Diachronic, Inner-Biblical Exegesis Psalm 110 A Poetic Version of Genesis 14* You in Psalm 110 = Abraham The Composition of the ME: The Result of a Secondary Assimilation between Genesis 14* and Psalm Psalm The Characters Speaking and Spoken to in the Psalm Traditional Issues in the Research Textual Criticism Date Royal Ideology The Notion of the Ancient Israelite Judahite Royal Ideology and Consequences for the Dating of Psalm Psalm 110 A Hellenistic Encomion? Conclusion: A Date of Composition in the Monarchic Period Probable for Psalm

7 xii Contents 11. The Phenomenon of Assimilation in the Bible Historiography Assimilating into Poetry Poetry Creating Historiography The Rabbinic Hermeneutical Principle Gezerah Shawah and Its Biblical Predecessor Conclusion qd<c,-ykil.m; ytir"b.di-l[;: An Analysis of MT Psalm 110:4b Two Assumptions Shared by the Majority of Scholars Alternative Voices Concerning ytir"b.di-l[; and qd<c,-ykil.m; in the History of Research The Common View: Following LXX Psalm 109:4b Objections against the Common View The Prepositional Phrase ytir"b.di-l[; in Psalm 110:4b Methodology for Describing the Semantics of a hapax legomenon The Semantics of ytir"b.di-l[; The Formative yod in ytir'b.di-l[; Conclusion The Two Words qd<c,-ykil.m; in Psalm 110:4b Lack of Historical Evidence Orthographic Counterevidence Evidence Based on the Reception History Form and Meaning of qd<c,-ykil.m; Reminiscences of a Canaanite God S\edeq in the qd,c,-ykil.m; of Psalm 110? Psalm 110:4: Synthesis and Conclusion Early Intertextual Readings of Genesis 14 and Psalm The Abrahamic Interpretation of Psalm 110 and Other Cases of Early Intertextual Readings of Genesis 14 and Psalm The Origin of the Intertextual Reading of Genesis 14 and Psalm 110 Independent of qd<c,-ykil.m; The Result of an Assimilation of Two Texts, Both Thought to Be Referring to Abram s War with the King A Historiographical Reading of Psalm Leerstellen in Genesis 14* vis-à-vis Psalm Hypothesis: The ME Was Composed to Fill Out the Leerstellen in Genesis 14*

8 Contents xiii 14.4 First Case of Psalm Surplus Crystallizing in the ME Second Case of Psalm Surplus Crystallizing in the ME Third Case of Psalm Surplus Crystallizing in the ME Excursus: Abraham, a Priest According to the ME? A Possible Fourth Case of Psalm Surplus Crystallizing in the ME What Has Happened to the Words qd<c,-ykil.m; on the Way from Psalm 110 to the Melchizedek Episode? Personi cation Alternative Explanation: Creation of Legendary Biographies and New Narrative Roles Evaluation: Personi cation or the (Secondary) Creation of a Legendary Biography? Assimilation In the Form of an Aggadah? The Date of the Melchizedek Episode A Critical Assessment of the Assimilation Model Summary of Part III Part IV: The Addition of Genesis 14* and the Melchizedek Episode in Perspective The Addition of Genesis 14 to the Torah in Light of Second Temple Period Book Production Aim and Scope The Technical Aspect Book Format: Scrolls Genesis 14 Added by Filling an Open Space or by Writing in the Margin? Needlework? The Likeliest Explanation: Both Genesis 14* and Later the ME Were Added in Connection with the Production of New Copies The Milieu of the Authors and Copyists The Centre of Jewish Literary Culture in the Second Temple Period Priestly Provenance: Implications for Understanding the ME?

9 xiv Contents 19.4 Echoes of Earlier Texts in Genesis 14 and the Role of Literary Templates for the Production of New Texts Expansion and Reworking: Sign of the High Estimation of the Reworked Text Part V: Bibliography Abbreviations of Periodicals, Reference Works, Serials, etc Bibliography Index of Ancient Names, Deities, Personi cations Index of Modern Authors Index of Passages