THOUGHT OF NACHMANIDES: LEKH LEKHA: BIBLICAL TYPOLOGY #1
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1 THOUGHT OF NACHMANIDES: LEKH LEKHA: BIBLICAL TYPOLOGY #1 Gavriel Z. Bellino October 21, 2015 Nachmanides on Genesis 12:6 AND ABRAM PASSED THROUGH THE LAND. I will tell you a principle by which you will understand all the coming portions of Scripture concerning Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It is indeed a great matter which our Rabbis mentioned briefly, saying: Whatever has happened to the patriarchs is a sign to the children. It is for this reason that the verses narrate at great length the account of the journeys of the patriarchs, the digging of the wells, and other events. Now someone may consider them unnecessary and of no useful purpose, but in truth they all serve as a lesson for the future: When an event happens to any one of the three patriarchs; that which is decreed to happen to his children can be understood. פרוש הרמב ן על ספר בראשית יב:ו Concerning all decisions of the guardians [angels] I know that when they proceed from a potential decree to a symbolic act, the decree will in any case be effected. It is for this reason that the prophets often perform some act in conjunction with the prophecies, just as Jeremiah commanded Baruch his disciple, And it shall be, when thou hast made an end of reading this book, that thou shalt bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst of the Euphrates, and thou shalt say: Thus shall Babylon sink. Likewise is the matter of Elisha when he put his arm on the bow [held by Joash, King of Israel]: And Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The Eternal s arrow of victory, even the arrow of victory against Aram. And it is further stated there, And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldst have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Aram till thou hadst consumed it whereas now thou shalt smite Aram but thrice. 1
2 It is for this reason that the Holy One, blessed be He, caused Abraham to take possession of the Land and symbolically did to him all that was destined to happen in the future to his children. Understand this principle. Now, with the help of God, I will begin to explain in detail the subject matter of the verses. And Abram passed through the land unto the place of Shechem. This is the city of Shechem for such was the name of this place, and Shechem the son of Hamor was called by the name of his city. Now Rashi wrote, He entered it unto the place of Shechem in order to pray on behalf of Jacob s sons when they would come grieved from the field. This is correct. And I add that Abraham took possession of this place at the very beginning, even before the land was given to him. It was thus hinted to him that his, children would first conquer this place before they would merit it and before the guilt of the dwellers of the land was full to warrant their exile therefrom. It is for this reason that the verse here states, And the Canaanite was then in the land. And when the Holy One, blessed be He, gave him the land by His Word, Abraham journeyed from there and pitched his tent between Beth El and Ai for this was the place that Joshua captured first. Nachmanides on Genesis 12: AND THERE WAS A FAMINE IN THE LAND. Now Abraham went down to Egypt on account of the famine to dwell there in order to keep himself alive in the days of the drought, but the Egyptians oppressed him for no reason [and attempted] to take his wife. The Holy One, blessed be He, avenged their cause with great plagues, and brought forth from there with cattle, silver, and with gold, and Pharaoh even commanded his men to escort them from the land. פרוש הרמב ן על ספר בראשית יב:י 2
3 He thereby alluded to Abraham that his children would go down to Egypt on account of the famine to dwell there in the land, and the Egyptians would do them evil and take the women from them, just as Pharaoh said, And every daughter ye shall save alive, but the holy One blessed be He would avenge their cause with great plagues until He would bring them forth with silver and gold, sheep and oxen, very rich in cattle, with the Egyptians pressuring them to send them out of the land. Nothing was lacking in all the events that happened to the patriarch that would not occur to the children. The Rabbis have explained this subject in Bereshith Rabbah: Rabbi Pinchas said in the name of Rabbi Oshaya that the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Abraham, Go forth and tread out a path for your children! Thus you find that whatever is written concerning Abraham is also written concerning his children. In connection with Abraham it is written, And there was a famine in the land ; in connection with Israel, it is written For these two years hath the famine been in the land. Know that Abraham our father unintentionally committed a great sin by bringing his righteous wife to a stumbling-block of sin on account of his fear for his life. He should have trusted that God would save him and his wife and all his belongings for God surely has the power to help and to save. His leaving the Land, concerning which he had been commanded from the beginning, on account of the famine, was also a sin he committed, for in famine God would redeem him from death. It was because of this deed that the exile in the land of Egypt at the hand of Pharaoh was decreed for his children. In the place of justice, there is wickedness and sin. 3
4 Midrash Genesis Rabbah 40:6 AND HE DEALT WELL WITH ABRAM, etc. (XII, 16). It is written, And Pharaoh gave men charge concerning him, etc. (ib. 20). R. Phinehas commented in R. Hoshaya's name: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to our father Abraham, ' Go forth and tread out a path for thy children. For you find that everything written in connection with Abraham is written in connection with his children. In connection with Abraham it is written, And there was a famine in the land (ib. 10); while in connection with Israel it is written, For these two years hath the famine been in the land (ib. XLV, 6). Abraham: And Abram went down into Egypt; Israel: And our fathers went down into Egypt (Num. XX, 15). Abraham: To sojourn there; Israel: To sojourn in the land are we come (Gen. XLVII, 4). Abraham: For the famine was sore in the land; Israel: And the famine was sore in the land (ib. XLIII, 1). Abraham: And it came to pass, when he was come near (hikrib) to enter into Egypt; Israel: And when Pharaoh drew nigh-hikrib (Ex. XIV, 10).5 Abraham: And they will kill me, but thee they will keep alive; Israel: Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive (ib. I, 22). Abraham: Say, I pray thee, that thou art my sister, that it may be well with me; Israel: And God dealt well with the midwives (ib. 20). Abraham: And it came to pass, that, when Abram was come into Egypt; Israel: Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came in Egypt (ib. 1). Abraham: And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold (Gen. XIII, 2); Israel: And He brought them forth with silver and gold (Ps. CV, 37). Abraham: And Pharaoh gave men charge concerning him, and they sent him away; Israel: And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, to send them out (Ex. XII, 33). Abraham: And he went on his journeys (Gen. XIII, 3); Israel: These are the journeys of the children of Israel (Num. XXXIII, 1). מדרש רבה בראשית פרשה מ פסקה ו ולאברם היטיב בעבורה ויהי לו צאן ובקר וגו' ויצו עליו פרעה אנשים וישלחו אותו ר' פנחס בשם רבי הושעיא רבה אמר אמר הקב"ה לאברהם אבינו צא וכבוש את הדרך לפני בניך את מוצא כל מה שכתוב באברהם כתיב בבניו באברהם כתיב )שם יב( ויהי רעב בארץ בישראל כתיב )שם מח( כי זה שנתים הרעב בקרב הארץ באברהם כתיב )שם יב( וירד אברם מצרימה לגור שם ובישראל כתיב )במדבר כ( וירדו אבותינו מצרימה באברהם כתיב לגור שם ובישראל כתיב לגור בארץ באנו באברהם כתיב כי כבד הרעב בארץ כנען בישראל כתיב והרעב כבד בארץ באברהם כתיב ויהי כאשר הקריב בישראל כתיב ופרעה הקריב באברהם כתיב )בראשית יב( והרגו אותי ואותך יחיו ובישראל כתיב )שמות א( כל הבן הילוד היאורה תשליכוהו באברהם כתיב אמרי נא אחותי את למען ייטב לי בעבורך וגו' ובישראל כתיב וייטב אלהים למילדות באברהם כתיב ויהי כבוא אברם מצרימה ובישראל כתיב )שם( אלה שמות בני ישראל הבאים מצרימה באברהם כתיב )בראשית יג( ואברם כבד מאד במקנה ובישראל כתיב )תהלים קה( ויוציאם בכסף וזהב באברהם כתיב ויצו עליו פרעה ובישראל כתיב ותחזק מצרים על העם באברהם כתיב וילך למסעיו ובישראל כתיב אלה מסעי בני ישראל: Abraham Famine Descent to Egypt Sojourning Sore famine Drawing near Saving half camp Sister good for me Coming to Egypt Abraham rich with gold and silver Pharaoh charges men Abraham s journeys Descendants Famine (Israel) Descent to Egypt Sojourning Sore famine (Israel) Drawing near Saving girls Good to midwives Coming to Egypt Israelites rich with gold and silver Egyptians were urgent Nation s journeys 4
5 Midrash Tanchuma Lekh Lekha 9 מדרש תנחומא לך לך פרק ט ויהי בימי אמרפל זש"ה בך צרינו ננגח בשמך נבוס קמינו )תהלים מד( אמר רבי יצחק ב' שנים כ' עשרים אלו כ"ב אותיות שבהם נתנה התורה אמר אברהם רבש"ע אלולי ששתפת כבודך עמי ועזרתני מה אדם אחד כנגד תשעה מלכים וחיילותיהם אלא אתה נותן ליעף כח אלה ברכב ואלה בסוסים ואני בשמך תרום קרני מנין שכך כתיב ויחלק עליהם לילה הוא ועבדיו ויכם וירדפם עד חובה אשר משמאל לדמשק רבותינו אמרו הלילה נחלק מאליו רבי בנימין אמר הקב"ה שהיה יודע עתיו ורגעיו נכנס בו כחוט השערה הוא חלקו אמר לו הקב"ה לאברהם אתה עשית הרג בשונאי מחצי הלילה עד הבקר חייך אני אעשה הרג בשונאי בניך מחצי לילה עד הבוקר ובמדה זו אני פורע להם הה"ד ויהי בחצי הלילה וה' הכה כל בכור בארץ מצרים מבכור פרעה היושב על כסאו עד בכור השבי אשר בבית הבור וכל בכור בהמה )שמות יב( לכך נאמר ויהי בימי אמרפל א"ר יהושע דסכנין סימן נתן לו הקב"ה לאברהם שכל מה שאירע לו אירע לבניו כיצד בחר באברהם מכל בית אביו שנאמר אתה הוא ה' האלהים אשר בחרת באברם והוצאתו מאור כשדים ושמת שמו אברהם )נחמיה ט( ובחר בבניו משבעים אומות שנאמר כי עם קדוש אתה לה' אלהיך ובך בחר ה' אלהיך להיות לו לעם סגולה מכל העמים אשר על פני האדמה )דברים יד( לאברהם נאמר לך לך ולבניו נאמר אעלה אתכם מעני מצרים אל ארץ הכנעני והחתי והאמורי והפרזי והחוי והיבוסי אל ארץ זבת חלב ודבש )שמות ג( לאברהם נאמר ואברכך ואגדלה שמך והיה ברכה ואברכה מברכיך ולבניו נאמר יברכך ה' )במדבר ו( לאברהם נאמר ואעשך לגוי גדול ולבניו נאמר ומי גוי גדול )דברים ד( אברהם כתיב בו אחד היה אברהם )יחזקאל לג( וישראל ומי כעמך ישראל וגו' )ד"ה א יז( לאברהם נאמר ויהי רעב בארץ וירד אברם מצרימה לגור שם כי כבד הרעב בארץ ולבניו כיון ששבו למצרים והרעב היה בארץ )בראשית מג( אברהם ע"י הרעב ירד למצרים ואף בניו על ידי הרעב ירדו למצרים שנאמר וירדו אחי יוסף עשרה לשבור בר ממצרים )שם מב( אברהם כשירד נזדווגו לו המצרים ויראו המצרים את האשה כי יפה היא מאד אף לבניו הבה נתחכמה לו פן ירבה והיה כי תקראנה מלחמה ונוסף גם הוא על שונאינו 5
6 6 ונלחם בנו ועלה מן הארץ )שמות א( אברהם נזדווגו לו ארבעה מלכים אף לישראל עתידין כל המלכים להתרגש עליהם שנאמר )תהלים ב( למה רגשו גוים ולאמים יהגו ריק ואומר יתיצבו מלכי ארץ ורוזנים נוסדו יחד על ה' ועל משיחו מה אברהם יצא הקב"ה ונלחם בשונאיו שנ' )ישעיה מא( מי העיר ממזרח צדק יקראהו לרגלו יתן לפניו גוים ומלכים ירד יתן כעפר חרבו כקש נדף קשתו אף כך עתיד הקב"ה לעשות לבניו שנאמר ויצא ה' ונלחם בגוים ההם כיום הלחמו ביום קרב )זכריה יד(:
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