bible Maps Then and now Table of Contents The Conquest of the Promised Land to the United Kingdom The Divided Kingdom to the Persian Empire

Transcription

1 Then and now bible Maps The Beginnings to the Exodus Table of Contents Old Testament Middle East: Then and Now Old Testament Time Line... 5 Abraham s Journeys... 6 Journeys of Jacob and Joseph The Exodus... 8 Map of the Tabernacle The Conquest of the Promised Land to the United Kingdom Old Testament Holy Land Twelve Tribes: Then and Now Judges and Prophets of Israel Holy Land United Kingdom: Then and Now The of King David and King Solomon The Divided Kingdom to the Persian Empire Old Testament Holy Land Divided Kingdom: Then and Now Prophets of the Old Testament Assyrian Empire: Then and Now The Kingdoms and King Nebuchadnezzar Babylonian and Persian Empires: Then and Now The Life of Jesus New Testament New Testament Time Line Holy Land New Testament: Then and Now Life of Jesus at the Time of Jesus The Tomb of Jesus The Spread of Christianity New Testament The Journeys of Peter and Philip List of Paul s Travels and Missionary Journeys Paul s Journeys: Then and Now Paul s Early Travels Paul s Missionary Journeys and Journey to Rome Letters Written by Paul to Churches and Pastors The Expansion of Christianity by ad

2 Fascinating Facts Old Testament People & Places (Maps on pages 1-23) The Tower of Babel and the Garden of Eden were probably in Iraq near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Noah s ark may have landed in Turkey (Mt. Ararat). Abraham was born near Basra, Iraq, and walked from there, through Syria, to reach Israel (the Promised Land). Egypt already had some pyramids when Joseph arrived. Samson pulled down the pillars of the Philistine temple in the Gaza Strip. The Queen of Sheba (Yemen) went with camels to visit King Solomon in. Jonah was sent by God to Nineveh (near Mosul, Iraq today). The first Olympic games were held about Jonah s time. Daniel was taken captive as a teenager to Babylon (Iraq), south of Baghdad. He lived there the rest of his life. Daniel lived about the same era as Confucius and Buddha. He was a political leader, prophet, and interpreted dreams. Queen Esther and the Greek philosopher Socrates lived in the same century. Esther married the King of Persia, and her throne was in Iran at Shushan (Susa) about 100 miles from Kuwait City. Damascus is the oldest continuously occupied large city in the world. The Great Wall of China was built and the Mayan Calendar was invented 200 years before Jesus was born. Cleopatra was queen of Egypt just 30 years before Jesus was born. New Testament People & Places (Maps on pages 24-38) Jesus went to Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. He was born in the West Bank. Paul was born in Asia Minor (Turkey). His Jewish name was Saul. Paul was his Roman name. Paul spent most of his ministry in Syria, Turkey, Greece, and Italy. Paul went through two Antiochs one in Syria, the other in Turkey. Mars Hill (the Areopagus) in Athens where Paul spoke is a place where Athenians held meetings and tried murder cases. Paul sent Titus to Dalmatia (Croatia). If he had traveled by land, Titus would have gone through Bosnia, Serbia, Yugoslavia, Albania, or Greece. Paul preached to the elite of his day, including King Agrippa, great-grandson of the King Herod who had the baby boys of Bethlehem killed after Jesus birth. Paul never saw the Colosseum in Rome. The building project started four years after his death. On his way to Rome, Paul would have sailed past the city of Pompeii about 20 years before it was buried by ash and lava from Mt. Vesuvius s volcanic eruption. When Asia is mentioned in Acts, it refers to Asia Minor (Turkey today), not the Far East. The Temple of Artemis (Diana) in Ephesus was one of the Seven Wonders of the World. All seven churches mentioned in Revelation were in the area of Turkey today. Deluxe Then and Now Bible Maps Copyright 2008 RW Research, Inc. All rights reserved. Rose Publishing, Inc Torrance Blvd., #259 Torrance, California USA

3 Now 3 Antalya TURKEY ARMENIA Baku AZERBAIJAN TURKMENI- STAN Adana LEBANON ISRAEL Cairo Giza Suez Gulf of Suez SINAI PENIN- SULA Nicosia Tel Aviv-Yafo Gaza Strip Suez Canal Elat Tripoli Beirut Golan Heights Aqaba Gulf of Aqaba West Bank JORDAN Aleppo SYRIA IRAQ Mosul Kirkuk Tikrit Baghdad Basra KUWAIT Kuwait City Hamaden ( ) Tehran IRAN Luxor Aswan Lake Nasser Medina Riyadh Dhahran BAHRAIN Manama QATAR Doha Abu Dhabi Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Mecca SAUDI ARABIA Port Sudan SUDAN OMAN ERITREA Asmara ETHIOPIA Sanaa YEMEN

4 Middle East: Then and Now 4 CYPRUS HITTITES FERTILE CRESCENT Tarsus Paphos Mediterranean (Great ) Byblos On Noph (Memphis) CANAAN Jericho Amman Gaza Sidon Tyre Ezion-geber Ugarit Hamath Bethlehem Damascus HURRIANS Haran MESOPOTAMIA Mari Euphrates Mt. Ararat River ASSYRIA Nineveh Nimrud Tigris River ARMENIA BABYLONIA Babylon Tower of Babel? Nippur SUMER Ur Garden of Eden? Susa ELAM Caspian Ecbatana MEDIA Persepolis Nile River Thebes EGYPT PERSIA Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf) Red ARABIAN DESERT Nile River CUSH SHEBA Gulf of Aden Arabian Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays miles 0 km City or Town Ancient Ruins/Sites Mountain Modern Capital cities

5 5 Old Testament Time Line The Beginning b c b c Books of the Old Testament (Books listed by earliest event, not date of writing.) Genesis Job Exodus, Leviticus Numbers, Deuteronomy Joshua, Judges Ruth 1 & 2 Samuel 1 Chronicles Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes Song of Solomon, 1 Kings 2 Kings, Joel Jonah, Micah, Isaiah Hosea, Amos Nahum, Jeremiah, Lamentations Zephaniah, Habakkuk 2 Chronicles, Daniel, Ezekiel Obadiah Haggai, Zechariah, Esther Ezra, Nehemiah, Malachi Old Testament Time Line Bible History World History Kings of the Old Testament Creation, Adam and Eve. The Fall. Cain and Abel. Enoch taken to heaven. Noah and the Flood. Noah s sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth. Tower of Babel. Language confused and peoples disperse. Job. God tells Abram to go to Canaan. Abram travels from his home in Ur in Mesopotamia to Canaan, the Promised Land. God promises to give the land to Abram s descendants. Abram goes to Egypt and back due to famine. Ishmael born. Abram s name changed to Abraham. Sodom and Gomorrah. Isaac born. Earliest cuneiform writing (3000 bc). Middle Bronze Age. Pyramids built in Egypt and ziggurats built in Mesopotamia ( bc). bc United Kingdom Isaac and Rebekah have twins, Jacob and Esau. Jacob goes to Haran, marries Leah and Rachel, has 12 sons. The Lord names Jacob Israel. Son Joseph sold into slavery, taken to Egypt. Joseph interprets Pharaoh s dream, becomes a ruler in Egypt. Jacob (Israel) and family go to Egypt. Jacob s descendants live in Egypt about 400 years. They are slaves for part of that time, building Pithom and Raamses, which are store cities. Baby Moses saved by Pharaoh s daughter. God speaks to Moses in burning bush. Moses (age 80) gives God s message to Pharaoh. Miracles. Plagues. First Passover. The Exodus: Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt. Crosses the Red. Wandering 40 years. During wanderings (above): Ten Commandments. Laws. Golden calf. The Tabernacle is completed. Ark of the Covenant. Spies sent to Canaan. Rahab hides spies. Moses dies. After the 40 years, Joshua conquers Canaan. Period of the Judges and cycles of disobedience. Judges include Deborah and Gideon. People of Israel attacked by the Philistines, Canaanites, Midianites, Ammonites, and others. Ruth, a widow from Moab, chooses to follow God. Eli, high priest 40 years. Samson pulls down Philistine temple in Gaza. Samuel, the first prophet and last judge of Israel. Saul becomes first king of Israel. David slays Goliath. Saul disobeys the Lord and the Lord rejects him as king. David selected as next king. Saul tries to kill David. (See Kings of the Old Testament at far right.) David is the second king of Israel. When David becomes old, his sons Absalom and later Adonijah conspire for the throne. David and Bathsheba s son, Solomon, becomes the third king. First Temple built. After Solomon s death the kingdom divides: Israel (north) and Judah (south). Elijah and the prophets of Baal. Jezebel, the wicked queen of Israel. Elijah and Elisha see chariot of fire. Elijah goes to heaven in whirlwind. Elisha and the miracles of the widow s oil and raising the Shunammite s son. Naaman healed of leprosy. The Lord blinds the attacking Aramean army. Joel. Jonah is sent to Nineveh. Amos and Hosea prophesy to Israel. Isaiah and Micah prophesy to Judah. Fall of Samaria (Israel) to Assyria. (722 bc) People deported to other lands. Old Babylonian Period. Minoan Crete, palace at Knossos, legend of the Minotaur. Indoor bathroom plumbing developed. King Hammurabi of Babylon writes code of law. Babylonians develop the 60-minute hour. After Hammurabi s death, Hittites plunder Babylon. Assyria rises in strength. Stonehenge erected in Britain ( ?). Late Bronze Age. Mycenaean civilization in Greece. Minoan Crete destroyed by volcano and earthquakes. Period of the Egyptian Empire. Egyptian Pharaoh Ikhnaton develops a monotheistic religion. Tutankhamen becomes Pharaoh of Egypt, and reinstates earlier gods. Legend: Greeks use the Trojan horse to defeat Troy. Iron Age. People begin to use iron tools. Phoenicians have main centers in Tyre and Sidon. Mycenaean civilization collapses. Greeks decline. Phoenicians develop supremacy in the Mediterranean: seafaring, trade in wood and cloth. Phoenicians develop an alphabet that is the basis of the modern English alphabet. Etruscans arrive in Italy. Queen of Sheba (Yemen today) visits King Solomon. Period of the Assyrian Empire. Assyrians known as cruel warriors who torture prisoners and deport people from conquered nations. Greeks colonize Italy and Sicily. First Olympic games. Nineveh is capital of Assyrian Empire. Founding of Rome (753 bc) South (Judah) Rehoboam Abijam Asa* Jehoshaphat* Jehoram Ahaziah Athaliah Joash* Amaziah* Uzziah* (Azariah) Jotham* Ahaz Hezekiah* Manasseh Amon Josiah* Jehoiakim Zedekiah Saul David Solomon Divided Kingdom Prophets Joel Jonah, Amos Hosea Isaiah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Jeremiah Obadiah North (Israel) Jeroboam Nadab Baasha Elah, Omri Ahab Joram Jehu Jehoahaz Jehoash Jeroboam II Zechariah Menahem Pekah Hoshea In 722 bc Israel falls to Assyria. Isaiah, Jeremiah, other prophets warn Judah and other nations. Babylonians seize Judah (606 bc), and start carrying off inhabitants. Daniel and friends taken to Babylon. Ark of the Covenant lost. falls and Judah destroyed (586 bc). Captives taken by King Nebuchadnezzar to Babylon. Daniel in lion s den. Jeremiah taken to Egypt. First Jews return to home in 536 bc under Zerubbabel. Second Temple built. Nineveh destroyed by Babylonians. Medes. Assyria conquered. Period of the New Babylonian Empire. Babylon s Hanging Gardens is one of the wonders of the world. Babylon conquered by Medes. Persians. Edict of Cyrus, Persian king. Period of Persian Empire. Confucius in China. Buddha in India. Judah is carried off to Babylon. In 586 bc, and the Temple are destroyed. Daniel Ezekiel King Xerxes of Persia chooses Esther to be queen. Esther saves the Jews from a plot by Haman. More Jews led by Ezra, and another group led by Nehemiah, return to their homeland. Walls of rebuilt. Haggai. Zechariah. Jews under Persian rule. Intertestamental Period: 400-year period before Jesus is born. Jews remain under Persian rule. In 330 bc the land falls to Alexander the Great of Greece. Alexander dies at age 32. His empire is divided by his four generals. The Ptolomies (Greek kings of Egypt) begin their rule. Judea is possessed by the Ptolomies (Egypt). The Seleucids of Syria gain control of the region. Temple defiled by Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) of Syria who set up a statue of Zeus and sacrificed a pig on the altar. Maccabeans revolt. Feast of Lights (Hanukkah or the Feast of Dedication) celebrates the rededication of the cleansed temple. Jews win independence temporarily. Hasmoneans rule ( bc). Persian kings: Darius I, Xerxes (Ahasuerus), Artaxerxes I, Darius II. Parthenon built. Socrates. Runner carries news of Greek victory at battle of Marathon 26 miles to Athens. Origin of athletic marathon. Alexander the Great conquers Persia. Period of the Greek Kingdoms. Greek philosophers Plato, Aristotle (Alexander s teacher). Hippocratic oath written. Great wall of China built. Mayan calendar invented. First Roman gladiator games. Punic Wars (Rome vs. Carthage). General Hannibal of Carthage crosses the Alps with elephants. Syrians conquer (170 bc). Hellenization promotes a world united by Greek language and culture ( bc). Romans dominate Greece, destroy Carthage, found province of Africa. Leaders 537? Zerubbabel 458- Ezra 445- Nehemiah Haggai Zechariah Malachi *Good Kings of the Divided Kingdom (Only major kings noted here. Listed by first date of each king s or prophet s influence.) Romans conquer (63 bc). Judea is under Roman rule. Julius Caesar appoints Herod Antipater governor of Judea. Later his son Herod the Great is appointed king of the Jews by the Roman senate. Herod spends 10 years restoring the Temple. Jesus Christ born. Period of the Roman Republic and Empire. Pompey conquers. Cleopatra, last Egyptian queen, rules (51-31 bc). Julius Caesar defeats Egypt, later succeeded by Caesar Augustus (Octavian).

6 Abraham s Journeys (2200 bc 2000 bc) 6 God tells Abram to go to Canaan. Abram travels from his home in Ur in Sumer to Canaan, the Promised Land. God promises to give the land to Abram s descendants (Genesis 11:31 12:7). Haran Abram s Journey from Ur to Canaan From Ur to Haran (Genesis 11:31) From Haran to Shechem (Genesis 12:1-6) MESOPOTAMIA Euphrates River Nineveh Calah Tigris River Great (Mediterranean ) EGYPT Shechem Hebron CANAAN ARAM (SYRIA) A r a b i a n D e s e r t BABYLONIA Babylon SUMER Ur Abraham s Journeys in Canaan Campaigns of the Eastern kings against the Canaanite kings From Haran to Shechem (Genesis 12:6) Mountain between Bethel and Ai (Gen. 12:8) The Negev (Genesis 12:9) Egypt (Genesis 12:10) Mountain between Bethel and Ai (Genesis 13:3, 4) Hebron ( Genesis. 13:18) Dan (Genesis 14:14) North of Damascus (Genesis 14:15) Valley of Shaveh near (Genesis 14:17) Hebron (Genesis 18:1) Gerar (Genesis 20:1) Beer-sheba (Genesis 21:32, 33) Land of Moriah near (Genesis 22:2) Beer-sheba (Genesis 22:19) Hebron (Genesis 23:2, 19) Mediterranean (Great ) CANAAN of Galilee (Chinnereth) Hebron 6 Gerar Beer-sheba 3 12 Damascus 7 Dan Shechem 1 Bethel Ai Jordan River Dead (Salt) ARAM AMMON MOAB 8 NEGEV Sodom and Gomorrah? 4 EGYPT Kadesh-barnea EDOM

7 7 Journeys of Jacob and Joseph (2000 bc 1800 bc) Abraham and Sarah have Isaac in their old age. Isaac and Rebekah have twins, Jacob and Esau. Jacob goes to Haran, marries Leah and Rachel, has 12 sons. Jacob returns to Canaan and the Lord names Jacob Israel (Genesis 21 35) Route of Jacob Beer-sheba (Genesis 28:10) Bethel (Genesis 28:19) Haran (Genesis 29:4) Gilead (Genesis 31:23-25) Mahanaim (Genesis 32:2) Penuel (Genesis 32:31) Succoth (Genesis 33:17) Shechem (Genesis 33:18) Bethel (Genesis 35:6) Bethlehem (Genesis 35:19) Hebron (Genesis 35:27) CANAAN Bethlehem Shechem Bethel Beer-sheba ARAM GILEAD Mahanaim Hebron Penuel Succoth EDOM (SEIR) PADDAN-ARAM 3 Haran MESOPOTAMIA Jacob favors his eleventh son Joseph. Joseph s brothers sell Joseph to Ishmaelite traders on their way to Egypt from Gilead. While in Egypt Joseph interprets Pharaoh s dream and becomes a ruler in Egypt. Jacob (Israel) and his family eventually move to Egypt. Jacob s descendants live in Egypt about 400 years. They are slaves for part of that time (Genesis 37 Exodus 1) Route of Joseph Route of the Ishmaelite traders Hebron (Genesis 37:14) Shechem (Genesis 37:14-15) Dothan (Genesis 37:17) Egypt (Genesis 37:25-28) Mediterranean (Great ) CANAAN Hebron 3 ARAM GILEAD Dothan 2 Shechem 1 AMMON Beer-sheba MOAB 4 EGYPT EDOM

8 The Exodus (1446 bc 1405 bc) 8 After 400 years of slavery, Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt. They cross the Red and wander in the wilderness for 40 years. During wanderings, the Israelites receive the law of God, and worship in the Tabernacle. After 40 years of wandering, Moses dies on Mt. Nebo before the Israelites enter the promised land (Exodus Deuteronomy). GOSHEN EGYPT Sinai AMALEK MIDIAN MOAB EDOM AMMON PHILISTIA Pyramids Raamses Noph (Memphis) On The Route of the Exodus Mediterranean (Great ) Succoth? Pithom Lake Menzaleh Lake Ballah Lake Timsah WILDERNESS OF SHUR Great Bitter Lake Lake Bitter Lake Lake Sirbonis Jebel-Helal Jabel Sin Bisher Ashkelon Gaza Beersheba Gezer Bethel En-Gedi Hebron Bethlehem NEGEV Kadesh-barnea Makheloth? Red Red Gilgal Jericho Ezion-geber Mt. Nebo Sodom and Gomorrah? Amman Dead (Salt) Nile River Northern route Central route Alternate central route Southern route Alternate route from Jebel Musa Route into Promised Land for conquest about 40 years afer the Exodus Possible locations for Mt. Sinai City or Town Ancient Ruins/Sites Mountain Modern Capital Cities Marah Nuweiba Serabit el-khadim Elim WILDERNESS Hazeroth? OF SIN Jebel Serbal Dahab Rephidim? Mt. Sinai (Jebel Musa) Jabal al Lawz (alternate location Mt. Sinai)

9 9 Map of the Tabernacle The Tabernacle was a movable tent of meeting that God commanded Moses to build. (Read Exodus 25:1, 2 and 25:8, 9.) God wanted to dwell among his people, the Israelites. He wanted to have fellowship with them and be able to communicate with them (Exodus 25:22). The Tabernacle and its courtyard were constructed according to a pattern set by God, not by Moses. We study the Tabernacle to understand the steps that the Lord laid out for a sinful people to approach a holy God. The Tabernacle became a place where God dwelt with his people for 400 years: from the Exodus until the time of King Solomon, when the Temple was built. The Tabernacle was in the center of the Israelite camp. The 12 Tribes of Israel were encamped around it. The figures in the boxes refer to the number of males age 20 or over in each tribe. The total would be 603,550. The Tribe of Naphtali 53,400 The Tribe of Asher 41,500 The Tribe of Dan 62,700 The families of Merari (Numbers 3) 100 cubits (150 ft. or 46 meters) The Tribe of Ephraim 40,500 The Tribe of Manasseh 32,200 The Tribe of Benjamin 35,400 The families of Gershonites (Num. 3) 50 cubits (75 ft. or 23 meters) Holy of Holies (or Most Holy Place) with the Ark of the Covenant 10 cubits 20 cubits Veil or curtain... Holy Place with Altar of Incense, Table of Showbread, Lampstand Brass Laver Bronze Altar Entrance 20 cubits Moses, Aaron & sons (Num. 3) The Tribe of Issachar 54,400 The Tribe of Judah 74,600 The Tribe of Zebulun 57,400 The families of Kohath (Numbers 3) N 1 cubit = 1 1 /2 feet or 46 centimeters The Tribe of Gad 45,650 The Tribe of Simeon 59,300 The Tribe of Reuben 46,500 W S E

10 Now 10 CYPRUS Tripoli LEBANON Beirut SYRIA Nahariyya Akko Haifa Migdal Tiberias Golan Heights Netanya Tel Aviv Dothan Nablus Gaza Strip Ashqelon Eglon West Bank Port Said Great Crater El Mansura Suez Canal Zagazig Petra Giza Cairo Suez JORDAN Elat Aqaba SINAI PENINSULA Gulf of Suez Gulf of Aqaba SAUDI ARABIA

11 Holy Land Twelve Tribes: Then and Now (1300 bc) 11 Canaan Divided by the Twelve Tribes Reuben Simeon Zebulun Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin GOSHEN On Raamses Paphos Succoth? Pithom Great Bitter Lake Mediterranean (Great ) WILDERNESS OF SHUR CANAAN Ashkelon Gaza Joppa AMALEK Kadesh-barnea PHILISTIA Beer-sheba Sidon Bethel Gezer Bethlehem NEGEV Makheloth? PHOENICIA Chinnereth Ptolemais (Capernaum) Samaria Shechem Shiloh GESHUR Succoth? Gilgal Amman (Philadelphia) Jericho Mt. Nebo Dead (Salt) MOAB Sodom and Gomorrah? EDOM ARAM Kadesh Tyre Dan Lake Huldah Hazor of Galilee (Chinnereth) Golan Ashtoroth Mt. Carmel Cana Megiddo Nazareth Ramothgilead Jezreel Beth Shan Caesarea Jabesh-gilead Gath Hebron En-Gedi WILDERNESS OF ZIN Jordan Damascus AMMON Pyramids Noph (Memphis) WILDERNESS OF PARAN Ezion-geber Nile River EGYPT Red WILDERNESS OF SIN Marah Elim Hazeroth? Jabal al Lawz (alternate location Mt. Sinai) MIDIAN Rephidim? Mt. Sinai Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays.

12 12 Judges and Prophets of Israel After 40 years in the wilderness, Joshua conquers Canaan and divides the land between the twelve tribes of Israel. Prior to becoming a monarchy, Israel is ruled by different judges. After becoming a monarchy, Israel is guided by prophets who pronounce judgement on Israel. Major Judges 11. Othniel from Debir (Judges 3:7-11) 22. Ehud from Gilgal (Judges 3:12-30) 33. Deborah from Bethel (Judges 4:11 5:31) 44. Gideon from Ophrah (Judges 6:1 8:27) 55. Tola from Shamir (Judges 10:1-2) 66. Jair from Kamon (Judges 10:3-5) 77. Jephthah from Gilead (Judges 10:6 12:7) 88. Ibzan from Bethlehem (Judges 12:8-10) Elon from Zebulun (Judges 12:11-12) Abdon from Pirathon (Judges 12:13-15) Samson from Zorah (Judges 13:1 16:31) Major Prophets 11. Elijah from Tishbe 22. Elisha from Abel-meholah 33. Isaiah from 44. Jeremiah from Anathoth 55. Ezekiel from Mediterranean (Great ) Gaza PHILISTIA Ptolemais Mt. Carmel DAN Zorah 11 JUDAH Tyre ASHER Megiddo ZEBULUN Cana Jezreel WEST MANASSEH Shamir 5 Shechem Pirathon 10 EPHRAIM Bethel 3 NAPHTALI ISSACHAR Ophrah 4 Anathoth 4 BENJAMIN 3 5 Bethlehem Ashkelon Gath Hebron Debir Hazor Chinnereth (Capernaum) En-Gedi Beth Shan 2 1 Tishbe Abel-meholah 2 Kadesh Dan Jordan Dead (Salt) of Galilee (Chinnereth) Succoth? Gilgal Jericho Lake Huldah GAD Mt. Nebo REUBEN Kamon Damascus EAST MANASSEH 6 7 Amman ARAM Ashtoroth Ramoth-gilead AMMON Beer-sheba MOAB SIMEON NEGEV EDOM Kadesh-barnea

13 Now 13 CYPRUS Tripoli LEBANON Beirut Nahariyya Akko Haifa Migdal Tiberias SYRIA Golan Heights Gaza Strip Netanya Tel Aviv Ashqelon Eglon Dothan Nablus West Bank Port Said Great Crater El Mansura Suez Canal Zagazig Cairo Giza Suez Petra JORDAN Elat Aqaba SINAI PENINSULA Gulf of Suez Gulf of Aqaba SAUDI ARABIA

14 Canaan Divided by the Twelve Tribes Reuben Simeon Zebulun Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin Holy Land United Kingdom: Then and Now (1020 bc) 14 GOSHEN On Raamses Paphos Succoth? Pithom Great Bitter Lake Dotted Line (King Saul) Dashed Line (King David) Bold Line (King Solomon) Mediterranean (Great ) Saul s Kingdom WILDERNESS OF SHUR Solomon s Kingdom David s Kingdom Mt. Carmel Cana Megiddo Nazareth Jezreel Beth Shan CANAAN Gaza Sidon Samaria Shechem Shiloh Bethel Gezer Bethlehem PHOENICIA Jordan Dead (Salt) GESHUR Damascus ARAM Kadesh Tyre Dan Lake Huldah Hazor Ptolemais Chinnereth (Capernaum) of Galilee (Chinnereth) Golan Ashtoroth Joppa Ashkelon AMALEK Kadesh-barnea PHILISTIA Beer-sheba Gath Hebron En-Gedi NEGEV WILDERNESS OF ZIN Makheloth? Ramothgilead Jabesh-gilead Succoth? Gilgal Amman (Philadelphia) Jericho Mt. Nebo MOAB Sodom and Gomorrah? EDOM AMMON Pyramids Noph (Memphis) WILDERNESS OF PARAN Ezion-geber Nile River EGYPT Red WILDERNESS OF SIN Marah Elim Hazeroth? Jabal al Lawz (alternate location Mt. Sinai) MIDIAN Rephidim? Mt. Sinai Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays.

15 15 The of King David and King Solomon (1010 bc 930 bc) According to historical evidence, both from the Bible and other sources, the temple was built on the spot where King David made an altar to the Lord. David had purchased the land from Araunah the Jebusite, who was using the exposed bedrock as a threshing floor (2 Samuel 24:18-25). Jewish tradition claims a much older sanctity for the site, associating it with the altar of Abraham on Mount Moriah (Genesis 22:1-19). The writer of Genesis equates Moriah with the Mountain of the Lo r d. Mount Moriah, the Mountain of the Lo r d The Canaanite City of Jebus King David s (c bc) Barely 12 acres in size, Jebus, a Canaanite city, could well defend itself against attack, with walls atop steep canyons and shafts reaching an underground water source. David captured the stronghold, c.1000 bc, and made it his capital. Hinnom Valley Kidron Valley Kidron Valley Mt. of Olives King Solomon s (c. 950 bc) Solomon extended the city northward from the original site and there built his magnificent temple. His royal residence was nearby; however, its architecture and location are unknown. Hinnom Valley Hinnom Valley Temple Meters Feets Kidron Valley is shown from above and at an angle; and therefore wall shapes appear different from those on flat maps. Wall locations have been determined from limited archaeological evidence; houses are artist s concept Hugh O. Claycombe, published by Rose Publishing, Inc. May be reproduced for classroom use only, not for sale.

16 Now 16 CYPRUS Tripoli LEBANON Beirut Nahariyya Akko Haifa Migdal Tiberias SYRIA Golan Heights Gaza Strip Netanya Tel Aviv Ashqelon Eglon Dothan Nablus West Bank Port Said Great Crater El Mansura Suez Canal Zagazig Cairo Giza Suez Petra JORDAN Elat Aqaba SINAI PENINSULA Gulf of Suez Gulf of Aqaba SAUDI ARABIA

17 Canaan Divided by the Twelve Tribes Reuben Simeon Zebulun Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin Holy Land Divided Kingdom: Then and Now (900 bc) 17 GOSHEN On Raamses Paphos Succoth? Pithom Great Bitter Lake Mediterranean (Great ) ISRAEL (Northern Kingdom) JUDAH (Southern Kingdom) WILDERNESS OF SHUR Mt. Carmel Cana Megiddo Nazareth Jezreel Beth Shan CANAAN Gaza Sidon Samaria Shechem Shiloh Bethel Gezer Bethlehem PHOENICIA Jordan Dead (Salt) GESHUR Damascus ARAM Kadesh Tyre Dan Lake Huldah Hazor Ptolemais Chinnereth (Capernaum) of Galilee (Chinnereth) Golan Ashtoroth Joppa Ashkelon AMALEK Kadesh-barnea PHILISTIA Beer-sheba Gath Hebron En-Gedi NEGEV WILDERNESS OF ZIN Makheloth? Ramothgilead Jabesh-gilead Succoth? Gilgal Amman (Philadelphia) Jericho Mt. Nebo MOAB Sodom and Gomorrah? EDOM AMMON Pyramids Noph (Memphis) WILDERNESS OF PARAN Ezion-geber Nile River EGYPT Red WILDERNESS OF SIN Marah Elim Hazeroth? Jabal al Lawz (alternate location Mt. Sinai) MIDIAN Rephidim? Mt. Sinai Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays.

18 18 The Prophets of the Old Testament (870 bc 465 bc) Prophet* Prophesied Approximate Date (bc) Prophet s Place of Birth Elijah To Israel Ahab, Ahaziah, Joram Tishbe Elisha To Israel Joram, Jehu, Jehoahaz Abel Meholah Isaiah To Judah Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh Manasseh, Amon, Josiah, Jeremiah To Judah Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Anathoth Jehoiachin, Zedekiah Ezekiel Daniel To Exiles in Babylon To Exiles in Babylon Judah (?) Jeroboam II, Zechariah, Hosea To Israel Shallum, Menahem, Israel Pekahiah, Pekah, Hoshea Joel To Judah Governor Ezra 450 Amos To Israel Jeroboam II Tekoa** Obadiah Concerning Edom 590 Jonah To Nineveh Jeroboam II 781 Gath Hepher** Micah To Judah Jotham, Ahaz, Moresheth-gath** Hezekiah, Manasseh Nahum Concerning Nineveh Kings Who Ruled During Prophet s Time Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah, Babylonian Exile Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah, Babylonian Exile Zedekiah Manasseh, Amon, Josiah Elkosh** Habakkuk To Judah Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin Unknown Zephaniah To Judah Amon, Josiah Unknown Haggai To Judah Governor Zerubbabel 520 Zechariah To Judah Governor Zerubbabel Malachi To Judah Governor Zerubbabel 465 * Prophets are listed in the order they are found in the Bible. ** Exact location unknown.

19 Now 19 Antalya TURKEY ARMENIA Baku AZERBAIJAN TURKMENI- STAN LEBANON ISRAEL Tel Aviv-Yafo Tripoli Beirut Golan Heights Cairo Giza Gaza Suez Strip Canal Suez EGYPT Elat West Bank JORDAN Aleppo SYRIA IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA Mosul Tikrit Kirkuk Baghdad Basra KUWAIT Kuwait City Hamaden ( ) Tehran IRAN Antalya TURKEY ARMENIA Baku AZERBAIJAN TURKMENI- STAN LEBANON ISRAEL Cairo Giza Suez Canal Suez Tel Aviv-Yafo Gaza Strip EGYPT Tripoli Beirut Golan Heights JORDAN Elat West Bank Aleppo SYRIA IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA Mosul Tikrit Kirkuk Baghdad Basra KUWAIT Kuwait City Hamaden ( ) Tehran IRAN Antalya TURKEY ARMENIA Baku AZERBAIJAN TURKMENI- STAN LEBANON ISRAEL Tel Aviv-Yafo Cairo Giza Gaza Suez Strip Canal Suez EGYPT Tripoli Beirut Golan Heights JORDAN Elat West Bank Aleppo SYRIA IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA Mosul Tikrit Kirkuk Baghdad Basra KUWAIT Kuwait City Hamaden ( ) Tehran IRAN

20 Mediterranean (Great ) On Gulf of Suez HITTITES CYPRUS CANAAN Gaza SINAI PENIN- SULA Tarsus Ugarit Hamath Jericho Amman Bethlehem Ezion-geber Gulf of Aqaba Assyrian Empire: Then and Now (875 bc 627 bc) 20 HURRIANS Haran Mari Damascus Mt. Ararat MESOPOTAMIA Euphrates River Babylon Tower of Babel? ASSYRIA Nineveh Nimrud Tigris River Nippur Ur Susa Caspian Ecbatana MEDIA Persepolis Expansion of the Assyrian Empire from 875 bc 823 bc Kings Ashurnasirpal II (883 bc 859 bc) Shalmaneser III (858 bc 823 bc) Expansion Israel Judah Nile River ARABIAN DESERT PERSIA On Gulf of Suez Nile River On Gulf of Suez Nile River Mediterranean (Great ) HITTITES Tarsus CYPRUS CANAAN Gaza SINAI PENIN- SULA Mediterranean (Great ) HITTITES Tarsus CYPRUS CANAAN Gaza SINAI PENIN- SULA Ugarit Hamath Jericho Amman Bethlehem Ezion-geber Gulf of Aqaba HURRIANS Haran Mari Damascus Ugarit Hamath Jericho Amman Bethlehem Ezion-geber Gulf of Aqaba MESOPOTAMIA ARABIAN DESERT HURRIANS Haran Mari Damascus Mt. Ararat Euphrates River Babylon Tower of Babel? Mt. Ararat MESOPOTAMIA Euphrates River Babylon Tower of Babel? ARABIAN DESERT ASSYRIA Nineveh Nimrud Tigris River Ur ASSYRIA Nineveh Nimrud Tigris River Nippur Nippur Ur Caspian Ecbatana MEDIA Susa Persepolis PERSIA Caspian Ecbatana MEDIA Susa Persepolis PERSIA Expansion of the Assyrian Empire from bc Kings Tigleth-Pileser III (745 bc 727 bc) Shalmaneser V (727 bc 722 bc) Sargon II (722 bc 705 bc) Sennacherib (705 bc 681 bc) Existing Empire Expansion Israel Judah Expansion of the Assyrian Empire from bc Kings Esarhaddon (680 bc 669 bc) Ashurbanipal (669 bc 627 bc) Existing Empire Expansion Judah (Vassal State) Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays.

21 21 The Kingdoms and King Nebuchadnezzar The King of the Babylonian Empire, Nebuchadnezzar, had a dream about a statue with four parts. God revealed the dream and its meaning to the prophet Daniel. Daniel was a captive from Israel who served as an official in King Nebuchadnezzar s palace. The statue represented four kingdoms (the first is Babylonia). Each would eventually be replaced by an inferior kingdom. However, the fourth kingdom would be replaced by the eternal Kingdom of God (Daniel 2:5-45). 63 years later, Daniel had a vision about four great beasts (a lion with wings, a bear, a leopard with four heads, and a terrifying powerful beast with 10 horns). This vision has a similar meaning to Nebuchadnezzar s dream. In Daniel s vision God takes away the power of the beasts. The son of man, Jesus Christ, is given all authority and sets up the everlasting kingdom (Daniel 7). THE STATUE (Daniel 2) HEAD (FINE GOLD) The golden head of the statue represents the kingdom of Babylon which God gave King Nebuchadnezzar to rule. (Daniel 2:37, 38) CHEST AND ARMS (SILVER) The silver chest and arms of the statue represent the kingdoms of Media and Persia, which is the second power that would rise after Babylon falls. (Daniel 2:39, Daniel 7:5) BELLY AND THIGHS (BRONZE) The bronze belly and thighs of the statue represent the kingdom of Greece. This third kingdom would rule over the whole earth. (Daniel 2:39). DANIEL S VISION (Daniel 7) LION with Wings of an Eagle In Scripture, Nebuchadnezzar is compared to both the lion (Jeremiah 4:7; 50:44) and the eagle (Ezekiel 17:3, 11, 12). Images of lions with eagle s wings were popular in Babylonian architecture and currency. (Daniel 7:4) BEAR with Three Ribs on its Mouth The bear was raised on one side, which may illustrate the dominance of Persia over Media. The three ribs in its mouth may illustrate the three major empires Persia conquered. The bear is commanded to devour much flesh, which may be a reference to Persia s military expansion through the ancient world. (Daniel 7:5) LEOPARD with Four Wings and Four Heads The leopard represents the kingdom of Greece. The wings might illustrate the speed of Alexander the Great s conquest. The four heads might represent the division of Alexander s kingdom into four provinces after Alexander s death. (Daniel 7:6) THE KINGDOMS (Daniel 2, 7, and 8) BABYLONIA 605 bc 539 bc King Nebuchadnezzar to Belshazzar MEDO-PERSIA 539 bc 332 bc King Cyrus to King Darius III GREECE 332 bc 63 bc Alexander the Great and the Four Divisions LEGS (IRON) The fourth kingdom would be strong as iron and would break, smash and crush things. FEET (IRON AND CLAY) The fourth kingdom would be a divided kingdom, different from the others, both strong and weak. This kingdom would have a mixture of people who are not united. (Daniel 2:41-43; 7:23) STONE Cut from a Mountain In Nebuchadnezzar s dream, a stone was cut out, not by human hands, and struck the statue on its feet and broke it to pieces. Then it became a great mountain that filled the whole earth. This symbolizes Jesus Christ initiating the kingdom of God that will reign forever and will never be destroyed. (Daniel 2:34, 35, 44, 45) BEAST with Iron Teeth and Ten Horns The terrifying beast is also a reference to a major kingdom. Many scholars suggest this to be the Roman empire. The beast s ten horns are ten kings that would rise from this kingdom. After them, another king (the little horn ) would rise, speak against God, and persecute God s people. It is during the reign of this king when God would set up his everlasting kingdom. (Daniel 7:7, 8) SON OF MAN (Jesus Christ) In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed. Daniel 7:13, 14, 27 A DIVIDED KINGDOM Many scholars believe this kingdom to be Rome. Rome occupied in 63 bc and was still in power at the time of Jesus. (Luke 2:1) THE EVERLASTING KINGDOM OF GOD

22 Now 22 SAUDI ARABIA SYRIA IRAQ TURKEY EGYPT IRAN JORDAN ISRAEL KUWAIT Antalya LEBANON Tripoli Beirut Aleppo Cairo Tel Aviv-Yafo Giza Suez Canal Suez Gaza Strip Elat West Bank Golan Heights Mosul Tikrit Kirkuk AZERBAIJAN Tehran Hamaden Baghdad Basra Kuwait City Baku ARMENIA TURKMENI- STAN SAUDI ARABIA SYRIA IRAQ TURKEY EGYPT IRAN JORDAN ISRAEL KUWAIT Antalya LEBANON Tripoli Beirut Aleppo Cairo Tel Aviv-Yafo Giza Suez Canal Suez Gaza Strip Elat West Bank Golan Heights Mosul Tikrit Kirkuk AZERBAIJAN Tehran Hamaden Baghdad Basra Kuwait City Baku ARMENIA TURKMENI- STAN

23 Babylonian and Persian Empires: Then and Now (612 bc 332 bc) 23 Babylonian Kingdom Persian (Median) Kingdom Arabian Desert Babylonian Empire 612 bc 539 bc Mt. Ararat Mediterranean (Great ) On Gulf of Suez CYPRUS CANAAN Gaza SINAI PENIN- SULA Tarsus Jericho Amman Bethlehem Ezion-geber Gulf of Aqaba Ugarit Hamath Haran Mari Damascus MESOPOTAMIA Euphrates River Tigris River Babylon Tower of Babel? Nineveh Nimrud BABYLONIA Nippur SUMER Ur Susa ELAM Caspian Ecbatana MEDIA Persepolis Nile River PERSIA Persian Empire 539 bc 332 bc Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays. Mt. Ararat Tarsus Haran Caspian Mediterranean (Great ) On Gulf of Suez Nile River CANAAN Gaza SINAI PENIN- SULA Jericho Amman Bethlehem Ezion-geber Gulf of Aqaba Ugarit Hamath Mari Damascus MESOPOTAMIA Euphrates River Tigris River Babylon Tower of Babel? Nineveh Nimrud Nippur Ur Susa Ecbatana Persepolis

24 24 New Testament Time Line 10 bc-ad 1 ad Books of the New Testament (Books listed by earliest event recorded.) Matthew Luke Mark John Acts (Books below listed by approximate date written.) James Galatians 1 & 2 Thessalonians 1 & 2 Corinthians Romans Ephesians, Philemon Colossians, Philippians 1 & 2 Peter, 1 Timothy Titus, Hebrews, 2 Timothy Jude 1, 2 & 3 John Revelation New Testament Time Line Bible History World History Life of Jesus, Age Angel appears to Mary. John the Baptist born. Jesus born in Bethlehem (6-4? bc). Lk. 2 Magi from Persia or Arabia visit Jesus. Mt. 2 Angel in dream warns Joseph to leave. Joseph and Mary flee to Egypt with Jesus. Mt. 2 Herod the Great orders the death of boys age 2 and under. Mt. 2 Joseph, Mary, Jesus go to Galilee (Nazareth) after Herod dies. Three sons of Herod rule the kingdom: Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Herod Philip II. Jesus goes to for Passover. Lk. 2 Mary and Joseph find Jesus in the temple talking with the teachers, who are amazed by His understanding and answers. Lk. 2 Birth of Saul of Tarsus (Apostle Paul). Period of the Roman Empire (63 bc to ad 476). Caesar Augustus is emperor of Rome (since 27bc). Roman governor Quirinius calls for a tax census. Archelaus is banished as an unfit ruler (ad 6). Olympic games held in honor of Zeus (776 bc-ad 394). In China, the Han Dynasty rules (202 bc-ad 220) and Confucianism rises. ad 26 Jesus is about 30 years old Lk. 3 Jesus is baptized in the Jordan River Lk. 3 Forty days in the wilderness tempted Mt. 4 Jesus calls first disciples: Andrew, Peter, Philip, and Nathanael Jn. 1 First miracle: Wedding at Cana Jn. 2 Jesus is obedient to His parents. Jesus increases in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man. Lk. 2 Saul leaves Tarsus in Asia Minor (Turkey) to study with Rabbi Gamaliel in. Acts 22 Pontius Pilate made governor of Judea (ad 26). Jesus baptized by John the Baptist. Lk. 3 Jesus spends 40 days in the wilderness. Lk. 4 Jesus starts His ministry at about age 30 (ad 26). Jesus calls first disciples. Jn 1 (See highlights of Jesus ministry at far right.) Jesus tried by Caiaphas, Pilate, and Herod Antipas. Lk. 22, 23 Jesus crucified, buried, resurrected. Gives Great Commission. Ascends to heaven. Pentecost, Christian church founded. Acts 2 Stephen martyred. Philip, Peter, Dorcas minister to others. Paul s conversion (ad 34?). Acts 7 and 9 Herod Agrippa I made king of Judea (ad 37). Caesar Augustus dies (ad 14). Caesar s stepson Tiberius, who had ruled with him the previous two years, becomes emperor of Rome. In Africa, the kingdom of Kush flourishes (500 bc-ad 350). Pontius Pilate offends Jews by ordering soldiers to carry an image of Tiberius through the streets on the Day of Atonement. Tiberius dies (ad 37) and is succeeded by Caligula. Emperor Caligula makes his horse a senator. He also proclaims himself a god. ad 27 ad 28 Jesus uses whip to clear temple Jn. 2 Jesus speaks with the Samaritan woman at the well Jn. 4 Healing of the nobleman s son Jn. 4 Fishermen called to be disciples Mt. 4 Jesus heals sick, lame, demon possessed, lepers, paralytic, blind, and dumb ad After night of prayer, Jesus selects disciples to be the 12 Apostles Mt. 3, Lk. 6 Sermon on the Mount Mt. 5, Lk. 6 Jesus anointed by sinful woman Lk. 7 Jesus tells kingdom parables Mk. 4 Jesus calms the storm Mt. 8 Jesus heals Jairus s daughter Lk. 8 Jesus sends the Twelve out to preach Lk. 9 Conversion of Cornelius, a Gentile. Acts 10 Followers of Jesus first called Christians. Acts 11 Herod Agrippa I kills James by sword. Peter escapes. Angel kills Herod Agrippa I, who is eaten by worms (ad 44). Acts 12 Famine in Judea. Christians in Antioch send relief. Acts 11 Paul s first missionary trip (ad 48) with Barnabas. Acts 13 Council of (ad 50). Acts 15 Paul s second (ad 50-51) and third (ad 53-57) missionary trips. Acts 15 Priscilla and Aquila flee Rome, meet Paul in Corinth. Paul arrested, brought before the Sanhedrin, Felix, Festus, and Herod Agrippa II. Paul sent to Rome by ship. Shipwrecked on island of Malta (ad 59). Paul in prison (ad 60). Jews revolt against Rome. Paul and others write letters to encourage, warn, and instruct churches. According to tradition, Peter is crucified upside down (ad 64?) and Paul is executed (beheaded? ad 68?) in Rome. Roman general Trajan destroys and the temple (ad 70). Temple furnishings taken to Rome. Temple worship ends. Jews begin to scatter throughout the world. Jude, probably a half brother of Jesus, writes an urgent letter warning about false teachers who reject Christ s authority and the judgment they will receive. Stresses Jesus is Lord. Persecution increases. Being a Christian is a crime punishable by death under Roman law. Dead Scrolls written between 300 bc and ad 100. Found in ad John writes letter emphasizing fellowship with God, and Christ s love; second letter encourages obedience to God and not to false teachers; third letter stresses fellowship with believers. Caligula assassinated (ad 41), and is succeeded by Claudius. Acts 11 Claudius conquers Britain (ad 43). Claudius orders all Jews out of Rome. Felix made governor of Judea (ad 52). Emperor Claudius poisoned by wife; son Nero made emperor (ad 54). Nero kills his mother and his wife. Festus made governor of Judea (ad 59). Roman officials begin to persecute Christians (ad 62). Rome burns (ad 64). Nero commits suicide (ad 68). Three emperors Galba, Otho, and Vitelius in a year. Vespasian rules (ad 69-79). Construction begins on the Roman Colosseum (ad 71). Mt. Vesuvius erupts, burying and suffocating the city of Pompeii (ad 79). Vespasian s son Titus becomes emperor (ad 79-81). Masada: Jewish rebels defend fortress, commit suicide to avoid capture by Romans (ad 73). Colosseum in Rome completed and dedicated (ad 80). Domitian becomes emperor (ad 81), calls himself God. Emperor worship is official religion of the Roman empire until Emperor Constantine in ad 305. ad 29 ad 30 Herod Antipas kills John the Baptist Mt. 14 Jesus feeds the 5,000 Mt. 14 Jesus walks on the water Mk. 6 Jesus feeds the 4,000 Mk. 8 Jesus is transfigured Mk. 9 Jesus heals the man born blind Jn. 9 Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead Jn. 11 Jesus goes to Lk. 17 Jesus predicts His death, resurrection Mt. 20 Jesus heals blind Bartimaeus Mt. 20 Jesus speaks with Zacchaeus Lk. 19 Palm Sunday Mt. 21 The Last Supper Mt. 26 Jesus prays in Gethsemane Lk. 22 Jesus arrested, tried by Caiaphas, Pilate, Herod; Pilate okays Jesus death Lk Jesus dies by crucifixion, is buried Lk. 23 The resurrection of Jesus from the dead Lk. 24 Jesus followers find tomb empty Lk. 24 Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene Mk. 16 Jesus appears to followers on the road to Emmaus Lk. 24, Mk. 16 Jesus appears to the disciples Jn. 20 Jesus appears to more than Cor. 15 Jesus sends witnesses to ends of earth Acts 1 Jesus ascends to heaven Mk. 16, Lk. 24, Acts 1 John in exile on the island of Patmos in the Aegean. Rev. 1 John receives revelation from Jesus in a vision, writes it in a letter, and sends it to the seven churches Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea in Asia Minor (Turkey today). John was probably released from Patmos and allowed to go to Ephesus. John dies (ad 100?). Emperor Nerva (ad 96-98). Trajan becomes emperor (ad ). Height of Roman empire s expansion. Josephus writes Jewish Antiquities, a history of the Jews. It reports about Jesus miracles, death, and resurrection.

25 Now 25 Beirut LEBANON Qiryat Shemona GOLAN HEIGHTS Banyas SYRIA Haifa Akko Tabgha Migdal Ger gesa Tiberias Netanya Tel Aviv-Yafo Nablus (Jacob s Well) WEST BANK Ramallah JORDAN Amman ISRAEL Ashqelon GAZA STRIP EGYPT Dimona

26 Holy Land New Testament: Then and Now (ad 1 70) 26 Garden Tomb Golgotha (alternate) Pool of Bethesda Golgotha (traditional) Herod s Palace House of Caiaphas Upper Room (traditional) Antonia Fortress Court of the Gentiles Pool of Siloam Temple Court of the Gentiles JERUSALEM Kidron Valley Garden of Gethsemane Mt. of Olives (Olivet) Ptolemais (Acco) Mount Carmel Zarephath Tyre Sidon SYRIA Dan Lake Huldah Mt. of the Seleucia Beatitudes Chorazin Bethsaida Capernaum Gennesaret of Galilee Cana Magdala GALILEE Nazareth Mt.Tabor Nain Mt. Hermon Caesarea-Philippi Abilene Gadara Dion Naveh Damascus TETRARCHY OF PHILIP Mediterranean Megiddo Caesarea SAMARIA Samaria Beth Shan Sychar Shechem Jordan River DECAPOLIS Gerasa Joppa Jamnia Ashdod Ashkelon Antipatris Ephraim JUDEA Jericho Emmaus Garden of Gethsemane Golgotha Qumran Mt. of Olives Bethany Bethlehem Gedora PEREA Mt. Nebo Philadelphia Gaza IDUMEA Hebron Beersheba En-Gedi Masada Dead Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays. EGYPT miles km

27 27 Life of Jesus Jesus Birth and Youth 1. Jesus born. Lk 2 Bethlehem 2. Jesus named, circumcised. Age 8 days. Lk 2:21 Bethlehem 3. Jesus presented in the Temple. Lk 2:22 4. Wise men visit Jesus. Mt 2:1 Bethlehem 5. Joseph is warned of King Herod s plan. Takes Mary and Jesus to Egypt. Mt 2:13 Egypt 6. Joseph, Mary, and Jesus return. Jesus grows up in Nazareth. Mt. 2:23 Nazareth 7. Jesus, age 12, goes to Temple for Passover. Lk 2:4 Jesus Baptism and Early Ministry 8. Jesus baptized. Mk 1:9-11 Jordan River 9. The temptation of Jesus by Satan. Mt 4:1-11 Wilderness 10. First miracle: Wedding in Cana. Jn 2:1 Cana 11. Jesus stays in Capernaum. Jn 2:12 Capernaum 12. Passover: Cleansing the Temple. Jn 2: Nicodemus comes to Jesus at night. Jn 3:1? 14. Jesus and the woman at the well. Jn 4:4 Samaria 15. Jesus returns to Galilee. Jn 4:43 Galilee Ministry in Galilee 16. Jesus heals the nobleman s son. Jn 4:46 Capernaum 17. Jesus is rejected by the people. Lk 4:16-30 Nazareth 18. Jesus calls the fishermen. Mt 4:18 Capernaum 19. Beatitudes, preaches and heals in Galilee. Mt 4-9 Galilee 20. Jesus heals a leper. Mt 8:2 Galilee 21. Jesus heals paralytic. Mt 9:1-8 Capernaum 22. Jesus calls Matthew. Mt 9:9 of Galilee 23. Parables about fasting. Mt 9:14 of Galilee 24. Questions about the Sabbath. Jn 5:1 25. Controversies in Galilee. Mt 12:1 Galilee 26. Jesus chooses the Twelve. Mk 3:13-21 Capernaum 27. Jesus heals the centurion s servant. Mt 8:5 Capernaum 28. Jesus raises the widow s son. Lk 7:11 Nain 29. Jesus forgives sins of woman. Lk 7:36 Galilee 30. Jesus stills the storm. Mk 4:35 of Galilee 31. Jesus heals the demoniac. Mk 5:1 Gadara 32. Jesus heals Jairus s daughter. Mk 5:21 Capernaum 33. Jesus heals woman with issue of blood. Mk 5:25 Capernaum 34. Jesus heals the blind, demon-possessed. Mt 9:27 Capernaum 35. Jesus is rejected at Nazareth. Mt 13:54 Nazareth Withdrawal from Galilee 36. Jesus feeds 5000 people. Mt 14:13 Bethsaida 37. Jesus walks on water. Mt 14:22 Gennesaret 38. Jesus is rejected in the synagogue. Jn 6:22 Capernaum 39. Disciples criticized for eating with unclean hands. Mk 7:1 Capernaum 40. Jesus heals woman s daughter. Mt 15:21 Tyre/Sidon 41. Jesus feeds 4000 near of Galilee. Mt 15:39 of Galilee 42. Pharisees and Sadducees ask Jesus for a sign. Mt 15:39 (Magdala?) 43. Jesus goes to Bethsaida. Mt 16:5 Bethsaida 44. Peter s confession of Christ. Mt 16: Jesus predicts His death and resurrection. Mt 16:21 Caesarea- Philippi 46. The Transfiguration. Mt 17:1, Lk 9:28 Mt. Hermon? 47. Jesus refers to His death and resurrection. Mt 17:22 Galilee 48. Jesus pays tax. Money in fish. Mt 17:24 Capernaum 49. Jesus teaches about forgiveness. Mt 18:15 Capernaum 50. Jesus rebukes James and John. Lk 9:51 Samaria Ministry in Judea 51. Jesus celebrates the Feast of Tabernacles. Jn 7: Jesus says He is God s son. Jn 8: Jesus heals the man who was born blind. Jn 9:1 54. Parable of the Good Shepherd. Jn 10:1 55. Jesus sends out the Seventy. Lk 10:1 56. Parable of the Good Samaritan. Lk 10: Jesus visits Mary and Martha. Lk 10:38 Bethany 58. Lord s Prayer. Mt 6:9 59. Parable of the fig tree. Lk Jesus heals sick woman on Sabbath. Lk 13: Jesus at the Feast of Dedication. Jn 10:22 Ministry in Perea 62. Many believe in Jesus. Jn 10:40 Bethany 63. Jesus goes to Perea. Lk 13:22 Perea 64. Jesus teaches humility near. Lk 14:1 65. Requirements of a disciple. Lk 14: Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead. Jn 11:1 Bethany 67. Jesus heals 10 lepers near. Lk. 17: Telling of Parables. Lk 18:1-14 Perea 69. Teachings on divorce and celibacy Mt 19:3-12 Perea 70. Jesus welcomes little children. Mt 19:13 Perea 71. The rich young ruler Lk 18:18-23 Perea 72. Teachings on riches and rewards Mt 19:23-30 Perea 73. The laborers in the vineyard Mt 20:1-16 Perea 74. The third passion prediction Mt. 20:17-19 Perea 75. James and John s mother Mt 20:20-23 Perea 76. Teachings on servanthood Mk 10:35-45 Perea 77. Jesus heals blind Bartimaeus. Mt 20:29 Jericho 78. Jesus meets Zaccheus. Lk 19:1 Jericho Final Week in & Crucifixion 79. Jesus visits Martha, Mary, and Lazarus. Jn 12:1 Bethany 80. Triumphal entry into. Mk 11:1 81. Jesus clears Temple of money-changers. Mk 11: Jesus answers scribes and lawyers. Mk Jesus anointed by Mary. Mk 14:3 Bethany 84. Jesus prepares for the Passover. Mt 26: The Last Supper. Mt 26: Prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane. Jn 17:1 Gethsemane 87. Betrayal, arrest, and trial of Jesus. Jn 26: Pilate and Herod question Jesus. Mt 27, Lk Jesus crucified. Mt 27:27-56 Golgotha 90. Jesus buried in Joseph s tomb. Mt 27:57 Tomb in Garden Resurrection and Ascension 91. Resurrection. Empty tomb. Mt 28:1 Tomb in Garden 92. Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene. Jn 20:11 Tomb in Garden 93. Jesus appears to the other women. Lk 24:10 Tomb in Garden 94. Jesus appears on the road to Emmaus. Lk 24:13 Emmaus 95. Jesus appears to Peter, other disciples. Lk Jesus appears to Thomas. Jn 20: Jesus appears by the of Galilee. Jn 21:1 of Galilee 98. Jesus appears to more than 500 at one time. I Cor 15:6 99. Jesus sends witnesses to ends of the earth. Acts 1: Jesus ascends into Heaven. Acts 1:3-12 Mt. of Olives

28 The THIRD NORTH WALL (shown with dashed line) was begun by Herod Agrippa I between ad 41 and 44 to enclose the growing northern suburbs, but the work was apparently stopped. Its construction was resumed, in haste, only after the First Jewish Revolt broke out in ad 66. The SECOND NORTH WALL was built by Herod I or by earlier Hasmonean kings. Precise location is difficult to determine. This wall was put up around a market area in a valley, protecting it from raiding and looting, but was of questionable military value. At its eastern end, however, Herod built a military barracks (Antonia Fortress). The FIRST NORTH WALL, so named by Josephus, encircled the city during the Hasmonean period, 167 bc. After the revolt in 167 bc, expanded steadily in a period of independence under its own Jewish kings. Praetorium? Herod s Towers*** Jn 18:28-40; 19:1-16 Herod s Royal Palace* Lk 23:6-12 MT. ZION Upper City Psephinus Tower* at the Time of Jesus 28 Herod the Great (reigned 37 4 bc) rebuilt the temple and its surrounding walls, built a palace, a fortress, a theater and a hippodrome (stadium) for horse and chariot races. He brought the city to the zenith of its architectural beauty and Roman cultural expression. This became at the time of Jesus. Tyropoeon Street*** Present Damascus Gate*** (formerly called the Fish Gate Zec. 1:10) Bridge over valley ( Wilson s Arch )*** Xystus (Greek exercise hall)* Hasmonean Palace* Golgotha (traditional crucifixion site) Garden Tomb (alternate crucifixion site) (Gordon s Calvary) Antonia Fortress*** Hippodrome** (Race Track) Maximum city growth within walls by ad 70 BEZETHA ( New City ) Pool of Bethesda Jn 5:1-14 Sheep Gate Jn 5:2 Eastern or Golden Gate Ez 11:1 Essene Gate Upper Room (Traditional location) Mk 14:12-26 House of Caiaphas the high priest* identified here with today s Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu. Mt 26:57-75 Theater** Ashpot Gate/ Tekoa Gate Pool of Siloam*** 2 Ki 20:20; Jn 9:7 CITY OF DAVID Lower City Water Gate Neh 8 Gihon Spring*** Huldah Gates and Stairways*** Pinnacle of the Temple Western Wall of Temple Archaeological excavations have revealed a monumental stairway and the continuation of Tyropoeon Street*** that lies along the valley called Way of the Cheesemongers by Josephus. Hezekiah s Tunnel, also known as the Siloam Aqueduct-Tunnel*** was cut 1,749 ft. through solid bedrock, was 5'11" high (average) and followed an S shaped course made necessary by engineering difficulties. It was carved by Hezekiah and provided water during the siege (2 Ch 32:30). Water still flows through it to this day. * Location generally known, but style of architecture is unknown, artist s concept only, and Roman architecture is assumed. ** Location and architecture unknown, but the hippodrome and theater are referred to in written history; shown here for illustrative purposes. *** Ancient feature has remained, or appearance has been determined from evidence. Buildings, streets and roads shown here are the artist s concept unless named and located. Wall heights remain generally unknown, except for those surrounding the Temple Mount Hugh O. Claycombe, published by Rose Publishing, Inc. May be reproduced for classroom use only, not for sale.

29 29 The Tomb of Jesus According to John 19:41, Jesus was buried in a new tomb belonging to Joseph of Arimathea, a prominent man who was one of his followers. This fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 53:9 that the Messiah would be among the rich in his death. The tomb that early Christians identified as belonging to Joseph of Arimathea was destroyed by the Roman emperor Hadrian after ad 135. This drawing is based on the average measurements of sixty-one other rolling stone tombs found in the Near East, as documented by Dr. E. L. Nitowski. Tombs such as these were carved out of solid rock and could be afforded only by wealthy families, and were used for as long as 200 years. The body of the deceased was placed on the bench for preparation and later slid into a niche called a kokh. At a later time when nature transformed the body into a skeleton the bones were placed into small stone boxes called ossuaries Hugh O. Claycombe, published by Rose Publishing, Inc. May be reproduced for classroom use only, not for sale.

30 The Journeys of Peter and Philip Caesarea SAMARIA Beth Shan Samaria 1 Jordan River 4 1 Sychar Shechem Joppa 3 Antipatris Gedora PEREA Ephraim 2 Lydda JUDEA Jericho Jamnia 5 Emmaus Qumran Mediterranean Ashdod (Azotus) 3 Mt. of Olives Bethany Gaza Ashkelon 2 Hebron Bethlehem En-Gedi Dead IDUMEA Masada Beersheba Philip 1. 1 Preaches throughout Samaria (Acts 8:4-13) 2. 2 Baptizes the Ethiopian eunuch (Acts 8:26-38) 3. 3 The Holy Spirit brings him to Azotus (Acts 8:39) 4. 4 Preaches through the region (Acts 8:40) 5 Settles in Caesarea (Acts 8:40) *exact routes unknown Peter 1. 1 Investigates whether Samaritans are receiving the gospel preached by Philip (Acts 8:14-25) 2. 2 Heals Aeneas in Lydda (Acts 9:32-35) 3. 3 Raises Tabitha (Dorcas) to life in Joppa (Acts 9:36-43) 4. 4 Preaches gospel to Cornelius and others in Caesarea (Acts 10) 5. 5 Returns to (Acts 11:1-2)

31 31 List of Paul s Travels and Missionary Journeys Paul s Early Travels Acts 9-12 To Damascus to persecute Christians (Conversion) Acts 9 Stays in Damascus Acts 9 Arabia Gal. 1:17 Leaves Damascus Acts 9:25 Acts 9:26 Caesarea and Tarsus Acts 9:30, Gal. 1:21 In Antioch for a year Acts 11:26 To Judea/ for famine relief Acts 11:30 Antioch (Syria) Acts 12:25 Paul s First Journey Acts 13:1-14:28 Traveled With: Barnabas, John Mark Main Route: Cyprus and Turkey Cities/Places: 1400 miles Antioch (Syria today) Seleucia Salamis and Paphos (on Cyprus) Perga ANTIOCH of Pisidia (Turkey today) Iconium Lystra and Derbe Lystra Iconium and Antioch (Turkey) Pisidia, Pamphylia, and Perga Attalia Antioch (Syria) (via Phoenicia and Samaria) Acts 15 Paul s Third Journey Acts 18:23-21:16 Traveled With: Timothy, Luke, and Others Main Route: Turkey, Greece, Lebanon, Israel Cities/Places: 2700 miles Galatia and Phrygia EPHESUS Macedonia Greece (Achaia) Macedonia, Philippi, and Troas Assos, Mitylene; near Chios, Samos, (Trogyllium), Miletus Cos, Rhodes, Patara Tyre and Ptolemais Caesarea Paul s Journey to Rome Acts 21:17-28:31 Traveled With: Roman Guards, Luke, Others Main Route: Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, Crete, Malta, Sicily, Italy Cities/Places: 2250 miles Antipatris and Caesarea Sidon, Myra, Cnidus Fair Havens (Crete) Clauda (Cauda) Malta (Melita) Syracuse, Rhegium, Puteoli Appii Forum and Three Taverns ROME Paul s Second Journey Acts 15:36-18:22 Traveled with: Silas, Timothy, Priscilla and Aquila, Luke Main Route: Syria, Turkey, Greece, Cities/Places: 2800 miles Syria and Cilicia Derbe and Lystra (past Mysia) Troas Samothracia (Samothrace) and Neapolis Philippi in Macedonia Amphipolis and Apollonia Thessalonica Berea (Beroea) Athens (Mars Hill Areopagus ) CORINTH Cenchrea (Cenchreae) Ephesus Caesarea (in Syria) Went up to Antioch (Syria) Other Travels Before Paul s Death Cities/Places (order unknown): Macedonia 1 Tim. 1:3 Troas and Miletus 2 Tim. 4:13, 20 Crete Titus 1:5 Planned to go to Spain Rom. 15:28 Nicopolis Titus 3:12 Back to Rome 2 Tim. 1 How to Remember Paul s Journeys Paul was a PACER in a race! (A pacer takes the lead or sets an example.) P - PAUL ( I have run the race; I have kept the faith. ) A - ANTIOCH of Pisidia First Journey C - CORINTH area Second Journey E - EPHESUS area Third Journey R - ROME Fourth Journey

32 Now 32 Ankara TURKEY ASIA MINOR BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA Sarajevo Gorazde Mostar Belgrade SERBIA CROATIA MONTE- NEGRO Shkodër Tirana Kosovo ALBANIA Vlorë Thessaloniki Korinthos Sparti BULGARIA Istanbul Ilion (Troy) Bergama Ruins Iskenderun Adana Konya Ruins Mersin Antakya Ruins Antalya Kale Tripoli Nicosia LEBANON Beirut Haifa ISRAEL Tel Aviv-Yafo JORDAN Naples Port Said Reggio Calabria Skopje MACEDONIA ROMANIA Sofia Bucharest Tripoli Benghazi Izmir Iraklion LIBYA

33 Paul s Journeys: Then and Now (ad 30 68) 33 DALMATIA Black ITALY Rome Three Taverns Appii Forum Puteoli Tyrrhenian SICILY Pompeii MALTA (MELITA) Adriatic Rhegium Syracuse Ionian MACEDONIA Amphipolis Thessalonica Berea Mt. Olympus Nicopolis GREECE ACHAIA Delphi Mediterranean Corinth Cenchreae Sparta THRACE Neapolis Philippi Samothrace Apollonia Aegean Athens Assos Lesbos Mitylene Chios Samos Patmos Phoenix CRETE Fair Havens Lasea Clauda (Constantinople) Byzantium Nicaea Troas Troy MYSIA Pergamum Cos Ephesus Trogyllium Miletus Cnidus Salmone Patara RHODES ASIA PHRYGIA Thyatira Smyrna Sardis Philadelphia LYCIA BITHYNIA Myra GALATIA Antioch PISIDIA Hierapolis Laodicea Colossae Perga Attalia LYCAONIA Iconium Lystra Derbe PONTUS PAMPHYLIA CAPPADOCIA CILICIA CYPRUS Salamis Antioch Seleucia SYRIA Paphos Damascus PHOENICIA GALILEE SAMARIA Tarsus Sidon Tyre Ptolemais Caesarea Joppa Antipatris JUDEA Gaza Amman Cyrene CYRENAICA TRIPOLITANIA LIBYA Alexandria EGYPT ARABIA km miles One of the Seven Churches of Asia (Rev. 1-3) City or Town Ancient Ruins/Sites Mountain Modern Capital cities Ancient cities that exist today are underlined in red on the modern overlays.

34 34 Paul s Early Travels Paul 1 Travels from toward Damascus to arrest followers of Jesus (Acts 9:1, 2) 2 Is converted on the Damascus road (Acts 9:3-5) 3 Is brought to Damascus where he stays and preaches the Gospel (Acts 9:6-25) 4 Spends some time in Arabia, returns to Damascus (Gal. 1:17-23) 5 Goes to preach the Gospel in (Acts 9:26-28) 6 Flees the Hellenists to Caesarea and then sails for Tarsus (Acts 9:29-30) Derbe Tarsus PAMPHYLIA CILICIA Seleucia 1 Antioch 3 SYRIA Paul and Barnabas 1 Barnabas brings Paul to Antioch where he helps teach the church in Antioch (Acts 11:25, 26) 2 Brings aid for the famine in (Acts 11:27-30) 3 Return to Antioch before beginning their first missionary journey (Acts 12:24, 25) Salamis CYPRUS Damascus 3 PHOENICIA Sidon Tyre SAMARIA Caesarea Joppa Amman Gaza JUDEA Alexandria EGYPT

35 Paul s Missionary Journeys and Journey to Rome 35 Paul s First Journey: ad Assos Mitylene Chios Samos Patmos MYSIA Cos Ephesus Cnidus ASIA PHRYGIA Patara RHODES LYCIA Myra Antioch Perga LYCAONIA CILICIA Iconium PISIDIA Derbe Lystra Tarsus Seleucia PAMPHYLIA Attalia CYPRUS Salamis Antioch SYRIA CRETE Salmone Lasea Mediterranean Paphos Damascus PHOENICIA GALILEE SAMARIA Sidon Tyre Ptolemais Caesarea Antipatris Joppa JUDEA Gaza Amman Paul s Second Journey: ad (Constantinople) BITHYNIA Byzantium Nicaea Neapolis Philippi MACEDONIA Amphipolis Thessalonica Samothrace GALATIA CAPPADOCIA Berea Apollonia Troy Mt. Olympus TroasMYSIA LYCAONIA Aegean Assos ASIA GREECE Lesbos Pergamum ACHAIA Mitylene Thyatira PHRYGIA Antioch CILICIA Nicopolis Smyrna Sardis Iconium Chios PhiladelphiaPISIDIA Lystra Derbe Delphi Ephesus Hierapolis Tarsus Athens Samos TrogylliumLaodicea Corinth Miletus Colossae Perga Antioch Seleucia Cenchreae Patmos LYCIA PAMPHYLIA Attalia Cos SYRIA Sparta Myra Cnidus Patara CYPRUS Salamis RHODES Phoenix CRETE Salmone Fair Havens Lasea Clauda Mediterranean Paphos Damascus PHOENICIA Sidon Tyre GALILEE Ptolemais Caesarea SAMARIA Antipatris Amman Joppa JUDEA Gaza

36 36 Paul s Missionary Journeys and Journey to Rome Paul s Third Journey: ad (Constantinople) BITHYNIA Byzantium Nicaea Neapolis Philippi MACEDONIA Amphipolis Thessalonica Samothrace GALATIA CAPPADOCIA Berea Apollonia Troy Mt. Olympus TroasMYSIA LYCAONIA Aegean Assos ASIA GREECE Lesbos Pergamum ACHAIA Mitylene Thyatira PHRYGIA Antioch CILICIA Nicopolis Smyrna Sardis Iconium Chios PhiladelphiaPISIDIA Lystra Derbe Delphi Ephesus Hierapolis Athens Samos TrogylliumLaodicea Corinth Miletus Colossae Perga Tarsus Antioch Seleucia Cenchreae Patmos LYCIA PAMPHYLIA Attalia Cos SYRIA Sparta Myra Cnidus Patara CYPRUS Salamis RHODES Mediterranean Phoenix CRETE Salmone Fair Havens Lasea Clauda Paphos Damascus PHOENICIA Sidon Tyre GALILEE Ptolemais Caesarea SAMARIA Antipatris Amman Joppa JUDEA Gaza Paul s Journey to Rome: ad DALMATIA Black ITALY Rome Three Taverns Appii Forum Puteoli Tyrrhenian Pompeii SICILY Adriatic Rhegium Syracuse Ionian THRACE PONTUS (Constantinople) BITHYNIA Neapolis Byzantium Nicaea Philippi MACEDONIA Amphipolis Thessalonica Samothrace GALATIA CAPPADOCIA Berea Apollonia Troy Mt. Olympus TroasMYSIA LYCAONIA Aegean Assos ASIA GREECE Lesbos Pergamum ACHAIA Mitylene Thyatira PHRYGIA Antioch CILICIA Nicopolis Smyrna Sardis Iconium Chios PhiladelphiaPISIDIA Lystra Derbe Delphi Ephesus Hierapolis Athens Samos TrogylliumLaodicea Corinth Miletus Colossae Perga Tarsus Antioch Cenchreae Patmos LYCIA PAMPHYLIA Seleucia Attalia Cos SYRIA Sparta Myra Cnidus Patara CYPRUS Salamis RHODES MALTA (MELITA) Mediterranean Phoenix CRETE Salmone Fair Havens Lasea Clauda Paphos Damascus PHOENICIA Sidon Tyre GALILEE Ptolemais Caesarea SAMARIA Antipatris Amman Joppa JUDEA Gaza TRIPOLITANIA Cyrene CYRENAICA LIBYA Alexandria EGYPT ARABIA

37 Letters Written by Paul to Churches and Pastors 37 Letter Key Verse To Where Written When Written Theme Galatians 5:22, 23 Church at Galatia Antioch in Syria ad 49 Free in Christ Through Faith 1 Thessalonians 5:16-23 Church at Thessalonica Corinth ad 51 Letter to New Christians 2 Thessalonians 3:4-6 Church at Thessalonica Corinth ad 51 Persevere Until Christ Returns 1 Corinthians 13:4, 5 2 Corinthians 12:9 Romans 12:1, 2a Ephesians 2:8, 9 Church at Corinth Ephesus ad 56 Church at Corinth Macedonia ad 56 Church at Rome Corinth ad 57 Church at Ephesus Rome ad 60/61 Addresses Problems in the Church Paul s Authority Against False Teachers Salvation: Righteousness from God The Church and Body of Christ Colossians 2:9, 10 Philemon Church at Colossae Philemon, a friend at Colossae Rome ad 60/61 Christ Is Everything Rome ad 60/61 Brothers in Christ Philippians 2:14, 15 Church at Philippi Rome ad 62 Joy at All Times 1 Timothy 4:12, 13 Titus 3:4-7 2 Timothy 3:15-17 Timothy, leader of Church at Ephesus Titus, leader of Church in Crete Timothy, leader of Church at Ephesus Macedonia ad 62/63 Caring for the Church Corinth ad 63 Living in Faith Rome ad 67 Paul s Last Words

38 38 The Expansion of Christianity by ad 325 atlantic ocean ireland Dublin Nantes York BRITAIN wales London Canterbury Tours Poitiers GAUL Rouen north SEA Paris Antwerp Rheims denmark Munster Worms Geneva Zurich franks Wittenberg Resensburg Frankfurt Augsberg Trent Danzig Prague PANNONIA Budapest Warsaw Oporto Seville Valladolid Toledo Madrid spain Granada Zaragoza Valencia Bordeaux Toulose Barcelona Lyons Avignon Marseilles Milan Venice Florence Ferrara ITALY Rome Naples IONIAN SEA DACIA Philippi MACEDONIA Thessalonica Corinth ACHAIA MOESIA THRACE Roman empire AFRICA Cyrene CYRENAICA Boundary of the Roman Empire ad 325 Expansion of Christianity in the Roman Empire ad 325 EUROPE Black sea BITHYNIA ASIA MINOR Ephesus Rhodes CYPRUS Antioch SYRIA PALESTINE Alexandria EGYPT ARMENIA adriatic sea AEGEAN SEA PONTUS CAPPADOCIA MESOPOTAMIA HUNS CORSICA SARDINIA Sicily NUMIDIA Carthage Crete CILICIA SAXONS ANGLES LOMBARDS VANDALS GOTHS mediterranean sea