American Jewish Year Book

Transcription

1 American Jewish Year Book Volume 116 Series Editors Arnold Dashefsky, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA Ira M. Sheskin, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Produced under the Academic Auspices of: The Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life, University of Connecticut and The Jewish Demography Project at The Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies, University of Miami

2 More information about this series at

3 Arnold Dashefsky Ira M. Sheskin Editors American Jewish Year Book 2016 The Annual Record of North American Jewish Communities

4 Editors Arnold Dashefsky Department of Sociology and Center for Judaic Studies University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA Ira M. Sheskin Department of Geography and Jewish Demography Project, The Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies University of Miami Coral Gables, FL, USA ISSN American Jewish Year Book ISBN DOI / ISSN (electronic) ISBN (ebook) Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

5 The Publication of This Volume Was Made Possible by the Generous Support of The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Connecticut (Dean Jeremy Teitelbaum) Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life at the University of Connecticut (Jeffrey Shoulson, director) The Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies (Haim Shaked, director) and its Jewish Demography Project (Ira M. Sheskin, director) and the George Feldenkreis Program in Judaic Studies (Haim Shaked, director) College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Miami (Dean Leonidas Bachas and Senior Associate Dean Angel Kaifer) The Department of Geography at the University of Miami (Ira M. Sheskin, chair) Mandell Bill Berman and the Mandell and Madeleine Berman Foundation We acknowledge the cooperation of: Berman Jewish DataBank, a project of The Jewish Federations of North America (Mandell Berman, founding chair; Laurence Kotler-Berkowitz, director) The Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry (Steven M. Cohen, president) We acknowledge the contributions of the men and women who edited the American Jewish Year Book from 1899 to 2008: Cyrus Adler, Maurice Basseches, Herman Bernstein, Morris Fine, Herbert Friedenwald, H. G. Friedman, Lawrence Grossman, Milton Himmelfarb, Joseph Jacobs, Martha Jelenko, Julius B. Maller, Samson D. Oppenheim, Harry Schneiderman, Ruth R. Seldin, David Singer, Jacob Sloan, Maurice Spector, and Henrietta Szold v

6 Academic Advisory Committee Sidney and Alice Goldstein, Honorary Chairs Carmel Chiswick, Research Professor of Economics at George Washington University and Professor Emerita of Economics at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Steven M. Cohen, Research Professor of Jewish Social Policy at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in New York and Director of the Berman Jewish Policy Archive. Recipient of the 2010 Marshall Sklare Award. President of the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry (ASSJ). Miriam Sanua Dalin, Professor of History at Florida Atlantic University. Lynn Davidman, Robert M. Beren Distinguished Professor of Modern Jewish Studies and Professor of Sociology at University of Kansas. Sylvia Barack Fishman, Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Department, Joseph and Esther Foster Professor of Contemporary Jewish Life, and Co-director of the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute at Brandeis University. Recipient of the 2014 Marshall Sklare Award. Calvin Goldscheider, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Ungerleider Professor Emeritus of Judaic Studies, and Faculty Associate of the Population Studies and Training Center at Brown University. Recipient of the 2001 Marshall Sklare Award. Alice Goldstein, Research Associate Emerita, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University. Sidney Goldstein, G. H. Crooker University Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Brown University. Recipient of the 1992 Marshall Sklare Award. Harriet Hartman, Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at Rowan University and Editor-in-Chief of Contemporary Jewry. Samuel C. Heilman, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, Harold Proshansky Chair in Jewish Studies at the Graduate Center, and Distinguished Professor of vii

7 viii Academic Advisory Committee Sociology at Queens College of the City University of New York. Recipient of the 2003 Marshall Sklare Award. Former Editor of Contemporary Jewry. Debra R. Kaufman, Professor Emerita of Sociology and Matthews Distinguished University Professor at Northeastern University. Shaul Kelner, Associate Professor of Sociology and Jewish Studies and former Director of the Program in Jewish Studies at Vanderbilt University. Barry Kosmin, Research Professor of Public Policy & Law and Director of the Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. Senior Associate, Oxford Centre for Hebrew & Jewish Studies, University of Oxford, England. Laurence Kotler-Berkowitz, Senior Director of Research and Analysis and Director of the Berman Jewish DataBank at The Jewish Federations of North America. Deborah Dash Moore, Professor of History and former Director of the Frankel Center for Judaic Studies at the University of Michigan. Recipient of the 2006 Marshall Sklare Award. Pamela S. Nadell, Professor and the Patrick Clendenen Chair in Women s and Gender History, and Director of the Jewish Studies Program at American University. President of the Association for Jewish Studies (AJS). Bruce Phillips, Professor of Jewish Communal Service at Hebrew Union College- Jewish Institute of Religion in Los Angeles. Recipient of the 2016 Marshall Sklare Award. Riv-Ellen Prell, Professor Emerita of American Studies and Past Director of the Center for Jewish Studies at the University of Minnesota. Chair of the Academic Council of the American Jewish Historical Society. Recipient of the 2011 Marshall Sklare Award. Jonathan D. Sarna, University Professor and Joseph H. & Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History at Brandeis University and Chief Historian of the National Museum of American Jewish History. Recipient of the 2002 Marshall Sklare Award. Past president of the Association for Jewish Studies (AJS). Leonard Saxe, Klutznick Professor of Contemporary Jewish Studies at Brandeis University and Director of the Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies/Steinhardt Social Research Institute at Brandeis. Recipient of the 2012 Marshall Sklare Award. Morton Weinfeld, Professor of Sociology and Chair in Canadian Ethnic Studies at McGill University. Recipient of the 2013 Marshall Sklare Award.

8 Preface The American Jewish Year Book was a valuable resource for the Jewish community from its inception in 1899 through 2008, when it ceased publication. 1 We are grateful for the support we received to revive the Year Book starting in 2012 as we felt an obligation to preserve a contemporary record of Jewish life in North America for future generations. We can report updated figures and examples of the extent to which the Year Book is being cited in the current period of time. As of March 2016, Google found about 115,000 references to the Year Book. Google Scholar found 6,350 references to the Year Book in the scientific literature. Wikipedia had 239 references to the Year Book. For the 2012 volume, 4,152 chapters were downloaded from the Springer website; 4,909 chapters were downloaded from the 2013 volume; and 3,322 chapters were downloaded from the 2014 volume. Data for the 2015 volume were not yet available at the time of this writing. In addition the United States Jewish Population and the World Jewish Population chapters from the Year Book have been downloaded tens of thousands of times from and Demographic data from the Year Book are included in the US Statistical Abstract, The World Almanac, Wikipedia, the Jewish Virtual Library, and many other places. Older issues of the Year Book are available at Further evidence of the usefulness of the Year Book were citations in the media. It was brought to our attention that prior to the New York State presidential primary, the 2014 Year Book was cited by CNN (April 16, 2016), reporting on the size of the Empire State s Jewish population. Shortly thereafter, just a few days before 1 Wikipedia provides the following review of the publication history of the Year Book: The American Jewish Year Book (AJYB) has been published since Publication was initiated by the Jewish Publication Society (JPS). In 1908, the American Jewish Committee (AJC) assumed responsibility for compilation and editing while JPS remained the publisher. From 1950 through 1993 the two organizations were co-publishers, and from 1994 to 2008 AJC became the sole publisher. From 2012 to present, Springer has published the Year Book as an academic publication. The book is published in cooperation with the Berman Jewish DataBank and the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry. ix

9 x Preface Passover, an advertisement in the New York Times (April 21, 2016) cited the 2015 Year Book article on the world Jewish population by Sergio DellaPergola. We surmise that the reason for the frequency of citations is the quality of the articles that are included each year, and those in the current volume follow that tradition. Following the groundswell of interest in the release by the Pew Research Center in October 2013 of A Portrait of Jewish Americans, we published a forum on the Pew Survey in the 2014 Year Book (see Dashefsky and Sheskin 2015). In the current volume, we continue that model by presenting in Part I A Portrait of American Orthodox Jews: A Further Analysis of the 2013 Survey of U.S. Jews. This report is preceded by an introductory editorial comment followed by a number of academic contributions and a response by three of the investigators, Alan Cooperman, Gregory A. Smith, and Becka A. Alper. Part II begins with a lead article by Harriet Hartman on the Jewish family in Chapter 13. This chapter is followed by the four additional chapters that have become regular features of the Year Book. Chapter 14, on the international arena by Mitchell Bard, recontextualizes the previously titled chapter on national affairs that was authored by Ethan Felson, who covered that topic from 2006 to 2015 (and with Mark Silk in 2015). Chapters 15, 16, and 17 report on the Jewish populations of the United States, Canada, and the world by Ira M. Sheskin (University of Miami) and Arnold Dashefsky (University of Connecticut), Charles Shahar (the Jewish Community Foundation of Montreal), and Sergio Dellapergola (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), respectively. Frequent followers of the Year Book will note that the article on Jewish communal affairs, the long-standing contribution of Larry Grossman, who authored the article from 1988 to 2015, is absent. Larry had requested that he be relieved of that responsibility so that he could focus on other writing obligations. Based on ongoing negotiations, it is our expectation that the 2017 edition will cover a two-year time frame, going back to This coverage will include the US presidential primary season as well as the presidential election. Part III consists of four chapters (18 21) covering Jewish institutions, the Jewish press, academic resources, and transitions (which reports on major events, honorees, and obituaries). The provision of a variety of Jewish lists harkens back to the earliest volume of the Year Book. Each year the lists in Part III are checked to make certain that all contact information is current. In addition, this year we added dozens of Jewish organizations and Jewish publications to these lists that were either new or ones of which we were unaware in the past. While much of the information in Part III is available on the Internet (indeed we obtain most of it from the Internet), we believe that collating this information in one volume helps to present a full picture of the state of North American Jewry today. A part of this picture is its demographics; a part is the extensive infrastructure of the Jewish community (the organizations and the publications); and a part is the enormous contributions made by the less than two percent of the population that is Jewish to the culture and society of the United States and Canada. In addition, while, for example, a list of Jewish Federations will probably always appear on the Internet, a list current as of 2016 will not be there forever. A historian

10 Preface xi in the year 2116, wishing to examine the history of American Jewry, will have a wealth of data preserved in one volume. Indeed, preserving that history is part of the raison d etre of the Year Book. We hope that the initiatives we have undertaken over the past five years of our editorship since 2012 will both uphold the traditional quality of the Year Book and effectively reflect ever-evolving trends and concerns. We also hope that the Year Book whose existence spans three different centuries will continue indefinitely. Storrs, CT, USA Coral Gables, FL, USA Arnold Dashefsky Ira M. Sheskin Reference Dashefsky, A., and I. Sheskin (eds.) American Jewish Year Book Dordrecht: Springer.

11 Acknowledgments The Year Book volume is a product of an intense collaborative effort to present the reader with the highest quality text. This year we say a fond farewell to two longterm authors: Larry Grossman and Ethan Felson. Larry wrote the article on Jewish Communal Affairs from 1988 to 2015 and served as editor of the Year Book from 2000 to He provided us with excellent guidance in proceeding through the transition from the previous editorships, under the auspices of the American Jewish Committee, to the new international publisher, Springer. Ethan wrote the article on National Affairs from 2006 to 2015 (and was joined by Mark Silk in 2015) while he served in various capacities as vice president and general counsel at the Jewish Council for Public Affairs. More than that, he served as a personal guide, navigating us through the thicket of political issues. To both of these individuals, we all owe a debt of gratitude for their selfless service to producing the Year Book. Of course, our gratitude is extended to a successor author: Mitchell Bard took on Ethan Felson s (and Mark Silk s) National Affairs article, now focused on the International Arena. In addition, we want to thank all of the contributors to the Pew Forum on American Jewish Orthodoxy, including Pew s Alan Cooperman, Gregory A. Smith, and Becka A. Alper, along with all of the commentators: Steven Bayme, Mijal Bitton, Lynn Davidman, Adam S. Ferziger, Sylvia Barack Fishman, Samuel C. Heilman, Debra R. Kaufman, Elana Maryles Sztokman, and Chaim I. Waxman. Also, special thanks are due to Harriet Hartman for her comprehensive article on the Jewish Family, as well as to Charles Shahar for our new regular feature on the Canadian Jewish population, and to the continuing contribution of Sergio DellaPergola on the world s Jewish population. We would also like to express our appreciation to the several reviewers who provided helpful advice on the chapters in Part II, including Sylvia Barack Fishman, Randal Schnoor, and Mark Silk. For Part III, we wish to thank Ami Eden and the JTA staff ( for their assistance with the obituaries and events sections. No edited work with the variety of features contained herein can be completed successfully without the help of our outstanding support staff. We offer our heartfelt thanks to Rae Asselin and Aaron xiii

12 xiv Acknowledgments Rosman, program assistants, and Pamela J. Weathers, editorial assistant, all at the University of Connecticut s Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life, for their excellent assistance. Pam provided research and editorial support and filled in for Rae, who moved to a full-time job at UConn and to whom we wish much success. We also want to acknowledge the generous support that we have received from Jeremy Teitelbaum, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, and Jeffrey Shoulson, director of the Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life, both at the University of Connecticut, for facilitating the editorial work involved in producing this volume. Finally, we express our appreciation to Bill Berman (see in memoriam below), the founding philanthropist of the Berman Jewish DataBank and the Berman Jewish Policy Archive, for his generous financial support of the Year Book. It was our privilege to present Bill with his personal copy of the 2015 Year Book at his winter home in Sarasota, Florida, this past March. At the University of Miami, acknowledgments are due to Sarah Markowitz, Roberta Pakowitz, and Karen Tina Sheskin for their assistance with the production of the lists and other material in Part III of this volume. Chris Hanson and the University of Miami Department of Geography and Regional Studies Geographic Information Systems Laboratory assisted with the production of the maps. Tricia Hutchings of the Department of Geography assisted with the verification of much of the material in Part III. We wish to acknowledge the generous support we have received from Deans Leonidas Bachas and Angel Kaifer of the University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences and from Haim Shaked, director of the Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies. Finally, we wish to express our appreciation to our editors at Springer for their support and encouragement. Cristina Alves dos Santos, Anita van der Linden- Rachmat, Werner Hermens, and Rameshbabu Rathinam and their associates at Springer have shared our enthusiasm for the publication of the Year Book once again. We look forward to an ongoing and mutually beneficial partnership. Storrs, CT, USA Coral Gables, FL, USA Arnold Dashefsky Ira M. Sheskin IN MEMORIAM This volume of AJYB is dedicated to the memory of Mandell Bill Berman, z l, a singular supporter of social science research on American Jewry. Bill has generously supported the American Jewish Year Book, the Berman Jewish DataBank, the Berman Jewish Policy Archive@Stanford University, the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry (ASSJ) and its journal Contemporary Jewry, the Association for Jewish Studies, the Berman Foundation Dissertation Fellowships, the Berman Foundation Early Career Fellowships, the National Jewish Population Surveys, and many other projects. Bill was awarded the Berman Service Award by ASSJ, named in his honor, in 2010, for his support of social science research. May his memory be for a blessing.

13 Contents Part I Forum on the Pew Survey, A Portrait of American Orthodox Jews: A Further Analysis of the 2013 Survey of U.S. Jews 1 Orthodox Judaism in the US: Retrospect and Prospect... 3 Arnold Dashefsky and Ira M. Sheskin 2 A Portrait of American Orthodox Jews: A Further Analysis of the 2013 Survey of US Jews... 9 Pew Research Center 3 The Looming Orthodox Ascendancy: Policy Implications Steven Bayme 4 The Orthodox Paradox: Numbers, Confidence, and Anxiety Mijal Bitton 5 Jews: The Ever Dying, Ever Renewing, People Lynn Davidman 6 Pew s Statistical Narrative of Orthodox Separateness: Limitations and Alternatives Adam S. Ferziger 7 Don t Underestimate the Hybridity of America s Orthodox Jews Sylvia Barack Fishman 8 What I Learned from the Pew Report on Orthodox Jews in America Samuel C. Heilman 9 Re-imaging/Imagining Pew s Portrait of Orthodoxy Debra R. Kaufman xv

14 xvi Contents 10 Missing from the Pew Report: Attention to Gender Elana Maryles Sztokman 11 Insights and Questions from the Pew Report on America s Orthodox Jews Chaim I. Waxman 12 Response: Pew Research Center Alan Cooperman, Gregory A. Smith, and Becka A. Alper Part II Review Articles 13 The Jewish Family Harriet Hartman 14 American Jews and the International Arena (April 1, 2015 April 15, 2016): US Israel Relations in a Crisis, a Hiccup, or a Healthy Alliance? Mitchell Bard 15 United States Jewish Population, Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky 16 Canadian Jewish Population, Charles Shahar 17 World Jewish Population, Sergio DellaPergola Part III Jewish Lists 18 Jewish Institutions Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky 19 Jewish Press Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky 20 Academic Resources Arnold Dashefsky, Ira M. Sheskin, and Pamela J. Weathers 21 Transitions: Major Events, Honorees, and Obituaries Ira M. Sheskin, Arnold Dashefsky, and Pamela J. Weathers

15 Contributors Becka A. Alper Pew Research Center, Washington, DC, USA Mitchell Bard American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, Jewish Virtual Library, Chevy Chase, MD, USA Steven Bayme William Petschek Contemporary Jewish Life Department, AJC Global Jewish Advocacy, New York, NY, USA Mijal Bitton Department of Humanities and Social Sciences in the Professions and the Program in Education and Jewish Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA Alan Cooperman Pew Research Center, Washington, DC, USA Arnold Dashefsky Department of Sociology and Center for Judaic Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA Lynn Davidman Department of Sociology and Program in Jewish Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Sergio DellaPergola The Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Adam S. Ferziger The Israel and Golda Koschitzky Department of Jewish History and Contemporary Jewry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel Sylvia Barack Fishman Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA Harriet Hartman Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA Samuel C. Heilman Department of Sociology, Queens College, Queens, NY, USA The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA xvii

16 xviii Contributors Debra R. Kaufman Sociology and Anthropology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA Charles Shahar The Jewish Community Foundation of Montreal, Montreal, Canada Ira M. Sheskin Department of Geography and Jewish Demography Project, The Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Gregory A. Smith Pew Research Center, Washington, DC, USA Elana Maryles Sztokman The Center for Jewish Feminism, Modi in, Israel Chaim I. Waxman Department of Behavioral Sciences, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel Departments of Sociology and Jewish Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA Pamela J. Weathers Center for Judaic Studies and Contemporary Jewish Life, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA