THE INSTITUTIONS 2 05

Transcription

1 ISLAM AND ENGINEERING : THE INSTITUTIONS 2 05 THE FAMILY Principle of male and female co-habitation under the law. Quran 30:21 And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquility in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought. Agreement of both parties to the marriage indispensable Marriage is a contract (consent, dowry Marriage must be made public 1

2 Women owns property and disposes property Does not change her name on marriage Right to initiate divorce Stipulates conduct of marriage in contract Equal with men in religious and civil duties Islamic family not nuclear but extended Family guided by dependence( men s duty) and inheritance (compensated in halving of women s to men) Many heirs and dependents Extended family is encouraged RESPONSIBILITY OF PARENTS Responsibility of parents Provide physical care and noursihment Acculturation and socialisation into the ummah Give instructions in rituals, Islamic law and ethics Initiate into membership into the ummah Recire shahadah when born Give tthem islamic names Arrange for curcimcision of males Arrange for the learning of the five pillars of Islam Ensure for the correct reading and recitation of the Quran Prepare for a life of service to the xtended family Provide eadvice Be a good example 2

3 RESPONSIBILITY OF CHILDREN - Honour and obey parents and elders Support them in old age RESPONSIBILITY OF THE MUSLIM FAMILY Responsible individually and corporately for the ummah Prophet Muhammad (sal Allahu alaihi wa sallam) said: The similitude of believers in regard to mutual love, affection, fellow-feeling is that of one body; when any limb of it aches, the whole body aches, because of sleeplessness and fever. [Muslim] Populate the state Prepare generation to uphold the social, cultural, political and economic sy stem of the ummah, to contribute to the welfare of the citizens, Defend the ummah 3

4 THE MOSQUE, MADRASSA AND WAQF The mosque is a waqf a trust given perpetually to God and the owners must relinquish control over it. Run by a mutawalli (manager) appointed by the Qadhi or tge trustees. Mosque has muadhdhin, an imam. The mosques flourished and used for continuing education. Madrassas developed from these learning centres until it becomes universities All these institutions of learning possible through awqaf 4

5 OTHER CIVIL AND COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS Harah : habitat Centre of polity was a mosque, the madrasah, the public bath, the water supply. Then the suq, Harah administered by a leder The harah has many occassions that necessitated people engaging with one another HARAH 5

6 AL KHILAFAH : THE STATE AND WORLD ORDER Al khilafah or al imamah synonymous with state or government Al khilafah justification is carrying out shariah Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted [to Allah ] judged by it for the Jews, as did the rabbis and scholars by that with which they were entrusted of the Scripture of Allah, and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers. And the ummah that will be a witness that other prophets have delivered their message Regarded as a indspensable means of executing vicegrency on earth It is the essence of Islam to at least participate in one bay ah AL KHILAFAH: PRINCIPLES AND STRUCTURE Universalism and egalitarianism God s will applies to all humans, does not discriminate between them A world order where all people are citizens Totalism Imperatives of god relevant to every human activity, every act counts. State interferes in order to ake the adherents conform to the divine pattern Freedom Free to actualise the shariah, not forced, must be concious and deliberate Education Enjoining good and preventing evil is every one s business An imamah that guides rather than coerces 6

7 PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC STATE Pluralism Dissent must be legitimate and protected by the state.if dissent is a matter of principle or conviction it must be answered by argument. Avenues must not be blocked. Hence the creation of dhimmah. This is a constitution which permits a non-muslim to be citizen of a muslim state and order his system he lives, but aggressiona nd war are renounced. Non-mulims may chose to live their personal and communal lives under own law. Muslims live by Islamic law.but War and peaceand public morals, fall under Islamic law which decuides the total social order Rule of Law Sovereignity belongs to the law.only God legislates.interpretation of the law is the perogative of the ummah as a whole and the learned (ulama) specially. But ulama not a priesthood or a legislature. Establish credibility through scholarship Shura Executive brance runs government through shura. Institutionalised through Majlis al Shura with members best to do. Islamic permits any court to look into any case involving islamicity or any law. Islamic state has 3 functions: i. Uphold Islamic law in the daily life Ii.it must uphold the freedoma nd intergrity of non-muslims in the Islamic state Iii. It must must carry out the sacred duty of calling people to God.It must call people to God but not to coerce them 7