The City School. PAF Chapter. Senior-1 Section ISLAMIYAT Class 9. Life of Hazrat Abu Bakr. Articles of Faith. Teacher s Resource

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1 The City School PAF Chapter Senior-1 Section ISLAMIYAT 2058 Class 9 Life of Hazrat Abu Bakr Articles of Faith Teacher s Resource By: Zia ul Islam

2 Life of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) ELECTION: The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) did not nominate his successors in his lifetime Election of a new leader was the first issue after the death of the Holy Prophet Ansar gathered in a hall to discuss this issue Abu Bakr (R.A) and Umer (R.A) also went there along with eminent Muhajireen Ansar wanted a caliph from amongst them Abu Bakr told that Arabs will not agree on any Caliph other than Quraish Suggestion of two caliphs also came from Ansar but it was not accepted Then Hazrat Bashir bin Nau man stood up and said, The Holy Prophet belonged to Quraish, so they have preference over others. All Arabs would agree on them. Therefore a Caliph must be from among them. We do not want any dispute in the matter of Caliphate. We are Ansar and we would prefer to remain helpers of Allah and His Prophet (peace be upon him. A number of Ansar supported this view and there was a general satisfaction and the issue was solved. Abu Bakr R.A proposed HazratUmer and Abu Ubaida bin Jarrah but both of them refused. Hazrat Umar said, Abu Bakr is the best of all of us because Allah has mentioned him in the Holy Quran. He excelled on every occasion during the life of the Holy Prophet Abu Bakr still hesitated but Hazrat Umar and Zaid bin Sabit held his hand and took pledge of loyalty. Then people from all sides rushed to pledge loyalty to him USAMA S EXPEDITION Young Usama bin Zaid was chosen as the head of Muslim Army for the expedition to Syria few weeks before Prophet s death His father, Hazrat Zaid was martyred at the hands of Syrians in battle of Mu ta The preparation of expedition was under way when the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) fell seriously ill and passed away Thus, the departure of this army was postponed. The first task before Abu Bakr after becoming Caliph was to send out this expedition But at the same time, news came that apostates are planning to attack Madinah under the command of false prophet Companions suggested to withdraw the expedition as it was unwise at that moment Abu Bakr R.A said, that he can never alter the decision of the Holy Prophet He firmly said to companions, How can I fold up the flag which was unfurled by the Holy Prophet himself? The army left after 3 weeks in the command of Hazrat Usama and came victorious after 40 days This was the victory of Hazrat Abu Bakr s firm faith This success opened the eyes of those who thought Islam was dying after the death of the Holy Prophet Some tribes who had left, came back to the fold of Islam PROBLEMS FACED BY HAZRAT ABU BAKR (R.A) The Arab rebellion rose from all sides after the death of Holy Prophet Apostasy, hostility, refusal to pay Zakat & false prophets are few examples Hazrat Abu Bakr faced all these problems with great courage & administrative skills The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 2 of 11

3 False Prophets: Four false prophets rose from different parts of Arabia immediately after the sad demise of the Holy Prophet. They were Musailma, Tulaiha, Aswad Ansi and Sajjah. They tried to start a revolt against Hazrat Abu Bakr. Aswad Ansi, the veiled prophet rose in Yemen. He put veil on his face all the time. He was killed & his followers scattered Tulaiha was from Bani Asad. His rebellion was crushed by Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed. His army was defeated & he ran away to Syria where he accepted Islam again Sajah belonged to Banu Tamim who attempted to attack Madinah with 4000 people. On hearing the news of Islamic Army led by Khalid bin Waleed, she was frightened & joined Musailmah. Later she married him and accepted his prophethood. After her marriage, most of the people of Banu Tamim accepted Islam again Musailmah the Liar was from a tribe of Central Arabia. He openly declared his prophethood after the death of Holy Prophet. Hazrat Abu Bakr sent Hazrat Shurabeel and Ikramah to crush his rebellion. Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed joined them later. Musailmah with an army of 40,000 Bedouins fought against Muslim army of 13,000. A fierce battle led to the martyrdom of a number of prominent companions. Finally Musailmah s army was defeated and he was killed by Wahshi. About 800 Muslims were martyred including a number of memorizers of Qur an and 360 companions. Musailmah s defeat raised the standing of Muslims once again in Arabia. APOSTASY MOVEMENT: Emerged soon after Abu Bakr s succession & threatened unity & stability of the Islamic state Main cause was lack of true and firm faith Tribes converting in 9 th & 10 th A.H had taken to Islam for political reasons Apostasy became so general that it affected almost every tribe in Arabia Hazrat Abu Bakr waged a war against them Apostasy in Central Arabia was led by Musailmah Other affected areas were South and East of Bahrain, Oman, Mahra region and Yemen Hazrat Abu Bakr arranged Muslim army in 11 battalions & crushed all the forces of rebellion, disorder and apostasy with the help of them His wonderful courage and ability in crushing apostasy movement is matchless The apostasy movement which affected almost the whole of Arabia was suppressed within a year and Islam regained its status in the whole Peninsula REFUSAL TO PAY ZAKAT: Payment of Zakat is not a matter of choice. It must be paid according to terms, conditions, rules and principles of Shariah The whole tribes of rebels refused to pay Zakat in the Bait ul Maal (Public Treasury) Hazrat Abu Bakr called a meeting of his Shura (advisory council) & sought their advice Most of the companions suggested to avoid action at that particular time because of the wars against false prophets and revolts But Hazrat Abu Bakr was firm on taking strong & prompt action against them He declared, I swear by Allah, I will fight alone if others do not support me, against everybody whosoever refuses a single she goat-kid due on him in Zakat. He immediately launched a fierce campaign, calling rebels to Islam first, and fighting them who did not respond. Some of the rebel tribes submitted to Islam. Wars were waged against adamant tribes The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 3 of 11

4 Despite all dangers to his Caliphate, Abu Bakr successfully led his army against those who refused to pay Zakat EXPANSION OF ISLAMIC STATE: The Arab Peninsula was surrounded by two great empires of the that time. The Persian Empire at the Nort-Eastern side (Iraq was under the control of Persian Empire), and the Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire) on the Northern part which consisted of Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Expedition to Iraq (Persian Empire): The first battle between Muslims & Persians took place at Hafir. Persians were led be Hurmuz, a famous Persian General & Khalid bin Waleed was commanding the Muslim army In order not to run from the battlefield, Persians tied themselves to one another with chains. That s why this is known as the battle of Chains Persians were defeated and routed After the battle of Chains, Hazrat Khalid conquered Hira, a famous fort of Persians, Damat al Jandal and finally the whole of South and most of North Iraq was conquered with the conquest of Firad Expedition to Syria (Byzantine Empire): When Romans began to conspire against Muslims, Hazrat Abu Bakr decided to take strong action against them This action was necessary due to Arab trade with Syria as the border clashes made the trade route dangerous In 13 A.H, he raised a big army of 27,000 men and divided into four battalions When Byzantine emperor Heraclius heard it, he also sent four armies. Each of his armies was several times bigger than the total Muslim army. However, Muslims defeated them and captured many cities including Busra Muslims defeated Romans in Ajnadayn also which was a great shock to Byzantine Collection of the Holy Qur an: One of the greatest services rendered to Islam by Hazrt Abu Bakr was the collection of Holy Qur an A number of Huffaz companions were martyred in various battles against rebels & false prophets In the battle against Musailmah, about 70 Huffaz had died On the suggestion of Hazrat Umar, Hazrat Abu Bakr ordered for the compilation of the Holy Quran and appointed Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit R.A for this work A number of prominent companions assisted him He adopted the same order of various chapters of the Holy Qur an as was revealed to the Holy Prophet This compiled copy of Qur an was kept in the house of Ummul Mu mineen Hazrat Hafsa R.A It was proclaimed that anyone might make a copy of it or compare with it the copy one already possessed. ADMINISTRATION: o Being the chief executive of the young Islamic State, Hazrat Abu Bakr laid the foundation of a wellorganized, integrated Islamic state which worked in the light of Holy Quran, Sunnah and mutual consultation of the companions o He gave the first lesson to the whole mankind of government by the people when nobody knew about it o He always decided matters after due consultation with eminent companions. There was a special Shura (Council of Advisors) for this purpose o The membership of the Shura was based upon services rendered to Islam, closeness to Allah and His Prophet rather than colour, race, wealth or worldly powers The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 4 of 11

5 o He divided the Peninsula into various provinces for convenience of administration. Each province was controlled by a governor (Wali) o He was a strict administrator and never tolerated bad behaviour by his officers o No separate department of revenue was there. Zakat, Sadaqat and other taxes (Kharaj) and spoils (or booty) used to go to Bait ul Maal o Whatever funds came in Bait ul Maal, were immediately distributed among needy & the poor o No regular Islamic force was there. However, whenever an army departed during his time, he divided it into various battalions, each of which was put under the command of an officer, who was under the control of the commander of the whole army o He reserved a part of the revenue for purchase of arms & maintenance of forces o Special pastures were made for horses and camels used in battles o Hazrat Abu Bakr laid down the foundation of a true Islamic republic based upon democratic principles. His strong faith & trust in Allah were reflected in his administration A SAVIOUR OF ISLAM: Hazrat Abu Bakr took the office of caliphate at the most critical and crucial moment in Islamic history He gave Islam a new life after the death of the Holy Prophet He was threatened by rebellions, rise of false prophets and apostasy movements No amount of difficulty could make him negligent of Sunnah that is why he crushed all infidel powers with his unshakable faith It was in his time that the teachings of Islam crossed the Arabian borders A major part of Iraq and many important cities of Syria came under his rule. He brought unity among Muslims and in view of his great services for the cause of Islam, he is rightfully called the Saviour of Islam Islam started to blossom as the world religion during the period of his Caliphate CHARACTER: Hazrat Abu Bakr was the most distinguished figure of Islam after the Holy Prophet He was very mild and gentle but extremely firm and stern when necessary Being diligent, full of wisdom and a great statesman, he occupies a unique place in the history of Islam The most pious companion of the Holy Prophet who never spoke obscene, harsh or immodest words in any situation He was a great worshipper who feared Allah the most. It is said that Hazrat Abu Bakr used to perform Salah similar to that of the Holy Prophet He was the one who spent all of his belongings and possessions in the way of Allah The Holy Prophet gave him the glad tidings of Paradise in these words, Abu Bakr s name shall be called from all the gates of Paradise and he will be the first person of my ummah to enter into it. (Muslim) DEATH: After a fortnight s illness, Abu Bakr passed away at the age of 63 on 22 nd of Jamadi us Sani,13 A.H Before his death, he said to his daughter, Hazrat Ayesha, Do not use new cloth for my shroud. Wash the sheet in my use and wrap my corpse in it. (Tarikh ul Khulafa) His wish was acted upon. His next wish was to pay back all the money he got as salary for Caliph from Bait ul Maal (Public Treasury) by selling his garden He left behind a noble example of selfless service. He lived and worked for the sake of Islam and sought no reward. The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 5 of 11

6 H A D E E S The word Hadees is derived from the word Tahdis which means to inform. Hadees refers to Holy Prophet s sayings and his silent approval of his companions actions. There are two major classes of Hadees in order to differentiate between Divine inspiration and Prophetic sayings and to clarify the rank and degree of Hadees. They are Hadees e Qudsi and Hadees e Nabvi. The main features of Hadees e Qudsi and Hadees e Nabvi are: HADEES E QUDSI HADEES E NABVI Words & meanings both from Allah Words of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) Starts with Allah says Starts with the Holy Prophet said Few in No. Less than 1000 in total They are over 100,000 Topics: Man-God relationship, Tauhid, Hereafter They have a wide range of topics and Worship They are only Sayings They can be Sayings or Actions Components of Hadees Hadees basically comprises of two components, Sanad(chain of narrators) and Matn(text). e.g SANAD Hazrat Abu Huraira narrated from Hazrat Ali, who narrated from Hazrat Ayesha, who narrated from Hazrat Abu Bakr that the Holy Prophet said, MATN Pray as you see me praying. Classification of Hadees Collection: Books of Ahadees are classified under different names in order to show different nature, style and type of Hadees collection. Following are few types: Musnad: Musnad is derived from Sanad, which means chain of narrators or transmitters.so Musnad is the collection of all Ahadees of one narrator. This is the total work of one narrator (original narrating authority) compiled in a book form which contains Ahadees related to various topics. One Musnad collection is the combination of work of various narrators arranged in either alphabetical order, their respective merits in accepting Islam, affinity of their tribe to the Holy Prophet or their contribution in early important events of the Prophet s mission. Musnad Imam Ahmed ibn Hanbal contains more than 30,000 Ahadees narrated by 700 companions. Musannaf: This is a collection in which a comprehensive collection of Ahadees relating to beliefs, laws, piety, historical & biographical matters, manners and virtues etc are compiled in book form. All Ahadees are collected and arranged in various chapters dealing with a particular topic. Muwatta Imam Maalik and Sahih Muslim belong to this category. Jami: This collection of Hadees contains traditions relating to all eight topics which are:belief, laws & rulings, piety and asceticism, manners, Qur anic commentary, historical & biographical matters, seditions & crises, and the virtues & defects of people. Sahih Al-Bukhari and the principal book of al-tirmizi is known as Jami The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 6 of 11

7 Sunan: These are the collections which contain only Ahadees ul Ahkaam and omit material relating to other matters. Collections made by Abu Dawood and Al-Nasai belong to this category. Classification of Hadees as per Narrator (where they originate) 1. Qudsi: This is a revelation from Allah, but the words are of the Holy Prophet 2. Marfu: This is a narration from the Holy Prophet,e.g. I heard the Holy Prophet say Mauquf: This is a narration from a companion only,e.g. We were commanded to Maqtu: This is a narration from a successor. Classification of Hadees as per Reliability (authenticity) 1. Sahih: (The Authentic) This is absolutely correct Hadees which has no weakness in the chain of narrators (Sanad) and the text (Matn) 2. Hasan: (Good, Approved) This is like Sahih Ahadees but lower in status because of a slight weakness in its chain as compared to Sahih Ahadees 3. Zaeef: (The Weak) This Hadees has some problem in either its chain of narrators, e.g. weakness of memory, broken chain or the contents contradict the basic Islamic teachings 4. Mauzoo: (The Fabricated) This is a false Hadees insert which is totally made up. It has no place in the authentic collection of Hadees The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 7 of 11

8 ARTICLES OF FAITH ANGELS: Belief in angels is one of the fundamental articles of faith Angels are innocent cratures of Allah (they do not commit any sin) & are created from divine light They are obedient creatures of Allah and always glorify Him. They fear their Lord above them and do what they are commanded. (16:50) The four prominent angels are Hazrat Jibrael A.S, Hazrat Mikaeel A.S, Hazrat Israfeel A.S & Hazrat Izraeel A.S Angels are assigned various duties and responsibilities. The main qualities of the angels are purity, righteousness, truthfulness, and obedience to the will and command of Allah Some of the angels have two pairs of wings, some have three and some have four All praise be to Allah, the Originator of the Heavens and the Earth, the Appointer of angels as message-bearers who have two, three or four wings. (35:1) Angels pervade throughout the universe. They are gender-free (neither males nor females) and have no human relations (e.g. brother, sister, father or mother) Angels have no physical or material bodies. They can assume any form they like They are free from all human needs and desires such as food, drinks, sleep etc They are not Allah s daughters, nor are they objects of worship Angels have no knowledge except what Allah (S.W.T) has taught them Unlike humans, they have no free will. They can not do anything on their own They do not speak without the permission of Allah Angels do not get tired, bored or proud of anything they do There are innumerable angels, but the prominent ones and their duties are as under: JIBRAEEL A.S: He has been employed by Allah swt to convey His messages to His chosen people such as Prophets and apostles. It was Jibraeel A.S who communicated Allah s revelations to Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) MIKAEEL A.S: He is assigned the duty of looking after the affairs of the unierse such as rainfall, sustenance and air etc IZRAEEL A.S: He is called the angel of death. He takes away the souls of the dying ISRAFEEL A.S: He will blow the trumpet when the time comes for the world to end The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 8 of 11

9 REVEALED BOOKS: Belief in the diivinely revealed books is the 3 rd article of faith. These books are the source of human guidance from Alimighty Allah Allah sent many scriptures to His various Messengers over thousands of years & revealed His commandments and teachings of religion to their nations Four prominent books are Torah, Psalms, Bible and the Holy Qur an As Muslims, we believe in all the revealed books and scriptures from Hazrat Adam A.S to the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) Allah says in the Holy Qur an, But righteous is he who believes in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Scriptures. (2:17) It is Allah s greatest favour to mankind that He sent the down the books with divine guidance These books contain pure, perfect and the most useful knowledge from Allah pertaining to beliefs such as Oneness of Allah, Prophethood, Angels, Revealed Books the life Hereafter and Allah s commandments related to Worship and Morality according to the need of the time Prophets have been guiding mankind from time to time with the Books of Allah This guidance provided by Prophets is related to spiritual upliftment and physical development in order to prepare people for success in this world and the hereafter Qur an says, Certainly, we have sent our messengers with clear arguments and have sent down with them the Book, the balance of equity so that men might uphold justice. (57:25) The articles of faith remained unaltered in all divine books The scriptures mentioned in the Holy Qur an are: Scrolls (Suhuf) revealed to Hazrat Ibrahim A.S, Torah (Toraitt) revealed to Hazrat Musa A.S, Psalms (Zaboor) revealed to Hazrat Dawood A.S, Gospel/Bible (Injeel) revealed to Hazrat Isa A.S and the Holy Qur an to Mohammed (pbuh) Allah appointed Jibraeel A.S to communicate with all the messengers except Hazrat Musa A.S, with whom, Allah communicated directly Of all the divine books, only Qur an exists in its original original form, unchanged and unmixed Zaboor, Torait and Injeel do not exist in their original language and form. Even their original text is not available Qur an is still preserved without a single punctuation change because Allah Himself has taken the responsibility to protect it No doubt, We have sent down this reminder (Qur an) and indeed We are its Guardians. (15:9) The previous scriptures were meant for particular nations of a particular time The Holy Qur an is addressed to the whole human race and is valid for all times and conditions The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 9 of 11

10 SHAHADAH (Declaration of Faith) The very first requirement to become a Muslim is to pronounce Shahadah, which is the first pillar of Islam Shahadah says, I bear witness that there is no god except Allah, and I bear witness that Mohammed (pbuh)is the messenger (Rasool) of Allah. Shahadah is the keystone of Islam and is the first and foremost teaching of all the Prophets It consists of two parts. The first part contains the affirmation of the oneness of Allah which means no one except Allah is worthy of worship and obedience Obedience and worship belongs only to Allah because He, and no one else is our Lord, Creator, Nourisher, Sustainer and Dispenser of life and death Poverty and riches, sickness and health, good and eivl and all gains and losses lie solely in Allah s control Apart from Him, whatever exists in the heavens and on the earth, be they men or angels, are all His creatures and slaves Allah has no partner; no one shares His divinity and sovereignty Nobody can amend or alter His will He alone is the Supreme Being, the Glorious one, to whom all our prayers and supplications should be addressed He alone is the real Owner of the heavens and the earth, therefore, it is necessary that all His commands are strictly obeyed and faithfully carried out Against Allah s command, the commands of no one else should be heeded even if they are our parents, rulers, friends, relatives or community leaders The second part of Shahadah consists of the affirmation of the Prophethood of Mohammed (pbuh) that he is the apostle of God It means that he was raised up by Almighty Allah for the guidance of the world and whatever he taught and preached, was true and authentic All the truths that the Holy Prophet revealed to mankind are based on divine inspiration. That is why they are all true and beyond any dispute There is absolutely no excuse or slightest shadow of doubt for questioning his words The guidance the Holy Prophet gave to the world and laws that he laid down had been inspired to him by Almighty Allah Once we have accepted him as the true Prophet of Allah, it becomes obligatory on us to believe in his guidance, and to observe faithfully the Shariah he brought The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 10 of 11

11 FASTING Fasting is the third pillar of Islam and is next in importance to obligatory prayers Literal meanings of Fasting is abstinence It means to abstain from eating, drinking, smoking, marital relations and not allowing anything to enter into the stomach from the break of dawn till sunset Muslims around the world fast during the whole month of Ramzan, the 9 th in Islamic calender Fasting was made obligatory in the year 2 A.H Allah says, O believers! Fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you so that you may attain piety. (2:183) In fact, Fasting is a sign of obedience, submission and servitude to Allah rather than merely abstaining from eating and drinking Through Fasting, Muslim responds to Allah s will and controls his own desires and wishes The Holy Prophet said, Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah does not require his hunger and thirst. (Bukhari) Ramzan (fasting) helps Muslims develop the quality of endurance and self-restraint to control anger and fiery/malicious tongue Fasting awakens compassion and solidarity with poor and needy people Ramzan provides us an opportunity to reorient ourselves to Allah and the path of goodness and Godconsciousness The Holy Prophet said, Allah has made Fasting during this month obligatory upon you. During it, the gates to Paradise are opened, and the gates to hellfire are locked, and the devils are chained. There is a night in this month which is better than a thousand months. Whoever is deprived of its good, is really deprived of something great. (Al Nisai) SIGNIFICANCE: Fasting is the third pillar of Islam and is obligatory upon every adult, sane, healthy and resident Muslim & not obligatory for insane & monor children. Travellers, females in a state of exemption and sick people are temporarily relieved. They have to compensate afterwards. Fasting is the most beloved and virtuous act in the sight of Allah druing the month of Ramzan In this month, Holy Qur an was revealed to the Holy Prophet The quality of Fasting is that it creates Piety and fear of Allah. Moreover, the pardon of sins during Ramzan granted by Allah due to sincere and earnest worshipping is another big benefit The Holy Prophet said, Fasting is a shield against sins. Whoever spends the month of Ramzan in complete faith and self-rectification, his previous sins will be forgiven. (Agreed upon) Fasting strengthens one s faith in the Sovereignty of Allah & strengthens his relation with Him Fasting improves spiritual and moral condition of individuals through abstination from eating and drinking and keeping a check on their desires for the whole month In the month of Ramzan, the reward of Nafil is equal to that of Farz and for every good act, the reward is 70 times Fasting is exclusively for me and I will reward it. (Bukhari) The City School /PAF Chapter / Senior-1 Section / Sir Zia ul Islam / Islamiyat (2058) / Class 9 Page 11 of 11