Crime Against Humanity

Transcription

1 Crime Against Humanity Indict Iran's Ruling Mullahs for Massacre of 30,000 Political Prisoners List of 3,208Victims of Massacre National Council of Resistance of Iran Foreign Affairs Committee

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3 Crime Against Humanity Indict Iran's Ruling Mullahs for Massacre of 30,000 Political Prisoners List of 3,208 Victims of Massacre National Council of Resistance of Iran Foreign Affairs Committee

4 Copyright 2001 by Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN : A publication of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Correspondence address: B.P.18, Auvers-sur-Oise, France.

5 THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO more than 30,000 women and men, of all ages, of all types, of all tastes, united in a single goal; that of Iran s liberation from the clutches of fundamentalist tyranny. They perished in the massacre of 1988, when the orders came to exterminate all political prisoners. The vast majority of them were under thirty; most had been in jail for years, many since they were only thirteen or fourteen years old. As they were being led to execution dozens at a time, day after day, a short poem became popular among prisoners: Every dawn the storm comes To mow the young red roses down But this garden, where the water is blood, Will for ever be full of red roses. This book is dedicated to the countless red roses of the Iranian people s resistance against tyranny.

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7 Contents Foreword i Introduction v A call for justice I A Damning Document Excerpts from The Memoirs of Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri 19 II How Many Executions? 39 Mojahedin s statement on Montazeri s revelations III Crimes Against Humanity, Crimes Against Women 45 Statement by Women s Committee of National Council of Resistance IV Wanted for Crimes Against Humanity 49 A list of proposed indictments against 21 leaders and officials of Iranian regime V Legal Grounds 77 A review of international law and legal precedents for the establishment of an international tribunal for Iran VI Eyewitnesses Speak Out 85 A collection of reports and accounts of the massacre by some of the few survivors VII Mass Graves 95

8 Discovery of scores of secret graves where the bodies of the victims of mass executions were buried VIII A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief 115 Reports and resolutions by United Nations human rights rapporteurs, the General Assembly, the Human Rights Commission, NGOs, etc., on the massacre IX A List of Victims 133 Hitherto unpublished list of names and particulars of 3,208 victims of the massacre

9 Foreword Crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced (Judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal, 30th September and 1st October 1946, Cmd. 6964, Misc. No. 12, London: H.M.S.O 1946, p. 41) Even though the Nuremberg Tribunal more than half a century ago set a precedent, under international law, for a universalistic approach to crimes against humanity, the concept of universal jurisdiction over such crimes did not gain broad international acceptance until the world was shaken, once again, by the atrocities in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The Statute of the International Criminal Court has not yet been ratified by the sixty countries needed for the treaty to come into operation. But UN officials have indicated that with more than 130 signatures, they expect that by mid-2002 the necessary threshold will be reached. The overwhelming support for the ICC reaffirms the strong public support for international accountability and the punishment of perpetrators of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Unfortunately, the jurisdiction of the Court will not be retrospective, and some means have to be found of dealing with exceptionally serious crimes of the recent past. There has been discussion of ad hoc tribunals, and in one case, Sierra Leone, where it is estimated that tens of thousands have been killed, the United Nations is actually setting up a special court to try the leaders who ordered those crimes. i

10 Crime Against Humanity Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri says that in the first few days of the Iranian massacre in 1988, thousands were killed, and at a conservative estimate, the final death toll was in the region of 30,000. It may be politically impossible to establish a formal means of bringing the culprits to justice, but it must be said that the episode of 1988 presents an unavoidable challenge to the will and consistency of the international community in dealing with such crimes. Moreover, since that time, there has been a constant flow of evidence regarding the merciless extermination by the régime of its political opponents, from human rights NGOs, the Special Rapporteur on Iran of the UN Human Rights Commission, and thousands of individual witnesses. Now, Ayatollah Montazeri has shown that the orders for extrajudicial executions come from the very top. He reproduces in his book the text of the fatwa issued by Khomeini, ordering the deaths of political prisoners. Khomeini wrote: It is decreed that those who are in prisons throughout the country and remain steadfast in their support for the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] are waging war on God and are condemned to execution. The task of implementing the decree in Tehran is entrusted to Hojjatol-Islam Nayyeri, the religious judge, Mr. Eshraqi, the Tehran prosecutor, and a representative of the Intelligence Ministry. Even though a unanimous decision is better, the view of a majority of the three must prevail. In prisons in the provinces, the views of a majority of a trio consisting of the religious judge, the revolutionary prosecutor, and the Intelligence Ministry representative must be obeyed. It is naïve to show mercy to those who wage war on God. The decisive way in which Islam treats the enemies of God is among the unquestionable tenets of the Islamic régime... Those who are making the decisions must not hesitate, nor show any doubt or be concerned with details. They must try to be most ferocious against infidels. This fatwa was issued in July 1988, and the bloodshed continued for the next five months. In March 1989, Le Monde reported: Imam Khomeini summoned the Revolutionary Prosecutor, Hojjatol-Islam Khoeiniha, to instruct him that henceforth all Mojahedin, those in prisons or elsewhere, must be killed for waging war on God. The executions followed summary trials. The trial consisted of various means of pressuring the prisoners to repent, to change their ways and confess. Cases of young Mojahedin who were executed included some who were jailed about eight years earlier, when they were 12 to 14 years old, for taking part in public demonstrations. Edward Mortimer wrote in the Financial Times of August 17, 1988: Iran has resorted to mass executions of political prisoners, possibly intended to forestall or divert attacks on the Government by groups angry at its acceptance of UN peace terms... ii

11 Foreword The people executed were in prison long before these events. Some had been given death sentences which had been suspended, often because the people concerned had formally repented of their crimes and pledged support for the régime. Others had been given prison sentences of which they had already served the greater part, while yet others were still on trial. So the world knew generally what was going on, but the missing piece of the jigsaw was the text of Khomeini s fatwa, though, ironically, another fatwa by Mr. Khomeini issued about six months later, against Salman Rushdie in February 1989, gained much international infamy. The people who carried out the first decree murdered thousands of political prisoners after summary trials that lasted only a few minutes. Most of them, except Khomeini and his son who are dead, continue to occupy the top echelons of power in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is clear why the moderates colluded with the hardliners for the trial of those involved in the chain murders of dissidents in 1998 to be held in camera. While President Khatami has said there is nothing to hide in the case of the chain murders, almost certainly, some of the officials who were involved in the massacre of 1988 were also guilty parties in the more recent wave of killings. If those responsible for this crime against humanity go free, a terrible injustice will have been done to the victims, their families, and the survivors of the mass executions. The cause of international justice and universality of jurisdiction over crimes against humanity will have been seriously impaired. It is essential that the UN Human Rights Commission should now conduct a proper investigation of the events of 1988, with extra resources allocated to the Rapporteur on Extrajudicial Executions for the purpose. The international community should reserve the right to demand that, in order to comply with accepted norms of justice, a future Iranian government itself should bring to justice those who were responsible for this enormous crime. Eric Avebury Member of the House of Lords, Vice-chairman of the British Parliamentary Human Rights Group January 2001 iii

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13 Introduction A CALL FOR JUSTICE In December 2000, Hossein-Ali Montazeri, a 79-year-old cleric who had been for ten years the designated successor to Khomeini, the supreme ruler of the theocratic regime in Iran, published his memoirs. The book revealed shocking documents on the atrocities committed by the clerical regime, none so horrendous as the massacre of 30,000 political prisoners in 1988 on the orders of Khomeini. Montazeri s book was not the first time the world was hearing about this massacre. News of the carnage began to trickle through the iron curtain of censorship imposed by the mullahs to ensure a complete blackout on their crime. By autumn 1988, many human rights organizations and NGOs were already voicing alarm over the mass executions in Iran and urging a full international inquiry. Montazeri s book does possess a unique legal and political value, however, in that he reveals, for the first time, some key documents on the way the massacre began and was conducted. Most important among the documents is the text of Khomeini s fatwa - religious edict that in clergy-ruled Iran has the force of law - ordering the massacre of all political prisoners. Whoever at any stage continues to belong to the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] must be executed. Annihilate the enemies of Islam immediately, Khomeini decreed. v

14 Crime Against Humanity What gives added weight to the revelations is that they are being made by a man who was, at the time of the executions, the officially ordained successor to Khomeini and the second highest authority in the land. Even today, Montazeri makes it clear that he speaks from within the clerical regime, cares about its survival, and in no way condones any action to undermine or change this regime. Indeed, beyond the revelation of certain key documents and facts, Montazeri attempts to whitewash the role of the highest levels of government in the carnage. The documents and accounts in Montazeri s memoirs complement and corroborate thousands of substantive reports and official complaints by eyewitnesses and families of the victims of the massacre. They prove beyond a shadow of doubt that the most senior officials of the clerical regime took part in the implementation of the policy of exterminating political prisoners in Speaking on French television in February 1989, Hashemi Rafsanjani, the then acting commander in chief of the armed forces and Speaker of the Majlis, said that the number of political prisoners executed in the past few months was less than 1,000 (Iran Yearbook 89/90). The then President Ali Khamenei, now the regime s Supreme Leader, told a meeting at Tehran University: As regards mass executions... those in prison who had contacts with the Monafeqin, who mounted an armed incursion against the Islamic Republic, do you think we should have given these prisoners sweets for this?... They are condemned to death and we execute them. We do not joke with this (Tehran radio, December 5, 1988). The newspaper Iran News wrote about Khomeini s decree: This decree was issued at a time when President Mohammad Khatami was the Director of Ideological and Cultural Affairs of the Armed Forces' High Command. He implemented the Imam s decree in the most decisive manner, (Iran News, April 10, 2000). Another state-controlled daily, Ressalat, wrote the same day: Mr. Khatami, who was the Director of Cultural Affairs of the Armed Forces' High Command, vigorously supported the Imam's decree, (Ressalat, April 10, 2000). Abdulkarim Moussavi Ardebili, the Chief Justice at the time of the carnage, declared publicly: They must all be executed There is not going to be any more of this sentencing and appeals (Tehran radio, August 6, 1988). The Paris-based Le Monde wrote in March 1989: Imam Khomeini summoned the Revolutionary Prosecutor, Hojjatol-Islam Khoeiniha, to instruct him that henceforth all of the Mojahedin, those in prisons or anywhere else, should be executed for waging war on God. The executions followed summary trials. The trial consisted of various means of pressuring the prisoners to repent, to change their ways and confess Cases of young Mojahedin who were executed included some who were jailed about eight years ago, when 12 to 14 years old, for taking part in public vi

15 A Call for Justice demonstrations (Le Monde, March 1, 1989). The massacre that went on in Iran s prisons in the second half of 1988 undoubtedly fits into the category of crimes against humanity; crimes that are so serious as to mandate universal enforcement, jurisdiction, and responsibility. The Iranian Resistance has presented to the relevant international authorities the files on twenty-one senior leaders and officials of the Iranian regime who have acted as the principal protagonists of the massacre. It has called on the United Nations Security Council to establish a tribunal to indict and try these individuals on the basis of international law and legal precedents that range from the Nuremberg Tribunal at the end of the Second World War to the international criminal tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia, mandated by Security Council resolutions. The individuals whose indictment by an international tribunal has been requested are as follows: Name Position in 1988 Current Position Ali Khamenei President Supreme Leader Ali-Akbar Hashemi Acting Commander in Chief Head of the State Exigencies Rafsanjani of the Armed Forces, Majlis Council Speaker Mohammad Khatami Minister of Guidance, Director President of Cultural Division in Armed Forces High Command Abdulkarim Moussavi Chief Justice Marja Taqlid (religious guide) Ardebili based in Qom Mohammad Moussavi Chief Revolutionary Prosecutor Leader of Khatami s faction Khoeiniha Mohammad Mohammadi Intelligence Minister Khamenei s rep. in Hajj (Mecca Rayshahri pilgrimage) Ali Fallahian (Senior) Deputy Intelligence Member of Assembly of Experts Minister Jaafar Nayyeri Religious judge and head of Deputy President of the the revolutionary tribunals Supreme Court Mostafa Pourmohammadi Deputy Intelligence Minister Advisor for Security to Khamenei Morteza Eshraghi Tehran prosecutor Senior judicial official vii

16 Crime Against Humanity Gholam-Hossein Religious judge Prosecutor for the Special Court Mohseni Ezhei for the Clergy Mohammad Mohammadi Secretary, Council of Guardians President of the Supreme Court Gilani Ali Younessi Religious judge Intelligence Minister Ali-Akbar Mohtashami Minister of Interior Leader of Khatami s faction in Majlis Ebrahim Raissi Deputy Prosecutor for Tehran Head of State Inspectorate Office Mohammad Moghisse i Governor of Gohardasht prison Senior figure in the judiciary Seyyed Hossein Mortazavi Governor of Evin Prison Senior figure in the judiciary Ali Mobasheri Religious judge at Evin Prison Head of Tehran's Justice Department Mohammad Ismail Head of State Prisons Minister of Justice Shoushtari Organizations, senior member of death committee Ali-Akbar Velayati Foreign Minister Senior advisor to Khamenei The massacre of political prisoners in 1988 is by no means the only crime against humanity committed by these individuals and other officials of the Iranian regime. Other crimes include, inter alia, systematic torture, ethnically- and religiouslymotivated genocide, institutionalized discrimination against women and systematic rape of women and girls in prisons, persecution on political and cultural grounds, and assassination of hundreds of dissidents outside Iran. In the face of such compelling evidence on one of the most gruesome massacres since the Second World War, the United Nations and its organs have a historical and moral duty to act. If these crimes are to be left unpunished, a terrible injustice will have been perpetrated upon the victims and survivors of these crimes, along with their families. But more importantly, it would make a mockery of the exercise of universal jurisdiction over such crimes. It would raise the obvious question, for example, that would the perpetrators of crimes against humanity in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia have been brought to justice if their governments were exporting oil and offering lucrative business to the outside world? The Iranian Resistance requests the active assistance and solidarity of all those who care for justice and human rights to bring about the establishment of a United Nations-mandated international tribunal for Iran. viii

17 A Call for Justice Who is Hossein-Ali Montazeri? Memoirs of Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri is the name of a voluminous book published in December 2000 in Qom, 140 km south of Tehran, where Montazeri resides. The book has been compiled by a group of theological students of the Grand Ayatollah and personally endorsed by himself. Translated excerpts of the book that deal with some of the most shocking examples of the clerical regime s crimes against humanity appear in this book. Who is Hossein-Ali Montazeri? He was a long-time companion of Khomeini who studied and later taught theology in Qom for decades under the reign of the Shah and his father. In the 1960s, he supported Khomeini, who had been exiled to Iraq. Montazeri was imprisoned by the Shah s secret police for several years in the 60s and 70s. By 1978, when the mass protest movement against the Shah manifested itself on the streets, Montazeri became a prominent figure among the clergy who were to take the helm of the state after the overthrow of the Shah in February Montazeri was carefully groomed by Khomeini to become his successor and was officially ordained as the "designated successor to the Leader" by the Assembly of Experts. But relations between Khomeini and Montazeri began to sour after 1981 and the split finally burst into the open after the leak in March 1989of Montazeri s letters to Khomeini, in which he had sharply criticized the ruler s decree for the massacre of all political prisoners in Iran. Soon afterwards, Khomeini publicly disgraced Montazeri and removed him from his position. Montazeri s status in the mullahs hierarchy and his access to the clerical state s innermost secrets turn his revelation of some of the crimes against humanity by the mullahs regime into a potent evidence that is mostly corroborated by thousands of eyewitness accounts and other substantiated reports. ix

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19 I A Damning Document Excerpts from The Memoirs of Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri Khomeini s decree on massacre of political prisoners in Iran Q. It appears that Your Eminence wrote a letter to Imam Khomeini in connection with the execution of the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] in prisoners after the Monafeqin s offensive into the Islamic Republic, the Mersad or Eternal Light operation. What was the situation and what made it necessary to write the letter? Montazeri:...What prompted me to write the letter was that at the time (in 1988) certain people had decided to liquidate the Mojahedin and get rid of them once and for all. They received a letter from the Imam stating that all individuals from the Mojahedin who have been in prison from any time in the past must be executed if a majority of a three-man panel composed of the prosecutor, the religious judge, and an Intelligence Ministry representative in any area vote that the prisoner is holding firmly to his belief. In other words, if two out of the three members of the panel thought that prisoner X was still supporting the Mojahedin, even if he had been sentenced previously to one or two or five years or more in prison, he must be executed. The Imam s letter was undated, but it was written on a Thursday. On Saturday, a religious judge brought me a copy and was extremely distressed. I read the letter. It was very sharply written in response to the Mojahedin s operation and it was said to be in [Khomeini s son] Haj Ahmad s handwriting. As the letter was sent to all the judges in the country, it is permissible to read it for you, so you can grasp the reality of the situation as it was at that time:

20 Crime Against Humaity Doc. No. 152 Imam Khomeini s letter in connection with the execution of steadfast Monafeqin [Mojahedin] in prisons: In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, As the treacherous Monafeqin [Mojahedin] do not believe in Islam and what they say is out of deception and hypocrisy, and as their leaders have confessed that they have become renegades, and as they are waging war on God, and as they are engaging in classical warfare in the western, the northern and the southern fronts, and as they are collaborating with the Baathist Party of Iraq and spying for Saddam against our Muslim nation, and as they are tied to the World Arrogance, and in light of their cowardly blows to the Islamic Republic since its inception, it is decreed that those who are in prisons throughout the country and remain steadfast in their support for the Monafeqin [Mojahedin], are waging war on God and are condemned to execution. The task of implementing the decree in Tehran is entrusted to Hojjatol-Islam Nayyeri, the religious judge, Mr. Eshraqi, the Tehran prosecutor, and a representative of the Intelligence Ministry. Even though a unanimous decision is better, the view of a majority of the three must prevail. In prisons in the provinces, the views of a majority of a trio consisting of the religious judge, the revolutionary prosecutor, and the Intelligence Ministry representative must be obeyed. It is naive to show mercy to those who wage war on God. The decisive way in which Islam treats the enemies of God is among the unquestionable tenets of the Islamic regime. I hope that with your revolutionary rage and vengeance toward the enemies of Islam, you would achieve the satisfaction of the Almighty God. Those who are making the decisions must not hesitate, nor show any doubt or be concerned with details. They must try to be most ferocious against infidels. To have doubts about the judicial matters of revolutionary Islam is to ignore the pure blood of martyrs. Ruhollah Moussavi Khomeini 20

21 A Damning Document The preceding letter is not dated, but Haj Ahmad has written on the back of the original decree: My Pre-eminent Father, His Eminence the Imam, With greetings, [Chief Justice] Ayatollah Moussavi Ardebili has telephoned to raise three ambiguities about Your Eminence s recent decree on the Monafeqin [Mojahedin]: 1. Does the decree apply to those who have been in prison, who have already been tried and sentenced to death, but have not changed their stance and the verdict has not yet been carried out, or are those who have not yet been tried are also condemned to death? 2. Those Monafeqin [Mojahedin] prisoners who have received limited jail terms, and who have already served part of their terns, but continue to hold fast to their stance in support of the Monafeqin [Mojahedin], are they also condemned to death? 3. In reviewing the status of the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] prisoners, is it necessary to refer the cases of Monafeqin [Mojahedin] prisoners in counties that have an independent judicial organ to the provincial center, or can the county s judicial authorities act autonomously? Your son, Ahmad Underneath the letter, the Imam s reply was written: In the name of God, the Most High, In all the above cases, if the person at any stage or at any time maintains his [or her] support for the Monafeqin [Mojahedin], the sentence is execution. Annihilate the enemies of Islam immediately. As regards the cases, use whichever criterion that speeds up the implementation of the verdict. Ruhollah Moussavi Khomeini I subsequently wrote to Ayatollah Moussavi Ardebili, the then head of the Supreme Judicial Council: Were it not your judges who condemned these prisoners 21

22 Crime Against Humaity to five or ten years in jail? Were you not responsible? So how is it that you telephone Haj Ahmad and ask him should we execute them in Kashan or in Isfahan? You should have gone to the Imam and told him that if someone has been in jail for some time and has been sentenced to five years, and had no news of Monafeqin s [Mojahedin s] operation, how can we execute him? They have not committed a new crime for which we could try them. Finally, they executed 2,800 or 3,800 women and men in the country (I doubt which figure is right). Even those who were saying their prayers and fasting were summoned and would be told to recant. The prisoner would find this offensive to his personality and would refuse. Then they would say, so you are steadfast in your position, and would have him executed. One of the judicial officials in Qom came to see me and complained about the head of the Intelligence Department in Qom. He said: The man says let us kill them off as quickly as we can and get rid of them. The judicial official would complain and say: Let us at least look at the file and review the sentence, but the intelligence official would reply: The Imam has issued the verdict; all we have to do is to ascertain that the prisoner is holding fast to his views [supporting the Mojahedin]. The judicial official told me that they would ask prisoners: Are you still holding to your views? To which the prisoners would respond yes, unaware of the consequences. Then they take them immediately for execution. I finally felt that this was not the correct way of doing things and decided to write a letter to the Imam... I sat down and wrote the following letter: Doc. No. 153 Letter to the Imam in protest over the execution of prisoners who were serving their sentences in jails Date: July 31, 1988 In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, His Exalted Eminence Imam Khomeini, With greetings, I would like to apprise Your Eminence that following your recent decree for the execution of the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] who remain in prisons, the nation tolerates the execution 22

23 A Damning Document of the detainees of recent events and they apparently have no adverse consequences, but the execution of those who were already in prison has the following consequences: 1. These executions are perceived as an act of vengeance and a vendetta, considering the present state of affairs; 2. Many families, even those who are pious and revolutionary, are distressed and aggrieved by these executions, and have turned their backs to our regime; 3. Many of the prisoners who are not holding fast to their views are being treated by the officials as if they were; 4. At a time when under the attacks and pressures of Saddam and the Monafeqin [Mojahedin], we are attracting some sympathy around the world and many newspapers and personalities are defending us, it is unwise for the regime and yourself to have the propaganda turn against us; 5. While these people have been sentenced by our courts to prison terms, to execute them without any process and new activity is a complete disregard for all judicial standards and judges rulings. This will not reflect well on our regime; 6. Our judicial officials, prosecutors and intelligence officials are not perfect and there is plenty of opportunity for mistakes and unduly influenced decisions. With Your Eminence s recent decree, many people who have light charges or are innocent are executed; 7. We have not so far benefited from these killings and violence. We have only stirred more propaganda against ourselves and we have increased the appeal of the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] and the counterrevolutionaries. It is appropriate to treat them with mercy for a time so as to attract the sympathies of many of them; 8. If you insist on your decree, then at least issue an order so that the judge, the prosecutor and the intelligence official would have to reach a consensus for execution. They must particularly spare women with children. The execution of several thousand prisoners in a few days will not have positive repercussions and will not be mistake-free. Even some of our religious judges were very distressed by this. Hossein-Ali Montazeri 23

24 Crime Against Humaity Text of Montazeri s letter to Khomeini on 31 July 1988, complaining that mass execution of Mojahedin prisoners will only enhance their legitimacy and popular appeal 24

25 A Damning Document A few days later, a judge from Khuzistan by the name of Hojjatol-Islam Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi came to see me and was very distressed. He told me: Over there, they are executing them with great speed. They conjure up a majority vote out of the three-member panel. They are angry about the Monafeqin s operation, but are venting their anger on the prisoners. I conveyed what he told me in the following letter to the Imam: Doc. No. 154 The second letter to Imam Khomeini on this issue Date: August 2, 1988 In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, His Exalted Eminence Imam Khomeini, With greetings, pursuant to my letter of July 31, 1988, I write the following out of my sense of religious duty: Three days ago, a religious judge from one of the provinces, who is a trustworthy man, came to see me in Qom and was in great distress because of the way Your Eminence s decree is being implemented. He said: The intelligence chief or the prosecutor (I forget which) was trying to ascertain if a prisoner was still holding fast to his beliefs. He asked the prisoner if he was prepared to condemn the Monafeqin [Mojahedin], he said yes. He asked him: Are you willing to go to the front to fight in the war with Iraq? He said, Yes. They asked, Are you willing to walk over mines*? He said, Do you mean all the people are willing to walk over mines? Moreover, you must not have such high expectations from someone who has just changed his views. They said, It is obvious that you are still holding on to your political beliefs, and dealt with him in the same way they dealt with those who had held onto their previous political positions (and executed him). The judge told me how much he insisted that the verdict be issued by consensus, or a majority, but this was not accepted, because it is the intelligence official who has absolute control and others are under his influence. Your Eminence can see what type of persons are 25

26 Crime Against Humaity implementing your grave decree that affects the lives of thousands of prisoners. Hossein-Ali Montazeri * By walk over mines, the prosecutor was referring to the commonly used tactics by the Revoultionary Guards in the Iran-Iraq war of sending waves of boy soldiers across minefields to clear the way for the Guards advance. Hundreds of thousands of young Iranians perished in these human wave attacks. But I noticed that they were still continuing the executions. On the first of [the lunar month of] Moharram*, I summoned Mr. Nayyeri, the religious judge of Evin, Mr. Eshraqi, the prosecutor, Mr. Raissi, the deputy prosecutor, and Mr. Pourmohammadi, the Intelligence Ministry representative. I said to them: Now is the month of Moharram and at least halt the executions during this month. Mr. Nayyeri replied: We have executed 750 prisoners in Tehran and have separated 200 others as those who are sticking to their views. Once we finish off this lot, you can order as you wish... I became much dismayed and made several points and gave them a copy of the main points in the form of a memorandum: * In Moslem tradition, following ancient Arab customs, fighting and bloodshed are banned in the month of Moharram. 26

27 A Damning Document The original text of Montazeri s letter to Khomeini on 2 August

28 Crime Against Humaity Doc. No. 155 Memorandum addressed to Mr. Nayyeri, the religious judge, Mr. Eshraqi, the prosecutor, Mr. Raissi, the deputy prosecutor, and Mr. Pourmohammadi, the Intelligence Ministry representative in Evin Prison for implementation of the Imam s decree Date: August 15, 1988 In the Name of God, the Most High, 1. I have received more blows from the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] than all of you, both in prison and outside. My son was martyred by them. If it was a question of revenge, I should pursue it more than you. But I seek the expediency and interests of the revolution, Islam, the Supreme Leader, and the Islamic state. I am worried about the judgment that posterity and history will pass upon us. 2. Such massacres without trial, particularly when the victims are prisoners and those in captivity, will definitely benefit them in the long run. The world will condemn us and they will be further encouraged to wage armed struggle. It is wrong to confront ideas and ideologies with killings. 3. Look at the behavior of Prophet [Mohammad] and how he treated his enemies after the conquest of Mecca and the Battle of Hawazen. The Prophet showed mercy and amnesty and was given the title of the Mercy of both worlds by the Almighty. Look how Imam Ali treated his enemies after defeating them in the Battle of Jamal. 4. Many of these people who are holding fast to their beliefs are doing so in reaction to the way they have been treated by interrogators and prison wardens, otherwise they might have been flexible. 5. To argue that if we released these prisoners, they would rejoin the Monafeqin [Mojahedin] is not sufficient to characterize them as Mohareb (waging war on God) and of having mutinied against God. Imam Ali did not punish Ibn Moljem (his assassin), before he actually carried out the crime, even though he said before hand that he (Ibn Moljem) is my killer The beliefs of a person, per se, are not sufficient grounds to declare him as someone who is waging war on God or rebelling against 28

29 A Damning Document the Almighty. Even if it is supposed that the [Mojahedin] leaders are renegades, their supporters cannot be given the same verdict. 7. Judgment must be made in an environment free of emotions. The social environment now is not conducive to justice due to sloganeering and propaganda. We are upset with the Monafeqin s crime in the west, but are taking it out on prisoners and former prisoners. Executing people who have not carried out any new activities will cast doubt on previous judges and all previous judgments. According to which standard do you execute a prisoner whom you have previously given a lesser sentence? At present, prison visits and telephone calls have been cut off, but how will you answer the families tomorrow? 8. I, more than anybody, care about the prestige of His Eminence the Imam as the Supreme Leader. I do not know how things are being presented to him. Should we say that all that we were studying in Islamic jurisprudence about taking caution when dealing with people s blood and properties were wrong? 9. I have met with a number of just and pious judges who were dismayed and complained about the way the decree is being implemented. They said there is too much extremism and cited numerous cases of people being executed without any reason. 10. In conclusion, the People s Mojahedin are not individuals; they are an ideology, and a world outlook. They have a logic. It takes right logic to answer wrong logic. You cannot rectify wrong with killings; you only spread it. Hossein-Ali Montazeri Mr. Eslami, who was the revolutionary prosecutor in Fars province, came to see me with a file about the execution of a girl. He said: I opposed her execution, but they executed her as they outnumbered me two to one. Hojjatol-Islam Hossein-Ali Ansari, who was my representative in prisons, said: There were six or seven brothers in one prison who were pious and said we turned away from the Monafeqin, but the authorities want us to recant on television and we refuse to do so, as this is a dishonorable thing for us... The officials in the prison said this showed that they were still supporting [the Mojahedin] and executed them. They only spared one of them, who had been paralyzed [in prison]. This is how things were being carried out. 29

30 Crime Against Humaity Text of Montazeri s letter to members the death committee on 15 August 1988 in which he warned about the repercussions of summary executions of Mojahedin prisoners 30

31 A Damning Document Doc. No. 157 Text of letter sent to Imam Khomeini by the religious judge of Islamic Revolutionary Courts in Khuzistan on the manner of implementation of His Eminence s decree on the Monafeqin [Mojahedin]: In the Name of God, the Most High, His Eminence Imam Khomeini, With greetings, I would like to bring to Your Eminence s attention some points on the recent decree you issued with regard to the Monafeqin, even though I am much too humble to talk about this. But as my religious duty requires and in a bid to seek guidance, I wish to point out that the issue of whether a person is holding fast to his support for the Monafeqin is subject to different interpretations. Different viewpoints and tastes vary between the extremes and I have brought detailed cases to the attention of Haj Ahmad and refrain from repeating them. As an example, in Dezful prison, several prisoners named Taher Ranjbar, Mostafa Behzadi, Ahmad Assekh, and Mohammad Reza Ashou, were prepared to condemn the Monafeqin and even recant on radio and television or before other prisoners. But the Intelligence Ministry official asked them: Are you prepared to fight for the Islamic Republic in the war or in the cities? Some wavered and some said no. The intelligence official said they are still holding on to their positions, as they were not willing to fight for our just regime. I told the official, should we therefore say that the majority of the Iranian people who are not willing to go to the front are also supporters of the Monafeqin? He replied: These people are different from ordinary folks. The above-named prisoners were all executed, except the last one who managed to escape on the way to the execution yard. I therefore urge Your Eminence to clarify some uniform standards so that officials would not go to the extreme and commit mistakes. Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi Religious judge of Islamic Revolutionary Court in Khuzistan copy to His Eminence Grand Ayatollah Montazeri 31

32 Crime Against Humaity Execution of children Doc. No. 128 Letter to Imam Khomeini, dated September 27, 1981 The situation in the Revolutionary Courts is such that honest and sincere elements within these institutions are saying that the current situation in Evin Prison and many prisons in the provinces is very disturbing and appalling. These include arbitrary executions,... and even the execution of girls as young as thirteen years old, simply because they uttered some tough words, while they bore no arms and took part in no demonstration. The pressures (on prisoners) and practice of intolerable torture and corporal punishment are on the rise. Prisons are so overcrowded that often five prisoners must stay in a solitary cell under inhuman conditions. They are not even allowed to say their prayers... Systematic Use of Torture Doc. No. 142 Letter to Imam Khomeini, dated October 8, Do you know that crimes are being committed in the prisons of the Islamic Republic in the name of Islam the like of which was never seen in the Shah s evil regime? Do you know that a large number of prisoners have been killed under torture by their interrogators? Do you know that in Mashad prison, some 25 girls had to have their ovaries or uterus removed as a result of what had been done to them, and because there were no physicians and medical care? Do you know that in Shiraz prison, a girl who was fasting in the month of Ramadan was executed on petty charges immediately after breaking her fast? Do you know that in some prisons of the Islamic Republic young 32

33 A Damning Document girls are being raped by force? Do you know that interrogators foulmouth the girls and use disgusting words to insult them while interrogating them? Do you know that as a result of unruly torture, many prisoners have become deaf or paralyzed or afflicted with chronic diseases? And there is no one to listen to their complaints? Do you know that in some prisons, prisoners have even been banned from performing their Muslim rites? Do you know that in some prisons prisoners are not allowed to see daylight, not for one or two days, but for months on end? Do you know that even once a prisoner is tried and receives a sentence, he is beaten and abused? No doubt Your Eminence would be told that these are lies and Montazeri is naive. But let me also report to Your Eminence, if you permit me, what is happening outside prisons: Do you know that people, while traveling in buses and taxis and waiting in queues for chickens, eggs, vegetable oil and beef or waiting in queues at petrol stations, are openly cursing the officials of the Islamic Republic, including, I regret to say, yourself? Do you know that the (Shiite) clergy and clergymen are reviled by the people? Do you know that even those who come to Friday prayers are mostly disenchanted and curse the authorities? Do you know that bribery is rampant everywhere in government offices, ministries, and unfortunately in some prosecutors offices and courts? Do you know that huge embezzlements of government funds are hushed up with some bribes, a telephone call, or a recommendation, while petty thieves are prosecuted? Do you know that there have been so many robberies and thefts and plundering by persons in the uniforms of Revolutionary Guards and Komiteh agents that people feel no security for their lives and properties? Do you know that more than two million Iranians are living in exile and many women have resorted to prostitution and discredited Iran and Iranians in the eyes of foreigners? Do you know that poverty and high costs of living are putting intolerable pressures on the people? While the average income and 33

34 Crime Against Humaity salaries are the same as they were before, prices have jumped ten to twenty times higher. How can the poor live in such conditions? Do you know that contrary to what we studied in Islamic jurisprudence, in the Islamic Republic a Muslim s right to life is not respected, nor is his property... Do you know that most good judges have become disillusioned and have resigned, leaving behind corrupt or weak individuals as judges? Do you know that... everyday about a million Iranians go to doctors and pharmacies and hospitals and clinics, but the vast majority of them return unsatisfied and disenchanted? This is not because of the war, but because of mismanagement and lack of planning... Do you know that drug addiction is rampant in this country, and that executions, prisons, island concentration camps, etc., are no longer effective?... In conclusion, it is my view that the country is on a downward spiral and the majority of the people are disenchanted... For eight years, we have been ruling the country through violence, numerous executions, and inappropriate confiscation, and we have not got anywhere. Arbitrary Justice Our judges were very inexperienced. To give you an example, they brought to me a case where the judge had written this as his verdict: In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, execution. Execute who? For what reason? The judge had simply written one word without mentioning his reasons, not even the convict s name. Just the word execution and his signature were there and you could arrest and execute anyone with a verdict like this! That was our judiciary in those years: they would arrest people with great speed and then there would be immediate calls for execution. Haj Seyyed Jaafar Karimi told me that he had seen a case where a judge had given an accused six months imprisonment. The case was retried by another judge and this one sentenced him to death. This was how uncoordinated things were. Once I was in Najafabad and I was told about two persons who had 34

35 A Damning Document been sentenced to death. One was the thirteen-year-old daughter of Haj Taqi Rajai. I knew their family well; they were pious and lived in Najafabad. The other was Mr. Lessani, who had been a good friend of my son. They were said to have been influenced and recruited by the People s Mojahedin, and were sentenced to execution for this reason. I must point out here that one of the things that should have been done after the revolution s victory was to organize and guide these revolutionary forces. The People s Mojahedin identified and recruited them in an organized manner. People looked on them favorably and young people were deluded by their slogans. People who were being arrested and interrogated for belonging to the Mojahedin should have been treated in a subtle and wise way and if they had been handled correctly, it would have been possible to turn them away from the Mojahedin. They told me that these two persons had been sentenced to death. I asked what they had been charged with. They said the thirteen-yearold girl had been asked by the interrogator: Don t you believe in the Imam if you are saying these things? She said, with youthful pride: No, I don t. I once told the Imam: If someone says I like Massoud Rajavi more than the mullahs, and I don t like Mr. Khomeini, but I have nothing to do with politics and I am just minding my own business, and if we know he is telling the truth, should we jail him? The Imam replied: No, why should we? I never thought that these two persons would be executed any time soon, and said to myself that I would follow up their cases later. But they came to me the next day and said: The two of them were executed last night! I was utterly shocked. The same sort of things was going on everywhere else in the country and I was by and large informed of them... Mr. Moussavi Ardebili, the then Chief Justice, told me of the case of the son of Dr. Shariat, who had been executed. He said: This 16- year-old boy was a revolutionary and was not with the Mojahedin and other groups. He kept a diary and noted everyday the sort of things he found wrong in the government, according to his own understanding. When the judiciary discovered the diary, they executed him simply because of the notes he had written in it. Even Mr. Ardebili said he was baffled by the execution. 35

36 Crime Against Humaity Tortured Political Prisoners Become Insane Ayatollah Seyyed Jaafar Karimi was among the persons assigned by the Imam to look into prison conditions, as this issue was creating plenty of problems for us. One day Karimi came to see me and said: We went to visit Hessarak Prison (or Qezel Hessar), near Mardabad. We saw a door that was covered with a black blanket and a rug. Inside, it was so dark you could not tell the day from the night. About ten prisoners were being held in that room. We came across a girl, one of the prisoners, who was eating her own feces. She had been so much tortured and harassed that she had become deranged. But they were still keeping her in jail. [The girl was among a group of 200 to 300 girls who had been arrested essentially for having read the Mojahedin s statements and some of them had become mentally disturbed while in prison. ] Atrocities in Prisons Across the Country Doc. No. 97 Report submitted to Imam Khomeini by a member of the delegation appointed by Grand Ayatollah Montazeri on prison conditions In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful, His Exalted Eminence, the Great Commander of the Faithful and the Imam of the Ummah, Grand Ayatollah Imam Khomeini, With greetings, My humble self, in the company of several personalities trusted by the Grand Ayatollah Montazeri, the exalted Deputy Leader, have visited the prisons and detention centers of the 36

37 A Damning Document cities of Yazd, Shahr-e Babak, Sirjan, Bandar-Abbas, Jiroft and Birjand. The visit was carried out in accordance with instructions given by Grand Ayatollah Montazeri in order to witness the treatment accorded to prisoners by the honorable officials and the prisoners food and other issues, and also listen to the prisoners. We presented a brief report on our visit to Grand Ayatollah Montazeri and His Eminence wished that the report be brought to Your Eminence s attention, even if Your Eminence are already aware of the situation. We emphasize that the prisoners were warned that they must not commit another crime by telling lies about the honorable officials, as this would necessitate further physical punishment for the prisoners. We saw a number of Iranian and non-iranian prisoners whose hair had been pulled out, their arms and legs broken, their toes and fingers smashed, their teeth broken. They had scars on their bodies. A woman from Mashad said that she had been arrested during the month of Ramadan while she was pregnant and had been beaten so much that she miscarried her child. Prisoners claimed that two of them had been beaten to death. Even non-political prisoners in Bandar-Abbas, Sirjan and elsewhere said that the scars on their bodies were caused by flogging with electric cables, kicking, burning the skin with lighters, being dragged by a car, being burnt with kerosene and petrol, etc. One prisoner said his genitals had been burnt with a piece of wood soaked in gasoil. Some claimed that they had medical certificates to prove their claims and some gave their names and particulars for follow-up of their cases. Mahmoud Mohammadi Yazdi 37

38

39 II How Many Executions? Mojahedin s statement on Montazeri s revelations The following are excerpts from a statement by the People s Mojahedin Organization of Iran, issued on December 17, 2000, on the dimensions of the massacre of political prisoners: 1. It is regrettable that Mr. Montazeri, as the second highest authority in the country at the time of the massacre of political prisoners in 1988, fails to reveal in his recent book the real number of executed political prisoners in that carnage, nor does he mention the duration of the massacre. He does not say, for example, how many political prisoners were jailed from 1981 to 1988, while his representatives were present in the prisons during that period and Mr. Montazeri is undoubtedly aware of the figures. He does not say how many political prisoners there were prior to the massacre, and how many survived. How were the killings carried out? And for how long? Where were the bodies buried? And how many people were executed by the time the carnage came to a halt? 2. The first reference that Mr. Montazeri makes to the number of executed prisoners covers only the first days of the massacre, when he wrote: Finally, they executed 2,800 or 3,800 women and men in the country (I doubt which figure is right)... I felt that this was not the correct way of doing things and decided to write a letter to the Imam.

40 Crime Against Humaity Mr. Montazeri then proceeds to describe the first letter he wrote to Khomeini on this issue, dated July 31, In this letter, Montazeri mentions the massacre of political prisoners and writes in the last paragraph: The execution of several thousand prisoners in a few days will not have positive repercussions and will not be mistake-free. While Montazeri clearly states that by July 31, in the first days of the massacre, the number of mass executions reached 2,800 or 3,800 or, as he wrote in his letter, several thousand prisoners, he does not mention any figure for the number of executions at the end of the massacre and repeats the figures of 2,800 or 3,800. It is also clear from the contents of his first letter to Khomeini that by July 31, he was still unaware of the mass executions in the provinces and the figures he gives refer only to Tehran. 3. Mr. Montazeri also wrote in his memoirs: A few days later, a judge from Khuzistan by the name of Hojjatol-Islam Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi came to see me and was very distressed. He told me: Over there, they are executing them with great speed. They conjure up a majority vote out of the three-member panel. They are angry about the Monafeqin s operation, but are venting our anger on the prisoners. Mr. Montazeri says that following this meeting, he wrote a second letter to Khomeini, dated August 2, 1988, in which he protested against the procedures. 4. Mr. Montazeri notes that after writing the second letter to Khomeini, I noticed that they were still continuing the executions. On the first of Moharram, I summoned Mr. Nayyeri, the religious judge of Evin, and Mr. Eshraqi, the prosecutor, and Mr. Raissi, the deputy prosecutor, and Mr. Pour-Mohammadi, the Intelligence Ministry representative. I said to them: Now is the month of Moharram and at least halt the executions during this month. The first day of the month of Moharram coincided with August 13, Mr. Montazeri thus makes it clear that mass executions were going on with the same intensity up to that point. 5. Mr. Montazeri writes in the following section: Later, they obtained a letter from the Imam for non-religious prisoners. At the time, there were about 500 nonreligious and atheist prisoners. The aim was to liquidate these prisoners, as well, and get rid of them. Several weeks separate Montazeri s August 14 letter and the new fatwa by Khomeini which concerned the execution of non-mojahedin prisoners. Investigations by the Mojahedin at the time showed that Khomeini s second fatwa (which dealt with non-mojahedin prisoners), was issued on September 6 or thereabouts. In other words, by the time this new fatwa was issued, mass execution of Mojahedin political prisoners in Tehran had been going on with great ferocity for more than 40 days. 40

41 How Many Executions? 6.In his memmorandum to the members of the death committee in Tehran on August 15, 1988, Mr. Montazeri referred to the execution of prisoners and former prisoners. The reference to former prisoners being executed was prompted by the fact that once the massacre of political prisoners got underway, the clerical regime launched a nationwide effort to re-arrest former political prisoners, as Khomeini s fatwa stressed that all Mojahedin supporters and members must be executed. The French daily, Le Monde, wrote: Imam Khomeini summoned the Revolutionary Prosecutor, Hojattol-Islam Khoeiniha, to instruct him that hencefore all of the Mojahedin, those in prison and elsewhere, must be executed for waging war on God (Le Monde, March 1, 1989). According to reports from across Iran, thousands of former political prisoners and Mojahedin supporters were rounded up over a period of several months in 1988 and most were executed. 7 - Mr. Kamal Afkhami Ardekani, a former official at Evin prison, has said in testimonies to human rights rapporteurs of the United Nations: In July 1988, after Khomeini issued a fatwa ordering the massacre of Mojahedin prisoners, a meeting was held in Evin prison in which the following persons participated (the positions mentioned here are the positions they held at the time): Ebrahim Raissi, Tehran s deputy prosecutor, Mohammad Mohammadi Rayshahri, the Intelligence Minister, Gholam-Hossein [Mohseni] Ezhei, a top judiciary official, [Seyyed Hossein] Mortazavi, the governor of Evin, [Ali] Mobasheri and [Jaafar] Nayyeri, religious judges based in Evin prison. There they agreed on the procedures for carrying out Khomeini s orders. They would line up prisoners in a 14-by-5-meter hall in the central office building of Evin. The maximum capacity of the hall was 180 prisoners. They would then ask simply one question: What is your political affiliation? Those who said the Mojahedin, would be hanged from cranes that had been in position behind the building. Prisoners were hanged in Evin prison with six cranes and three fork-lift trucks. Each time, 33 people would be hanged. On each crane, there was an iron beam and five ropes were suspended from the beam. The six cranes were positioned in these locations: one was placed next to the administrative courtroom building, two were placed next to Ward 325, three were placed next to the special ward for the clergy and the central administrative building. The fork-lift trucks, each fitted with a beam with four ropes, were placed in the parking lot outside the prosecutor s office. The parking lot was also used as an execution yard. There was a crane in the garage next to the parking lot and that was also used for executions. The mass executions began in late July, Every half an hour, 33 persons 41

42 Crime Against Humaity were being hanged by these cranes and the process went on and on without any interruption. The bodies were examined by Dr. Ata Foroughi, who was head of the prison s clinic, and Dr. Mirza i, who was head of Lajevardi s office. [Assadollah Lajevardi was the former governor of Evin Prison and the most notorious executioner and torturer in the mullahs regime. Later he became the head of the State Prisons Organization.] Once they were pronounced dead, the bodies would be piled into covered trucks and taken out of prison. The trucks had been on loan from Evin s police station. Some of the trucks belonged to Evin prison itself. The same procedure went on for two weeks, from 7:30 am until 5 pm. Soon they were also using the parking lot for the executions and the number of executions every half-hour reached 37 to 40. On the basis of these revelations by a former official of Evin prison, we can safely extrapolate that if 19 rounds of executions were carried out every day, and in each round 30 prisoners were hanged, then at least 570 prisoners were being executed in Evin prison every day. In 14 days, the number of executions exceed 8,000. Bearing in mind that executions were continuing even after two weeks, and that by early September Khomeini issued another decree ordering the execution of non-mojahedin prisoners who, according to Montazeri, numbered about 500, then the number of male prisoners executed in Evin prison was more than 10,000. There were thousands of women prisoners, many of whom were executed. In addition, there were thousands of inmates in other jails in and around Tehran, including Gohardasht, where the massacre was carried out with equal ferocity. When all these are added together, the number of executions in Tehran jails becomes exceedingly high. One must also bear in mind that the Iranian Resistance had revealed a list of 635 prisons with addresses and their specifications, which gives an idea of the magnitude of the carnage. 8. Montazeri does not mention the cities and towns where the massacre of political prisoners took place, nor does he say how many prisoners were executed in each city. But reports compiled by the Mojahedin show that the carnage went on in at least 100 cities and towns across the country. In many of these cities, not a single political prisoner was left alive. These cities included Kermanshah, Zanjan, Mashad, Arak, Hamedan, Orumieh, Semnan, Rudsar, Ahwaz, Qom, Sari, Qaemshahr, Shahre Kord, Khorram-Abad, Zahedan, Karaj, Tabriz, Sabzevar, Rasht, Shiraz, Masjid- Soleiman, Isfahan, Sanandaj, Babol, Lahijan, Bandar-Anzali, Chalous, Borujerd, Kashan, Manjil, Garmsar, Fasa, Andimeshk, Behbahan, Kalachai, Gachsaran, Kerman, Somesara, Abhar, Shahinshahr, Dezful, Islamabad, Kerend, Ilam, Borazjan, Toyserkan, Pol-Dokhtar, Ardebil, Shahroud, Gorgan, Gonbad, Shahreza, Langaroud, Amol, Aligudarz, Quchan, Makou, Qazvin, Birjand, Maragheh, Mahshahr, Bushehr, Khoy, Kazeroun, Salmas, Golpayegan, Estahbanat, Aliabad, and so on. 42

43 How Many Executions? Amnesty International reported that it was receiving information pointing to hundreds of executions from among the Kurdish opposition group prisoners in the prison of Orumieh, and 50 executions in Sanandaj. Throughout the rest of 1988, there were reports on continuing executions in different parts of Iran: - In Orumieh, around 400 prisoners were executed and buried in mountains around the city in groups of 10, 20, and 30 people (November 8, 1988) - In Semnan, eight prisoners supporting the Mojahedin were hanged in public from a construction crane, (November 8, 1988) prisoners in Arak, an unspecified number of prisoners in Rudsar, dozens of prisoners in Ahwaz, 18 prisoners in Astara and another group of prisoners in Shahre-Kord were sent to the firing squad, (November 8, 1988). - In November 1988, further reports on more executions in different cities began coming in. According to these reports which were confirmed by different sources, 84 people were executed in Mashad prison in October. Also in October, 150 prisoners were executed in the prison of Khorramabad (western Iran). Twenty-one prisoners were executed in Tabriz prison (December 2, 1988). Manjil - Following torrential rains, a mass grave containing 80 bodies of political prisoners was discovered two kilometers west of the Tehran-Rasht highway. Garmsar - Two truckloads of bodies of prisoners were transferred from Evin and Qezel Hessar prisons to wastelands around the city and buried in a big mass grave. Southwestern Iran - 33 Mojahedin supporters were executed over several weeks in the cities of Ahwaz, Andimeshk and Behbahan. Among them were at least seven women. At the same time, more than 20 political prisoners were executed in Bushehr. Sabzevar - 29 Mojahedin supporters were executed after years of imprisonment. Southern Iran - 26 political prisoners, who were completing their prison terms, were executed in Fasa. Also in Adelabad prison in Shiraz 14 inmates were executed in one day. Northern Iran- Following the discovery of 10 corpses belonging to Mojahedin prisoners buried in two mass graves in Kalachai and Rudsar, citizens clashed with the Guards. Tabriz - Four opponents of the regime were hanged in one of the cities circles. The bodies were left hanging for 24 hours, (January 2, 1989). All political prisoners in the prisons of Dizelabad (Kermanshah), Vakilabad (Mashad), Gachsaran, Khorramabad, Kerman and Masjid Soleiman had been executed by January 10, The Guards dug a big mass grave near Somesara - Kasma road in the northern province of Gilan, and during one night buried several truckloads of corpses in it. 43

44 Crime Against Humaity Near Khavaran road (east of Tehran), agents of the Revolutionary Prosecutor s Office buried the bodies of a large group of the executed beside the Armenian cemetery. Stray dogs dug out some corpses from shallow graves, and the mass graves were exposed. In Isfahan, in the beginning of 1989, bodies of executed political prisoners were buried in groups of 40, 60 and 100 in Bagh-e-Rezvan cemetery. In Tehran, agents of the regime buried corpses of a large number of massacre victims in a big canal in Beheshte Zahra Cemetery s Block 93. In blocks no 106, 107, 108 and 109 of the same cemetery; the graves of a considerable number of executed prisoners have been discovered by their families. Ninety-four people from the town of Abhar, 60 people from Khazaneh (southern Tehran), 40 people from the residents of Ray Street, and 11 people from Norouzkhan district in Tehran s Bazaar were executed (December 31, 1988). In a suburb of Isfahan called Shahinshahr, 700 people were executed over several months. During the last days of 1988, 10 Mojahedin members were hanged in public in one day in three different places in the city of Islamabad (western Iran), while 40 people were executed by firing squad in the northern city of Lahijan. Mass executions and public hangings continued at the same rate in towns all over the country. Thirty-One people in Sanandaj, 25 in Borazjan, 27 in Baneh were executed. In only one village named Dehkohneh, in the vicinity of Borazjan, five Mojahedin supporters were sent to the firing squad. In Tagh Nosrat district of Toyserkan, three supporters of Mojahedin were hanged in public in one day. In Karaj, the extent of secret execution of political prisoners was extremely high, leaving only three people from 500 in one ward of Gohardasht prison (February 10, 1988). It was known afterwards that a number of army servicemen who had refused to fight the National Liberation Army during Operation Eternal Light in July 1988, and had deserted the ranks of the army, were executed. In one day, two officers, one NCO and two soldiers were hanged in public in the city of Kermanshah, western Iran. 44

45 Crimes Against Women III Crimes Against Humanity, Crimes Against Women Statement by Women s Committee of National Council of Resistance In his recently published memoirs, Mr. Hossein-Ali Montazeri, the former heirapparent of Khomeini, refers to mass execution and systematic torture of women political prisoners in Iran, that has led to numerous women being killed or maimed under torture or losing their mental balance. He reveals that in the massacre of political prisoners in 1988, numerous women were also sent before the firing squads after summary trials. While the Iranian Resistance has consistently exposed the crimes of the mullahs regime against women in Iran, today some of these crimes are being revealed by a man who was for ten years the clerical regime s Number Two and Khomeini s heirapparent, with access to the innermost secrets of the state: 1. Mr. Montazeri reveals in this book the text of a personal letter he sent to Khomeini on October 8, In it, Montazeri wrote, inter alia: Do you know that crimes are being committed in the prisons of the Islamic Republic in the name of Islam the like of which was never seen under the Shah s evil regime? Do you know that a large number of prisoners have been killed under torture by their interrogators? Do you know that in Mashad prison, some 25 girls had to have their ovaries or uterus removed as a result of what had been done to them, and because there were no physicians and medical care? 45

46 Crime Against Humaity Do you know that in Shiraz prison, a girl who was fasting in the month of Ramadan was executed on petty charges immediately after breaking her fast? Do you know that in some prisons of the Islamic Republic young girls are being raped by force? Do you know that interrogators foulmouth the girls and use disgusting words to insult them while interrogating them? Do you know that as a result of unruly torture, many prisoners have become deaf or paralyzed or afflicted with chronic diseases? And there is no one to listen to their complaints? The damning contents of this letter alone provide sufficient grounds for an international prosecution of the crimes against humanity in Iran. Where else in the world are women and girls subjected to such horrifying treatment? 2. In another shocking example of the atrocities committed by the mullahs regime, Mr. Montazeri writes in his memoirs: Once I was in Najafabad and I was told about two persons who had been sentenced to death. One was the thirteen-year-old daughter of Haj Taqi Rajai. I knew their family well; they were pious and lived in Najafabad. They were said to have been influenced and recruited by the People s Mojahedin, and were sentenced to execution for this reason. They told me that these two persons had been sentenced to death. They said the thirteen-year-old girl had been asked by the interrogator: Don t you believe in the Imam if you are saying these things? She said, with youthful pride: No, I don t. I never thought that these two persons would be executed any time soon... But they came to me the next day and said: The two of them were executed last night! I was utterly shocked. 3. Mr. Montazeri in effect acknowledges that the rape of girls in the mullahs prisons was a widespread and systematic practice. He writes: Many of those who were being arrested in connection with the Mojahedin were girls and they were executing them on charges of waging war on God... I told the judiciary officials and Evin officials and others, quoting the Imam, that they must not execute girls from the Mojahedin. I told judges not to write death sentences for girls. This is what I said. But then they perverted my words and quoted me as saying: Don t execute girls. First marry them for one night and then execute them. This is a clear acknowledgment that girls in prisons were being systematically raped by the guards and torturers. The sexual assault on prisoners was not confined to girls; from teenagers to aging women, all female prisoners were constantly exposed to this savage treatment. Many women prisoners became insane as a result of being raped by the guards. 46

47 Crimes Against Women 4. An aide to Montazeri who visited some of the prisons wrote a letter to Khomeini about his observations. The letter, reproduced in Montazeri s book, reads in part: [There] are prisoners whose hair had been pulled out, their arms and legs broken, their toes and fingers smashed, their teeth broken. They had scars on their bodies. A woman from Mashad said that she had been arrested during the month of Ramadan while she was pregnant and had been beaten so much that she miscarried her child. Prisoners claimed that two of them had been beaten to death. He refers to a variety of tortures, including flogging with electric cables, kicking, burning the skin with lighters, being dragged by a car, being burnt with kerosene and petrol. 5. Montazeri cites a report by his own representative who visited some prisons: We went to visit Hessarak Prison (or Qezel Hessar), near Mardabad. We saw a door that was covered with a black blanket and a rug. Inside, it was so dark you could not tell the day from the night. About ten prisoners were being held in that room. We came across a girl, one of the prisoners, who was eating her own feces. She had been so much tortured and harassed that she had become deranged. But they were still keeping her in jail. The girl was among a group of 200 to 300 girls who had been arrested essentially for having read the Mojahedin s statements and some of them had become mentally disturbed while in prison. 6. Mr. Montazeri points out that many of the victims of the 1988 massacre of political prisoners were women. In his first letter to Khomeini on the issue of massacres, written only three days after the killings began, Mr. Montazeri stated: If you insist [on the mass executions], at least allow the women to be spared, especially women with children. In another example, Montazeri cites the revolutionary prosecutor of Fars province: [Islami] had brought to me the file of a girl about to be executed. He said he was opposed to executing her, but the other two voted in favor of the execution. 7. But most of the atrocities and crimes perpetrated against women in Khomeini s jails are not even mentioned in Montazeri s book. The infamous Residential Units, for example, which the torturers and guards referred to as a place of no return, were comparable to rape camps where women prisoners faced the most horrendous treatment and torture and were in the end executed or killed under torture. The only survivors are those who have become mentally deranged. Mojahedin women taken to these units would be held inside cages - coffin-like cell where the prisoner had to stand on her feet all the time. One former prisoner wrote: They brought to our cell several women who had been tortured in the Residential Units. They had all become insane. They cried all day, swore, talked to themselves, while refusing to talk to anybody else. 47

48 Crime Against Humaity 8. Beijing s conference coined the mantra that women s rights are human rights. After Beijing+5, fighting violence against women has become a major issue for defenders of women s rights across the world. Today, the world community is bringing to justice perpetrators of crimes against humanity whose victims have been women. All this makes it imperative that the rulers of the mullahs regime, as the principals in these crimes against humanity, be brought to justice by the international community. The revelation of shocking evidence of such crimes by the former heirapparent of Khomeini only makes any inaction and silence on these crimes more unjustified. Economic interests must not be placed ahead of human rights concerns. The women s committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran urges all human rights forums, the UN Commission on Human Rights, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the UNHRC special representative for human rights in Iran, the special rapporteur for women, and all organizations defending women s rights to condemn the Iranian regime s crimes against women and to undertake every effort to remove the political and practical impediments to the formation of an international tribunal for putting on trial the principals and perpetrators of these crimes. Women s Committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran December 21,

49 Wanted for crimes against humaity IV Wanted for Crimes Against Humanity Proposed list of indictments against 20 leaders and officials of Iranian regime The following pages contain preliminary information on 21 individuals who have played an active role, in various capacities, in the massacre of thousands of political prisoners in Iran in The list, although not exhaustive, does identify the principal figures involved in the implementation of Khomeini s fatwa that ordered the extermination of political prisoners. 49

50 Crime Against Humaity Name: Ali Family Name: Khamenei POSITION IN 1988: President CURRENT POSITION: Vali-e Faqih (Supreme Leader) OTHER POSITIONS: 1. Member, Revolutionary Council 2. President, two terms for a total of eight years 3. Supreme Leader since 1989 CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1. Khamenei was present in the meeting where Khomeini ordered the massacre. Khamenei strongly supported Khomeini s order and persistently defended the fatwa when international condemnation mounted. 2. As President and the highest ranking executive authority in 1988, Khamenei bears primary responsibility for the massacre. As President, he allowed unlimited governmental resources to be used in implementing Khomeini s order. 3. Khamenei has since been actively involved in preventing the exposure of the carnage. In order to protect the interests of the system after the 1988 massacre and keep the crimes against humanity from being exposed, he prevented the UNHRC Special Representative from visiting Iran (reported by the regime s radio on December 6, 1988). OTHER CHARGES: 1. The terrorist operations outside Iran targeting hundreds of Iranian dissidents are initially approved by Khamenei and then submitted to the Supreme National Security Council for further review and subsequently put into implementation. 2. A German court referred to Khamenei s role in the killing of four Iranian dissidents by agents of the Intelligence Ministry in the Mykonos restaurant in Berlin. The court identified Khamenei as the highest authority for giving orders for the assassinations. 50

51 Wanted for crimes against humaity PUBLIC STATEMENTS: Khamenei acknowledged his responsibility and defended the massacre of political prisoners With respect to executions, mass executions in Iran,... have we banned capital punishment? No. We in the Islamic Republic have capital punishment for those who deserve to be executed. Do you think we should give sweets to a prisoner who has connections with the activities of the Monafeqin who attacked the Islamic Republic s borders? If his connection with that group is revealed, what should we do to him? He is condemned to execution and we will execute him. We do not joke with this (Tehran radio, December 12, 1988). 51

52 Crime Against Humaity Name: Ali-Akbar Family Name: Hashemi-Rafsanjani POSITION IN 1988: Speaker of Parliament, Acting Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces CURRENT POSITION: Head of the State Exigencies Council, Deputy Speaker of Assembly of Experts OTHER POSITIONS: Member of the Revolutionary Council, Minister of the Interior, President CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1-Khomeini first raised the idea of his fatwa for the massacre at a meeting attended by his son Ahmad, Rafsanjani (the then Speaker of the Majlis and Acting Commander in Chief), Ali Khamenei (the then President), Abdolkarim Moussavi Ardebili (the then Chief Justice), Mohammad Moussavi Khoeiniha (the then Chief Revolutionary Prosecutor), and Mohammad Khatami (the then Director of Cultural Affairs at the General Command of the Armed Forces and Minister of Islamic Guidance). 2-As Acting Commander in Chief and the regime s de facto Number Two after Khomeini, Rafsanjani vigorously defended the fatwa for the massacre. He stated: In the recent affair, the Mersad Operation, there were people inside Iran who wanted to engage in extensive sabotage. They were punished. (State radio, December 6, 1988) 3-After Khomeini issued the fatwa, Rafsanjani oversaw its enforcement as Khomeini s representative and reported to him on the progress of the massacre. 4. As the Acting Commander in Chief, Rafsanjani ordered that all the military personnel who had deserted or surrendered themselves to the Mojahedin must be executed. The order was carried out. OTHER CHARGES: 1-In the summer of 1981, as large-scale execution of dissidents began, Rafsanjani 52

53 Wanted for crimes against humaity demanded more ruthless repression. He said publicly: At the outset of the Revolution we made a mistake: we did not kill 200 Mojahedin, now we have to kill them by the thousands. 2-During his presidency, he ordered the execution of many dissidents abroad. One such example was the assassination of Dr. Kazem Rajavi in Geneva in April The victim s brother, Massoud Rajavi, revealed Rafsanjani s crime based on the testimony of reputable witnesses, and the Swiss media published the details. Rafsanjani tried to sue one of the reporters, but a Geneva court ruled in favor of the journalist and rejected Rafsanjani s claim of libel. 3- As chairman of the regime s Supreme National Security Council between 1989 and 1997, Rafsanjani personally endorsed plans for the assassination of Iranian dissidents abroad. 4- A Berlin Court found Rafsanjani guilty as one of a group of the highest officials of the Islamic Republic who had ordered the assassination of four dissident Iranians in Mykonos restaurant in Throughout the year 2000, more evidence of Rafsanjani s role in a chain of politically motivated murders in Iran has surfaced. PUBLIC STATEMENTS: Rafsanjani: God s law prescribes four punishments for them (the Mojahedin). 1-Kill them. 2-Hang them, 3-Cut off their hands and feet 4-Banish them. If we had killed two hundred of them right after the Revolution, their numbers would not have mounted this way. I repeat that according to the Quran, we are determined to destroy all [Mojahedin] who display enmity against Islam (Ettela at, October 31, 1981). 53

54 Crime Against Humaity Name: Mohammad Family Name: Khatami POSITION IN 1988: Minister of Islamic Guidance, Director of Cultural Affairs at the General Command of the Armed Forces CURRENT POSITION: President since 1997 OTHER POSITIONS: 1-Khomeini appointed him Supervisor of Kayhan (Iran s biggest-circulation daily) 2-Member of the Majlis (parliament) from Ardekan 3-Minister of Guidance from 1982 until Advisor to the President and Director of the National Library CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1-Khatami participated in the session in which Khomeini, for the first time, discussed plans for the execution of all political prisoners. 2-In governmental meetings, Khatami consistently opposed those worried about the social and international backlash of the massacre and strongly defended Khomeini s edict. As Minister of Guidance, he was responsible for suppressing any news of the massacre or criticism of it by various circles. As Ressalat and Iran News, state-run dailies, recently reported: This edict was issued and enforced when Mr. Khatami was Director of Cultural Affairs at the Armed Forces General Command and he resolutely defended His Holiness the Imam s decision. 3-Abusing his powers as President, he has tried to cover up these mass murders, especially his own role in them. The daily Gozaresh, dated April 9, 2000, reported: Arya daily was closed down on the explicit, personal order of President Khatami, enforced immediately by the Ministry of Guidance, after it carried a story about the massacre of political prisoners in OTHER CHARGES: 1-From the outset, he was a close advisor to Khomeini. He personally directed 54

55 Wanted for crimes against humaity the censorship and repression of writers and artists for ten years as Minister of Guidance. Many of the most outstanding Iranian writers and artists were executed by firing squads during his term as Minister of Guidance. 2-During the war (with Iraq), Khatami was responsible for mobilizing school children who died by the tens of thousands in senseless human-wave attacks across minefields. Khatami s role in this atrocity indeed amounts to a war crime. 55

56 Crime Against Humaity Name: Abdulkarim Family Name: Moussavi Ardebili POSITION IN 1988: Chief Justice of the Islamic Republic, head of the Supreme Judicial Council CURRENT POSITION: One of the regime s official interpreters of canon law (a jurist worthy of being followed or emulated ), theological lecturer in city of Qom s seminaries OTHER POSITIONS: Member of the ruling clergy s Revolutionary Council. The first Chief Prosecutor under Khomeini CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1-He appointed religious judges to the death committees throughout Iran. 2-He conveyed Khomeini s fatwa for the massacre to religious judges and prosecutors throughout Iran and ordered them to join the death committees. 3-He is among those who directly received Khomeini s fatwa for the massacre. He then made sure the judiciary would obey it. (Refer to a handwritten note by Khomeini s late son, Ahmad, on Khomeini s fatwa. Montazeri has published the document in his memoirs.) 4-Moussavi-Ardebili ordered speedy execution of political prisoners without any judicial formalities. On August 6, 1988, in an interview broadcast by the national radio network, he stated: The Judiciary is under great pressure...there are questions about why these people are not executed. They must all be executed. We will no longer have trials or bother with the dossiers of the convicts. OTHER CHARGES: During his tenure as Chief Justice between 1981 and 1989, more than 90,000 executions took place. Ardebili was the ultimate judicial authority as Chief of the entire Judicial System REMARKS: Moussavi-Ardebili s own confession of some of these wholesale crimes against humanity is included. 56

57 Wanted for crimes against humaity Name: Mohammad Family Name: Moussavi Khoeiniha POSITION IN 1988: Chief Revolutionary Prosecutor CURRENT POSITION: Leader of the Second Khordad Front (Supporters of Khatami); and member of the State Exigencies Council OTHER POSITIONS: Leader of the Students Following the Line of the Imam who held American diplomats in Tehran hostage for 444 days CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1-Khomeini personally assigned the task of implementing the fatwa for the massacre to Khoeiniha as Chief Revolutionary Prosecutor. 2-In all death committees he had his own representatives who directly reported to him. 3-He dismissed several local prosecutors who objected to the mass murders. 4-From 1985 through 1988, as Chief Revolutionary Prosecutor, he was instrumental in the execution of thousands of people. OTHER CHARGES: 1-He and his deputy prosecutors issued at least 100,000 arrest warrants for dissidents. Most of the detainees were subjected to savage torture. Huge numbers were executed. 2-He appointed special representatives in the Ministry of Intelligence and its departments throughout Iran in order to expedite the arrest and torture of political dissidents. PUBLIC STATEMENTS: Le Monde, March 1, 1989: Imam Khomeini summoned Revolutionary Prosecutor Hojjatoleslam [Mohammad Moussavi] Khoeiniha and ordered him to treat all Mojahedin, in prison or elsewhere, as being at war with God and execute them summarily... 57

58 Crime Against Humaity First Name: Ali Last Name: Fallahian POSITION IN 1988: Deputy Director of the Ministry of Intelligence CURRENT POSITION: Member of Assembly of Experts OTHER POSITIONS: Religious judge of the Islamic Revolutionary Court in Abadan Religious judge of the Islamic Revolutionary Court in Kermanshah Minister of Intelligence Special Prosecutor Deputy Chief Revolutionary Prosecutor Head of the Armed Forces Counter-intelligence Organization CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: In his position as deputy to Intelligence Minister Rayshahri, Fallahian played an active role in implementing Khomeini s orders. He appointed many of the Intelligence Ministry officials to the death committees. OTHER CHARGES: 1- As the religious judge in several cities including Abadan and Kermanshah, he issued the execution order and imprisonment of several hundred people. 2- In 1982, as the Deputy Chief of the Revolutionary Court, he coordinated the activities of the Tehran Revolutionary Court and the Central Committee and Revolutionary Guards Intelligence which led to the violent crackdown of ( Abrar Newspaper August 20, 1989). As a result of the regime s Revolutionary Guards attack on the houses of Mojahedin members and supporters in Tehran, at least 60 were killed. The list of their names is available. 3- In his position as the religious judge of the Islamic Revolutionary Court, he was able to discover and destroy Mojahedin s organization in Kermanshah and Khorassan provinces. (Abrar, August 20, 1989) Fallahian signed the execution orders of many Mojahedin members and supporters in these two provinces. 4- In his position as the Deputy Intelligence Minster, he was responsible for the training of terrorist teams operating outside Iran. 58

59 Wanted for crimes against humaity 5- Judge Roland Chatelain, the Swiss magistrate in charge of investigations into the 1990 assassination of Dr. Kazem Rajavi, declared in July 1997 that Fallahian had masterminded Dr. Rajavi s assassination. 6- A Berlin court which investigated the assassination of four Iranian dissidents declared after a four-year investigation that Fallahian was the mastermind and organizer of this crime. The court issued an international arrest warrant for Fallahian. 7- Fallahian issued the order to assassinate Mr. Mohammad-Hossein Naghdi, the National Council of Resistance s Representative in Italy. This terrorist act was carried out by agents of the Intelligence Ministry in Fallahian issued orders to kidnap and kill Mr. Ali-Akbar Ghorbani, a member of the Mojahedin, in 1992 in Turkey. Ghorbani died under torture and his mutilated body was discovered a few months later. 9- Fallahian issued orders to kidnap and assassinate Ms. Zahra Rajabi, a senior member of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. He directly supervised this operation which was carried out in February The initial plan was to kidnap Zahra Rajabi, but at the time due to the resistance of a Mojahedin supporter who accompanied her, the Intelligence Ministry s terrorists killed both of them. One of these terrorists who was arrested confessed to the Turkish authorities. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. 10- The assassination of Shahpour Bakhtiar in Paris in August 1991 was ordered by Fallahian and carried out by agents of the Intelligence Ministry. 11- Fallahian s Intelligence Ministry carried out 51 terrorist operations against the Mojahedin in Iraq. Ruhollah Hosseinian, a former Intelligence Minister Deputy, has confessed that Saeed Emami (Fallahian s deputy) led 100 operations against the Mojahedin outside Iran. 12- Fallahian is one of the principal figures behind the murder of writers and intellectuals in Iran, known as the chain political murders. He was the organizer of these assassinations. A list including the names of 111 of those assassinated is available. 59

60 Crime Against Humaity Name: Mohammad Family Name: Mohammadi Rayshahri POSITION IN 1988: Minister of Intelligence CURRENT POSITION: Representative of Supreme Leader Khamenei for the pilgrimage to Mecca. OTHER POSITIONS: Judge of the Special Court for the Clergy; judge in the Revolutionary Tribunal; President of the Military Tribunals; founder of the Ministry of Intelligence. CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1-Appointment of the death committees, each consisting of three members, in Tehran and the provinces. These committees interviewed all prisoners and decided who should be executed. Montazeri reveals that the committees were dominated by the Intelligence Ministry representatives, who insisted on the highest number of executions. 2-Rayshahri headed an oversight committee in Evin Prison. On the first day of the massacre, this committee drew up details for the execution of more than 10,000 political prisoners in Tehran on Khomeini s orders. Other members were Raissi, Nayyeri, Mortazavi, Mohseni-Ezhei, Mobasheri. and Pourmohammadi. 3-The arbitrary detention of thousands of former political prisoners and young supporters of the Mojahedin and the re-arrest of thousands of released political prisoners. His ministry organized the execution by firing squads of these victims along with political prisoners. OTHER CHARGES: 1-Ordering the execution of dozens of people during the years 1979 through 1981 as a roving Revolutionary Judge in Gachsaran, Dezful, Behbahan, Khorramabad and Borujerd. 2- Purges of thousands of dissident military personnel as chief judge and prosecutor of Military Tribunals from 1980 through He personally ordered the execution of several hundred servicemen during this period. 60

61 Wanted for crimes against humaity 3-Detention of many dissident clergymen and the execution of several of them. 4. As the founder of the Intelligence Ministry, he was responsible for institutionalizing torture, kidnapping, murder, sexual assault on women detainees and an endless list of crimes committed by the Intelligence Ministry agents under his command. REMARKS: Several former personnel of the Ministry of Intelligence and Evin Prison are ready to give eyewitness testimony about Rayshahri s crimes against humanity in any trial. 61

62 Crime Against Humaity Name: Morteza Last Name: Eshraghi POSITION IN 1988: Tehran Prosecutor and chair of the death committee in Tehran CURRENT POSITION: Justice of the Supreme Court CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1. The Chief Prosecutor of Tehran and the head of the death committee in Tehran. He was appointed by Khomeini. 2. Along with other members of the death committee, Eshraghi is responsible for issuing execution verdicts for at least 10,000 political prisoners during the massacre. REMARKS: Many individuals who were in prison during the massacre and closely witnessed Eshraghi s role are ready to serve as witnesses and testify in an international court. Similarly, several former members of the Intelligence Ministry and former employees of Evin prison are ready to serve as eyewitness and testify in an international court. One of these witnesses personally attended a meeting at which the procedures for implementing Khomeini s order were discussed. 62

63 Wanted for crimes against humaity Name: Jaafar Family Name: Nayyeri POSITION IN 1988: Presiding Judge of Revolutionary Tribunal in Tehran and Chairman of the central death committee in Tehran CURRENT POSITION: Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1-Religious judge and chairman of the central death committee in Tehran, personally appointed by Khomeini. 2-Personally ordered the execution of at least 10,000 political prisoners during the massacre. 3-According to Montazeri, in a meeting on August 12, 1988, Nayyeri confessed to some of his crimes by stating: We have so far executed 750 people in Tehran. We have separated two hundred others because of their views and will get rid of them as well. OTHER CHARGES: 1-In the past two decades, as a religious judge, judge of the Revolutionary Tribunals and holder of other senior positions in the ruling clergy s courts, Nayyeri has ordered the execution of thousands of political prisoners. REMARKS: 1-Many eyewitnesses, prisoners who witnessed the crimes, are ready to testify in any trial. 2-Some former personnel of the Ministry of Intelligence and Evin Prison are ready to testify about Nayyeri s crimes. 63

64 Crime Against Humaity Name: Mostafa Family Name: Pourmohammadi POSITION IN 1988: Deputy Minister of Intelligence and member of the death committee in Tehran CURRENT POSITION: National Security Advisor to the Supreme Leader CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1-Representative of the Ministry of Intelligence in the central death committee in Tehran 2-The principal figure behind the execution of at least 10,000 political prisoners in the massacre OTHER CHARGES: 1-For 13 years, he consistently held high positions in the Ministry of Intelligence. From 1989 through 1997, he was Deputy Minister of Intelligence under Fallahian. During this period, Pourmohammadi played a direct role in the arrest, torture and murder of thousands of political prisoners. 2-He was one of the key masterminds of a chain of political assassinations in and outside Iran. 3. Pourmohammadi played an instrumental role in dozens of murders involving dissidents and intellectuals in Iran throughout the 1990s. Among the victims was his own cousin, Mrs. Ashraf-os-Sadat Borghei, who was killed at her home in Qom in March Emadoddin Baghi, a journalist who was later jailed for his revelations, wrote in Fat h newspaper on January 29, 2000: The murderers of Mrs. Borghei put the house on fire to make it look like a fire and conceal their crime. Deputy Intelligence Minister Mostafa Pourmohammadi, who was the cousin of Mrs. Borghei, was at a house near the scene of the crime, together with Intelligence Minister Ali Fallahian. Baghi later revealed a letter from Borghei s husband in which he accused Pourmohammadi of killing his wife. Mrs. Borghei was working for the Intelligence Ministry. 64

65 Wanted for crimes against humaity REMARKS: 1-Many eyewitnesses, prisoners during these crimes against humanity, are willing to testify against Pourmohammadi in any court. 2-In addition, a number of former personnel of the Ministry of Intelligence and Evin Prison are willing to provide eye-witness testimony about Pourmohammadi s crimes against humanity. 65

66 Crime Against Humaity Name: Gholam-Hossein Family Name: Mohseni Ezhei POSITION IN 1988: Special representative of the Chief Justice in the Ministry of Intelligence CURRENT POSITION: President of the Special Court for the Clergy since 1998 OTHER POSITIONS: Judiciary s representative in the Ministry of Intelligence until 1995 President of Branch 3 of the Revolutionary Court Deputy Revolutionary Prosecutor in Tehran Religious judge of the State Employees Tribunal CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1. Mohseni Ezhei was a member of the top supervisory committee that under Intelligence Minister Rayshahri met in Evin Prison to oversee the progress of the implementation of Khomeini s fatwa. It was this committee that set down the procedures for the massacre before the executions began. 2. Mohseni Ezhei was present in Tehran s prisons throughout the period of the massacre and assisted the death committees as a religious judge and oversaw the executions. OTHER CHARGES: 1. As the religious judge of the State Employees Tribunal, Mohseni Ezhei has issued thousands of verdicts for the dismissal, arrest and execution of dissident employees of the government 2. As the special representative of the judiciary in the Intelligence Ministry, Mohseni Ezhei facilitated the unlawful acts of the Intelligence Ministry s agents by giving them authorization for murder and harassment of the citizens. In that position, he issued thousands of arrest warrants and ordered the torture of detainees. He also issued death decrees for prisoners who were killed under torture. 3. Mohseni Ezhei has issued death decrees for the murder of several dissident intellectuals and writers. Newspapers in Iran revealed that Pirouz Davani, a writer, 66

67 Wanted for crimes against humaity was abducted and killed by Intelligence Ministry agents on a secret decree issued by Mohseni. REMARKS: Several former personnel of the Ministry of Intelligence are ready to give eyewitness testimony about Mohseni Ezhei s crimes against humanity in any trial. 67

68 Crime Against Humaity First Name: Mohammad Last Name: Mohammadi Gilani POSITION IN 1988: Secretary of the Guardian Council CURRENT POSITION: Chief of the Supreme Court OTHER POSITIONS: Chief of Tehran s Revolutionary Court Member of the Guardian Council CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: As the most influential religious judge in the regime, Gilani played an active role in the massacre of 1988 by overseeing the work of the death committees. OTHER CHARGES: 1-As Chief of Tehran s Revolutionary Court, he issued numerous death sentences. Several thousand individuals have been tried by him summarily and sentenced to death. The courts lasted for only a few minutes and the defendants were never given a chance to defend themselves or appeal the court s verdict. 2-He ordered the execution of two of his own children, who were members of the Mojahedin. 3-Gilani has openly and repeatedly supported torture, public executions, etc. 4-In his position as the president of the Supreme Court, he has upheld thousands of death sentences passed by courts and religious judges across the country. PUBLIC STATEMENTS: Mohammadi Gilani, then-religious Judge of Tehran: We must use Ta azir (torture) on these [Mojahedin] to make them tell us where they have hidden their weapons. According to Islam, even if they die under torture, no one is held accountable. This is the precise decree of the Imam (Ettela at, October 30, 1981). Mohammadi Gilani: Those who are arrested during armed street demonstrations can be lined up against a wall and shot on the spot. The wounded can also be finished off on the spot. From the religious point of view, there is no need to bring such people to court, because they have waged war on God. Their sentence is clear. (Kayhan, September 20, 1981). 68

69 Wanted for crimes against humaity First Name: Ali Last Name: Younessi POSITION IN 1988: First deputy to the Judicial Organization of the Armed Forces, religious judge CURRENT POSITION: Minister of Intelligence since 1999 OTHER POSITIONS: Religious Judge of Qom Chief of Tehran Revolutionary Court Chief of the Army Revolutionary Court, religious judge of the armed forces Khomeini s representative for rebuilding the Army Counter-intelligence Organization General Prosecutor of Tehran CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1- As the religious judge, he was directly involved in the prosecution and execution of political prisoners 2- In his position as chief of the 2nd Branch of the Revolutionary Court and a religious judge, he had an active role in the arrest of dissident servicemen, ordering the execution of many of them. 4- In 1986, he was Khomeini s representative for rebuilding the Army s Counterintelligence Organization and in 1988, he was the representative of the Acting Commander of Chief for intelligence and security issues. In this position, he for the second time proceeded to purge the military personnel and to arrest and execute dissident servicemen. 5- From 1988 to 1993, he was Tehran s General Prosecutor. In this capacity, he was personally responsible for the execution of many prisoners. 6- From 1993 until 1999, he was Chief of the Armed Forces Judicial Organization. In this position, he issued death sentences for several hundred servicemen opposing the regime and supporting the Mojahedin. 69

70 Crime Against Humaity Name: Ali-Akbar Family Name: Mohtashami POSITION IN 1988: Minister of the Interior CURRENT POSITION: Majlis deputy, leader of Khatami s faction in the Majlis OTHER POSITIONS: Ambassador to Syria Responsible for the regime s terrorist activities abroad in the 1980s Presidential counselor (under Khatami) CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1- As Interior Minister, he was instrumental in carrying out the large-scale arrest of former political prisoners and Mojahedin sympathizers across the country, because Khomeini s fatwa required that in addition to those Mojahedin supporters in jail, others at large also be caught and executed.. 2- Mohtashami vigorously defended the massacre and suppressed all internal dissent. The Komiteh Revolutionary Guards under his command were responsible for suppression and intimidation of families of victims.. OTHER CHARGES: 1- As the acting commander in chief of the internal security forces (Komiteh), Mohtashami was responsible in the 1980s for the arrest and torture and murder of numerous political activists and dissidents across the country. 2. Mohtashami s role in the foreign terrorist operations of the mullahs regime throughout the 1980s is well documented. PUBLIC STATEMENTS: Mohtashami: There are crimes which must be punished by execution. It is natural that the punishment for the Mojahedin is execution. All the rumors about mass executions is only about those who were executed in Mersad operation... But to put this issue to rest, I must say that all those who were arrested and all those who joined [the Mojahedin] have been executed (An interview with Iran s Interior Minister, Al-Mostaqbal daily, Lebanon, February 24, 1989). 70

71 Wanted for crimes against humaity Name: Ebrahim Last Name: Raissi POSITION IN 1988: Deputy to the Tehran Prosecutor and influential member of death committee in Tehran CURRENT POSITION: Head of the State Inspectorate Office OTHER POSITIONS: President of Tehran s Islamic Revolutionary Court for Political Groups CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN IRAN IN 1988: 1. Raissi was one of the most influential members of the death committee in Tehran and along with its other members was responsible for the execution of at least 10,000 political prisoners in Tehran OTHER CHARGES: 1. As the President of the Tehran Revolutionary Court for Political Groups, Raissi has been involved in the arrest, torture, and execution of members and supporters of political groups, especially the Mojahedin REMARKS: Many individuals who were in prison during the massacre and closely witnessed Raissi s role are ready to serve as witnesses and testify in an international court. Similarly, many former members of the Intelligence Ministry and former employees of Evin prison are ready to serve as eyewitnesses and testify in an international court. 71

72 Crime Against Humaity Name: Mohammad Family Name: Moghisse i (aka Naserian) POSITION IN 1988: Governor of Gohardasht Prison CURRENT POSITION: Senior official in the judiciary OTHER POSITIONS: Top official in Revolutionary Prosecutor s Office in Tehran Interrogator in Evin Prison s Branch 3 CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1. As the governor of Gohardasht Prison, Moghisse i sat on the death committee during its sessions in that prison. 2. He personally hanged numerous prisoners in Gohardasht during the massacre. 3. In the exceptional cases that other members of the death committee wanted to show some leniency, Moghisse i always prevented them and had the prisoner executed. 4. Under his direction, thousands of prisoners in Gohardasht were executed during the massacre and the few survivors were transferred to Evin. OTHER CHARGES: 1. Moghisse i has been described by many former prisoners as the most ruthless among all the savage torturers and executioners in Khomeini s prisons. This ruthlessness allowed him to rise quickly in the mullahs hierarchy and become the governor of a major prison by As the governor of Gohardasht, he introduced the most savage types of torture to the prison. Hundreds of prisoners lost their mental balance under these tortures and hundreds more died under torture. 3. He himself raped numerous women prisoners and encouraged this practice during his term as governor. REMARKS: There are hundreds of former prisoners from Gohardasht who are prepared to testify on Moghisse i s crimes. 72

73 Wanted for crimes against humaity Name: Seyyed Hossein Family Name: Mortazavi POSITION IN 1988: Governor of Evin Prison CURRENT POSITION: Senior official in the judiciary OTHER POSITIONS: Candidate for Majlis from the city of Zanjan Official in Revolutionary Prosecutor s Office Interrogator in Evin Prison CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1. As the governor of Evin Prison, Mortazavi sat on the death committee during its sessions in that prison. 2. He executed numerous prisoners in Evin during the massacre. 3. Thousands of prisoners in Evin were executed during the massacre under Mortazavi s personal supervision OTHER CHARGES: 1. Mortazavi was one of the most ruthless torturers in Evin and was personally responsible for killing many prisoners under torture. 2. As the governor of Evin, he ordered the arbitrary execution of numerous prisoners. REMARKS: There are hundreds of former prisoners from Evin who are prepared to testify on Mortazavi s crimes. There are also several former members of the Intelligence Ministry who have indicated their readiness to testify about Mortazavi s crimes. 73

74 Crime Against Humaity Name: Ali Family Name: Mobasheri POSITION IN 1988: Religious Judge in Evin Prison CURRENT POSITION: President of Revolutionary Courts in Tehran OTHER POSITIONS: Top official in Revolutionary Prosecutor s Office CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1. As the religious judge based in Evin Prison, Mobasheri sat on the death committee during its sessions in Evin. 2. He was a member of the top supervisory committee that under Intelligence Minister Rayshahri set down the procedures for the massacre before the executions began. 3. Mobasheri personally issued hundreds of death sentences in Evin prison. OTHER CHARGES: 1. Mobasheri was a senior official in the Revolutionary Prosecutor s Office after the 1979 revolution and in that position, he was actively involved in the arrest, torture and execution of thousands of political dissidents in Tehran. Deputy Chief of the Judiciary, Mullah Hadi Marvi, praised Mobasheri s record recently: Mr. Mobasheri is an active and well-known figure in the judiciary. In the early years of the revolution, he was working with Ayatollah Qoddusi to clamp down on the [Mojahedin] (State television, April 2, 2000). 2. As the resident religious judge in Evin prison since 1981, he issued countless orders for torture and execution of prisoners. 3. Mobasheri has personally issued decrees for the rape of women prisoners in Evin before their execution. REMARKS: There are hundreds of former prisoners in Evin who are prepared to testify on Mobasheri s crimes. Several former personnel of the Ministry of Intelligence are ready to give eyewitness testimony about Mobasheri s crimes against humanity in any trial. 74

75 Wanted for crimes against humaity Name: Ismail Family Name: Shoushtari POSITION IN 1988: Head of the State Prisons Organization, member of central death committee CURRENT POSITION: Minister of Justice since 1989 OTHER POSITIONS: Two-term Majlis deputy Senior official in Central Revolutionary Court Member of the Council of Senior Judicial Officials CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1- As the Head of the State Prisons Organization, Shoushtari played a key role in the overall coordination of the implementation of Khomeini s fatwa in prisons across the country. 2. As an active member of the central death committee in Tehran, he was involved in the approval of 10,000 executions in Tehran in the second half of He was appointed as Justice Minister the following year in appreciation of his services to the regime during the massacre of political prisoners. OTHER CHARGES: 1- As the Head of the State Prisons Organization for several years, Shoushtari was directly responsible for thousands of executions, systematic torture, and rape of women prisoners that went on in prisons under his authority. 2. Since 1989, Shoushtari has been Justice Minister and a key member on the Council of Senior Judicial Officials. He therefore bears direct responsibility for all the crimes of the mullahs judicial system throughout this period. 3. Shoushtari has played a significant role in the past two years to cover up the case of politically-motivated chain murders. COMMENTS: Many former political prisoners from Evin Prison are ready to testify on the crimes of Shoushtari and his role in the massacre of political prisoners in

76 Crime Against Humaity Name: Ali-Akbar Family Name: Velayati POSITION IN 1988: Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1981 to 1997 CURRENT POSITION: Advisor on international affairs to the Supreme Leader OTHER POSITIONS: Member of the Majlis CHARGES RELATED TO THE MASSACRE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1988: 1- After the first discussion among the top leaders of the regime about the massacre, Velayati was consulted about the international consequences of the carnage. He gave his full backing to the decision to massacre political prisoners. 2-As Foreign Minister, he led the regime s attempts to deceive the international public opinion on the massacre and conceal the dimensions of the killings. He was instrumental in barring any fact-finding visit to Iran by NGOs and UN rapporteurs. Once the massacre ended, he led the attempts to whitewash these crimes by arranging guided tours of the empty prisons. His role in this respect is comparable to the crimes of Joseph Goebbels in Nazi Germany. OTHER CHARGES: 1- In April 1997, a Berlin Court found Velayati guilty as a member of a secret four-man committee comprising the highest officials of the Islamic Republic who had to ratify all plans for the assassination of dissident Iranians abroad. 2. During his tenure as Foreign Minister, Velayati placed all the facilities of the Foreign Ministry at the disposal of the Revolutionary Guards and the Intelligence Ministry to carry out terrorist attacks on Iranian dissidents and also foreign targets in different countries around the world. PUBLIC STATEMENTS: Velayati: In this country, those who resort to armed insurgency must be killed. That s the law. Prisoners who have been executed in recent months belonged to the People s Mojahedin. Other executed prisoners had confessed to murder of political figures (Interview with Iran s Foreign Minister, the French weekly Le Point, February 5, 1989). 76

77 Wanted for crimes against humaity V Legal Grounds for the Establishment of an International Tribunal The most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole must not go unpunished and their effective prosecution must be ensured... (from the preamble of the Statute for the International Criminal Court, adopted in Rome on 17 July 1998) The National Council of Resistance of Iran calls for the establishment of a tribunal to try the leaders of the Iranian regime and other officials of this regime who have acted as the principal protagonists of the massacre of thousands of political prisoners in Iran in The carnage that went on in Iran s prisons in the second half of 1988 undoubtedly fits into the category of crimen contra omnes - crimes against all - in other words, crimes that are so serious as to mandate universal enforcement, jurisdiction, and responsibility. The call for the establishment of an international tribunal is fully based on international law and legal precedents: from the Nuremberg tribunal at the end of 77

78 Crime Against Humaity the Second World War to the international criminal tribunals for Rwanda and former Yugoslavia, mandated by UN Security Council resolutions. Crimes against humanity recognized by international law include the practice of systematic or widespread murder, torture, forced disappearances, deportation and forcible transfers, arbitrary detention and persecutions on political or other grounds. There is a huge body of irrefutable evidence to prove that hundreds of thousands of cases of these crimes have been perpetrated by the current Iranian regime. Much of the evidence has been documented and catalogued in testimonies, reports and resolutions by United Nations rapporteurs, the Commission on Human Rights, the General Assembly, international NGOs, victims or their families, former or serving officials of the regime, press reports, opposition organizations, etc. For many years, the National Council of Resistance of Iran has been calling on the Security Council to order the establishment of an international tribunal that would bring to justice Iranian officials responsible for crimes against humanity that include mass executions, systematic torture, ethnically- and religiously-motivated genocide, institutionalized discrimination against women and systematic rape of women and girls in prisons, persecution on political and cultural grounds, and terrorist attacks in many parts of the world. What bestows particular urgency and added justification to the establishment of a tribunal now is the recent revelation of a series of documents on the massacre of political prisoners in 1988 by Mr. Hossein-Ali Montazeri, the 79-year-old senior cleric who was for a decade the designated successor to the regime s Supreme Leader, Ruhollah Khomeini. It can be said with certainty that documents that so clearly show that orders for the massacre of thousands of political prisoners came from the highest authority in the country and involved the top echelons of the government and part of the state apparatus in a systematic and planned way are unique; there are no comparable documents of this clarity in other instances brought before justice by the international community in the past few decades. With such compelling evidence readily available, the failure of the international community - specifically the UN Security Council - to act promptly is wholly unjustifiable and exposes it to charges of double standards. If these crimes are to be left unpunished, a terrible injustice will have been perpetrated upon the tens of thousands of victims and survivors of these crimes, along with their families. The legal basis The NCR proposal for the tribunal is firmly based on international law and legal precedents. Each of these crimes against humanity have been recognized as crimes 78

79 International Tribunal under international law in international conventions or other international instruments, either expressly or as other inhumane acts, including in Article 6 (c) of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (1945) (murder, deportation and other inhumane acts and persecutions), Allied Control Council Law No. 10 (1946) (murder, deportation, imprisonment, torture and other inhumane acts and persecutions), Article 6 (c) of the Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (1946) (murder, deportation and other inhumane acts and persecutions), Article 2 (10) of the Draft Code of Offenses against the Peace and Security of Mankind (1954) (murder, deportation and persecutions), Article 5 of the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (1993) (murder, deportation, imprisonment, persecutions and other inhumane acts), Article 3 of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994) (murder, deportation, imprisonment, persecutions and other inhumane acts), Article 18 of the UN Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind (1996) (murder, torture, persecution, arbitrary imprisonment, arbitrary deportation or forcible transfer of population, forced disappearance of persons and other inhumane acts) and Article 7 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) (murder, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law, torture, persecution, enforced disappearance of persons and other inhumane acts). Historical and legal precedents The Treaty of Versailles at the end of the First World War recognized for the first time (in an international treaty) the principle of the punishment of war criminals. Under the relevant articles of the Treaty, Articles 228 through 230, the German government acknowledged the right of the Allies to bring before military tribunals individuals accused of acts in violation of the laws and customs of war, agreed that the accused would be tried in military tribunals and agreed to turn over all documents and information necessary to the tribunals. Although due to a compromise, the German government subsequently tried the defendants in national courts and gave them unduly light punishment for serious crimes, the principle was established in modern international law that authorization for the trial of war criminals can be established by treaty. In the wake of the Second World War, the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and France reached an agreement by which an international military tribunal was to be created to try the German war criminals. Accompanying the agreement was a Charter of the International Military Tribunal (the Nuremberg Charter ). The Nuremberg Charter s major contribution to international law was the notion of individual accountability for violations of international legal norms. The charter, 79

80 Crime Against Humaity in its Article 6, created three charges (Crimes Against Peace, War Crimes, and Crimes Against Humanity), and prohibited the defense of superior orders and likewise prohibited the defense of the Act of State. It was the third charge - Crimes Against Humanity - which was the major innovation among the charges. The Charter took a universalistic approach to these crimes, namely that the crimes are so heinous and grave in nature that they become international crimes against universally accepted concepts of morality. To bolster international support for the Charter, another 19 states expressed their adherence to its principles. The United Nations General Assembly, on December 11, 1946, unanimously affirmed the principles of the Nuremberg Charter. The Charter s principles thus became part of customary international law. Jurisdiction of the tribunal The main jurisdictional argument used for the Nuremberg Tribunal is that the crimes committed by the German leadership were so atrocious that there existed universal jurisdiction over them. The perpetrators of such crimes are deemed to be hostes humani generis, or common enemies of mankind. It was argued that the tribunal was created by the four powers on behalf of the entire world community of civilized nations, to bring to trial the major Nazi war criminals. The Charter s preamble states that the four nations were acting in the interests of all the United Nations. The logical conclusion of this specific jurisdictional basis of the Nuremberg Tribunal is that there are certain crimes for which universal jurisdiction exists and for which certain powers can act - on behalf of the world community - to prosecute the criminals. International customary law The crimes in question are recognized as crimes against humanity under international customary law (Article VI (c) of the International Law Commission s Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal, 1950). As the UN Secretary-General made clear in his report to the Security Council on the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, which has jurisdiction over crimes against humanity, the application of the principle of nullum crimen sine lege requires that the international tribunal should apply rules of international humanitarian law which are beyond any doubt part of customary law so that the problem of adherence of some but not all States to specific conventions does not arise (Report of the Secretary- General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (1993), UN Doc. S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 34). He also stated that [t]he part of conventional international humanitarian law 80

81 International Tribunal which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law includes the Nuremberg Charter (Ibid., para. 35). Moreover, crimes against humanity and the norms which regulate them form part of jus cogens (fundamental norms). As such, they are peremptory norms of general international law which, as recognized in Article 53 of the Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties (1969), cannot be modified or revoked by treaty or national law. That article provides that a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognized by the international community of states as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same character. The responsibility of states An amicus curae submitted to the panel of judges of the House of Lords by Amnesty International in October 1998 concerning the case of Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet stated: As the International Court of Justice recognized in Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Ltd. (ICJ, 1972 Report, p. 32), the prohibition in international law of acts, such as those alleged in this case, is an obligation erga omnes which all states have a legal interest in ensuring is implemented. This legal interest permits any state to exercise universal jurisdiction over persons suspected of committing crimes against humanity (M. Cherif Bassiouni, Crimes against Humanity (Dordrecht/Boston/ London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1992), pp ). On this basis, the National Council of Resistance calls on each member state of the United Nations to proceed with the arrest and prosecution of the leaders and top officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran on charges of crimes against humanity. A number of states, including Canada and France, have enacted legislation permitting their courts to exercise universal jurisdiction over crimes against humanity and a number of national courts are reported to have determined that they have jurisdiction over acts which amount to crimes against humanity. The French Court of Appeal referred to this fundamental rule of international law in the Barbie Case when it held that by reason of their nature, the crimes against humanity with which Barbie is indicted do not simply fall within the scope of French municipal law, but are subject to an international criminal order to which the notions of frontiers and extradition rules arising therefrom are completely foreign (Fédération Nationale des Déportés et Internés Résistants et Patriotes and Others v. Barbie, Cour de Cassation (Chambre Criminel), Judgment, 6 October 1983). The UN Special Rapporteur on torture, Nigel Rodley, before he assumed that post concluded more than a decade ago that permissive universality of jurisdiction 81

82 Crime Against Humaity [over torture] is probably already achieved under general international law (Nigel Rodley, The Treatment of Prisoners under International Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1987) p. 107). Every state which is a party to the UN Convention against Torture (including the United Kingdom, Belgium, Chile, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden and the United States) is under a solemn duty under Article 7 (1) of that treaty to extradite anyone found in its jurisdiction alleged to have committed torture or to submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution. The absence of immunity Those responsible for torture, genocide and other crimes against humanity cannot invoke immunity or special privileges as a means of avoiding criminal or civil responsibility. The fundamental rule of international law that there is no immunity under international law for heads of state and public officials for crimes against humanity has been long established. It is simply a specific example of the general rule of international law recognized in the Treaty of Versailles of 28 June of 1919 that immunities of heads of state under international law have limits, particularly when crimes under international law are involved. The Allies had planned to bring Adolf Hitler, the head of state of Germany, to justice for crimes under international law. Article 7 of the Nuremberg Charter expressly provided: The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or responsible officials in Government Departments, shall not be considered as freeing them from responsibility or mitigating punishment. In its Judgment, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg declared: Crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced (Nuremberg Judgment, supra, p. 41). The fundamental rule of international law that heads of state and public officials do not enjoy immunity for crimes against humanity has also been consistently reaffirmed for more than half a century by the international community, the last major instance being Article 27 of the Statute for the International Criminal Court, adopted in Rome on 17 July The international law rule which provides that there is no immunity for heads of states or public officials for crimes against humanity is buttressed by the exclusion of statutes of limitation and the prohibition of asylum for persons responsible for such crimes. An appeal for justice It is clear, as far as international law is concerned, that all states have universal 82

83 International Tribunal jurisdiction over torture, extrajudicial executions, genocide and other crimes against humanity and they have a duty to bring the perpetrators of such crimes to justice in their own courts, to extradite them to a state willing to do so or to surrender them to an international criminal court with jurisdiction over these crimes. The National Council of Resistance of Iran once again draws the attention of all member-states of the United Nations to the irrefutable evidence proving the massacre of thousands of political prisoners in Iran in 1988, an act that clearly fits into the definition of crimes against humanity. The NCR urges member-states to arrest and prosecute the leaders of the Iranian regime, who are responsible for this crime. 83

84

85 VI Eyewitnesses speak out A collection of reports and accounts of the massacre by some of the few survivors All we know for sure is when it began. The massacre of political prisoners in Iran began on Wednesday, July 31, By the time it finally ended in January 1989, the huge population of political prisoners throughout the country had been reduced to an insignificant number of survivors. Nobody really knows exactly how many political prisoners were executed in the massacre. Even the top officials who were responsible for carrying out Khomeini s fatwa to liquidate political prisoners do not possess accurate figures as to how many perished in the carnage. Khomeini s written orders to religious judges and revolutionary prosecutors across the country were explicit: Annihilate the enemies of Islam as quickly as you can. In the great haste to fulfill his command, Khomeini s henchmen often did not bother with details such as recording or reporting the exact number of executions, or even registering the identities of victims. Over a decade later, hitherto undisclosed information about the massacre of political prisoners in 1988 keeps popping up from Evin and Gohardasht prisons in Tehran to prisons in remote parts of the country. The survivors of the holocaust are few and, among them, some are still languishing in jails, while many have lost their mental balance. A former prisoner who spent 15 years in jail and witnessed the massacre said: It was autumn when they gathered the surviving prisoners from different prisons of Tehran in Evin. The massacre machine was grinding to a halt, but sporadic executions continued here or there. We were taken from Gohardasht prison to Evin.

86 Crime Against Humaity The prison population in Evin was so badly decimated in the massacre that by now we, the Gohardasht survivors, outnumbered the inmates in what had been, up to then, by far the country s largest and most populated prison. We still could not grasp the depth of the catastrophe. Our most dominating feeling was one of shame and guilt for having stayed alive while so many had perished. When they finally allowed family visits to resume after several months of isolating prisoners from the outside world, we felt ashamed to face the visitors. By then news of the massacre had reached the outside world. Our families were overjoyed to see us alive, but we could feel the obvious question on their mind: why were we among the few survivors of the carnage? We tried to make this inferno more bearable by collecting the names of victims. We listed the names of 6,450 male inmates executed in Tehran s prisons alone. We had no knowledge of the number and names of executed women. But even as far as the executed male prisoners in Tehran were concerned, our list was incomplete. We learnt later of wards in Evin where all prisoners - down to the last man - had been executed, with not a single survivor to tell the story. We did not even know their names... We made an attempt to send the list outside through the family of an inmate, but it was discovered by the regime. The result of painstaking research and laborious efforts to compile a comprehensive list of victims was destroyed. Some months later, we received information from other parts of the country, from Shiraz, Mashad, Kermanshah, Sanandaj, Qom, Rasht, Babol, Sari, Ghaemshahr, Zahedan, and so on. In the majority of these cities, all political prisoners had been executed. In Tehran and in all other cities, thousand of ex-prisoners who had served their sentences and been released years before that, were re-arrested and taken directly to the amnesty committee [These committees, set up for the summary trial of prisoners, were nicknamed death committees by prisoners]... Those who were not prepared to condemn the Mojahedin were taken to the gallows directly... Paving the way Even before the public revelation that the massacre had taken place on Khomeini s direct orders, it became clear, through eyewitness accounts and other reports, that the carnage was a deliberate policy of the Iranian government, aimed at shoring up the clerical state s loosening grip on power. Amnesty International stated in a report after the carnage that the massacre of political prisoners was a premeditated and coordinated policy which must have been authorized at the highest level of government. There are numerous indications that the policy to exterminate political prisoners had been in the pipelines for a long time. In March 1988, Massoud Moghbeli, a Mojahedin sympathizer, was taken from Evin to Komiteh Moshtarak prison in 86

87 Eyewitnesses Speak Out Tehran. There he was warned by prison authorities that we are going to settle scores with all of you in a bloody way. Tell your fellow inmates they had better make up their minds. Another ex-political prisoner, a witness to the massacre, says: There is no question that the carnage was planned well in advance. Long before it began, Lajevardi and Haj Davood, head of the Qezel Hessar prison, repeatedly told us that if they felt the regime s existence was seriously in jeopardy, they would not leave a single prisoner alive. We were told that they had put aside grenades to lob into every prison cell if the prison came under attack by Resistance forces. Another prisoner wrote: When it was announced that Khomeini had accepted the cease-fire with Iraq on July 18, 1988, and described it as drinking a chalice of poison, they took us with all our belongings to solitary cells. The trend of transferring prisoners to solitary cells was accelerated on July 24, a week before the massacre began. On July 25 or 26, a prison guard came to our cell and gave us a form to fill in. I was sharing the cell with Reza Shemirani and Amir Abdollahi, who were later executed during the massacre. The form asked one s name, surname, father s name, political tendency, whether one had been re-arrested, and one s signature. In a highly unusual way, the guard did not utter a word and left us to fill in the forms. We wrote Mojahedin Organization as our tendency. When the guard returned, we were even more surprised as he asked us why we had not written the name of the organization in full. (Up to that time, if a prisoner mentioned the name of the Mojahedin, he or she would be severely tortured.) So we wrote People s Mojahedin Organization of Iran and handed him the completed forms. He smiled and walked out. An ex-political prisoner recalls the days preceding the launch of the massacre: The early signs of the regime s decision to liquidate political prisoners surfaced in the autumn of 1987, when prisoners were separated into two groups of Mojahedin and non-mojahedin. In Gohardasht prison, those condemned to life imprisonment were transferred to Evin and the rest were divided into two groups of under- and over-ten-year terms. Families of some prisoners were told that the prisoners fate would be decided after June. Visits banned The most ominous sign that something was afoot came in mid-july, when all of a sudden family visits were banned. Families, anxious to hear about their loved ones fate in jails, were turned away from prison gates with no clear explanation. This total darkness continued for three months. Inside, guards spread the word that an amnesty committee had been formed, which would interview each prisoner in order to issue a general amnesty. Few believed the guards, but the move, coming in the wake of the ban on family visits, gave rise to 87

88 Crime Against Humaity much speculation among prisoners as to what the real intentions of the regime were. It did not take long for the truth to emerge. The death committee The amnesty committee began its work at Evin prison on Wednesday, July 27. The first series of prisoners taken to be interviewed by the committee were executed that same evening. Yet the majority of prisoners in the wards knew nothing of what was going on. Many inmates had been moved to solitary cells several days earlier, so that less people would get to know about the executions. But after a few groups of prisoners were processed by the amnesty committee, it became clear to prisoners that death and nothing else awaited them in that committee room. Prisoners immediately nicknamed it the death committee and the name stuck. The committee consisted of Jaafar Nayyeri, a mullah who headed Tehran s Court of First Instance, Morteza Eshraghi, the Tehran prosecutor general, and Mostafa Pourmohammadi, the representative of the Intelligence Ministry. Mohammad Moghisse i, also known as Nasserian, governor of Gohardasht prison, and Mullah Hossein Mortazavi, governor of Evin prison, sat on the committee when it met in their prisons. Former prisoner, who has personally witnessed many of the executions, says: In the heat of the massacre, the governor of Gohardasht prison was heard screaming in the middle of the ward: We will no longer have prisoners. This is the Imam s decree. If a prisoner maintains his positions, he will be executed. If he has recanted and abandoned political activity, then he will be freed. We are going to empty these prisons. The death committee would work three days in Evin, and then would move to Gohardasht and hold summary trials for the inmates there. A trial never lasted more than a few minutes. It resembled more an interrogation session, complete with torture, than a court hearing. The committee concentrated chiefly on Mojahedin prisoners, who made up more than 90 per cent of political prisoners. Then-Chief Justice Moussavi Ardebil said in an interview with the state radio on August 6, 1988: The judiciary is under tremendous pressure... People ask why we do not execute them, while they should all be executed. The judiciary is no longer going to take a lot of trouble taking files to and from courthouses. Another report states that the death committee spent the days July 30 and 31, and August 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 16 in Gohardasht prison. Members of the death committee or at least one of them would attend each series of executions to certify that the verdict had been carried out. After a ten-day lull, the committee resumed its work in Gohardasht on August 27. The price of staying alive 88

89 Eyewitnesses Speak Out When a prisoner was brought before the members of the death committee, he would invariably be asked this question: What is your political affiliation? Those who said Mojahedin would be told to leave; their names would be placed in the execution column, which would then be carried out within hours or a day. The ones who said Monafeqin [regime s derogatory term for the Mojahedin] would then face further questions: - Are you prepared to divulge and condemn the Monafeqin in a televised interview? - Are you prepared to fight the Monafeqin alongside the forces of the Islamic Republic? - Are you prepared to put the noose around the neck of an active member of the Monafeqin? - Are you prepared to clear minefields for the army of the Islamic Republic? A negative answer to any one of these questions would be sufficient to guarantee the execution of the prisoner. Supporters of the Mojahedin were the first to face the death committee. Other inmates received information on these trials through Morse messages. Similar death committees had been formed in all provinces to implement Khomeini s orders for the mass execution of all Mojahedin prisoners. The death committee in Evin On the afternoon of Wednesday, July 27, the first batch of prisoners were taken to the amnesty committee, as it was then called. They were there until 10 pm. These inmates were all taken from individual cells in the building called the Dormitory, and were all prisoners whose cases had not been decided to that date. All of them were executed the same evening. One of the prisoners reported that on the same day, during a transfer between the Dormitory and his ward, he ran into a non-political prisoner welding iron pipes, who warned him : Watch out, we are making several series of these hanging gallows each with 5 hanging ropes. As the death committee began its work, a state of emergency was declared in Evin prison. All telephone lines except a single line were cut off, so that Revolutionary Guards and prison officials could not contact anyone outside the prison. Interrogators, torturers and wardens were not permitted to leave the prison. An ex-prisoner says: I saw a guard who begged the prison governor for hours, telling him: My wife is dying, for God s sake, let me leave for two hours and see what is going on, but the prison chief would not let him go. On the day the executions began, they shut the prison gate and declared a state of emergency. On August 14, 15 and 16, 860 bodies belonging to executed political prisoners 89

90 Crime Against Humaity were transferred from Evin prison to Beheshte Zahra cemetery in Tehran. Another prisoner writes that, as an example, from hall no. 6 of Evin prison where 104 prisoners were kept, only four people survived and 100 were executed. The death committee in Gohardasht The death committee began its work in Gohardasht prison on July 30. The first group were political prisoners from the city of Mashad who had been transferred to Gohardasht. They were all supporters of the Mojahedin and the death committee did not even spend the normal few minutes on their cases. A witness recalls the nightmare of those days: On Friday, July 29, guards raided our ward and searched the whole place and the prisoners. We learnt afterwards that they were looking for documents or anything which could be used to speed up mass executions. The next day, the death committee formally began its job and the guards began preparing the massacre. Group after group of prisoners were transferred to solitary cell. After a retrial that lasted no more than a few minutes, the death sentence would be issued and the prisoner would be executed the same day. The executions took part in the assembly hall called Hosseinieh. The ropes were suspended from the high ceiling. The prisoners, blindfolded and hands-tied, were led onto the stage in groups of 10 to 15. There the guards would place the noose around their necks. Nasserian, the prison governor, would then hang each one by kicking him from behind and throwing him off the stage. Members of the death committee attended the execution sessions. Another ex-prisoner, who personally witnessed some of the executions, recounts his sordid observations: In the killing hall, where people were hanged, Nasserian and his deputy Abbassi tried hard to execute as many as they could. In order to speed up the process, if they felt that an inmate hanging from the gallows was still alive, they would grab his feet and pull down his body with all their weight to finish him off. In several cases, when they lowered the body, they noticed that the victim was still alive, but Nasserian would say no problem and would order the guards to bring the next batch of prisoners on the stage; the victim would be taken to mass graves along with other corpses and buried alive. Reports from Gohardasht show that the few who survived the massacre did so in the most unlikely circumstances. Some prisoners condemned to death by the committee were saved by prison guards, who sent to the gallows prisoners they hated instead of them. More confusion resulted from the fact that prisoners were transferred from different prisons and moved to different wards in one prison. Due to this confusion, there were cases of mistaken executions. A prisoner writes: It was the turn of Massoud Daliri, a Mojahedin supporter, to appear before the death committee, but it coincided with the guards lunch break. They returned Massoud to the corridor 90

91 Eyewitnesses Speak Out and left for lunch. But when other guards lined up those whose trial had finished to take them to the gallows, Massoud was taken with them and was hanged in the execution hall. After their lunch break, the guards called out Massoud Daliri s name to take him to the committee, only to find out that he had already been hanged. An ex-prisoner who witnessed the massacre writes: In Evin I met a man named Fat hollah Pirkanaan, who came from a remote village in Gilan (northern Iran). He was imprisoned on grounds of sympathizing with the Mojahedin. He was pressured to condemn Mojahedin s viewpoints, but he refused. They told him that all his fellow activists had been executed, and that he would soon join them. He did not believe them, until they took him to the basement of the infamous Ward 209, the main torture chamber of Evin, and removed his blindfolds. He was shocked by the large number of bodies of executed prisoners hanged there, so much so that for six months, he did not utter a word on this to anyone. The view from the Workshop Saeed Amirkhizi was arrested in 1986 because of his sister s activities and spent five years in prison. A paraplegic, he was able to deceive his interrogators and make them believe he was not politically oriented. Contrary to most prisoners, Saeed spent most of his time in Evin prison s workshop. This was where hand-picked prisoners could work outside their ward, and be exposed to information other inmates were unable to obtain. He writes: New arrests were on the rise as 1988 began, and the influx of new prisoners increased day by day. The important point was that many among the new detainees were ex-prisoners. After Nowrouz, the Iranian New Year, in March 1988, the authorities adopted a more Draconian approach to prisoners. Outdoor times were further limited and group exercises were prohibited. After accepting the cease-fire [in the Iran-Iraq war], the authorities brought in torturers like Ramezani, Abbas Khazai, Mossayeb,... all notorious for their brutality. Prisoners movement within the prison was severely restricted. They did not let newspapers in and television sets were removed from prison wards. The unbreakables and those who had not yet received a verdict were evacuated from Ward 2 and Ward 4 over a few days. Those staying in the wards, including myself, still knew nothing about the massacre that had begun. We had not been summoned by the committee. Afterwards, we heard that Mojtaba Halvai, an influential security officer and head torturer in Evin, had tried more than once to take those of us who were in the Workshop to the committee, but had failed because the committee was short of time. The executions took place in Ward 209. We learnt through a guard that had installed a multiple-galley beam at the visitors hall and were hanging people there. 91

92 Crime Against Humaity One day, as I was walking to the workshop, Ramezani rushed in a hurry and pushed everybody into the wards or the courtyard. I was standing behind a door, where I could hear a lot of people coming and going. I opened the door, but before Ramezani saw me and kicked the door shut, I was able to catch a glimpse of a group of haggard soldiers in rag-tag uniforms. Afterwards, we learnt that Iranian soldiers who had disobeyed orders to fight the National Liberation Army in its operation Eternal Light had been brought there and executed. Some of their families came to Evin to visit them, but they were insulted and turned away by the Revolutionary Guards. One of the Guards jeered them: These cowards surrendered themselves to women; they deserve to be executed... The intensity of the executions was so much that it actually affected the guards themselves. Even these cruel torturers, who had been tormenting and executing prisoners for years, were astonished by this level of cruelty and barbarity. Haj Amjad, a guard who used to quarrel with everybody and was famous for his short temper and brutality, became unbelievably quiet and introverted after the carnage. He became a chain smoker, always lost in deep thought. Another torturer named Mohammad Allahbakhshi was in a similar situation. The same fate beset many others, who in the past treated the prisoners harshly and brutally. The authorities never allowed such guards to stay in prisons for long and transferred them to other places. They even gave some of them a higher position in a bid to buy off their continuing loyalty. The spreading carnage One former prisoner talks in his testimony about the discussions he and his fellow prisoners had at the time about the extent of the executions: There were 26 prisoners in Section 6 of Gohardasht prison - each prison has several wards and each ward several sections. All 26 appeared before the death committee on the very first day the committee began its work in Gohardasht. All 26 were executed on that very day. Out of 25 inmates in Section 14, which also included some who had been brought there from Khorassan province, 15 prisoners were hanged. In my own section, there were 45 prisoners; 23 were executed. In Section 13, with 30 to 40 inmates, only six or seven survived the killings. In Ward 2 in Gohardasht, there were 200 prisoners when the massacre began; only 70 survived. In the first two days, 150 to 180 people were executed each day. O, history, remember was scrawled on every wall in Gohardasht by prisoners about to be executed. Another witness wrote: From a group of 150 political prisoners in a ward, only seven survived; 143 inmates were executed during the massacre. 92

93 Eyewitnesses Speak Out A massacre bordering on genocide An ex-prisoner recounts: The regime had decided to physically eliminate all political prisoners. We saw Jaafar Hashemian, along with 11 other Mojahedin prisoners, as they were being taken for execution. These inmates had been transferred from Mashad to Adelabad prison in Shiraz and then to Dizelabad in Kermanshah and in the end to Gohardasht prison in Karaj. Another prisoner, Hossein Farsi, recalls: Gholamreza Kiakojouri told me: I took back my word today. The day before, he had accepted the regime s conditions when questioned by the committee, thinking that this was part of a general amnesty. Realizing that there was no amnesty, he told the committee the next day that he was a supporter of the People s Mojahedin; a sure way of ending up on the gallows. Gholamreza was executed a few days later. A former woman prisoner writes: I had known a member of the Mojahedin named Zahra Khosravi for a year and a half only by exchanging Morse codes which we tapped on cell walls in Gohardasht. The day she was taken to the committee, I received this message from her: I am Zahra Khosravi. They have given me 20 minutes to write my will before they take me for execution. Another eyewitness notes: Majid Pour-Ramezan became a Mojahedin supporter in prison. The committee members told him his life would be spared if he did not identify himself as a Mojahedin sympathizer. But he refused to give in and told them: When I decided to become a supporter of the Mojahedin, I made up my mind to be with them in all the ups and downs, under torture and execution. His execution decree was signed on August 3, The same witness has written in another part of his testimony: Dariush Kaynejad was a Zoroastrian and supported the Mojahedin. He was arrested in 1984 and we were together until 1987, when he completed his prison term. But they did not release him, because he did not accept to appear in a television interview to condemn the Mojahedin. He was executed on August 3, Angel of death turns to non-mojahedin At the end of August, the death committee, which had by then executed thousands of the Mojahedin, turned to other prisoners. The procedures followed practically the same course. Here is a short account of how six non-mojahedin prisoners appeared before the death committee: The six were asked if they prayed or read the Quran. They replied that they did not. They were then asked whether their fathers had read the Quran. Four of them answered yes and two of them no. After some discussion between members of the committee, it was decided that those who had not been brought up in a religious family were not as guilty as those whose parents were 93

94 Crime Against Humaity religious, because the former group had not been brought up as believers. Consequently, the two men whose fathers had not prayed were spared, but the other four were executed. Another witness writes: The regime began dealing with other prisoners, but not with the same ferocity as it had done with Mojahedin prisoners. They were often asked about performing daily prayers. Those who did not pray were flogged. Marxists had to convert to Islam, but a number of them were executed anyway... An ex-prisoner writes: Towards the end of August, non-mojahedin prisoners also found their way to solitary cells. The main question concerning these people was whether they were Muslim or atheist. They were not asked about their political viewpoints. If somebody said he was an atheist, they would ask him whether his father was also an atheist. If his father had been a Muslim, they would receive the death penalty for apostasy. But if their father had been an atheist, they would receive a lighter sentence. Those who told the committee that they were Muslims would be sent back to their cells and would be told to perform religious duties, and for every missed prayer, they would receive as many as 30 lashes a day. A large number refused to pray in the beginning, but when they saw that the officials were serious and had many of them flogged for not performing prayers, they grudgingly began to pray. The officials assembled all these prisoners in two wards, and assigned a guard as their prayer leader. All of them had to do common prayers with the guard. 94

95 Eyewitnesses Speak Out VII Mass Graves Discovery of scores of secret graves where the bodies of the victims of mass executions were buried The 1988 massacre gave rise to the phenomenon of mass graves. Every day hundreds of people in Evin and more in Gohardasht and other prisons in Tehran and in prisons all over Iran were being executed. The regime s agents did not have the time to bury them one by one, so the only way was to bury them in mass graves. This method had been used occasionally in Tehran and other cities since 1981, but in 1988 it became a systematic procedure in the major cities. A witness recalls: The scale of the massacre was so vast that bodies of the executed were carried away on trucks to mass graves. I was able to see the truck from between metal window shades covered with a canvas sheet in order to hide the mess. Amnesty International recorded similar observations in its report: One woman described to AI how she had dug up the corpse of an executed man with her bare hands as she searched for her husband s body in Jadeh Khavaran cemetery in Tehran in August 1988 in a part of the cemetery colloquially known as Lanatabad,(the place of the damned), reserved for the bodies of executed political prisoners. The woman described the gruesome sight in her own words: Groups of bodies, some clothed, some in shrouds, had been buried in unmarked shallow graves in the section of the cemetery reserved for executed leftist political prisoners. The stench of the corpses was appalling but I started digging with my hands because it was 95

96 Crime Against Humaity important for me and my two little children that I locate my husband s grave. The Amnesty report added: She unearthed a body with its face covered in blood but when she cleaned it off she saw it was not her husband. Other relatives visiting the graveyard discovered her husband s grave some days latter. A member of a communist group, he had been arrested in early 1985, tortured over several months and convicted after a summary trial at which, as a result of his torture, he was barely conscious. He never learned what his sentence was. His wife had been turned away from Evin Prison on a regular visiting day in early August, and had then started her quest for information which led her to the unmarked grave. A report dated February 3, 1996, said that during excavation by Avand Construction Company in the Khavaran district of southern Tehran, a huge mass grave was discovered. This mass grave contained hundreds of bodies of prisoners executed in the summer of After the news spread, hundreds of people rushed to the scene, but police and security forces sealed off the district and dispersed the crowd by firing into the air. The next day a number of employees of the company were arrested on charges of spreading the news. In autumn 1988, officials would inform families of the execution of their loved ones. In some cases, prison authorities informed relatives when they went to the prison for routine visits with prisoners. This led to protests by the families who would gather outside the prison, so alternative methods were sought. It seems that the majority of relatives were informed by telephone that they should refer to Islamic Revolutionary komitehs [a branch of Revolutionary Guards acting like a paramilitary police force] to obtain information about their imprisoned relatives. There they would be told of the execution and they would be further asked to give a written commitment not to hold any funeral or remembrance services for the executed. Family members would not be told where their loved ones were buried, and even if they managed to find out, they would not be permitted to place a tombstone on the unmarked grave. An Amnesty Internationa report noted: An Iranian who left Iran in late 1988 told AI how his family had learned of the execution of his brother, Hossein. In November 1988 the family received a telephone call instructing the father to go to Evin Prison to receive information about Hossein. Hossein s father and wife went to the prison where they were told that Hossein had been executed because he was not repentant and had not been improved by his imprisonment. They were not informed where his body was, and were told that they should not hold any funeral ceremony. Hossein had been held in Gohardasht Prison in Karaj where he was serving a 15 year sentence for activities in support of the PMOI. Hossein had been arrested in His brother told AI that at that time Hossein had been involved in political activities for the PMOI: collecting money and distributing leaflets and newspapers. The mother of a 39-year-old woman executed in Evin Prison wrote to AI 96

97 Mass Graves describing a similar experience. Her daughter had been arrested in 1982 when she was found in possession of leaflets produced by the PMOI. She had been tried by an Islamic Revolutionary Court but never informed of the sentence passed on her. For six years the mother had visited her daughter every two weeks. In early August 1988 her visits were stopped without explanation. In November 1988 she received a telephone call telling her to go to the Islamic Revolutionary komiteh near Beheshte Zahra cemetery, where she was informed of her daughter s execution. She was instructed not to hold any mourning ceremony and was not informed where the body was buried. A former political prisoner says: In the month of Mehr (beginning September 23) family visits that had been suspended before the beginning of the massacre resumed. In the meeting hall, prison officials were keeping a watchful eye on the prisoners to make sure they would not inform their relatives of the massacre. But the families were already informed, and even tried to raise their spirits. Families managed to signal to the prisoners that relatives of the executed had gathered in front of Gohardasht Prison. But the regime had refused to inform them of the fate of their loved ones, and so the families began protesting. The families were told that their imprisoned relatives were executed because they wanted to stage an uprising in the prison and raise slogans against the Imam and Islam. Meanwhile, relatives, especially mothers, suffered a lot, and a number of them died of heart attacks. Others cursed the agents with hatred. Afraid of the spread of the protests, the regime acted quickly and dispersed the families. Another witness testifies: I was told by the mothers of the martyrs that when they came to Evin to ask about their children, they had decided between themselves that if they were told of their loved ones execution, they would not weep or mourn in front of the regime s agents. When a mother, on being told that her son had been executed, just said let us thank the Almighty, the agents became furious... The relatives of prisoners executed during this period began to gather regularly in Beheshte Zahra cemetery in Tehran on Fridays. The mother of a 42-year-old man, who had been arrested in 1983 and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment before being executed in Karaj prison, wrote to her daughter outside Iran about one of these gatherings: On Friday all the mothers along with family members got together and we went to the graveyard. What a day of mourning; it was like Ashura! [ a religious occasion of particular importance to Shi a Muslims, commemorating the martyrdom of Prophet Mohammad s grandson Hossein]. Mothers came with pictures of theirs sons; one had lost five sons and daughters-in-law. Finally, the Guards came and dispersed us. A former prisoner testifies: In December [1988] we were finally permitted to have a visit. It was a bewildering sight. Families came to visit us with such a high 97

98 Crime Against Humaity morale. I remember my father and my mother came to visit me. They had been sent several times from Gohardasht to Evin and back and finally in a desperate call at Gohardasht they were able to see me. My father looked me in the eyes when our interphone communication was established and asked why I was still smiling. I said what else could I do? He told me it was fine to be always smiling and cited a verse from the Quran and continued: Do you know what happened to Hassan (my brother)? I said yes. He said he was happy with what the Almighty had decided for him. I was surprised to see a father say this on the death of his son. 98

99 Mass Graves The mass graves listed on the following pages are located in different cities across the country. They have been located by local residents, eyewitnesses, former prisoners, families of victims, or from testimonies by former prison officials. 1 - Ahwaz, Khuzistan Province 2 - Amol, Mazandaran Province 3 - Arak, Central Province 4 - Bandar Anzali, Gilan Province 5 - Borazjan, Bushehr Province 6 - Gatchsaran, Kohkiluyeh Province 7 - Gonbad, Mazandaran Province 8 - Gorgan, Golestan Province 9 - Hamedan, Hamedan Province 10 - Isfahan, Isfahan Province 11 - Kerman, Kerman Province 12 - Kermanshah, Kermanshah Province 13 - Lahijan, Gilan Province 14 - Mashad, Khorassan Province 15 - Orumieh, West Azerbaijan Province 16 - Qazvin, Qazvin Province 17 - Saleh-Abad, Ilam Province 18 - Shiraz, Fars Province 19 - Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province 20 - Tehran, Tehran Province 21 - Zahedan, Sistan & Baluchistan Province 99

100 Crime Against Humaity AHWAZ, KHUZISTAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Susangerd-Ahwaz highway., Past Afagh village, near Jihad cemetery. II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial August 1988 IV -Names of some of the victims 1 - Ehterami, Seyyed Mehdi 2- Fatemi, Seyyed Mohammad 3 - Firooz-Zadeh 4 - Hadi pour 5 - Hessami, Seifollah 6 - Kalakach, Massoud 7 - Kalantar, Ardeshir 8 - Ka abi, Jaber 9 - Makyandi, Bijan 10 - Moussapour, Bahman 11 - Rassulnejad, Saleh 12 - Shahin Susangerd Junction To Susangerd Afagh Village 4.5 KM Mass Grave Jihad Cemetery 100

101 Mass Graves AHWAZ, KHUZISTAN PROVINCE I- Grave site This mass grave is on Kut Abdollah Rd., near Behesht Abad cemetery. II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III - Date of burial August 3, 1988 IV - Names of some of the victims 1- Abbasian, Behrooz 2 - Afri, Zahra 3 - Ahmadian Moghadass, Ahmad 4 - Akhlaghi, Zahra 5 - Bagheri, Mehrdad 6 - Bagheri, Parvin 7 - Bagheri, Zeinab 8 - Dehghanzadeh, Mahmoud 9 - Faridan-Esfahani, Sadeq 10 - Ghahremanj, Bijan 11 - Havaji-Nia, Farhang 12 - Kafi-Tehrani, Jaber 13 - Keykavoosi, Fereidoon 14 - Makvandi, Gholam Hossein 15 - Omidian, Mohammad Reza 16 - Salehi, Ali-Akbar 17 - Sharaf Assadi, Bahram 18 - Sharifi, Changiz Behesht Abad Cemetery Victims are buried here. (Cemented area) Victims are buried here. (Cemented area) 2 KM 101

102 Crime Against Humaity AHWAZ, KHUZISTAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Near Chaharshir police station, Ramhormuz junction II - Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial August 3, 1988 IV - Names of some of the victims 1 - Afshar, Akbar 2 - Layegh, Shahpour 3 - Mohammad-Rezaii, Azim 4 - Rashidian, Gholam-Hossein Victims are buried here. (Cemented area) Ahwaz Chaharshir Ramhormuz Junction Police Station 102

103 Mass Graves AMOL, MAZANDARAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Amol, Taleb Amoli St., next to Amol sports stadium. A 4-5 km stretch of dirt road, II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial October 1988 IV - Names of victims 1 - Afzali, Ismail 2 - Izadi, Mahmoud To Amol City Center 17th of Shahrivar Sq. 800 meters To Amol City Center Taleb Amoli St. Amol Sports Stadium To Mahmoud-Abad and Caspian coast 103

104 Crime Against Humaity ARAK, CENTRAL PROVINCE I - Grave site Most graves located on Arak-Boroujed Highway, 5 km outside Arak. II - Number of victims Dozens buried here. III- Date of burial: Unknown IV - Names of victims 1 - Dajgah, Jamshid 2 - Ms. Dajgah (Jamshid s sister) 3 - Sharifi, Majid BANDAR ANZALI, GILAN PROVINCE I- Grave site Kalvir public cemetery in Bandar Anzali. II- Number of victims A group of 20 and a group of 30 (possibly all women) are buried here. III- Date of burial August 1988 IV - Names of some of the victims 1- Abedi 2- Azad 3- Babri 4- Bagheri 5- Houshmand 6- Key Azad 7- Sami 8- Senjedian 9- Shahrebani, Reza 10- Shokoufeh 11- Yavari 104

105 Mass Graves BANDAR ANZALI, GILAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Ab-Kenar neighborhood, newly built prison. Mass grave is located in the middle of prison yard. II- Number of victims At least 16 victims from Ab-Kenar neighborhood. III- Date of burial: After the cease-fire in the Iran-Iraq war in Summer BORAZJAN, BUSHEHR PROVINCE I - Grave site 2 km from Borazjan-Gonaveh highway., on the right side of the road, near a shrine. II - Number of victims Dozens buried here. III- Date of burial: August 1988 IV - Names of victims 1- Bahadori, from Kazeroon, Bekr viliage. GACHSARAN, KOHKILUYEH PROVINCE I - Grave site Gatchsaran cemetery II- Number of victims Dozens buried here. III- Date of burial 1981 & 1988 IV - Names of victims I - Barazandeh, Masoumeh 2 - Masihi, Parviz 3 - Taghavi, Moussa 4- Zamani, Farhad Bonyad Shahid Housing Dept. of Education Housing Cemetery Mass Grave Taleghani Tech. School 105

106 Crime Against Humaity GONBAD, GOLESTAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Behind Imamzadeh zeid. 1 km out of city. II- Number of victims Dozens buried here III- Date of burial: 1982, 1989 IV - Names of victims 1 - Ajil-Lou 2 - Assadollahi, Reza GORGAN, GOLESTAN PROVINCE I- Grave site Behind Imamzadeh Abdollah, Bahai s cemetery. II - Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial: October 1988 IV - Names of victims 1- Ankoob, Hassan 2- Dowlati, Ramezan 3- Ebrahim-Pour, AIi-Akbar 4- Mansourian, Nasser 5- Moradzadeh, Hossein 6- Rahim-Nejad, Tahmoures GORGAN, GOLESTAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Golestan forest II- Number of victims Dozens buried here. III- Date ofburial Unknown IV - Names of victims 1- Akbari 2- Feizollah 3- Kordi, Behzad 4- MaIIah 106

107 Mass Graves HAMEDAN, HAMEDAN PROVINCE I- Gravesite City cemetery, Malayer highway, Bagh-e-Behesht Zahra, on the right hand side of the highway, past war victims graves. II - Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III - Date of burial City s Cemetery July 1988 War Victims Block IV - Names of victims Martyrs Graves 1 - Khorshid Vash, Abbas 2 - Rayhani, Ahmad Malayer Highway 3 - Sabouhi, Jalil V- Remarks The victims are buried on the western and northern ends of the cemetery. Most tomb stones are intact, with the date of execution written on them, ISFAHAN, ISFAHAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Isfahan, Bagh-e Rezvan cemetery, Block 41 II - Number of victims More than 350 are buried here. III- Date of burial Aug-Sept 1988 IV - Names of victims 1- Ahmadi, Fariba 2- Ahmadi, Farahnaz 3- Ahmadi, Mohammad 4- Asgari, Siroos 5- Assadi, Nader 6- Moniri, Abdolnar 107

108 Crime Against Humaity ISFAHAN, ISFAHAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Isfahan, Bagh-e Rezvan cemetery, blocks 5, 7, 8 & 9 II- Number of victims Dozens buried here. III- Date of burial October 1988 IV - Names ofvictims 1- Abbasi, Abdolreza 2- Abbasi, Mehrdad 3- Forouzandeh, Saied 4- Gol-Mohammadi, Ezzatollah 5- Keivani, Iraj 6- Sheidaii, Mansour KERMAN, KERMAN PROVINCE I - Grave site Road between Joupar and Kerman in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery known as Rah-Joupari Behesht-e Zahra. There are 14 graves on whose stones the year 1989 is marked. These are mass graves of political prisoners who were executed at this site during the night. Eight graves are in one row and six are in one column, perpendicular to one another. II - Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial March 1988 IV - Names of victims 1 - Kaffash-pour, Houshang (serving 5-year sentence), from Jiroft, 2 - Mirsardo, Lotfali (serving 5-year sentence), from Jiroft, 3 - Kamrani, Houshang (serving 30-year sentence), from Jiroft, 4 - Akbari, Mahmoud (serving 7-year sentence), from Jiroft, 5 - Ghanbari, Houshang (serving 5-year sentence), from Jiroft, 6 - Babaji, Alireza (serving 16-year sentence), 7 - Massoudi-far Alireza (serving 15-year sentence), from Bam, 108

109 Mass Graves 8 - Taj Gardan, Mahmoud (serving 6-year sentence), from Kerman, 9 - Farokh-Manesh, Mahmoud (serving 10-year sentence), from Babakm 10 - Mohammadi, Panahandeh (serving 5-year sentence), from Kerman, 11 - Bakhshaii, Mahmoud (serving 10-year sentence). Two of his brothers, one in Tehran and the other in Mashad were executed in He was from Babak and his sister is a secondary school teacher in Sirjan, 12 - Morshedi, Mohammad Ali (serving 7-year sentence) from Babak Mohammad-Zadeh, Mohsen, 18 years old, (serving 5-year sentence). He was imprisoned in 1984 and his brother, Mohammad Reza Mohammad- Zadeh, was executed in 1981 in Kerman at the age of 16. Her sister, serving a 10-year term was executed in Evin in March 1989, after six yenrs of captivity, 14 - Roudari Geram (serving 15-year term), imprisoned for seven years, KERMANSHAH, KERMANSHAH PROVINCE I - Grave site Bagh-e Ferdows, Silo St., near children s graves, west of the city s cemetery. The regime has named it La nat Abad (The place of the damned), II- Number of victims Dozens buried here. III- Date of burial November 1988, January 1989 IV - Names of victims 1 - Kashanian, Kiomars 2 - Kashanian, Parichehr 3 - Dowlatshahi, Victoria 4 - Amiri, Nasrin V - Remarks Graves have no names or identifications. The families have marked them with different objects. Mass Graves Main Cemetery To Bagh-e Ferdows Farmanfarma Jalili St. Amir Abad Azadi Sq. Traffic Dept. 109

110 Crime Against Humaity LAHIJAN, GILAN PROVINCE I- Grave site Lahijan, West Kashef St., Karvansarabar neighborhood, Agha Seyyed Morteza cemetery. II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial August 1988 IV - Names of victims 1- Assadi, Hojjat 2- Bahr Kazemi, Nosrat 3- Bavar, Ali 4- Bijan, Mehrdad 5- Hassan Zadeh, Ghassem 6- Hojrati, Zaman 7- Jalili, Bahram 8- Jameji, Alireza 9- Kargar Shoaii-Roui, Reza (Fereidoon) 10- Karimi, Hassan 11- Latifi, Hojjat 12- Mehdi-Zadeh, Majid 13- Mehdipour, Mohammad 14- Mirzaii, Parviz 15- Moussapour, Hossein 16- Rahbar Khah, Yahya 17- Ramezanpour, Hamid Reza 18- Sami zadegan, Mohammad 19- Sedaghat, Sajed 20- Tabesh, Hassan 21- Zamani, Geda-Ali V- Remarks There are three mass graves, 2 by 10 meters in size, which have been covered with concrete. 110

111 Mass Graves MASHAD, KHORASSAN PROVINCE I- Grave site La nat Abad, Asgharieh Rd., Past Hashem Abad II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial Unknown ORUMIEH, WEST AZERBAIJAN PROViNCE I- Grave site Radio & TV Ave., city s cemetery, opposite the Radio & TV building. II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial July & October 1988 IV - Names of victims 1 - Gholami, Parvin 2- Khalil-Zadeh, Davoud 3- Nour, Narges 4- Saljooghi, Rasoul 5 - Shakeri, Bahman Mass Graves Radio & TV Building City s Cemetery Radio & TV St. To Salmas Highway 111

112 To Ilam Crime Against Humaity SALEH-ABAD, ILAM PROVINCE I - Grave site When entering the Imamzadeh (shrine), left-hand side on top of the hill, meters. II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial Mostly in Aug.-Sept IV - Names of victims 1- Dabeshlim, Nader 2- Dadvand, Mohammad 3- Dr. Shafiee, Shahsavar 4- Ebrahimi, Hamed 5- Eslami, Fariba 6- Fahimian, Faisal 7- Fassihi, Jalil 8- Fatollahi, Attaollah 9- Fatollahi, Hojjat 10- Ghambari, Faraj 11- Ghanbari, Mohammad 12- Hatami, Nouroddin 13- Karim-Beigi, Hedayat 14- Kiaii, Jalal 15- Lahafati, Ali Ashraf 16- Morovvati, Mohammad Nabi 17- Naderi, Ebadollah 18- Ne mati, Moussa 19- Pour-Norooz, Behzad 20- Pour-Norooz, Siroos 21- Rahmati, Marzieh 22- Rajabi, Nasrin 23- Rashidi, Ali 24- Rizehvandi, Maliheh 25- Siah Bidi, Amir 26- Sima-Nejad, Mehryar Mass Graves To Mehran City s Cemetery Imamzadeh Ali-Saleh Dome Government Housing complex. Gathering point of GC & Army Battalion. Qazvin 16th Armored Division & the Bassij 112

113 Mass Graves SHIRAZ, FARS PROVINCE I - Grave site Dar-ol-Rahma cemetery, block 38. II- Number of victims About 1,000 victims are buried here. III- Remarks The grave site a dirt area. Top of the graves have been cemented. In one case, where the regime has dug a large area for mass graves, the cement is one large block. Sheikh Ali Choupan BLVD. Mass Grave Martyrs Cemetery Water storage tank Sids St. Block 38 Mass Grave Secret Grave New Graves TABRIZ, EAST AZERBAIJAN PROVINCE I- Grave site Tabriz, Rah Ahan St., Vadi-Rabmat cemetery and the cemetery behind Tabriz expressway. II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial October 1988 IV- Names of victims 1- Assiaban, Khosrow 2- Badri, Nasser 3- Jalil-Zadeh, Jahangir 4- Moezzi, Hassan V- Remarks Certain sections in Tabriz cemetery have been named by the regime as La nat Shodeh (damned) and Nefrin Shodeh. The regime covered the graves with dirt, but the families have put some tomb stones which the Guards have since broken. 113

114 Crime Against Humanity TEHRAN, TEHRAN PROVINCE I- Grave site Tehran, Behesht-e Zahra cemetery, block 93 or 103. II- Number of victims Dozens buried here. III- Date of burial 1988 IV - Remarks On Thursdays, families visit the site and pour perfume on it. TEHRAN, TEHRAN PROVINCE I- Grave site Tehran, Khavaran St., Aramaneh (Armenian) cemetery. The entire area consists of mass graves. II- Number of victims At least 7 victims identified (from among 860 executed in two days) III- Date of burial August 1988 IV - Names of victims 1 - Azarmanesh, Safdar 2- Bijani, Akbar 3- Gordan brothers 4- Haj Asgari-rood family 5 - Khaksar, Abbas 6- Nouri, Jalal 7 - Zabih ZAHEDAN, SISTAN AND BALUCHISTAN PROVINCE I- Grave site Zahedan cemetery, Beheshte Mostafa St., Garage St. II- Number of victims Hundreds buried here. III- Date of burial November 1988 IV - Names of victims 1- Arab, Majid 2- Bahrami, Maliheh 3 - Doniavi, Khodam-Rasoul 114

115 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief VIII A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief The following are examples of reports and resolutions by the United Nations and NGOs on the massacre of political prisoners in A report by Amnesty International IRAN VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS The Massacre of 1988 In mid-1988 the pattern of political executions changed dramatically from piecemeal 115

116 Crime Against Humanity reports of executions to a massive wave of killings which took place over several months. Even now, two years after these events, it is still not clear how many people died during the six-month period from July 1988 to January Amnesty International has recorded the names of over 2,000 political prisoners reportedly executed during this period. Iranian opposition groups, such as the PMOI, have suggested that the total was much higher. Speaking on French television in February 1989, Hojatoleslam Rafsanjani is reported to have said that the number of political prisoners executed in the past few months was less than 1,000 (Iran Yearbook 89/ 90). Since these events took place, Amnesty International has interviewed dozens of relatives of execution victims, and a number of former political prisoners who were in prison at the time when the mass killngs were taking place. It has received written information from many Iranians who believe that their friends or relatives were among the victims. These accounts, taken together with statements by Iranian Government personalities, have convinced Amnesty International that during this six-month period the biggest wave of political executions since the early 1980s took place in Iranian prisons. Two important political events preceded the executions, On 18 July 1988 Ayatollah Khomeini announced his intention to accept UN Security Council Resolution 598 instituting a ceasefire in the Gulf War between Iran and Iraq. A few days later, the National Liberation Army, a military force formed by the Iraq-based opposition group, the PM0I, staged an armed incursion into western Iran which was repulsed by the Iranian army. It has been suggested to Amnesty International by former prisoners that both these events may have influenced the government s decision to carry out these executions at this time. The ceasefire in the Gulf War meant that international attention was focused on international developments and not on the situation of political prisoners in Iran. The armed incursion by a PM0I force at a time when the Iranian Government had signalled its intention to cease fighting in the Gulf War gave the authorities a motive to take reprisals against prisoners associated with the PMOI who had been held in prisons around the country, often for several years. Former prisoners have also said that political prisoners were warned by their captors that when the war was over they would be dealt with. President Khamenei spoke in December 1988 of the decision taken by the Iranian authorities to execute those who have links from inside prison with the hypocrites [PMOI] who mounted an armed attack inside the territory of the Islamic Republic. An open letter to Amnesty International from the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the UN in New York stated: Indeed, authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran have always denied the 116

117 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief existence of any political executions, but that does not contradict other subsequent statements which have confirmed that spies and terrorists have been executed. (UN document A/44/153, 28 February 1989) The political executions took place in many prisons in all parts of Iran~ often far from where the armed incursion took place. Most of the executions were of political prisoners, including an unknown number of prisoners of conscience, who had already served a number of years in prison. They could have played no part in the armed incursion, and they were in no position to take part in spying or terrorist activities. Many of the dead had been tried and sentenced to prison terms during the early 1980s, many for non-violent offences such as distributing newspapers and leaflets, taking part in demonstrations or collecting funds for prisoners families. Many of the dead had been students in their teens or early twenties at the time of their arrest. The maiority of those killed were supporters of the PMOI, but hundreds of members and supporters of other political groups~ including various factions of the PFOI, the Tudeh Party, the KDPI, Rah-e Kargar and others, were also among the execution victims. The first sign that something was happening in the prisons came in July 1988 when family visits to political prisoners were suspended. This was the beginning of months of uncertainty and anguish for prisoners relatives as rumours began to spread that mass executions of political prisoners were taking place. No news of the political prisoners was heard for about three months. Relatives would go to prisons on regular visiting days only to be turned away by prison guards. Some brought clothing, medicines or money to the prisons hoping to get a signed receipt from their imprisoned relatives as an indication that they were still alive. Reports circulated among prisoners relatives that execution victims were being buried in mass graves. Distraught family members searched the cemeteries for signs of newly dug graves which might contain their relatives bodies. One woman described to Amnesty International how she had dug up the corpse of an executed man with her bare hands as she searched for her husband s body in Jadeh Khavaran cemetery in Tehran in August 1988 in a part of the cemetery known colloquially as Lanatabad, (the place of the damned), reserved for the bodies of executed political prisoners. Groups of bodies, some clothed, some in shrouds, had been buried in unmarked shallow graves in the section of the cemetery reserved for executed leftist political prisoners. The stench of the corpses was appalling but I started digging with my hands because it was important for me and my two little children that I locate my husband s grave. She unearthed a body with its face covered in blood but when she cleaned it off she saw that it was not her husband. Other relatives visiting the graveyard discovered 117

118 Crime Against Humanity her husband s grave some days later. A member of a communist group, he had been arrested in early 1985, tortured over several months and convicted after a summary trial at which, as a result of his torture, he was barely conscious. He never learned what his sentence was. His wife had been turned away from Evin Prison on a regular visiting day in early August, and had then started her quest for information which led her to the unmarked grave. In October and November 1988 the authorities began to inform families of the execution of their relatives. In a few cases prison officials informed relatives of the execution when they went to the prison for a normal family visit. This led to protests by prisoners relatives who gathered outside prisons, so other methods were devised. The majority of relatives appear to have been informed by telephone that they should go to an Islamic Revolutionary Committee office to receive news about their imprisoned relatives. There they were informed of the execution and required to sign undertakings that they would not hold a funeral or any other mourning ceremony. Family members were not informed where their relatives were buried, and even if they managed to find out they were not permitted to erect a gravestone. An Iranian who left Iran in late 1988 told Amnesty International how his family had learned of the execution of his brother, Hossein. In November 1988 the family received a telephone call instructing the father to go to Evin Prison to receive information about Hossein. Hossein s father and wife went to the prison where they were told that Hossein had been executed because he was not repentant and had not been improved by his imprisonment. They were not informed where his body was, and were told that they should not hold any funeral ceremony. Hossein had been held in Gohardasht Prison in Karaj where he was serving a 15- year sentence for activities in support of the PMOI. Hossein had been arrested in His brother told Amnesty International that at that time Hossein had been involved in political activities for the PMOI: collecting money and distributing leaflets and newspapers. His brother is convinced that Hossein was not involved in violent activities. The mother of a 39-year-old woman executed in Evin Prison wrote to Amnesty International describing a similar experience. Her daughter had been arrested in 1982 when she had been found in possession of leaflets produced by the PMOI. She had been tried by an Islamic Revolutionary Court but never informed of the sentence passed on her. For six years the mother had visited her daughter every two weeks. In early August 1988 her visits were stopped without explanation. In November 1988 she received a telephone call telling her to go to the Islamic Revolutionary Committee office near Beheshteh Zahra cemetery, where she was informed of her daughter s execution. She was instructed not to hold any mourning ceremony and was not informed where the body was buried. 118

119 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief Relatives of prisoners executed in Orumieh Prison in Iranian Kurdistan have described to Amnesty International a form they had to sign when they were summoned to the prison to collect their relatives belongings. They were told where their relatives were buried, but the authorities had made sure that the 40-day mourning period had elapsed before telling the families about the executions. The form was an undertaking that they would not hold any form of funeral ceremony or erect any memorial on the graves. Amnesty International has received accounts of similar events in many different prisons in all parts of Iran: in Rasht, Sanandaj, Mashhad, Isfahan and elsewhere. This suggests to Amnesty International that the massacre of political prisoners was a premeditated and coordinated policy which must have been authorized at the highest level of government. The relatives of prisoners executed during this period have taken to gathering in Beheshteh Zahra cemetery in Tehran on Fridays to commemorate their dead family members. The mother of a 42-year-old man who had been arrested in 1983 and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment before being executed in Karaj Prison, wrote to her daughter outside Iran about one of these gatherings: On Friday all the mothers along with family members got together and we went to the graveyard. What a day of mourning, it was like Ashura! [A religious festival of particular importance to Shi a Muslims, commemorating the martyrdom of the Prophet Muhammad s grandson Hossein.] Mothers came with pictures of their sons; one has lost five sons and daughtersin-law. Finally the Committee came and dispersed us. This gathering of bereaved relatives has reportedly become a regular weekly event in the section of Beheshteh Zahra where political opponents to the government are buried. According to reports from relatives of executed prisoners in Iran, the makeshift monuments erected by the families, which consisted of a few stones and flowers, were removed by the authorities prior to the visit to Tehran by the UN Special Representative on Iran in January This was apparently an attempt to remove visible evidence of the mass killings from the sight of any possible inspection of the cemetery by the Special Representative. Amnesty International has also collected accounts of the mass killings as they were witnessed by political prisoners who were in prison at that time. A former prisoner in Dastgerd Prison in Isfahan said that almost every day between August and December 1988 prison guards came to his section of the prison and read out a list of up to 10 names. These people were then taken out of the cell, which generally housed between 150 and 300 people, and never seen again. The prisoners did not know what was happening to those taken away, but the guards said that they were to be executed. Later, prisoners were transferred to Dastgerd Prison from other prisons 119

120 Crime Against Humanity and news of similar events in these prisons spread among the inmates in Dastgerd. Prisoners in Gohardasht Prison in Karaj appear to have had a much clearer picture of the events which were taking place. Former prisoners have described to Amnesty International how a commission made up of representatives from the Islamic Revolutionary Courts, the Revolutionary Prosecutor s Office and the Ministry of Intelligence began to subject all political prisoners to a form of retrial in July These retrials bore little resemblance to judicial proceedings aimed at establishing the guilt or innocence of a defendant with regard to a recognized criminal offence under the law. Instead, they appear to have been formalized interrogation sessions designed to discover the political views of the prisoner in order that prisoners who did not repent should be executed the punishment of all those who continued to oppose the government. In Gohardasht Prison those detained for their alleged support for the PMOI were reportedly the first to go before the commission. Other prisoners received information about the trials from PMOI prisoners by way of messages tapped on walls in Morse code from room to room inside the prison. According to one prisoner held there at that time, the first question asked by the commission was: What is your political affiliation? Those who answered Mojahedin were sent to their deaths. The correct answer was monafegin (hypocrites). Those prisoners who survived this first phase of interrogation were then subjected to a second series of questions. These included questions such as: - Are you willing to give an interview on television to condemn and expose the monafegin? - Are you willing to fight with the forces of the Islamic Republic against the monafegin? - Are you willing to put a noose around the neck of an active member of the monafegin? - Are you willing to clear the minefields for the army of the Islamic Republic? The majority of prisoners were reportedly unwilling to give the desired responses and were consequently sent for execution. Some 200 out of 300 PMOI prisoners in Sections 3 and 4 of Gohardasht Prison were killed following this type of interrogation. The interrogations were reportedly conducted in such a way as to trick prisoners into making statements revealing their opposition to the government. The prisoners named the interrogators the Death Commission. It came to Gohardasht Prison three times a week, arriving by helicopter. The same commission was also reportedly at work in Evin Prison. At the end of August 1988 the Death Commission turned its attention to the prisoners from leftist groups held in Gohardasht Prison. These included supporters 120

121 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief of the Tudeh Party, various factions of the PFOI, and others. The interrogations followed a similar pattern, with prisoners being asked if they were prepared to make public statements criticizing the political organization with which they had been associated. The leftist prisoners were also asked about their religious faith. They were asked such questions as: Do you pray? Do you read the Quran? Did your father read the Quran? One eye-witness of an interrogation in C~ohardasht Prison described how he was taken before the Death Commission with five other prisoners. The six were asked if they prayed or read the Qur an: they replied that they did not. They were then asked whether their fathers had read the Qur an. Four of them answered yes and two of them no After some discussion between members of the commission, it was decided that those who had not been brought up in a religious family were not as guilty as those whose parents were religious, because the former group had not been brought up as believers. Consequently, the two men whose fathers had not prayed were spared, but the four others were executed. According to another eye-witness account of this period in Gohardasht Prison, the decisions about which prisoners were to be executed and which spared were arbitrary in the extreme. Some prisoners who had been sentenced to death by the commission were spared because prison guards sent prisoners whom they disliked to be executed in their place. There was also a great deal of confusion as prisoners were transferred from different prisons~ and from section to section within the prison. As a result of such confusion prisoners were sometimes executed by mistake. The same eye-witness estimates that out of 900 PMOI and 600 leftist prisoners in Gohardasht Prison at the beginning of the summer of 1988, 600 PMOI prisoners and 200 leftist prisoners were executed. In Evin Prison, where the execution of prisoners was going on simultaneously, the proportion of executions carried out from the total population of political prisoners was much higher. One reason suggested for this is that in Evin there was no way for prisoners to communicate with each other, so they were unable to prepare answers to questions put to them by the Death Commission as prisoners in Gohardasht had done. A similar pattern of purposeful mass killing of political opponents, beginning with the PMOI but encompassing alleged supporters of other opposition groups, took place in dozens of other prisons around the country in the second half of Among others, Amnesty International has received reports of hundreds of executions of prisoners from Kurdish opposition groups in Orumieh Prison, and of 50 being executed in Sanandaj. Ayatollah Montazeri s letters to Ayatollah Khomeini in July 1988 reportedly criticized many of the aspects of the mass executions identified by former prisoners. 121

122 Crime Against Humanity Ayatollah Montazeri commented on the arbitrary way in which life and death decisions were taken: He [Ayatollah Montazeri] cited the case of a provincial mullah who had complained that a prisoner who had fully recanted was executed anyway. The prisoner, who was not named, said in response to the tribunal questions that he was ready to publicly condemn his past opposition, and to go to, the Gulf War front as well. But when he refused to declare his readiness to go to the minefields, the tribunal decided he had not truly changed and had him executed. (Reuters, 29 March 1989) In a later letter, dated 15 August 1988, Ayatollah Montazeri is reported to have demanded of the Minister of Intelligence, the Prosecutor General and the Chief Justice: On what criteria are you now executing people who have not been sentenced to death? (Reuters, 29 March 1989) Ayatollah Montazeri s letters show that there was awareness at the highest level of the government that thousands of summary executions were taking place without regard to constitutional and judicial procedures. The authorities were therefore either unable to prevent these mass killings from taking place, or they did not wish to do so. The mass killing of political prisoners appears to have stopped at the beginning of 1989, when several hundred repentant political prisoners were included in amnesties to mark the 10th anniversary of the Islamic Republic s foundation in February Those who were released had to sign statements denouncing their earlier political activities. They were further obliged to pledge large sums of money, or in some cases the deeds of the family house, against their future good conduct and non-involvement in opposition politics. The amnesty brought to an end a period of six to eight months which saw a massive reduction in the numbers of political prisoners in Iran through executions. Since February 1989 sporadic reports of executions of the government s political opponents in Iran have been received by Amnesty International. Some of these executions have taken place in public. For example, in March 1989 Mohammad and Saeed Khan Naroui were hanged from a crane in Abbas Ali Square in Gorgan. They had been imprisoned since 1984 for inciting the people to revolt. On 28 March 1990 the execution of two men described as bandits was announced by the Islamic Republic News Agency. Abbas Raisi and Ahmad Jangi Razhi were found guilty by the Islamic Revolutionary Court in Zahedan of collaborating with bandits and counter-revolutionaries in the Baluchistan area ( BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 30 March 1990) Secret executions of political prisoners have also been reported. Following the assassination in July 1989 of the leader of the KDPI, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, in circumstances which suggest the involvement of the Iranian Government, resistance 122

123 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief to the government, including armed opposition, is reported to have been stepped up in Iranian Kurdistan. The authorities are reported to have responded by executing Kurdish prisoners in Sanandaj and Orumieh Prisons. Executions of Kurdish opponents to the government have continued in Other political prisoners are reported to have been executed ostensibly as common criminals; they were among the hundreds of drug-traffickers and other convicted criminals executed in public in 1989 and 1990 For example, it was announced that 79 drug-traffickers were executed in different cities on 17 August 1g89. Among them were Mohammad Younesi, executed in Hamadan; Mohammad Gholi Ebrahimi, executed in Rasht; Bijan Biglari, executed in Kermanshah (Bakhtaran); and Bahram Kazemi and Massoud Sabet, executed in Shiraz. All these were reportedly political prisoners. Amnesty International has received no response to its requests for information from the Iranian authorities about the offences of which these prisoners were convicted. 123

124 Crime Against Humanity 124

125 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief Excerpts from the Resolution passed by the UN Commission on Human Rights in 1989:... Expresses its grave concern at the reports of a wave of summary executions in the period from July to December 1988, as reported also by the Special Rapporteur on summary or arbitrary executions

126 Crime Against Humanity Excerpts from the report by the Special Rapporteur on Arbitrary Executions to the Fifty-fifth session of the United Nations Human Rights Commission: E/CN. 4/1989/25 page 28 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 142. Cables were sent to the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran on 26 August, 14 September, 11 and 15 November, 1, 8, 9, 20 and 23 December 1988 concerning allegations that since July 1988 a large number of prisoners, said to be members or supporters of groups or organizations opposing the Government, had been executed and several others were facing imminent execution in various parts of the country. According to information received, a number of prisoners had their sentences of imprisonment changed to the death sentence or were executed even though their terms of imprisonment had been completed. The Special Rapporteur, mentioning a total of some 150 cases of prisoners whose names had been received, appealed to the Government on purely humanitarian grounds to ensure that the right 126

127 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief to life of those persons was protected and requested information on the aforementioned cases On 13 January 1989, a cable was sent concerning 302 persons who might be facing imminent execution. According to the information, these persons, as in the cases communicated to the Government by the previous cables, had already served or were currently serving sentences of imprisonment. It was alleged that many of the persons in question were tortured and deprived of visits from their families In view of persistent reports received that several thousand persons had been executed without trial or with a trial of a summary nature, the Special Rapporteur appealed to the Government to ensure that the right to life of the above-mentioned persons was protected as provided for in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. He also requested information on the above-mentioned cases as well as any information on the fate of the persons mentioned in his previous cables, as follows: cable of 26 August concerning 12 persons, cable of 1 November concerning Ali- Akbar Shalgoolney and Adel Talebi, cable of 11 November concerning Fereidoun Faroughi, cable of 15 November concerning 24 persons, cable of 1 December concerning 55 persons, cable of 8 December concerning Soraya Ali-Mohammadi, cable of 9 December concerning Monireh Rajavi, cable of 20 December concerning 21 persons and cable of 23 December 1988 concerning 43 persons On the same day, the list of 302 persons was communicated to the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations Office at Geneva On 9 November 1988, a letter was sent to the Government transmitting the allegation that, since July 1988, a large number of prisoners had been executed in various parts of the country, without trial or with a trial of a summary nature. The victims allegedly included members and supporters of organizations and groups opposing the 127

128 Crime Against Humanity Government, and also Kurdish prisoners. The Special Rapporteur described by way of example the following allegations: (a) On 10 July 1988, 10 persons accused of being counterrevolutionaries and Iraqi spies were executed, (b) On 20 July 1988 about 20 persons belonging to political opposition groups were executed in Evin Prison. The victims included three members of the Tudeh Party and a member of the People s Fedaiyan Organization of Iran (majority). (c) Alleged collaborators with the members of the people s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI) were publicly executed in Kangavar, Bakhtaran and Islamabad-e-Gharb. According to the official account, 15 PMOI supporters were executed on about 5 August They included seven persons executed on 1 August 1988 in Bakhtaran and one person on 3 August 1988 in Ilam; (d) On 28 July 1988, 200 prisoners said to be PMOI sympathizers, were executed in Evin Prison. In Mashad, 50 other PMOI sympathizers were executed; (e) On 14, 15 and 16 August 1988, 860 corpses were transferred from Evin Prison to the Behecht Zahra cemetery; (f) It was further alleged that on the night of 15/16 May 1988 a large number of Iraqi prisoners of war were found killed, their feet bound with ropes, in the Mawat region in northern Iraq The Special Rapporteur requested information on the alleged occurrence of summary or arbitrary executions and in particular the legal proceedings following which the alleged executions might have been carried out At the time of preparation of the present report, no reply had been received from the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 128

129 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief Excerpts from the Report by the Special Representative of the United Nations Human Rights Commission to the Commission s 1989 session (UN Document E/CN. 4/1989/26) 2. Written information (a) Information regarding the right to life 15. The information received by the Special Representative since the preparation of his interim report to the General Assembly contained in particular alleged violations of the right to life. In his interim report (paras ) the Special Representative referred to information he received in September 1988 alleging that a large number of prisoners, members of various opposition groups, had been executed during the months of July, August and September Since that date, the Special Representative has continued receiving persistent reports about a wave of executions of political prisoners. These reports were made available by various sources, including non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council and other bodies directly concerned by the alleged wave of 129

130 Crime Against Humanity executions. In addition, the Special Representative received hundreds of petitions and letters from private individuals around the world, including members of parliament from Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as well as members of the European Parliament from several countries, and trade-union and church officials, expressing deep concern at the alleged wave of executions and calling for United Nations intervention to bring such executions to a halt. 16. The precise number of alleged victims of the recent wave of executions has not been reported. The Special Representative has received more than 1,000 names (see annex), but it was alleged that there were in all probability several thousand victims. In that connection, the Special Representative was informed that the Special Rapporteur on summary or arbitrary executions had, during the period from July to December 1988, transmitted to the Iranian Government allegations regarding the summary or arbitrary execution of several hundred persons, and sent urgent appeals regarding approximately 150 persons said to be facing an imminent danger of execution. 17. Most of the alleged victims were said to be members or supporters of the People s Mojahedin Organization of Iran, but members of other opposition groups, such as the Tudeh Party, the People s Fedaiyan Organization, Rahe Kargar and the Komala Organization in Iranian Kurdistan, as well as at least 11 mollahs, were also said to be among the alleged victims. Many of the people said to have been executed had been serving prison terms for several years, while others were former prisoners who were rearrested and then executed. It would therefore seem unlikely that these persons could have taken part in violent activities against the Government, such as participation in the NLA incursion into the western part of the Islamic Republic of Iran in July Among those said to have been executed were several women and, in some cases, several members of the same family. It was alleged that many of those who had been serving prison sentences had had their sentences changed to the death penalty, in contravention of article 14, paragraph 7, of the International Covenant 130

131 A Shocked World Watches in Disbelief on Civil and Political Rights to which the Islamic Republic of Iran is a party. Many of the executions were said to have been carried out in secret while others were reported to have occurred publicly, by hanging or firing-squads. 18. Statements by several high-ranking officials were published by the Iranian news media to the effect that members of opposition groups should be dealt with severely, but there was no official acknowledgement of the wave of executions. Nevertheless, reports have been received acccording to which people witnessed large numbers of bodies being buried in shallow graves in the area of Behesht-e-Zahra cemetery in Tehran, where political prisoners are usually buried, and in other parts of the country. 131

132

133 IX A List of Victims Hitherto unpublished list of names and particulars of 3,208 victims of the massacre The following pages contain the names and particulars of over 3,200 political prisoners who were executed during the massacre of The photographs of more than 200 of the victims also appear on these pages. The list represents only about 10 percent of the total number of victims, but the task of collection of information on the executed prisoners has been excruciatingly difficult and fraught with danger. For the sake of the safety of many of the sources of the information regarding the list, we are unable to reveal the details of how the information has been collected, processed, double-checked and finalized. Suffice it to mention that several prisoners and other Mojahedin activists in Iran have lost their lives while working on this project. The clerical authorities went to amazing lengths to prevent any leak to the outside world of the news of the massacre. All prisons across the country were placed in a state of emergency on the day the carnage began. All leaves for the personnel were canceled until further notice. All telephone lines were cut except one that was used by the death committee. All guards and staff members with knowledge of the massacre had to participate personally in the killings, so that they would be party to the crimes and would not reveal their knowledge afterwards. In many prisons and wards,

134 Crime Against Humanity prisoners were executed to the last person to ensure that the secrets would be buried for ever. Only a few prisoners have emerged to tell the shocking tales of what went on inside the mullahs jails in the second half of Non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International have also received eyewitness reports and interviewed former prisoners. These witnesses, coming from different prisons in Iran, tell a story that is the same in all its major aspects and varies only in details that are specific to every prison. The present list of victims, while incomplete, does provide a representative sample of the executed prisoners. A statistical breakdown reveals that 38 percent of the victims were hanged, 48 percent were executed by firing squads, and 14 percent were killed under a variety of circumstances: some died under torture, some were murdered when the guards blew up part of the prison, and some were hanged in public. There are numerous reports of political prisoners who were hanged in public during that time. Groups of Mojahedin prisoners, varying in number between seven and 20, were hanged in the full view of the people in the cities of Kermanshah, Harsin, Ilam, Dezful, Garmsar, Saveh, Varamin, Karaj, Tabriz, Mashad, Bandar-Abbas, etc. As last as early 1989, political prisoners were reportedly being hanged in public under the pretext of drug trafficking. Of the victims listed here, 35 percent were executed in Tehran, the majority of them in Evin prison. Fourteen percent were executed in Gohardasht prison in Karaj. Forty-six percent were killed in provincial jails. The place of execution of five percent is unknown. According to former prisoners, only 300 inmates out of the thousands who were being held in Gohardasht survived the killings by mid-september They were all transferred to Evin. More than Forty percent of the victims listed here were executed within three weeks after the executions began in late July. Of the more than 3,000 victims in this list, the Iranian regime has officially announced the execution of only 354 of them. Victims include teenagers as young as 13 and 15. Twenty-five percent of the victims were under 25 years old. Fifty-eight percent were under 30. Many like Saeed Daniali, Ahmad-Ali Vahabzadeh, and Massoud Darabi had been in jail since the time when they were only 13 years old. More than fifteen percent of the victims held university degrees. Twenty of the victims listed here were over 50. A 60-year-old woman, Sadat Hosseini, was executed in Shiraz. Another woman, known as Mother Shokri, was arrested after she protested the execution of her children. She was tortured to the 134

135 A List of Victims point of becoming paralyzed and was then executed in Qaemshahr, northern Iran. Mohammad Ebrahim Rajabi, 58, father of seven, was executed in Gorgan, after five years in jail. Her daughter, Parvaneh, was executed in Mrs. Fatemeh Zarei in Shiraz, Shahbaz Shahbazi in Rudsar, Zohreh Einol-Yaghin in Isfahan were among Mojahedin candidates in the first post-revolutionary elections in Other victims, such as Ashraf Ahmadi, Mohammad Golpayegani, Qolamali Rahbari, Ali Tab, Mehdi Jalalian, and Parviz Zolfaqari were political prisoners under the Shah s regime. Many servicemen and members of the mullahs armed forces, who supported the Mojahedin, were among the victims of the massacre. Col. Mir Fakhrai, Major Khalil Minai (ground forces), Major Maghsoudi, Seyed Mohammad Ziai (officer in the navy), Seyed Ahmad Seyedian (airborne special forces, 23rd Nohed Division), Hossein Razaghi (commando in the ground forces) and Mohammad Mirza- Mohammadi (police corporal) were among them. The wide range of professional background of the victims is another indication of how deeply the massacre cut into Iranian society, leaving practically no family unscathed in a country where extensive families are still predominant. The victims include workers, farmers, businessmen, physicians, military personnel, engineers, accountants, teachers, university professors, sports champions, and the list goes on. In the city of Tabriz, the regime s agents hanged in public two physicians who sympathized with the Mojahedin, Dr. Firooz Saremi, a Cancer specialist, and Dr. Tabibi Nejad, an obstetrician. Both were in their 50s. The geographical distribution of the executions shows that every region of the country was affected by the massacre. In some major provincial cities thousands were executed during the killings. Another shocking reality about the carnage is that many families were wiped out in their entirety by the executioners. Some families lost three, four and even up to ten of their members. The Shoja i family in Shahr-e Kord, central Iran, has lost 12 of its members. In Zanjan, the execution of Jaafar Hariri in 1988 raised the number of victims of executions in this family to six. In Isfahan, two sisters and a brother, Fariba, Farahnaz and Mohammad Ahmadi, were executed on August 3, The other brother, Mansour, was executed in Shiraz a month later. 135

136 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1 A li Changiz 26 M Ardebil H.s.s. Aug. 88 Ardebil F.s. 2 Abbass Mirzadeh M. Reza 30 M Karaj Univ.s Gohardasht Hang 3 Abbass Zadeh Majid M Gazvin Jan. 89 Gohardasht Hang 4 Abbass Zadeh Bahih 25 H.s.dip Chalous F.s. 5 Abbass Zadeh Seromi Majid 31 M Some Sara Univ.s. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang 6 Abbassi Hafez M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 7 Abbassi Hossein 30 M Hashtpar Tavalesh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang (Bahman) 8 Abbassi Sirouss M 1988 Evin Hang 9 Abbassi Abdolreza M Halabcheh H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Hang 10 Abbassi Abdolmajid M Halabcheh Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 11 Abbassi M. Javad 26 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 12 Abbassi Alireza 26 M Haftgel H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Masjid F.s. Soleiman 13 Abbassi Gholamreza M Masjed Soleiman H.s.dip. Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan Hang. 14 Abbassi M. Javad 26 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 15 Abbassi M. Reza 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang 16 Abbassi Mahmoud 28 M Aug. 12, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 17 Abbassi Maghsoud 30 M Masal Univ.s Ex. 18 Abbassi Mehrdad 30 M Abadan Aug. 1, 88 Isfahan F.s. 19 Abbassi Nov. 1, 88 Shiraz F.s. 20 Abbassi Feb. 89 Evin F.s. 21 Abbassi Shiraz Mansour 25 M Rezvanshahr H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 22 Abbassian Behrouz M Oct. 88 Ahvaz F.s. 23 Abbassian Hosseini Maryam F 1988 Mashad Hang. 24 Abdi Esfandiar 29 M Univ.s Sep. 88 Evin Ex. 25 Abdi Hossein 15 M Oct. 88 F.s. 26 Abdi Ghanbar 25 M H.s.dip Lahijan F.s. 27 Abdi M. Ismaeel 22 M H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Babol F.s. 28 Abdi Shiraz 1988 Shiraz F.s. 29 Abdi Pir Bazari Forouzan 31 F Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 30 Abdolahzadeh Kakhki Mohsen 30 M B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 31 Abdolali 33 M Hamedan M.s Hamedan Hang. 136

137 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 32 Abdolali Pour Fatemeh 29 F Fassa H.s.dip Adelabad Ex. 33 Abdolalinejad Fatemeh F 1988 Shiraz Ex. 34 Abdolhosseini Gholamhossein M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 35 Abdolhosseini Mohsen 27 M Boroujerd H.s.s. Oct. 7, 88 Gohardasht Hang. Ruzbehani 36 Abdoli Kamali Majid 25 M Dec Tabriz Ex. 37 Abdollahi Javad 37 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tabriz Hang. 38 Abdollahi Abolhassan 22 M Tehran H.s.dip. Jul. 27, 88 Evin Hang. 39 Abdollahi Amir 23 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 40 Abdollahi Mirfatah M Oct. 88 Tehran F.s. 41 Abdolvahab Hossein 36 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 42 Abedi F 1988 Evin Ex. 43 Abedi Ebrahim M 1988 Evin F.s. 44 Abedi Bahram 32 M Shiraz H.s.dip Shiraz F.s. 45 Abedi Hassan M 1988 Kazeroon Ex. 46 Abedi Hassan M 1988 Tehran F.s. 47 Abedi Seyyed Abass 33 M Kazeroon H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Adel Abad F.s. 48 Abedi Seyyed Kazem 29 M Kazeroon H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Adelabad F.s. 49 Abedi Mostafa 23 M Abkenar Anzali H.s.s. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s. 50 Abedi Zadeh Se-sari Khalil M Somesara 1988 Ex. 51 Abedini Abbass M Kazeroon Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 52 Abedini Monireh 24 F S. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 53 Abedini Abkenari Mostafa 27 M Abkenar Anzali H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Rasht F.s. 54 Abootorab Ashghar 23 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 55 Abootorab Saeid 28 F Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 56 Absari Doustali M Poldokhtar H.s.dip Lorestan Ex. 57 Abtahi Mojtaba 31 M Isfahan B.s Gohardasht Hang. 58 Adab-avaz Hossein 30 M Jahrum P.dip Aug. 88 Shiraz Tor. 59 Adab-avaz Esmat 25 F Jahrum H.s.dip Adel-abad Tor. 60 Adab-avaz Fatemeh 23 F Jahrum S Aug. 88 Shiraz Ex. 61 Adeli Jamshid 29 M Rasht H.s.s. Oct. 88 Babolsar Hang 62 Adeli Abolghassem M 1988 F.s. 63 Adi-shirinpoor Ali 24 M Ardabil S 1988 Ardabil Ex. 137

138 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 64 Adibi Sirous 40 M Oct. 88 Evin Ex. 65 Adibi Mahmoud 29 M 1988 Vakilabad Ex. 66 Aeineh Youssef 24 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 67 Afghani Mohammad 30 M Shahrood 88 Ex. 68 Afhan Abbas 27 M Amol S Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 69 Afkhami Abbas 28 M Yazd H.s.dip Evin Hang. 70 Afravi Naji 22 M Abadan H.s. S. Jan. 89 Khalkhal Hang 71 Afrazeh Abbas 27 M Lahijan H.s.dip. 88 Lahijan Ex. 72 Afri Nejad Zahra 27 F Abadan H.s. S. Jul. 28, 88 Ahwaz F.s. 73 Afsari Hamid 21 M Babol S Jan. 88 Babol Ex. 74 Afsari Mohammad 27 M Babol H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Babol Hang. 75 Afshar M Dec. 88 Gohardasht Ex. 76 Afshar M Isfahna 1988 Isfahan Ex. 77 Afshar Parviz M Oct. 27, 88 Tehran Ex. 78 Afshar Fazlollah M Aug. 88 Mashad Hang. 79 Afshar Shandi Rasoul 27 M Orumieh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Orumieh Ex. 80 Afshar-loo Ahamad 31 M Roodsar H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Evin Ex. 81 Afshari Mahin 28 F 1988 Malayer Ex. 82 Afshoon Zinolabedin 26 M Golpayegan S 1988 Gohardasht Hang. 83 Afshoon Alireza 25 M S 1988 Gohardasht Hang. 84 Afzali M.Reza 28 M Amol H.s.dip Evin Ex. 85 Afzallipoor Ali 32 M Gonabad B.s. Sep. 8, 88 Vakil Abad Ex. 86 Afzani Esma el 28 M Amol H.s.dip Evin Ex. 87 Aghabozorgi Majid M Astaneh Ashrafieh Aug. 88 Lahijan Ex. 88 Aghabozorgi Hossein 28 M Astaneh Ashrafieh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 89 Aghah Ali 22 M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang. 90 Aghahosseini Reza 20 M S Aug. 88 Tehran F.s. 91 Aghajari Mohammad M 1988 Qezel Hesar Ex. 92 Aghakhani Saeid 28 M Arak H.s.dip Arak F.s. 93 Aghanoor Shahnaz 27 F S 1988 Tehran F.s. 94 Aghapour Jafar 33 M Bonab B.s Evin F.s. 95 Aghdaghi Mojtaba 25 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Aug. 14, 88 Tabriz F.s. 96 Agheli Rahim 30 M Rasht H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 138

139 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 97 Aghili Hamid M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 98 Ahadi 20 M Andimeshk S 1988 Dezful F.s. 99 Ahanchi F Mashad Aug. 88 Mashad F.s. 100 Ahang Saeid 25 M H.s.s. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 101 Ahangar Javad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 102 Ahmad-nezhad Farshid M Sep. 88 F.s. 103 Ahmad-zadeh Esma il 33 M H.s.dip Bushehr Ex. 104 Ahmad-zadeh Asieh 27 F Tehran H.s.dip Evin Hang. 105 Ahmad-zadeh M.Reza 25 M Abkenar H.s.s. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s. 106 Ahmadi Hassan 24 M Tehran H.s.dip. Feb. 89 Evin Ex. 107 Ahmadi Hamid 23 M Mashad H.s.dip Mashad Hang. 108 Ahmadi Hamid 31 M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 109 Ahmadi M Dec. 88 Tehran F.s. 110 Ahmadi Ahmad 24 M Shiraz H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Isfahan F.s. 111 Ahmadi Ahmad 27 M Rebkan Garmsar H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Garmsar Ex. 112 Ahmadi Asghar M 1988 Ex. 113 Ahmadi Abdollah 30 M Bushehr H.s.dip Bushehr Ex. 114 Ahmadi Ali M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 115 Ahmadi Ali 22 M Mashad H.s.dip Mashad Hang. 116 Ahmadi Farahnaz 20 F Abadan S Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 117 Ahmadi Fariba 22 F Abadan S Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 118 Ahmadi Mohammad 32 M Abadan H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 119 Ahmadi Mohammad 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Jul. 30, 88 Mashad Hang. 120 Ahmadi M. Reza 25 M Garmsar H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Semnan Ex. 121 Ahmadi Morteza M 1988 Evin Ex. 122 Ahmadi Mansour 26 M Abadan H.s.dip. Sep Shiraz Ex. 123 Ahmadi Mehdi 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 124 Ahmadi Nader M H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Hang. 125 Ahmadi Nasser 36 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 126 Ahmadi Houshang 31 M Assad-abad H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Hamadan Ex. 127 Ahmadi Aloonabadi Ashraf-ol Sadat 47 F Tehran H.s.dip. Jul. 31, 88 Evin Hang. 128 Ahmadi Qotbi Nassir 24 M S Mashad Ex. 129 Ahmadi-vand Maqsoud 39 M Tabriz H.s.s. Sep. 88 Tabriz Hang. 139

140 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 130 Ahmadian Faramarz 32 M Babol S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 131 Ahmadian Mahmoud 40 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 132 Ahmadian- Moqaddas Ahmad 28 M Ahvaz H.s.s. Oct. 88 Ahvaz Ex. 133 Ahmadieh Akhavan Jallal-oddin 27 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Ex. 134 Ajini Sohan M 1988 Ex. 135 Ajoodani Isma il 27 M 1988 Shahrood Hang. 136 Akbari Ibrahim 25 M Orumeih S Aug. 88 Tabriz Ex. 137 Akbari Hassan 25 M Langrood S 1988 Gilan Ex. 138 Akbari Feyzollah 31 M Bandargaz H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Gorgan Ex. 139 Akbari Monfared Roqieh 30 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 140 Akbari Monfared Abdolreza 23 M Tehran S Aug. 6, 88 Tehran Hang. 141 Akbari Namdar Gholamreza 29 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tabriz Hang. 142 Akbarian Abdolsaheb 27 M Behbahan H.s.dip Behbahan Ex. 143 Akbariani Hamid 25 M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 144 Akbariseffat Ibrahim 30 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 145 Akbarnezhad Hurieh 24 F H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Ex. 146 Akbarzadeh Yousefi M. Hossein 60 M Tabriz H.s.s Sep. 88 Tabriz Hang. 147 Akhavan Jalal M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 148 Akhlaghi Asghar M 1988 Bushehr Ex. 149 Akhlaghi Seyyed 38 M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. Mohammad 150 Akhtari Alireza 30 M Assad-abad 1988 Hamadan Ex. 151 Akki Hamid M 1988 Masjid Soleiman Ex. 152 Akrami Mahmoud 18 M Sarbandar S 1988 Mahshahr Ex. Shahpour 153 Akrami Farsi 22 M Shahre-ray S Feb. 89 Tehran Ex. 154 Akraminaqsh Reza 25 M Maragheh S 1988 Zanjan Ex. 155 Al-es haq Mehdi 25 M Qom H.s.dip. Feb. 89 Qom F.s. 156 Ala eddini Massoud M Aug. 88 Shiraz F.s. 157 Ala i Khastou Massoud 25 M Tehran S. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 158 Alam Ahamd M Aug. 88 Adelabad Hang. 159 Alavi Seyyed Reza 26 M Deh-kohneh H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Bushehr F.s. 160 Alavi Mehrdad 24 M Lahijan S. Jan. 89 Rasht Ex 140

141 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 161 Alavi-tafreshi Afshin 23 M Mashad S. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 162 Ali Akbarian Kahani Majid 28 M Ghouchan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Vakilabad Hang. 163 Ali Beik (Beik Ali) Ali Akbar 25 M Aug Evin Hang. 164 Ali Mohammadi Mohammad 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 165 Ali Moradi Behrooz 24 M Sanandaj Nov. 88 Sanandaj F.s. 166 Ali Yazdan Panah Ali Akbar M 1988 Tehran Ex 167 Alidoost Ghanbar 27 M Lahijan H.s. Dip. Jan. 89 Rasht Ex 168 Alidoost Reza 19 M H.s. Dip Lahijan F.s. 169 Alijani Asghar M Sep. 88 Tehran Ex 170 Alipour Hassan M Abadan Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s. 171 Alipour Hossein M Abadan Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s. 172 Alipour Hamid M Astaneh Ashrafieh Jan. 89 Lahijan F.s. 173 Alipour Reza 17 M Astaneh Ashrafieh S. Jan. 89 Rasht F.s. 174 Alirezania Mohammad Reza 23 M Shahr-e Ray H.s. S. Dec. 11, 88 Evin Hang. 175 Alizadeh Mohammad Taqi 21 M Kouchesfahan H.s. S Rasht F.s. 176 Alizadeh Sha ban Ali 30 M Babol H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Babol Hang 177 Alizadeh Mohammad M 1988 F.s. 178 Alizadeh Mahmoud M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 179 Alizadeh Mehdi (Bijan) 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 180 Alizadeh Zahed-sefat Qassem 28 M Orumieh H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Orumeih F.s. 181 Alizaghi Zia 33 M Najaf S. Nov. 11, 88 Gohardasht Hang 182 Allahyari Sartip M 1988 Evin Ex. 183 Allahyari Alireza 24 M Karaj H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 184 Allahyari Majid 24 M Abadan Jan. 89 Ahvaz Ex. 185 Allame Araqi Homayoun M Univ. S Mar. 89 Tehran F.s. 186 Allame Ha eri Fazilat 29 M Shahroud Univ. S Nov. 88 Tehran Hang. 187 Alooki Qassem 29 M Tehran S Dec. 12, 88 Evin Hang. 188 Alshafie Mostafa M 1988 F.s. 189 Alvani 1988 Shiraz Ex. 190 Alvari Reza 31 M H.s.dip. Mar. 5, 89 Ex. 191 Ameri Ozra 28 F 1988 Andimeshk Ex. 192 Amin Reza 18 M Astaneh Ashrafieh S Dec. 88 Tehran Hang. 193 Amin Reza 19 M Astaneh Ashrafieh S 1988 Rasht Ex. 141

142 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 194 Amin Massoud 16 M Astaneh Ashrafieh S Dec. 88 Tehran Hang. 195 Amin-oltolieh Seyyd Shams 25 M Tehran S Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 196 Amini Ayyoub 26 M Sepidan S Aug. 88 Shiraz Hang. 197 Amini Khosro 36 M Paveh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex. 198 Amini Reza 28 M Sonqor Koliae H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Ex. 199 Amini Kamran M Sep. 88 Ex. 200 Amini Mohammadreza 37 M Hamedan B.s Hamedan Ex. 201 Amini Massoud 25 M Sonqor Koliae Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 202 Amini Massoumeh 25 F Sonqor H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Gohardasht Ex. 203 Amini Khah Seyyed Mehdi 21 M S 1988 Ex. 204 Amini Khah Mashallah M Dec. 88 Bushehr Ex. 205 Aminian Jamshid M Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 206 Aminian Alireza 26 M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 207 Aminifar Baratali M Meskin Abad S 1988 Ahwaz Ex. 208 Amininia Jamshid 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Jul. 27, 88 Evin Ex. 209 Aminpour Jamshid 28 M Karaj S Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 210 Amir Akram Isma il 27 M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 211 Amir Bahrami Mohammad 22 M S 1988 Evin Ex. 212 Amiri M Fahlian Hassani 1988 Ex. 213 Amiri M Sep.88 Mashad Ex. 214 Amiri Parvin 27 F Kandooleh S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 215 Amiri Jahanbakhsh M Kermanshah S Dec. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 216 Amiri Hamidreza M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 217 Amiri Alireza M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 218 Amiri Morteza 26 M Kermanshah H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex. 219 Amiri (Amini) Mohsen 32 M Shahzand Arak B.s. Sep. 88 Arak Ex. 220 Amirian Kiomars 20 M Sonqor 1988 Gohardasht Ex. 221 Amjad Majid M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 222 Amjadi Abdolnasser 29 M Karaj H.s.dip. Jul. 31, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 223 Amjadi Tousi Khosro 29 M Abadan H.s.dip. Aug Evin Ex. 224 Amoli Ahmad M Aug Evin Hang. 225 Amouzgar Reza 34 M Fasa H.s.dip. Oct. 10, 88 Adel Abad F.s. 226 Amouzgar Ali 34 M Shiraz H.s.dip. Nov. 29, 88 Shiraz F.s. 142

143 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 227 Amouzgar Alireza 29 M Fasa H.s.dip Shiraz Hang. 228 Amouzgar Mehri F 1988 Adel Abad Ex. 229 Amouzgar Navid 26 M S Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang. 230 Amri Hamid 29 M Arak H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Vakil Abad Ex. 231 Amshasband Mehdi 29 M Qom S Aug. 88 Qom Hang. 232 Anosheh Barikabi Seyyed Mohammad 29 M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Aug. 5, 88 Dezful Ex. 233 Ansari Jaber 28 M S Jul. 29, 88 Hang. 234 Ansari Mohsen M 1988 Ex. 235 Ansari Azarbijan S Aug. 88 Qom Ex. 236 Ansi Seddiqeh 24 F Tehran H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang. 237 Anzhdani Amir 25 M Kermanshah S Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 238 Aqahayan Farah 28 F Isfahan S Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 239 Aqahayan Amir 22 M Shahrood S Jan. 89 Shahrood F.s. 240 Aqahayan Abdolaziz 39 M Larestan Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s. 241 Aqahayan Abdolvahhab 23 M Larestan Dec. 88 Lar F.s. 242 Aqahei Majid 27 M Behbahan S Nov. 88 Behbahan F.s. 243 Aqvami Maliheh 26 F Shahrood S Jan. 89 Tehran Hang. 244 Aqvami Mehdi M Dec. 88 Tehran Ex. 245 Aqvamipanah Mohammad-reza 23 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 246 Aqyani Mehri F 1988 Tehran Hang. 247 Arab Ali M Homayoun-shahr H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 248 Arab Majid 21 M Zahedan S. Aug. 88 Zahedan F.s. 249 Arab Mohammad 25 M Ahwaz H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 250 Arab Mohammad Reza 22 M Zahedan H.s.dip. Aug. 11, 88 Zahedan F.s. 251 Arab Mojahed Ali 22 M H.s.s. Aug Zahedan Ex. 252 Arab Taheri Ali Asghar 25 M Gorgan H.s.dip Gorgan F.s. 253 Arab Vaziri Alireza 30 M P.dip. Sep. 88 Semnan Hang 254 Arabi Bahman 24 M Garmsar H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Garmsar F.s. 255 Arabi Kheder Mehdi 26 M Khadar-shandiz H.s.dip Vakil Abad Hang 256 Arabian Mohammad Ali 21 M Sedeh Isfahan H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 257 Araghi Farahani Majid 27 M Arak H.s.s. Sep. 88 Arak F.s. 258 Aram Mojtaba 25 M 1988 Tehran Hang. 259 Aramin Siavoush M Tehran S 1988 Evin 143

144 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 260 Arang Ali 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 261 Arasteh Majid M Jan. 89 Shirza Ex. 262 Arbab -ali Tehrani Qassem 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 263 Arbab-zadeh Ali 25 M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 264 Arbabi Hossein 28 M Qom H.s.dip Qom Ex. 265 Arbabi Reza 40 M 1988 Gohardasht Hang. 266 Ardebili Mehrdad 35 M Tehran B.s. Jul. 31, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 267 Ardekani Jafar 40 M Gorgan Aug. 2, 88 Evin Ex. 268 Ardekani-moqaddam Mohammad 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 269 Ardeshir-zadeh Bahram M 1988 Ex. 270 Ardeshiri M Oct. 88 Kazeroon Ex. 271 Ardeshiri M Oct. 89 Evin Ex. 272 Ardestani Hamid-reza 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 273 Arjomand Nov. 1, 88 Adel-abad Ex. 274 Arjomandi M Sep. 88 Qazvin Ex. 275 Arjomandi Akbar 26 M Astara H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Rasht Ex. 276 Armian Mahmoud 26 M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 277 Armin Mahmoud 28 M Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 278 Arooji Zare Jaber 32 M Astara H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Rasht Ex. 279 Arshadi Javad 31 M Zanjan H.s.dip Zanjan Ex. 280 Aryan Heshmatollah 31 M Dec.88 Evin Ex. 281 Aryan Bijan 22 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 282 Aryan-nezhad Mohsen M 1988 Evin Ex. 283 Arzhangi Houshang 47 M Tehran M.s.d. Aug.13, 88 Evin Hang. 284 Asadollahi Reza 25 M Tehran S 1988 Gonbad Ex. 285 Asekh Ahmad 28 M Andimeshk S Aug. 2, 88 Dezful F.s. 286 Asgar Khani Mojtaba 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 287 Asgar Shahi Zahra 24 F Tehran Nov. 17, 88 Evin F.s. 288 Asgari Sep, 88 Karaj F.s. 289 Asgari Seyyed M. Hassan 27 M Mazandaran H.s.dip. Aug. 13, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 290 Asgari Sirous 26 M Masjed Soleiman H.s.s. Aug. 88 Isfahan 291 Asgari Shahla(zahra) 26 F H.s.s. Aug Evin Hang. 292 Asgari Alireza 29 M Tehran Univ.s Oct. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 144

145 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 293 Asgari Mohammad 22 M Isfahan H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 294 Asgari Mohammadreza 25 M H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin F.s. 295 Asgari Mansour 31 M Aznai Aligoudarz H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Hamedan F.s. 296 Asgari Pour Kurdkuy Sep. 88 Gorgan F.s. 297 Asgari Zadeh Mahmoud M Oct. 88 Tehran F.s. 298 Asgari(khatam-abadi) Ahmad 28 M Tehran Univ.s Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 299 Asghar Nezhad Isma el 34 M Sep. 88 Langrood Ex. 300 Asghar Zadeh Ali M Tehran S 1988 Ex. 301 Asghar Zadeh Farid 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 302 Asghar Zadeh Mahmoud 28 M Bandar Anzali H.s.s Ex. 303 Asghar Zadeh Vahid M Sep. 88 Tehran Ex. 304 Asgharian Nader 30 M Babol H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Babol EX. 305 Asgharipoor Sep. 88 Gorgan Ex. 306 Ashouri Mohammad 25 M Ashoor Shahrood H.s.s. Sep. 88 Tehran F.x. 307 Ashouri Bahram M Noshar Sep. 88 Noshahr F.s. 308 Ashrafi Ali 30 M Tabriz Aug. 88 Tabriz Ex. 309 Ashrafi Mohammad 23 M Shahrood S Jan. 89 Tehran Ex. 310 Ashrafzadeghan Seyyed Hassan 23 M Roodsar Sep. 88 Rasht Ex. 311 Ashtari Aziz M Behbahan Mar. 89 Evin Ex. 312 Ashtari Mehrdad 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 313 Ashtiani Ali 20 M Tehran H.s.dip. Sep. 29, 88 Evin F.s. 314 Asiaban Hassan 28 M Kashan S 1988 Isfahan F.s. 315 Asiabani Khosrow 30 M Khaoy S Oct. 88 Orumieh F.s. 316 Askia Mina (Qamar) 22 F B.s Tehran Hang. 317 Aslani Majid 28 M Mianeh H.s.dip Mianeh Ex. 318 Asna-ashari M Teolog. S Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 319 Asoya Jafar 40 M H.s.dip Oct. 88 Ex. 320 Assad Abdolreza 33 M Shiraz 1988 Ex. 321 Assad Pour Jalal 30 M Mashad H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Mashad Ex. 322 Assadi Jalal 18 M Mashad S Aug. 88 Mashad Ex. 323 Assadi Jamshid 27 M Boroojerd H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 324 Assadi Hojjat 27 M Lahijan S. Jul.29, 88 Rasht Hang. 325 Assadi Effat 28 F Qom Pharms. Dec. 88 Tehran Ex. 145

146 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 326 Assadi Alireza 27 M Masjed-suleiman H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 327 Assadi Nader 30 M Masjed -suleiman Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 328 Assadi Jabbari Mahmoud 24 M Ahwaz S Aug. 88 Ahwaz Ex. 329 Assivand 1988 Masjid Soleiman Ex. 330 Atabaki Mostafa 26 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin Hang. 331 Atighechi Kamal 31 M Zanjan Univ.s Zanjan F.s. 332 Atrak Ali 20 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.S. 333 Atrak Farrokhzad 21 M Isfahan S Aug. 22, 88 Isfahan F.s. 334 Atrak Farhad 31 M Isfahan S Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 335 Atta ii Ahad 30 M Khorram-darreh H.s.dip Ghazvin Ex. 336 Atta ii Hassan 25 M H.s.dip Shiraz Hang. 337 Atta ii Hossein M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 338 Atta ii Mohammad M Oct. 88 Evin F.s. 339 Atta ii Mehdi 26 M Tehran S. Sep. 88 Evin Hang. 340 Atta ii Tehrani Seyyed Kambiz 22 M Tehran H.s.s. Jan. 89 Evin Hang. 341 Attaran Mohsen 28 M H.s.dip Mashad Hang. 342 Attari Ali 25 M Sangar-shaghaji S. Aug. 88 F.s. 343 Attarian- Nejad Saeed M Aug.16, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 344 Attarodi Mohammad 31 M Ghouchan Oct. 20, 88 Mashad Hang. 345 Attarzadeh Behrouz 21 M Mashad S. Oct. 88 Evin Hang. 346 Attarzadeh Mohsen 27 M Mashad H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang. 347 Attarzadeh(attari) Azam (Shahrbanoo) 27 F Boroujerd H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin Ex. 348 Ayatollah-zadeh Shirazi Razieh 36 F B.s. Nov. 1, 88 Evin Hang. 349 Ayatollahi F Dec. 88 Shiraz Ex. 350 Ayouzi Alamdari Faramarz 27 M Tehran H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 351 Azad Rahim 23 M Qa emshahr H.s.dip. Feb. 89 Babol Ex. 352 Azad-abkenari Mazaher 27 M Abkenar Anzali H.s.dip Rasht Ex. 353 Azadegan Rahim 25 M Isfahan - Sedeh H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 354 Azadeh Hassan 25 M S Aug. 88 Evin 355 Azadi Hassan M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 356 Azadi-khoh Rahim 27 M Homayoon-shahr H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex. 357 Azadmanesh Mohammad-reza 24 M Varamin S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 358 Azadmehr Safdar 30 M Islam-abad S Aug. 88 Evin Ex. 146

147 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 359 Azali Reza 28 M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 360 Azami Abdolrazzaq 21 M Khonj - Lorestan H.s.dip. Dec. 7, 88 Adel-abad Ex. 361 Azami Houshang 29 M Golpayegan S Oct. 88 Isfahan Ex. 362 Azami Houshang M Nov. 88 Tabriz Ex. 363 Azar Mokhtar M Darab Fars Sep.17, 88 Shiraz Ex. 364 Azar Kayvan Anousheh 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 365 Azaran Reza 26 M Maragheh H.s.s. Aug. 88 Sari F.s. 366 Azarang Davood 30 M Zanjan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 367 Azarash Gorgani Ali 27 M Tehran S Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 368 Azari Davar M 1988 Tehran Ex. 369 Azari Davood M Sep. 88 Tehran Ex. 370 Azarm Youssef 25 M Chaf - Lahijan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 371 Azhdar Afshar Akbar M Abadan S Sep. 88 Ahvaz Ex. 372 Azhdar Afshar Ali-asghar 30 M Mashad S Aug. 88 Tehran Ex. 373 Azhini Mahmoud 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 374 Azimi Jamshid 30 M Tehran Univ.s. Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 375 Azimi Hojjat 30 M Harsin Kermanshah H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Ex. 376 Azimi Ali M Univ.s Mashad Hang. 377 AZIMI KIOMARS 25 M Rezvanshahr H.S.S. AUG. 88 RASHT HANG. 378 Azimi Bibi-hamdam 35 M Mashad Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 379 Azimzadeh Turk Mehdi 30 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 380 Aziz Saless Khalil M 1988 Ex. 381 Aziz Zadeh Maleki Shapour 31 M Tabriz S. Oct. 24, 88 Tabriz F.s. 382 Azizi Islam Abad Hang. 383 Azizi Ashraf(maryam) 24 F Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 384 Azizi Davar 28 M Ardebil P.dip. Aug. 88 Ardebil F.s. 385 Azizi Davoud M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 386 Azizi Sohbat Islamabad Hang. 387 Azizi Ali M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 388 Azizi Mohammad Sadeq 27 M Mianeh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 389 Azizi Hadi 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 390 Azizi Fard Khaless Zahra 40 F Zargan Fars H.s.s. Nov. 88 Adelabad F.s. 391 Azizian Mohammad Ali 22 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 147

148 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 392 Azkia Mina (Qamar) 22 F B.s Evin Hang. 393 Azmoodeh Alireza 31 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 394 Azmoodeh Lakami Fakhri 32 F Rashat H.s.dip Rahst F.s. 395 Baba ii Beheshteh 25 F Rasht H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Rasht F.s. 396 Baba ii Ali 27 M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 397 Baba ii Alireza 23 M Kerman H.s.s. Sep. 88 Kerman F.s. 398 Babashahf Boyouk 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 399 Babri Abri M Sep. 88 Bandar Anzali F.s. 400 Babri Iraj 29 M Bandadr Anzali H.s.dip Rasht F.s. 401 Babri Hassan M Bandar Anzali Aug. 88 Rasht Hang. 402 Babri Saeid 27 M Bandar Anzali H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Rasht F.s. 403 Babri Farzan 26 M Bandar Anzali H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s. 404 Babri Massoud 24 M Bandar Anzali H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rahst F.s. 405 Badan Ara Habib M 1988 F.s. 406 Badri Ghara Gheshlaghi Nasser 26 M Salmas S Oct. 88 Tabriz F.s. 407 Bafian Tousi Mohsen M P.dip. Dec. 89 Mashad F.s. 408 Baghban Dorrani Farahmand M Tehran Aug. 88 Tehran F.s. 409 Baghbani Yahya 24 M Boroujen Univ. S Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 410 Bagheri Parvin 19 F Ahvahz S Dec. 89 Evin Hang. 411 Bagheri Javad 27 M Sonqor H.s.dip Gohardasht Hang. 412 Bagheri Javad 28 M H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Kermanshah F.s. 413 Bagheri Zeinab 30 F Ahwaz H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Ahwaz F.s. 414 Bagheri Sirous M Sep. 88 F.s. 415 Bagheri Amel 23 M Khalkhal Sep. 23, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 416 Bagheri Gholamhossein 30 M Borazjan P.dip Bandar Abbas Hang. 417 Bagheri M.Hossein 32 M Isfahan H.s.dip Qezel Hesar F.s. 418 Bagheri Mohmmad Ali 27 M H.s.dip Shiraz Hang. 419 Bagheri Massoud M 1988 F.s. 420 Bagheri Mehrdad 23 M Ahwaz H.s.dip. Dec. 89 Ahwaz F.s. 421 Bagheri Fard Baqer M Dehkohneh Oct. 88 Lahijan F.s. 422 Bagheri Ghaziani Ali 28 M Bandar Anzali H.s.dip Rasht F.s. 423 Bagheri Tahani Reza M Tehran H.s.dip Tehran Ex. 424 Bagheri Tava Nez hat F Oct. 88 Rasht F.s. 148

149 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 425 Baghi Mohammad 25 M Khorram Abad S Jul. 30, 88 Khorram Abad F.s. 426 Bahador Akram 35 F B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 427 Bahadori Mahboubeh F Abadan S Aug. 88 Isfahan Ex. 428 Bahadori Qashqa ii Morad 26 M Shiraz S Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 429 Bahadori Qashqa ii Ibrahim 32 M Shiraz H.s.dip Shiraz F.s. Kashkooli 430 Bahman Amini Mohammad 26 M Abadan Univ.s. Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s. 431 Bahmani Hamid 22 M Astaneh Ashrafieh S Aug. 3, 88 Rasht F.s. 432 Bahr-e Kazemi Nosrat 25 F Lahijan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang. 433 Bahraini Akram 26 M Isfahan Univ.s 1988 Isfahan F.s. 434 Bahrami M Sep. 88 Evin F.s. 435 Bahrami Zahra F Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 436 Bahrami Fereidoon 29 M Zanjan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 437 Bahrami Koroush 24 M Kermanshah Sep. 88 Gohardasht Ex. 438 Bahrami M.Hossein M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 439 Bahrami Eivanaki Fereidoon 28 M Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 440 Bahrami Fard Mohsen 35 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 28, 88 Rasht F.s. 441 Bahrami Hidji Daryoush 24 M Tehran S Sep. 88 Evin Hang. 442 Bahramian (Bahrami) Valli 37 M Malekan Tabriz Sep. 9, 88 Tabriz Hang. 443 Bahremand Jafar 26 M H.s.dip Mashad Hang. 444 Bahri Hossein 27 M Jul. 31, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 445 Bajian Ahmad M Abadadn 1988 Arak F.s. 446 Bajoor Arash 25 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 447 Bajoor Arash 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 448 Bakali Ali 28 M Univ.s Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 449 Bakhsh-e Jahan Hossein 39 M Tehran H.s.s Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 450 Bakhsha ii Mahmoud M Dec. 88 Tehran F.s. 451 Bakhsha ii Mahmoud M Dec. 88 Kerman Ex. 452 Bakhsha ii Nasrollah 25 M Golpayegan H.s.s Nov. 3, 88 Evin Hang. 453 Bakhshandeh Hamid 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 454 Bakhshandeh Davood 29 M Amol Univ.s Dec. 88 Evin Hang. 455 Bakhshi Bakhshali M Khalkhal H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s. 456 Bakhshi Hossein 35 M Tehran Sep. 88 Evin F.s. 149

150 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 457 Bakhshi Nazar Majid 36 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Hamedan F.s. 458 Bakhshi-tari Hamid Reza 28 M Tehran Univ. S Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 459 Bakhshi-zadeh 26 M B.s. Sep. 88 Gorgan F.s. 460 Bakhshyari Jalil 28 M H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Dezful F.s. 461 Bakhtiari Mehrab M 1988 Dezful F.s. 462 Bakhtiari Abdollah M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 463 Bakhtiari Ossman M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 464 Bakhtiari Nasrollah M Aug. 88 Ilam Hang. 465 Bakhtiari Nosratollah M Izeh 1988 Ilam F.s. 466 Bala ii Taher 31 M Hashtpar Tavalesh H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Rasht F.s. 467 Bamoniri Abdolsattar 25 M Abadan H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 468 Banani Abdolhossein 31 M Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 469 Banavi Massoud 27 M H.s.dip Shiraz Hang. 470 Bandar Hamid 25 M Tehran H.s.s Nov. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 471 Bandehkhoda Farhad 25 M Isfahan H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 472 Bandi M Nov. 88 Semnan F.s. 473 Bani Jangaloo Ahmad 24 M Orumeih S Nov. 3, 88 Orumieh F.s. 474 Bani-amerian Afshin 21 M Songor S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 475 Bani-amerian Ramin 22 M Songor H.s.s Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 476 Bani-amerian Reza 31 M Songor Kolyaee H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 477 Bani-ardalan Ali-asghar M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 478 Bani-hashemi Assadollah 25 M Semnan H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Evin F.s. 479 Bani-morovvati Mohammad M 1988 Ilam F.s. 480 Baradaran Ehsan 28 M Kashan H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Kashan F.s. 481 Baradaran Gooran Mohammad Hadi 26 M Kermanshah H.s.s Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 482 Baradaran Moqaddam Ali-asghar 26 M Qouchan H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Mashad Hang. 483 Barahoo ii Habibollah M Zahedan 1988 Sis&Baluchistan Ex. 484 Barandak Habibollah M 1988 Tehran F.s. 485 Barani Hossein 40 M Gonaveh B.s Gohardasht Hang. 486 Barari Rassoul 30 M Zanjan Aug. 88 Mashhad F.s. 487 Barari Zahra (Shamsi) 40 F Zanjan Nov. 88 Vakil Abad F.s. 488 Barati Bagherabadi Mojtaba 24 M Mashad H.s.dip. Aug. 24, 88 Vakil Abad Hang. 489 Baravardeh Hassan 26 M Bushehr Aug. 88 F.s. 150

151 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 490 Barazandeh Massoumeh 20 F Gachsaran S Sep Gachsaran Hang. 491 Bargak Daryoush 26 M Bushehr 1988 Bushehr F.s. 492 Barzabadi Farahani Morteza 26 M Arak H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Arak F.s. 493 Barzegar Nasser 27 M Foman Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 494 Barzegar Sep. 88 Adel Abad Ex. 495 Bashiri Bakhsh Ali 26 M Khalkahl H.s.s 1988 Rasht F.g. 496 Bastaki Qasem Ali 29 M H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Arak Hang. 497 Bateni Mahmoud 29 M Shalman Lagrrood P.dip. Dec. 89 Rasht F.s. 498 Bavar Ali 25 M Lahijan H.s.s. Sep. 88 Rasht F.s. 499 Bazarghani F Oct. 88 Kermanshah F.s. 500 Bazaz Haghighat Talab Taher 29 Univ. S Sep. 88 Zanjan F.s. 501 Bazgooneh Hossein 15 M Lahijan S 1988 Lahijan F.s. 502 Baziarpour Abbas 47 M Borazjan Nov. 88 Borazjan F.s. 503 Bazirpour Mohammad M Borazjan Nov. 88 Borazjan F.s. 504 Beegham Amir Mehran 25 M Tehran S Aug. 20, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 505 Beehamta Tousi Mohammad 30 M Mashad H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Mashad Hang. 506 Behboodi Ali Akbar (Sirous) 28 M Rasht Univ. S. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang. 507 Beheshti Tabar Hurieh F Isfahan M.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 508 Behnam Zadeh Behrooz 29 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 509 Behnia Yaqub M Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s. 510 Behnik Hassan 25 M Sabzevar H.s.s Sep. 88 Mashad Hang. 511 Behrangi Abdollah M Tehran Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 512 Behzad Mostafa 22 M Tehran S Oct. 88 Evin F.s. 513 Behzadi 15 M 1988 Tehran F.s. 514 Behzadi Hassan M Hashtpar Tavalesh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht Ex. 515 Behzadi Nematollah M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 516 Behzadi Nezhad Mostafa 22 M Dezful S Sep. 3, 88 Dezful F.s. 517 Beigdeli Isma eel 20 M H.s.s Evin Tor. 518 Beighi Sadeq M 1988 Ex. 519 Beighi Hadi 31 M Delijan Isfahan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 520 Beiglari Isma il 27 M Babol S Nov. 88 Evin Hang. 521 Beiglari Mehrdad 28 M Lahijan P.dip. Nov. 88 Lahijan F.s. 522 Beikmohammadi Mohammad Reza 33 M Hezareh Arak H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Evin Hang. 151

152 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method Hezareh 523 Beilghoosh Ibrahim M Roodsar Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 524 Berenjian Massoud M 1988 F.s. 525 Biabanaki Behnam 24 M Garmsar S Sep. 88 Semnan F.s. 526 Biabangard Mehrabani Habib 24 M Zahedan S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 527 Bidarian Bahram 29 M Tehran Univ.s. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 528 Bidokhti Hassan 30 M Semnan 1988 Ex. 529 Bidokhti Hossein 28 M Tehran H.s.s. Dec. 88 Evin F.s. 530 Bijani Akbar 25 M Qasr-e Shirin S Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 531 Bijanyar Zahra 28 F H.s.dip. Jan. 10, 89 Gohardasht F.s. 532 Bijanzadeh Mohammad M 1988 Shiraz Hang. 533 Biranvand Sadeq 25 M Andimeshk Univ.s Dezful Ex. 534 Bitarafan Mehdi 33 M Qom M.s. Jan. 15, 89 Qom F.s. 535 Bolbolian Roshan 38 M Tehran M.s. Aug. 16, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 536 Bordbar Mehrdad 25 M Fasa H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Adel Abad F.s. 537 Borhani Seyyed Ahmad 27 M Qazvin P.dip. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 538 Borhani Seyyed M.Hossein 25 M Qazvin S Aug. 88 Qazvin F.s. 539 Boubini Abdolreza (Kambiz) 26 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 540 Boubini Alireza (Kamran) 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 541 Boubini Kia M Aug. 88 Ex. 542 Boubini Kimi M 1988 Ex. 543 Boubini Kiomars 22 M S Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 544 Boudaghi Nossratollah 27 M Univ.s. Nov. 88 Hamedan F.s. 545 Bourbour Khalil 25 M Garmsar Dec. 88 Semann F.s. 546 Boushehri Ali M Dec. 16, 88 Evin F.s. 547 Bouzi Manouchehr 28 M Mianeh H.s.dip. Aug. 9, Bozorg Bashar Manuchehr 33 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 12, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 549 Bozorgan Fard Gholamreza 30 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aus. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 550 Chahar Roosta Shiraz Feb. 17, 89 Shiraz F.s. 551 Chaki Sha ban 32 M 1988 Evin F.s. 552 Chamani Behzad (Ali) 27 M Rasht H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Rasht F.s. 553 Chamansara Hamid M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 554 Changizi Fariba 29 F Shiraz B.s. Jan. 89 Shiraz F.s. 152

153 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 555 Chardah Cherik Gholam Shah 22 M Gachsaran H.s.s. Sep. 88 Gachsaran F.s. 556 Charhar Mahalli Touraj 30 M P.dip Shiraz Hang. 557 Charooseh Massoud 28 M Abadan H.s.s Ahvaz F.s. 558 Chartabi Samad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 559 Chehreh Azad Abolfazl M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 560 Chehri Zabihollah 26 M Harsin S Sep. 88 Gohardasht F.s. 561 Chenari Amir M Dec. 88 Tehran F.s. 562 Cheraghi Rahman 22 M Kouchesfahan S Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 563 Cheraghi Karim M 1988 F.s. 564 Cheraghi Mohammad Reza 28 M Khorram Abad 1988 F.s. 565 Choobdar Ibrahim 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 566 Choobian Kourosh M Tehran Univ. S. Dec. 88 Evin F.s. 567 Dadgar Amir 30 M Kerman B.s. Sep. 88 Evin Expl. 568 Dadgar Majid M Oct. 16, 88 Hang. 569 Dadgar Massoumeh F Oct. 16, 88 Hang. 570 Dadkhah Rassoul M 1988 Adel Abad F.s. 571 Dadseresht Saeed 30 M Hamedan B.s. Aug. 11, 88 Hamedan F.s. 572 Dadsetan Zari 21 F Roodsar H.s.s. Sep. 88 Rasht F.s. 573 Daknama Afaq 30 F Shiraz Univ. S. Oct. 23, 88 Evin Hang. 574 Daknama Majid 26 M Shiraz Univ. S. Aug. 88 Shiraz Ex. 575 Dalili Hamid 26 M Astaneh Ashrafieh Jan. 89 Rasht F.s. 576 Daliri Parviz 17 M Astaneh Ashrafieh H.s.s Rasht Hang. 577 Dalman Hassan 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 578 Dalvand Hassan 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 579 Damghanian Hassan 26 M Semnan H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Mashad Hang. 580 Damghanian Reza M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 581 Dana ii M.Ibrahim 28 M Semnan H.s.dip. Oct. 23, 88 Semnan Hang. 582 Danesh- Abkenari Khossrow 29 M Abkenar-anzali H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s. 583 Daneshvar Mohammad-reza 30 M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 584 Daniali Saeed 21 M H.s.s. Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 585 Daniali Sohail 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Nov. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 586 Dankoub Hassan M Gorgan 1988 Gorgan F.s. 587 Dar-afarin Ardalan 23 M Lahijan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 153

154 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 588 Darabi Hamid 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Dec. 8, 88 Evin F.s. 589 Darabi Hamid-reza 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 590 Darabi Reza M Broujerd Oct. 88 Boroujerd Hang. 591 Darabi Mohsen M Broujerd B.s. Sep. 23, 88 Boroujerd Hang. 592 Darabi Massoud 25 M Broujerd H.s.s Nov. 88 Boroujerd F.s. 593 Darabi Mansour M Broujerd H.s.s. Sep. 23, 88 Boroujerd Hang. 594 Darabi Mansoureh 24 M Broujerd H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Boroujerd Tor. 595 Darafarin Ardakan 25 M Lahijan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 596 Darbari Mehdi 18 M Fasa H.s.s Shiraz F.s. 597 Daroodi Abdoullah 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 598 Daroodi Ali M Ph.d Hang. 599 Darvish Noori Mohammad 28 M Karaj H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 600 Darvishi Abdol Rahman M Tavalesh-rasht H.s. Dip. Aug. 11, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 601 Darvishvand Mohammad 29 M Masjid Solaiman 1988 Masjid Soleiman F.s. 602 Daryabari 1988 Evin Ex. 603 Dashtban Heydar M 1988 Adelabad Ex. 604 Dashti Fariba 25 F Abadan H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang. 605 Dastian Akbar 27 M Babol H.s.s. Nov. 88 Amol Ex. 606 Davachi Jamshid M Tehran P. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 607 Davari Gholam-reza 29 M Zanjan B.s. Sep. 88 Zanjan F.s. 608 Davari Mohammad-taghi 25 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 609 Davood-pour Mohsen 24 M Makoo H.s.s. Sep. 88 Orumieyeh Hang. 610 Davood-zadeh H.s.s. Oct. 88 Rasht F.s. 611 Davoodi Jalal M 1988 Tehran Hang. 612 Davoodi Hossein 26 M Babol H.s.dip. Jul. 29, 88 Babol F.s. 613 Davoodi Reza 27 M Varamin 1988 Tehran Hang. 614 Davoodi Tahereh 29 F H.s.s Tehran F.s. 615 Davoodi M.Ibrahim 32 M Babol Aug. 88 Babol Hang. 616 Davoodi Taqi 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 617 Dehdar Parviz M Aug. 88 Shiraz Ex. 618 Dehghan Hossein 30 M Borazjan H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Hang. 619 Dehghani Massoud 31 M Makou P. Dip. Oct. 4, 88 Orumieh F.s. 620 Dehghani Yadollah 23 M H.s.s Aug. 16, 88 Rasht F.s. 154

155 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 621 Dehghani Ali Akbar 29 M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 622 Dehghanzadeh Mahmoud 24 M Ahwaz H.s. Dip Oct. 88 Ahwaz F.s. 623 Dehkhar Qani Soheila F B.s F.s. 624 Dehnad Hadi 27 M Lahijan H.s. Dip. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 625 Dehnadi Ahmad 31 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Evin Hang. 626 Dehpanah Amanollah 26 M Univ. S Mashad Hang. 627 Delavar Sep. 88 Gonbad-e Kavous Ex. 628 Delavari Gholamreza M Nov. 88 Semnan F.s. 629 Deliri Maryam F Rasht H.s.s. Nov. 88 Rasht F.s. 630 Deliri Massoud 27 M Tehran H.s. Dip Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 631 Deljou ii Sabet Mohammad Reza 23 M Lahijan H.s.s. Aug. 4, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 632 Delkash Faramarz 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Oct. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 633 Delkash Farhad 25 M Karaj H.s. Dip Karaj Hang. 634 Delkhosh Mohammad Reza 24 M Lahijan H.s.s F.s. 635 Delsouzi Akbar 24 M H.s. Dip. Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang. 636 Delzendeh Iraj M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 637 Denarood Rahim M Oct. 88 Dezful F.s. 638 Derakhshani- Nia Mehri 23 F H.s.s. Nov. 88 Tehran Hang. 639 Dezfuli Ramin 21 M H.s.s. Oct. 8, 88 Evin F.s. 640 Deziani Mohammad Hassan 26 M Shahrood H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang. 641 Diba ii Reza 22 M Rasht S. Nov. 10, 88 Rashat F.s. 642 Diyanat Fatollah M Tehran 1988 Evin Ex. 643 Diyanat Ghasem 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 644 Diyari Mehdi 24 M Fasa H.s.s. Sep. 30, 88 Shiraz F.s. 645 Dolfi Sakineh 26 F Abadan H.s. Dip. Sep. 19, 88 Ahwaz F.s. 646 Donyavi Gholam Rassoul 35 M Zahedan H.s.s. Aug. 5, 88 Zahedan F.s. 647 Doorandish Mahmoud Ali 29 M Zahedan Univ. S. Aug. 17, 88 Evin Hang. 648 Doost Mohammadi Hamid 33 M Semnan Univ. S. Nov. 88 Tehran Hang. 649 Dorkhah Abdoul-rassoul M 1988 Shiraz Hang. 650 Dorostkar Sirang 30 M Rasht H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 651 Doroud Mohammad 26 M Univ. S. Nov. 88 Qezel Hesar F.s. 652 Doroudi-ashkiki Rashid 30 M Rasht H.s. Dip Gohardasht Hang. 653 Doroudian Hossein M 1988 F.s. 155

156 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 654 Doroudian Mohammad- Ali 29 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 655 Doroudian Mostafa 27 M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 656 Dowlatabadi Ahmad M 1988 Ex. 657 Dowlatabadi Mahmoud 31 M Sabzevar P. Dip. Nov. 88 Vakilabad Hang. 658 Dowlatabadi (Female) Nov. 88 Sabzevar F.s. 659 Dowlati Mohammad M Kermanshah H.s. Dip. Aug. 1, 88 Kermanshah F.s. 660 Dowlati Nowdeh Ramezan Ali 32 M Gorgan H.s. Dip. Aug. 23, 88 Gorgan F.s. 661 Dowlati Nowdeh Qanbar 30 M Gorgan Dec. 88 Gorgan F.s. 662 Dowlatshahi Nov. 88 F.s. 663 Ebad Yadollah M Tonekabon 1988 Rasht F.s. 664 Ebadi 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Ex. 665 Ebadi Bahman 30 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Ex. 666 Ebadi Shiraz 1988 Shiraz F.s. 667 Ebadi Lari Mahmoud 33 M Abadan H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Evin Hang. 668 Ebrahim-nia Farhad 22 M Nooshahr 1988 Noushahr F.s. 669 Ebrahimi Ashghar 30 M H.s.dip Evin F.s. 670 Ebrahimi Jalal 28 M Songhor Kolyaei H.s.dip Tehran Ex. 671 Ebrahimi Hassan 25 M Tehran S 1988 Evin F.s. 672 Ebrahimi Hamid M Shahrood Dec. 88 Shahrood F.s. 673 Ebrahimi Saeid 27 M Songhor Kolyaei H.s.dip Tehran Ex. 674 Ebrahimi Karim 23 M Tehran S 1988 Evin F.s. 675 Ebrahimi Nasser 20 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 676 Ebrahimi Godarzi Azizollah 30 M Ashtarinan S Nov. 88 Khorram Abad F.s. 677 Ebrahimi Savareh Ali 27 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 678 Ebrahimi-nezhad Bahman 32 M Rasht H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. Baloochi 679 Ebrahimian Hamid 30 M Shahrood S 1988 Evin F.s. 680 Ebrahimian Hadi 23 M Shahrood H.s.dip Shahrood F.s. 681 Edalat Hossein M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 682 Edalati Ahmad 28 M Rasht S Some e-sara F.s. 683 Edareh M Oct. 88 Shiraz Ex. 684 Eftekhari Mohammad-reza 30 M S Sep. 88 Tehran Ex. 685 Eftekhari Massoud 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 9, 88 Tehran Hang. 156

157 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 686 Ehsan Soheila F Aug. 88 Rasht Ex. 687 Ehsani Davood 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 688 Ehsani Reza M Mashad Aug. 88 Mashad F.s. 689 Ehsani Massoud 30 M Nayriz H.s. Dip 1988 Adel Abad F.s. 690 Ehterami Seyyed Mehdi M Behbahan S Oct. 88 Havaz F.s. 691 Eidipour 50 F Shiraz Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s. 692 Eidipour M Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s. 693 Eidipour M Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s. 694 Einaavi Mohammad 24 M Ahvaz H.s. S. Aug. 88 Ahwaz Hang. 695 Einolyaqin Zohreh 34 F Isfahan B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 696 Eivazi Alireza 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 697 Ekhtiardoost Rajab 30 M Salmas H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Orumieh Ex. 698 Ekhtiari M Oct. 88 Kerend Ex. 699 Elahi Mohammad Ali 30 M Shiraz S Aug Gohardasht Hang. 700 Emad Mahmoud 27 M H.s. Dip Shiraz Hang. 701 Emadi Seyyed Taher M Tehran Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 702 Emadi Chashmi Seyyed Hojjatollah 31 M Qa emshahr B.s. Dec. 88 Qa emshahr F.s. 703 Emadzadeh Youssef 29 M Kermanshah Univ. S Evin Hang. 704 Emami Akbar 27 M H.s.dip. Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan Ex. 705 Emami Saeid 26 M Qazvin H.s.dip. Aug. 2, 88 Evin Ex. 706 Emami Mohammad 30 M B.s. Nov. 88 Evin Ex. 707 Emami Mehrdad M Nov. 88 Tehran Ex. 708 Emami Nassrollah 28 M Abhar S Jan. 89 Zanjan Ex. 709 Emami Hedayatollah 25 M Abhar H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Zanjan Ex. 710 Emami Aug. 88 Masjid Soleiman Ex. 711 Enayat-pour Ahmad 25 M Sangsar Amol H.s. S. Aug. 88 Sari F.s. 712 Entesari Tatfi Farshid 35 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 713 Eqbali Namin Mehran M Sep. 88 Tehran Ex. 714 Eqbali Namin Nematollah 35 M Tehran B.s. Nov. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 715 Erfanian Shohreh 28 F Univ.s Aug. 25, 88 Evin Hang. 716 Es haghian Saeid 30 M Sabzevar H.s.dip Sabzevar Ex. 717 Esfandiari Hossein M 1988 Qezel Hesar Ex. 718 Esfandiari Mostafa 33 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 157

158 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 719 Esfandiari (Jafari) Davood 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 720 Esfandiari Noori Farshad 31 M B.s., Usa Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 721 Esfarayeni Shahriar 26 M Bojnoord H.s.s Vakil-abad Hang. 722 Eshghi Ahmad 30 M 1988 Ahwaz F.s. 723 Eshghi 25 Abadan H.s.dip. Jul. 31, 88 Ahwaz Ex. 724 Eskandari Gholam-hossein 30 M Mazandaran S Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 725 Eskandari Mohammad 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Mar. 89 Qezel Hesar Ex. 726 Eskandari Mahmoud 26 M Tehran Oct. 88 Evin Ex. 727 Eskandari Doorbi Fariborz 23 M H.s.s. Sep. 88 Ahvaz Ex. 728 Eskandari Tazkie ii Mitra 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Ex. 729 Eslambolchi Hamid 23 M Qochan S Dec. 88 Vakil-abad Ex. 730 Eslami F 1988 Ex. 731 Eslami M Shirvan 1988 Vakil Abad Ex. 732 Eslami Farah 25 F Ilam H.s.dip. Aug. 9, 88 Ilam Ex. 733 Eslami Maryam 29 F Shirvan B.s. Mar. 89 Vakil-abad Ex. 734 Eslami Mehdi 28 M H.s.dip. Mar. 89 Evin Ex. 735 Eslami Mehran 26 M H.s.s. Mar. 89 Gohardasht Ex. 736 Eslami Moqaddam Shirin 26 F Shirvan H.s.s. Aug. 1, 88 Vakil-abad Ex. 737 Esma il Poor Massoud 37 M Kerman S 1989 Shiraz Ex. 738 Esma ili Asghar 30 M Shahreza H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Isfahan Ex. 739 Esma ili Asghar 20 M Tehran H.s.dip Evin Ex. 740 Esma ili Iraj 28 M Shahreza H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Isfahan Ex. 741 Esma ili Behrooz 25 M Lahijan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Lahijan Ex. 742 Esma ili Parvaneh 22 F Shahreza Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan Ex. 743 Esma ili Tooraj 30 M Shahreza 1988 Ex. 744 Esma ili Teymoor 35 M Isfahan 1988 Evin Ex. 745 Esma ili Rassoul 27 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 746 Esma ili Saber M Aug. 88 Tehran Ex. 747 Esma ili Fatemeh 25 F Shahreza B.s. Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan Ex. 748 Esma ili Keyghobad 27 M Shahreza S Aug. 88 Isfahan Ex. 749 Esma ili Mahnaz 22 F Isfahan 1988 Evin Ex. 750 Esma ili Eyvanaki Effat 29 F Tehran S Aug. 25, 88 Evin Ex. 751 Esma ilian M Dec. 88 Shahreza Ex. 158

159 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 752 Esma ilzadeh Rassoul 27 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 753 Esma ilzadeh Saber 27 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang. Mehmandoost 754 Etemad-zadeh Mehran 26 M Qazvin H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Qazvin Ex. 755 Etemadi Leyla (Tayyebeh) 31 F 1988 Mashad Ex. 756 Etemadol-eslam Mostafa 33 M Mashad S Aug. 88 Rasht Hang. 757 Exeer Hossein 28 M Dezful H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Dezful Ex. 758 Fada i Iraj 31 M Hashtpar Aug. 88 Rasht Ex. 759 Fada i Ibrahim 38 M Sonqor Kolia i H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 760 Fada i Nia Farhang 25 M Ahwaz H.s.s. Aug. 1, 88 Ahwaz F.s. 761 Fada i Tabrizi Ashraf 25 F Tehran H.s. Dip Aug. 15, 88 Evin Hang. 762 Fadavi Isfahani Mohammad 38 M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 763 Fafii-naqdi Mohammad M 1988 Tehran Ex. 764 Fafii-pour Kasma ii Bahram 31 M Some eh Sara H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 765 Faghari Sa eid M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex. 766 Faghfour Maghrebi Mohsen 34 M Mashad Univ. S. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 767 Fakhar Hassan 28 M Tafrash Univ. S. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 768 Fakhar (Male) Nov. 22, 88 Evin F.s. 769 Fakharzadeh Kermani Ali 25 M Mashad H.s.s. Aug. 2, 88 Mashad Hang. 770 Fakhr Seyyed Ali 27 M Isfahan H.s. Dip Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 771 Fakhri Nader 26 M Univ. S. Nov. 88 F.s. 772 Falahati Haj Zare e Zahra 29 F Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 773 Falahatkar (Male) 1988 Evin Ex. 774 Fallah Sirous 26 M Amol H.s. Dip Dec. 88 Tehran Explo. 775 Fallah Kheirandish Mohammad Ali 29 M Lahijan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 776 Fallah Pasand Ibrahim 28 M Lahijan H.s.s. Dec. 88 Lahijan F.s. 777 Fallah Pour Anoush 21 M Mashad H.s.s Vakilabad Hang. 778 Fallah Roshan Ghalb Massoud 30 M Lahijan H.s. Dip Aug. 9, 88 Evin Hang. 779 Fallah Tohidast Reza 29 M Lahijan H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 780 Fana ii Mehrdad 26 M Tehran H.s. Dip Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 781 Fani Risfani Mohammad 30 M Torbat Heydarieh P. Dip. Sep. 88 Mashad Hang. 782 Farahani Faramarz 25 M Tehran Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 783 Farahani Hossein 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Jan. 89 Evin Ex. 159

160 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 784 Farahi Gholam Reza 31 M Babolsar H.s. Dip 1988 Sari F.s. 785 Farahmand Mohammad 28 M Noorabad H.s. Dip Dec. 88 Adelabad F.s. 786 Farahmand Morteza 29 M Lahijan H.s. Dip Jan. 89 Rasht F.s. 787 Farahmand Mehdi 24 M Babol H.s. Dip 1988 Gorgan F.s. 788 Farahmand 1988 Babol Ex. 789 Farahmanesh Mahmoud 30 M Shahr-e Babak H.s. Dip Dec. 88 Kerman Ex. 790 Faraji Eskandarani Mahmoud 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 791 Farajpour Bijan 27 M H.s. Dip Dec. 13, 88 Adelabad F.s. 792 Farajpour M Nov. 88 Kermanshah F.s. 793 Faramarzi Nahid 31 M Feb. 9, 89 Bandar Abbas F.s. 794 Fard (Pahlavan Aziz) Iraj 43 M Boroujerd 1988 Boroujerd Ex. 795 Fard Ra isi Ali M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 796 Fard Sa eidi Seyyed Ali 45 M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 797 Fardi Pour Parvin F Masjid Soleiman 1988 Masjid Soleiman F.s. 798 Fardi Pour Keshvar 29 M Masjid Soleiman H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Ahwaz F.s. 799 Farhadi Bahram 25 M Shahsavar H.s. Dip 1988 Rasht F.s. 800 Farhadi Jamshid 25 M Sanandaj H.s.s Ex. 801 Farid Kermanshah B.s. Feb. 89 Ex. 802 Faridan M 1988 Ahwaz Ex. 803 Fariden Isfahani Sadeq 26 M Fariden H.s. Dip Aug. 2, 88 Ahwaz F.s. 804 Faridi Moussa M Garmsar B.s. Nov. 88 Semnan F.s. 805 Faridoni 30 Ahwaz Univ. S. Dec. 88 Ahwaz F.s. 806 Farifteh Majid 26 M Lahijan B.s Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 807 Farjad Mohammad 32 M Tehran Univ. S. Jul Evin Hang. 808 Farmani Mohammad 26 M Karaj H.s. Dip Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 809 Faroughi Mohammad Reza 30 M Mashad Univ. S. Jul Evin Hang. 810 Farsi Hassan 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Jul. 28, 88 Evin Hang. 811 Farsi Kazem 40 M Mashad Nov. 88 Evin Hang. 812 Faryadabadi Hassan 27 M H.s.s. Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s. 813 Farzaneh Sani Mehrdad 32 M Tehran Aug. 5, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 814 Fat h-ali Ashtiani Sadri M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 815 Fat h-ali Ashtiani Mehdi 24 M Tehran H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 816 Fat h-alian Nayyereh 31 F Univ. S. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang. 160

161 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 817 Fat h-e Zanjani Behzad 27 M Tehran Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 818 Fat hi Ahmad (Ali) M Nov. 88 Semnan F.s. 819 Fat hi Hossein M Tehran Aug. 88 Tehran F.s. 820 Fat hi Ebadollah 21 M Rasht H.s.s Rasht Ex. 821 Fat hi Abbas 32 M Tehran H.s. Dip Aug. 8, 88 Evin Hang. 822 Fat hi M Tehran B.s Tehran Ex. 823 Fat hi-gohardaneh Assieh 29 F Lahijan H.s. Dip Sep. 13, 88 Evin F.s. 824 Fat hi-gohardaneh Hossein 26 M Lahijan H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 825 Fat hi-hafshejani Sa eid 27 M Hafshejan H.s. Dip 1988 Isfahan F.s. 826 Fatehi Taher 29 M Bandar Anzali H.s. Dip Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 827 Fatemi Seyyed Mohammad 30 M Behbahan Univ. S. Aug. 2, 88 Ahwaz F.s. 828 Fatemi Seyyed Hossein 30 M Saveh Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 829 Fatemi Seyyed Mohsen 27 M Saveh H.s. Dip 1988 Saveh F.s. 830 Fattahi Mehdi 65 M Islamabad H.s.s. Feb. 24, 89 Islamabad Hang. 831 Fattahian Soheila 28 F Shahr-e Kord Univ. S Evin Ex. 832 Fayazpour Reza M Jul. 30, 88 Khorramabad F.s. 833 Fayz Abadi Gholamhassan 25 M Arak H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 834 Fayz Abadi Mohammad 26 M Sabzevar H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Sabzevar F.s. 835 Fayz Abadi Gholamhossein 27 M Arak Univ. S. Aug. 13, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 836 Fayz Aqa Bash Bahram M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 837 Fayz Shandi Shirin 28 F Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 838 Fayzi Bahram M Azarbaijan Sept. 88 Evin Hang. 839 Fayzi Shahriar 29 M Ardebil Univ. S. Aug. 3, 88 Evin Hang. 840 Fayzi Ali Reza 27 M Tabriz H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Tabriz Hang. 841 Fazel Ebrahim 21 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 842 Fazl Ali Hossein 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Nov Evin F.s. 843 Fazl Ali Ali Reza 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 844 Fazli Hassan 25 M Zanjan H.s.s. Nov Zanjan F.s. 845 Fazli Hossein 24 M Tehran H.s.s Evin F.s. 846 Fazli Ali Reza M Nov Tehran F.s. 847 Fellanic Ali Reza 29 M Tehran P. Dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 848 Feraydooni Mehdi 27 M Tehran H.s.s. Nov. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 849 Fifi Bahram M 1988 Gohardasht Ex. 161

162 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 850 Firouz Ja iyan Ali Zaman 26 M Babol H.s.s Sari F.s. 851 Firouzi Reza 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin Hang. 852 Firouzi Abbas 29 M Arak Univ. S. Nov. 11, 88 Tehran F.s. 853 Firouzi Mahtab 23 F Tehran H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Ex. 854 Firouzmand Gholam M Nov. 88 F.s. 855 Forghanian Hassan 33 M Fouman H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Rasht Hang. 856 Formgah Majid M Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 857 Foroutan Ata M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 858 Forouzan Ali 13 M Rasht H.s.s. Nov. 10, 88 Rasht F.s. 859 Forouzandeh Hafshejani Sa eid 24 M Hafshejan H.s. Dip Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Tor. 860 Forsat Mohammad Javad 35 M Kazeroun H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Shiraz Hang. 861 Fouladi Behnam M Isfahan Nov. 88 Evin Ex. 862 Fouladi Hadi 27 M Rasht Univ. S. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang. 863 Fouladvand Rahim 27 M Andimeshk H.s.s. Aug. 88 Dezful F.s. 864 Gani Habib M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 865 Ganje ii Behrouz 27 M Rasht H.s.s. Dec. 21, 88 Rasht Hang. 866 Ganjikhani Behrouz 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 867 Garmroudi Manouchehr 26 M Arak H.s. Dip. Oct. 88 Arak F.s. 868 Geledar M Dec. 88 Khorramabad F.s. 869 Gera ili Bahram 26 M Qa emshahr 1988 Qa emshahr F.s. 870 Gerami Ramezan 26 M Shahreza H.s.s Isfahan F.s. 871 Geran Payeh Mehrdad 24 M Hamedan H.s. Dip Hamedan F.s. 872 Gha emi Dizaji Karim 23 M Disaj Oskoo H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Tabriz Hang. 873 Ghaffar Rashidi Yazdan 29 M Qa emshahr 1988 Qa emshahr F.s. 874 Ghaffari Hamid 24 M Yassouj H.s.s Tehran Hang. 875 Ghaffari Hamid M Aug. 88 Adelabad Hang. 876 Ghaffari Sa eid 27 M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 877 Ghaffari Abdol Hakim 29 M Taybad P.dip. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang. 878 Ghaffari Hadi 28 M H.s.s Hang. 879 Ghaffari Javad 29 M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 880 Ghaffari Koucheksara i Mohammad Mehdi 31 M Qa emshahr H.s.s Mazandaran F.s. 881 Ghaffarian Saeid M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 882 Ghaffarzadegan Davar 26 M Ardebil H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Ardebil F.s. 162

163 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 883 Ghaffouri Gharib Hassan 26 M Mashad H.s.s Vakilabad Hang. 884 Ghafouri Rashtabadi Lida 22 F Rasht H.s.s. Sep. 23, 88 Rasht F.s. 885 Ghanimati Alkarizi Mojtaba 28 M Tehran Univ. S. Nov. 4, 88 Evin F.s. 886 Ghaybshavi Jalil 28 M H.s. Dip 1988 Dezful F.s. 887 Ghayoumi Pour Farzaneh M Roudsar Sep. 88 Tehran Ex. 888 Ghayour Najafabadi Ebrahim 30 M Najafabad Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 889 Ghayouri Nasir Ebrahim 24 M Shaft H.s. Dip Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. Mahalleh 890 Ghazanfar Alireza 27 M Karaj Univ.s. Jul. 31, 88 Gohardasht Hang. pour Moghaddam 891 Ghaznavi Katayoun F Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 892 Ghazveh Ali Mohammad 40 M Islam Abad Aug. 88 Islamabad F.s. 893 Ghiyasvand Mohammad Reza M 1988 Gohardasht Ex. 894 Gholami Ahmad 25 M Qa emshahr H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Sari Hang. 895 Gholami Ahmad Reza 23 M Tehran H.s. Dip Dec. 88 Evin F.s. 896 Gholami Asghar 25 M Qa emshahr H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 897 Gholami Asghar M Rasht Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. 898 Gholami Asghar 28 M Gorgan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 899 Gholami Parvin 23 F Orumieh H.s. Dip Orumieh F.s. 900 Gholami Hojjat Ollah 25 M Abadan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 901 Gholami Hojjat Ollah 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 902 Gholami Khadijeh F Qa emshahr 1988 Qa emshahr Ex. 903 Gholami Ali 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Nov. 17, 88 Evin F.s. 904 Gholami Ali-asghar 32 M Mashad H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Mashad Hang. 905 Gholami Golnaz (Monireh) 26 F Qa emshahr H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Sari Hang. 906 Gholami Mohammad 28 M Someh Sara H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Some e- Sara 907 Gholami Nayyer 26 F Kermanshah H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 908 Gholami Asghar M Lahijan H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 909 Gholami (Male) Jul. 30, 88 Salmas F.s. 910 Gholami Mofrad Habib (Hamed) 33 M Mashad H.s.s Evin Hang. 911 Gholamnia Ali 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 912 Gholampour Ghadikolah 1988 Mazandaran F.s. 913 Gholamrezazadeh Gholamreza 27 M Abadan H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Isfahan Hang. 163

164 Victims of 1988 Massacre Mohsen Abdolhosseini Ruzbehani Abdolhossein Abdollahi AmirAbdollahi Naji Afradi Ali Afzalpour Massoud Al ai Khastou Qasem Alouki Jamshid Asadi Mansour Asghari Sirous Asghari Mahmoud Asgharzadeh Shahrbanou Attarzadeh Safdar Azadmehr Mehdi Azim Zadeh Turk Shapour Aziz Zadeh Maleki Ibrahim Bahadori Qashghaei Kashkooli 164

165 victims of 1988 Massacre Mohsen Bahrami Farid Hamid Reza Bakhshi Tari Abdulsattar Bamoniri Morteza Barz Abadi Farahani Abbas Bazyarpour Amir Mehran Beegham Isma il Bighlari Zahra Bijanyar Ali Akbar (Manuchehr) Bozorgh Bashar Massoud Charooseh Mohammad Ebrahim Dana i Massoud Darabi Fariba Dashti Sakineh Dolfi Hamid Doost Mohammadi Rashid Doroudi Ashkiki 165

166 Victims of 1988 Massacre Mahmoud Dowlat Abadi Ali Akbar Ebrahimpour Effat Esma ili Eyvanaki Massoud Esma ilpour Farah Eslami Mahmoud Faraji Eskandari Mohammad (Massoud) Farjad Hassan Farsi Hossein Fat hi Ghohardaneh Asieh Fathi Gohardaneh Hassan Fazli Abbas Firoozi Hossein Forghanian Ali (Behrooz) Ganjeh Khosravi Behrooz Ganjikhani Davar Ghaffarzadeghan 166

167 victims of 1988 Massacre Lida Ghafoori Rasht Abadi Mojtaba Ghani mati Ali Asghar Gholami Ahmad Gholami Parviz Goodarzi Ferdous Habib Akhbari Jaber Habibi Behzad Hadi Beighi Amir Houshang Hadikhanlou Morteza Hadizadeh Hamid Haghi Monie Mohammad Hossein Haghighatgoo Ali Naqi Haghighian Roodsari Gholam Abbas Haghshenas Fereshteh Hamidi Gholam Reza Hassanpour Kasma 167

168 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 914 Gilva ii Qodrat M Kouchesfahan 1988 F.s. 915 Goharnia Farideh 23 F Kermanshah H.s.s. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 916 Gol Allah Pour Hossein M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 917 Gol Mohammadi Ezzatollah 28 M Hafshejan H.s. Dip. Jul. 30, 88 Isfahan F.s. 918 Golabi Mahmoud 24 M Shahreza H.s.s. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 919 Golabzadeh Mohammad 23 M Isfahan Aug. 88 Isfahan 920 Golbarg Bahram 28 M Kermanshah Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 921 Golchin Khadijeh 23 F H.s.s. Nov. 88 Karaj F.s. 922 Golchin Ali 30 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 923 Golchini (Female) H.s.s. Oct. 88 Bandar Anzali Ex. 924 Goldan Razieh 40 F Shiraz 1988 Adelabad Ex. 925 Goldan Marzieh 40 F Shiraz 1988 Shiraz F.s. 926 Goldari Yassin 27 M Goldar, Fars 1988 Fars Ex. 927 Golestan Hashemi Seyyed M.Reza 33 F Univ. S. Aug. 88 Shiraz Hang. 928 Golestani Kamal 33 M Isfahan Univ. S Shiraz Ex. 929 Goli Ali M Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang. 930 Golij Khodayar 27 M Tonekabon H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 931 Golij Ali 23 M Tonekabon H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 932 Golpaygani Iraj 22 M Golpaygan H.s. Dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 933 Golpaygani Hassan 25 M Garmsar H.s. Dip. Jan. 89 Garmsar F.s. 934 Golpaygani Mohammad 33 M Garmsar H.s. Dip. Dec. 21, 88 Semnan F.s. 935 Golpaygani Mohammad Reza M Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 936 Golsha ii Hassan Ali 22 M Zabol H.s. Dip. Aug. 6, 88 Zahedan F.s. 937 Golsha ii Qassem Ali 24 M Zabol H.s. Dip. Aug. 6, 88 Zahedan F.s. 938 Golzadeh Ghafouri Hossein M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 939 Golzadeh Ghafouri Maryam 29 F Tehran Univ. S. Dec. 88 Evin F.s. 940 Gorgani Zahra 28 F Shahroud H.s. Dip Shahroud F.s. 941 Gorgani Sa eid 28 M Mashad Univ. S. Jul. 27, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 942 Gorji Ahmad 30 M Zarand Saveh H.s. Dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 943 Gorji Ali Mohammad 29 M Univ. S. Oct. 88 Evin Hang. 944 Gorji M Sep. 88 F.s. 945 Gorji Nia Javad 26 M Bamdar Anzali H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 946 Goudarzi Bahram 24 M Tehran H.s.s Tehran F.s. 168

169 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 947 Goudarzi Parviz 33 M Kermanshah P. Dip. Aug. 88 Kermanshah F.s. 948 Goudarzi Parviz M Tehran 1988 Tehran Ex. 949 Goudarzi Parviz M Hamedan 1988 Tehran Ex. 950 Goudarzi Hojjat Ollah M Khorramabad Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 951 Goudarzi Hassan M Nov. 88 F.s. 952 Goudarzi Shahbaz 30 M P. Dip. Nov. 23, 88 Adelabad Hang. 953 Goudarzi Ali M 1988 Khorramabad F.s. 954 Goudarzi Kiomars M Oct. 88 Arak F.s. 955 Goudarzi Mirza 28 M Boroujerd Nov. 88 Khorramabad F.s. 956 Goudarzi Minoo 25 F Noorabad, Univ. S. Jan. 21, 89 Adelabad Ex. Mamassani 957 Govara ii Ali 30 M Qazvin H.s. Dip. Jan. 89 Qazvin F.s. 958 Ha eri Parvin 29 F M.s. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 959 Habib Akhyari Ferdous 26 F Isfahan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s. 960 Habib Rad (Habib Poor) M Sep. 88 Evin F.s. 961 Habibi Ibrahim 31 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 962 Habibi Jaber 26 M Marand H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin F.s. 963 Hadian Hamid-reza M 1988 Evin F.s. 964 Hadian Karim 31 M Nahavand P. Dip Hamedan Hang. 965 Hadian Hadi 23 M Nahavand 1988 Hamedan F.s. 966 Hadibeigi Behzad 29 M Kermanshah H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Kermanshah F.s. 967 Hadidi Mohammad Taqi 24 M Isfahan H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 968 Hadikhanlou Amir-houshang 62 M Orumeih H.s. S. Oct. 88 Evin Hang. 969 Hadikhanlou Bijan M Univ. S Tehran F.s. 970 Hadipour Seyyed Ahmad 37 M Univ. S 1988 Ahvaz Ex. 971 Hadipour Seyyed Hamid 37 M Shoushtar Univ. S Sep. 88 Ahvaz Hang. 972 Hadizadeh Morteza 22 M Ahvaz H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Ahvaz F.s. 973 Hadvand Mirza i Ruhollah 25 M Varamin S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 974 Hafezinia Mohammad Ali 25 M S Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 975 Haghani Hossein 27 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Rasht F.s. 976 Haghani Ali 24 M Babol 1988 Babol F.s. 977 Haghdoost Mahboob F Astara Aug. 88 Rasht Ex. 978 Haghi Mehdi 18 M Tabriz S 1988 Tabriz F.s. 169

170 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 979 Haghi Monie Hamid 23 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Tabriz Hang. 980 Haghigaht Khou Yahya M Lahijan Aug. 88 Lahijan F.s. 981 Haghighat Hassan M 1988 F.s. 982 Haghighatgoo Mohammad Hossein 30 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 3, 88 Tehran F.s. 983 Haghighi Sa eid M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 984 Haghighi Shahin 23 F 1988 Rasht F.s. 985 Haghighi Aghil 30 M Qa emshahr B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 986 Haghighi Manzar M Tehran 1988 Evin Ex. 987 Haghighi Fard Mohammad M Univ. S. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 988 Haghighian Majid 26 M Isfahan Univ.s Isfahan F.s. 989 Haghighian Roodsari Zahra F Roodsar Nov. 88 Gohardasht F.s. 990 Haghighian Roodsari Alinaghi 29 M Roodsar Univ. S Roodsar F.s. 991 Haghshenas Gholamabbas 29 M Fasa Univ. S. Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s. 992 Haghverdi Mamghani Ali 28 M Mamghan Tabriz H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Evin F.s. 993 Hahsemi Sa ied 26 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 994 Haj Abdoldazim Naraghi Mohammad 36 M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 995 Haj Aghaei Abolghasem 33 M Abhar B.s. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 996 Hajaghaei Behrooz 24 M Abhar P.dip. Aug. 88 Zanjan F.s. 997 Hajakbari Soheila F Sep. 88 Evin F.s. 998 Hajali Mahboobeh 26 F H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 999 Haji Ali M Karaj Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Haji Asgari Nasser 23 M Zanjan H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Evin Hang Haji Isfahani Jahromi M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Haji Isfahani Jahromi M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Haji Isfahani Jahromi M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Haji Isfahani Jahromi M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Haji Salehi Ali Asgahr 27 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Rasht F.s Hajia Nejat Leila 26 F Tehran H.s.dip Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Hajian Nila 23 F Tehran 1988 Tehran Ex Hajian (Hajinezhad) Leila 25 F S Nov. 88 Tehran Hang Hajian Gallehdar Asl Fatemeh 29 F Abadan H.s.dip Ahwaz F.s Hajiani Hamid M Shiraz H.s.dip Adel Abad F.s Hajinezhad Ali 28 M Khoy Univ. S. Nov. 1, 88 Gohardasht F.s. 170

171 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1012 Hajizadeh Leila (Sediqeh) F Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Hajizadeh Massoud 20 M Shiraz H.s.s. Aug. 88 Shiraz F.s Hajmiresma ili Zohreh 25 F S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hajmohammadi Zohreh 25 F H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Hajsamadi Alireza 32 M Ardebil Univ.s. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Hakimi Sirous M Nov Tehran F.s Hakimi Shahriar 27 M Tehran Univ. S. Nov. 18, 88 Evin F.s Halali Kheyrollah M 1988 Tehran Ex Halva ii Behbahan Aug. 88 Behbahan Ex Hamed Heydar Doost Nader 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hamedai Hassan 33 M Sanandaj H.s. Dip Hamedan F.s Hamedani Farhad 17 M Kerend S. Aug. 88 Kerend Hang 1024 Hamedani-faraz Morteza 29 M Hamedan P. Dip. Aug Hamedi Gholi 24 M S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hamidi Zahra 23 F S Sep. 88 Evin Hang Hamidi Soheila 23 F Tehran S Oct. 88 Evin Hang Hamidi Fereshteh 24 F Tehran S Sep. 88 Evin Hang Hammami Mohammad 30 M Qochan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Vakil Abad Hang Hamzeh Lou ian Mohammad 23 M Arak H.s.dip Sep. 23, 88 Arak F.s Hamzeh ii Fatemeh 30 F Tehran Univ. S. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Hana ii Mohsen 27 M Sep. 88 Vakil Abad Hang Hana ii Mohammad Reza F Mashad Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Hanif Nov. 3, 88 Orumeieh F.s Hanif Zadeh Fereidoon 21 M Dezful H.s.dip 1988 Dezful F.s Hanifeh Poor Ziba Daryoush 26 M Tehran S Aug. 13, 88 Gohardasht Hang Hanifi (Hanif) Roghieh 30 F Tehran S Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Hariri Ahmad 17 M S Oct. 88 Evin F.s Hariri Jafar 28 M Zanjan H.s.dip. Nov. 26, 88 Evin Hang Hariri Khalil 21 M Zanjan S 1988 Zanjan F.s Hariri Abbas M Ph.d Nov. 88 Karaj F.s Hariri Mohsen 25 M Rahst H.s.s. Nov. 88 Rasht F.s Hariri Massoud 28 M H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Tehran Hang Hariri Massoud M Dec. 88 Mashad Hang. 171

172 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1045 Hariri Maqsoud M Ph.d Oct. 88 Rasht F.s Hariri Mansour 33 M Rasht Ph.d Nov. 88 Gohardasht Hang Hariri Yaghoub M Zanjan Aug. 88 Zanjan F.s Haririan Massoud 34 M Tehran Univ. S. Dec. 88 Evin Hang Hasanvand 1988 Masjed Suleiman F.s 1050 Hashemi Amir 28 M Tabriz Univ. S Hang Hashemi Parvin 27 F H.s. Dip Tehran 1052 Hashemi Parivash 26 F Tehran H.s. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hashemi Hossein 22 M Noshahr Sep. 88 Bushehr F.s Hashemi Seyyed Jafar (Taher) 30 M Torbat Heidarieh S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Hashemi Mohammad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1056 Hashemi Morteza 26 M Isfhan B.s. Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Hashemi Mahdokht F Tehran S. Dec. 88 Evin F.s Hashemi Nasser 22 M 1988 Tehran Hang Hashemi Baajgirani Seyyed Jamshid 29 M Abadan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Isfhan F.s Hashemian Abolfazl 24 M H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Qazvin F.s Hashemian Mohammad 33 M Qazvin B.s. Jan. 89 Evin Explo Hashemian Mina 17 F Qazvin S. Oct. 88 Kermanshah F.s Hashemian Qazvin Aug. 88 Qazvin F.s Hashempour Sadrollah M Shiraz 1988 Shiraz F.s Hashtochahar Ali 24 M Abadan 1988 Evin F.s Hassan Soheila 25 F Rasht H.s.s Rasht F.s Hassan Abadi Mehdi 30 M Mashad H.s.dip Mashad Hang Hassan Zadeh Qasem 27 M Langarood H.s.dip. Jan.89 Langarood F.s Hassan Zadeh Mahyar 28 F Rasht H.s.dip. Aug.88 Evin Hang Hassand Pour Hassan 26 M Orumieh H.s.s Orumieh F.s Hassani Hassan 35 M Rostaieh Goran P.dip Tehran Ex Hassani Davood M Semnan 1988 Evin Ex Hassani Seyyed Ahmad 30 M Tehran H.s.dip Tehran Hang Hassani Seyyed Hassan M Tehran Aug, 88 Evin Hang Hassani Mohammad 32 M P.dip Nov.88 Evin Hang 1076 Hassani Mohammad Tagi M Sahrood B.s Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Hassani Yagoub 28 M Gom-ravang H.s.dip Aug.88 Evin F.s. 172

173 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1078 Hassani Zadeh Hamid Reza M Nov.88 Tehran F.s Hassani[Yak Kalam] Mahmmoud 28 M Tehran Univ.s. Jul Evin F.s Hassanpour Latiff 25 M Tehran S Oct. 11, 88 Tehran F.s Hassanpour Kama Ghlamreza 25 M Kasma e Rasht H.s.dip. 3 Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Hassanzadeh Fereidoon 23 M Maragheh P. Dip. Nov. 88 Maragheh F.s Hatami Kia Amirhossein 27 M H.s.dip Aug. 23, 88 Tehran Hang Hatami Kia Ami Ali 30 M Tehran 1988 Tehran F.s Hatamian Bahram 26 M H.s.dip. Feb. 24, 89 Ex Hatamian Mohsen 23 M Andimeshk H.s.dip Khuzistan Ex Hava-keshian Ghodsieh (Hamideh) 30 M Isfahan B.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Hayati Avaz 25 M Bandar Mahshahr H.s.s Aug. 88 Bandar Mahshahr F.s Haybati Ahmad M Kermanshah Univ. S. Aug. 88 Kermanshah Ex Haybati Nosrat M Kermanshah Univ. S. Aug. 88 Kermanshah Ex Haybodi Youssef 36 M Ahvaz 1988 Masjid Soleiman Ex Haydar Nia Fath Abad Saeid 17 M Tabriz S Sep. 88 Tabriz Hang Hazrati Hossein 30 M Sabzevar Univ. S. Dec. 88 Evin Hang Hedayati Seyyed Reza 28 M Rasht 1988 Evin Ex Hedayati Mohammad 29 M H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hejazi Seyyed Reza 22 M Babolsar H.s.dip. Sep. 11, 88 Babol F.s Hejazi Mohammad Reza 28 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 1, 88 Gohardasht Hang Hejazi Mahmoud M 1988 F.s Hejrati Mirzaman 29 M Astaneh Ashrafieh H.s. Dip. Jan. 89 Rasht F.s Hejrati Vahid 25 M Kangavar S. Aug. 88 Kangavar Hang Hemmati Aghdas 24 F Semnan S. Aug.88 Semnan F.s Hemmati Parvin 21 F Semnan Aug. 88 Semnan Ex Hemmati Hamid-reza 27 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Hendijani Farid M Mahshahr Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Hessam Soheila 25 F Rasht H.s.dip Rasht F.s Hessami Seiffolah 29 F Ahvaz Univ. S. Aug. 88 Ahvaz F.s Hessami Mohammad Ali M Birjand Univ. S Birjand Ex Heydar Zadeh Massoumeh 27 F Ilam H.s.s. Aug. 9, 88 Ilam F.s Heydari M Mashad Nov. 88 Mashad Hang Heydari M Mashad Nov. 88 Mashad Hang. 173

174 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1111 Heydari Akbar 34 M H.s.dip 1988 Evin Ex Heydari Zohreh 24 F Qom H.s.dip Sep. 88 Evin F.s Heydari Seyyed Ali 27 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Heydari S. Mohahmmad M 1988 Ex Heydari Shahin 25 F Andimeshk H.s.dip Aug. 88 Evin F.s Heydari Shirin 29 F Damavand Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Heydari Farah 30 F P.dip 88 Tehran Ex Heydari Farrokh M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Heydari Mohammad M Hamedan 1988 Hamedan Ex Heydari Mohammd Mehdi 25 M Paveh S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Heydari Mohammad Reza 25 M Gachsaran S Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Heydari Mehdi M Sep. 88 Karaj F.s Heydari Shahi S. Mohammad 25 M Gachsaran S Aug. 88 Isfahan Ex Heydarieh Hossein 27 M Karbala S Sep. 30, 88 Mashad F.s Heydarieh Mohammad 23 M Karbal H.s.s Sep. 30, 88 Mashad Hang Holakou i Sohrab 45 M Isfahan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s Homayouni Parviz 23 M Zanjan S Zanjan F.s Homayouni-rad Mehdi M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1129 Hossein Kani Davood 25 M Tehran S Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Hossein Khah Houshang 35 M Sep. 88 Evin Ex Hossein Pour Issa 17 M Astaneh Ashrafieh S Dec. 22, 88 Rasht Ex Hossein Pour Gholam M Dec. 88 Bushehr F.s Hossein Pour Moussa 19 M Astaneh Asrafieh S Aug. 88 Rasht Ex Hossein Zadeh Manouchehr 27 M Behbahan Univ. S. Nov. 88 Behbahan F.s Hossein Zadeh Arbani Soossan 25 F Rasht H.s.s. Sep. 88 Rasht F.s Hossein Zandi Mehrdad 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Hang Hosseini Abolfazl 27 M Jahrom H.s.dip Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Hosseini Isma eel 30 M Tehran H.s.dip Jul. 30, 88 Evin F.s Hosseini Akbar 21 M S Dec. 88 Tehran F.s Hosseini Amir Hossein 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hosseini Parviz 30 M Gachsaran P.dip Sep. 88 Gachsaran F.s Hosseini Habibollah 26 M Shahr-e Ray H.s.dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hosseini Hassan M Dec. 88 Bushehr F.s. 174

175 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1144 Hosseini Reza 25 M S Dec. 88 Evin F.s Hosseini Seyyed Habib 26 M Gonbad Kavous 1988 Mashad Hang Hosseini Seyyed Hassan 28 M Amol H.s.dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Hosseini Seyyed Ahamd 30 M Shiraz H.s.dip 1988 Shiraz Hang Hosseini Seyyed Akbar 31 M Galehdar Lorestan H.s.dip Ex Hosseini Seyyed Saeid 24 M Natanz S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Hosseini Seyyed Fazlolah 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Hosseini Seyyed Nasrollah 24 M Songor Koliaye H.s.dip Dec. 88 Gohardasht F.s Hosseini Etrat 42 F Jahrom Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Hosseini Alireza M Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Hosseini Gholam Hossein M 1988 Evin F.s Hosseini Leily 31 F H.s.dip Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Hosseini Mohammad Hossein 27 M Borazjan H.s. Dip. Feb. 89 Bushehr Ex Hosseini Barzi Seyyed Saeid 24 M Barze Kashan S Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang Hosseini Iraj Hojjatollah 30 M Esfaryen H.s.dip 1988 Vakil Abad Hang Hosseini Rajabi Mohammad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hosseini Zadeh Mehran 26 M Malayer Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Hossien Pour 61 M Astaneh Ashrafieh Jan. 89 Rasht Ex Hossien Pour M Jan. 89 Genaveh F.s Hossien Pour Reza 29 M Lahijan H.s.dip Rasht 1164 Housahngi Nov. 88 Kermanshah F.s Houshi Mahmoud 23 M Tabriz H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Tabriz Ex Houshmand Ismaeel M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin F.s Houshmand Ahmanollah 25 M Balghan, Larestan S. Aug. 88 Shiraz F.s Houshmand Jafar 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1169 Houshmand Hojjatollah 27 M Anzali S. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Houshmand Farshid M Jul. 27, 88 Gohardasht Ex Hoveida Mehran 25 M Tehran S. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang 1172 Ighee Mostafa 30 M Tehran Univ.s Sep. 88 Evin F.s Ilbaki 25 M Nov.88 Tehran F.s Imani Ali 22 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Imani Khoshkhou Majid 28 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Lahijan F.s Inaghi Yarahmad M Sep. 88 Paveh Hang. 175

176 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1177 Irani Mohammad Javad 28 M H.s.dip Shiraz Hang Iranpak Hadi 25 M 1988 Shiraz Hang Isfahani Ali 31 M Arak S Aug. 6, 88 Gorhardasht Ex Izadbin (Izadi) Mohammad 24 M Karaj H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Izadi Javad 25 M Shiraz S 1988 Shiraz Hang Izadi Javad (Hessam) 19 M Hamedan H.s.s. Nov. 6, 88 Hamedan F.s Izadi Alireza M P.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Izadi Mohsen 25 M Shiraz B.s. Aug. 88 Shiraz F.s Izadi Mohammad 23 M Karaj H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Evin F.s Izadi Mahmoud 27 M Nour Univ.s 1988 Amol F.s Izadi Mostafa 22 M Hamedan S Aug. 18, 88 Hamedan F.s Izadi Mehdi 25 M S Aug. 88 Hamedan F.s Izadi Ghassabsari Ali M Qazvin Feb. 89 Gohardasht F.s Izadi Ghassabsari Alireza 30 M Some e-sara P.dip. Aug. 89 Evin F.s Jabbari F Oct. 88 Kermanshah F.s Jabbari Jalal M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Jabbari Jalil M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Jabbari Alireza 37 M Qazvin H.s.s. Oct. 88 Qazvin Ex Jabbarian F Nov. 88 Evin F.s Jadidi Zahra 19 F Aug. 88 Isfahan Ex Jadidian Alireza 27 M Mashad H.s.dip. Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang Jafari Behnam 34 M Tehran Ph.d Evin F.s Jafari Davood 26 M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Jafari Seyyed M. Reza 26 M Sabzevar H.s.dip. Nov. 22, 88 Kermanshah F.s Jafari Moharram Ali 26 M Rasht H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Rasht F.s Jafari Afshar Zafar 27 M Zanjan H.s.s. Aug. 13, 88 Gohardasht Hang Jafari Garashi Aziz 29 M Shiraz B.s Shiraz F.s Jafarian Aghamohmmad M H.s.dip Semnan F.s Jafarzadeghan Nader M 1988 Adel Abad Ex Jafarzadeh Iraj 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Jafarzadeh Hassan M Khoy 1988 Khoy F.s Jafarzadeh Davood M H.s.dip Evin F.s Jafarzadeh Morteza M Khoy 1988 Khoy F.s. 176

177 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1210 Jafarzadeh Marandi Mahmoud 34 M Khoy Univ. S. Jul. 29, 88 Orumieh F.s Jahan Mojtaba M 1988 Behshahr F.s Jahan Ara Hassan 27 M Abadan B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Jahanbakhsh Ibrahim 31 M Behbahan H.s.dip Behbahan Ex Jahanbakhsh Amir M H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Jahanbakhsh Hossein M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Jahangiri Ahmad 23 M Sep. 88 Bandarabbas F.s Jahangiri Jafar 29 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Adel Abad F.s Jalal Abadi Farahani Hadi 26 M Tehran H.s.dip Tehran F.s Jalali Kheiroolah 29 M Tehran Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Jalali Karim 27 M S Dec. 88 Tehran F.s Jalali Mohammad 26 M Shahrood H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Eving Ex Jalali Mitra 29 F Kermanshah Univ. S. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang Jalali Khah Ali 28 M H.s. Dip. Jul. 28, 88 Evin Hang Jalali Safari Farhad 25 M Lahijan H.s. Dip Feb. 89 Rasht Hang Jalalian Alireza 25 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Hamedan F.s Jalalian Mehdi 31 M Qazvin Univ. S. Mar. 89 Evin F.s Jalalian Hadi 27 M Qazvin H.s.s. Mar. 89 Evin F.s Jalghazi Shahin 27 F Qazvin H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Jalili Bahaman 26 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Jul. 29, 88 Rasht Hang Jalili Jafar 32 M Lahijan H.s.dip 1988 Tehran F.s 1231 Jalili Ali M Hamedan Aug Hamedan Ex 1232 Jalili Nahid 32 F Tabriz B.s. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang 1233 Jalilzadeh Jahangir 27 M Khoy H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Orumeieh F.s Jamali Mohsen 24 M Sharoud B.s. Sep.88 Sharood Ex 1235 Jamasbi Abdolmahoud 30 M Boroujerd P.dip Boroojerd Hang Jame Anvari Reza 29 M Mashad H.s.dip. Feb. 11, 89 Vakil Abad Hang Jame Dar Amir (Sirous) 33 M Abadan H.s.dip Adel Abad F.s Jame Kalkhoran Fahimeh 28 M Univ.s Tehran Hang Jame ii Alireza 29 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Jul. 29, 88 Rasht Hang Jamshidi Faramarz s Father M Tehran 1988 Tehran F.s 1241 Jamshidi F Tehran Nov. 22, 88 Evin Ex Jamshidi Parvaneh F Tehran S Nov. 22, 88 Evin Ex. 177

178 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1243 Jamshidi Faramarz 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 13,88 Gohardasht Hang Jamshidi Massoud 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Evin Hang Jangaloo Ahmad 26 M Orumieh Aug. 88 Orumieh F.s Jangzadeh Mohammad 35 M Khoy Univ. S. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang Jani Abdolrassoul 28 M H.s.dip. Nov. 15, 88 Evin F.s Jannat Rostami Mohmmad Reza 32 M Tonekabon B.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Jannati 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Evin F.s Jareh Farhad 22 M Shiraz Aug. 25, 88 Evin F.s Jassemi M Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Javan Mohammad M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Javan Shoja Qassem 31 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Javan Shoja Mofrad Gholam Hossein 30 M B.s. Jan. 89 Evin F.s Javid Yar Ali M Nov. 22, 88 Kermanshah F.s Javid Yar Massoud 24 M Khorramabad H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Gohardasht F.s Jaza Sarkeradeh Hojjahtollah 20 M Tehran 1988 Evin Ex Jazani Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Jebelli Mola 27 M Qa emshahr H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Qa emshahr F.s Jebr eli Arfa 25 Bijar H.s.s. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Jebr eli Mohammad Sa eid 30 M Bijar Univ. S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Jenazadeh Mohammad Taghi 33 M Some e-sara H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Jestan Robert M P. Dip. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Jolodar Esma eel M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Joudaki Farhad 30 M Pol-dokhtar Lorestn P. Dip. Aug. 88 Khorram Abad F.s Joz e Kalatari Khalil 25 M Zanjan H.s.s Zanjan F.s Ka abi Jaber 27 M Abadan H.s. Dip Ahwaz F.s Kaboli (Haqiqi) Hamid 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kachelami Qanbar 26 M Rasht-kachelam H.s. Dip Oct. 30, 88 Lahijan F.s Kadkhoda Fereidoun 29 M H.s.s. Nov. 88 Behbahan F.s Kafa ii Hamid-reza M Gatchsaran H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Adelabad F.s Kaffash Ali 22 M Kashan H.s. Dip. Aug. 2, 88 Kashan F.s Kaffashian Hossein 28 M H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kaffashian (Male) Jan. 89 Tehran F.s Kaffashian (Male) Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 178

179 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1276 Kaffashpour Houshang (Iraj) 24 M Jiroft H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Kermanshah F.s Kafi Reza M Aug. 88 Yazd F.s Kaghaz Kannani Ahmad M Miyaneh H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kahrizi Sirous (Shapour) 19 M Kermanshah H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kahrizi Ali M Oct. 23, 88 Dizel Abad F.s Kaka Soltani Fayzollah 27 M Kelardasht Univ. S. Sep. 88 Noshahr F.s Kaka ii Nasrin 18 F Aqajari H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kalanaki Kamal (Touraj) 23 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Nov. 22, 88 Evin Hang Kalantar Maryam 23 F Sari Univ. S. Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s Kalantari Ardeshir 30 M Behbahan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kalantari Hamed (Shahriar) 26 M Kermanshah H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kalantari Hamid 30 M Khorramdarreh H.s. Dip. Dec Zanjan F.s Kalantari Farangiss (Goli) 29 F Ramhormoz Univ. S Tehran Hang Kalantari Nader 29 M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kalantari (Kalantar) Abolqassem M Nov. 88 Shiraz Ex Kalavand Hojjat Ollah M Andimeshk Aug. 2, 88 Dezful F.s Kalhor Esfandiar 22 M Karaj H.s.s. Dec. 18, 88 Gohardasht F.s Kallah Reza M 1988 Ex Kamali Mojgan 26 F Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kamrani Mahani Houshang 35 M Jiroft Univ. S. Nov. 88 Kerman F.s Kani M Dec. 88 Evin F.s Karamati Mohammad 35 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Karami Ahmad 35 M Khorram-darreh H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Zanjan Ex Karami Jamshid M Shiraz Dec. 6, 88 Adelabad F.s Karami Mahabadi Bouzarjomehr 25 M Mianeh H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tabriz Ex Karami Nassab Mahmoud 34 M Babol P.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kargar Fard Bahram 28 M Abadan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Ahwaz F.s Kargar Shoja ii Rooy Reza (Fereidoun) 28 M Lahijan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Karim Hossein 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karim Abadi Davoud 26 M Gorgan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karim Khah Moussa 27 M Karaj Jul Gohardasht Hang Karim Nezhad Saber 25 M Tehran H.s. Dip Tehran F.s Karim Nezhad Mohsen 29 M Varamin Univ. S. Jul Gohardasht Hang. 179

180 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1309 Karimi Ibrahim M P. Dip Ex Karimi Ardalan 26 M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karimi Akbar M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karimi Amir Hossein 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Karimi Javad 25 M Birjand H.s. Dip Mashad Hang Karimi Hassan 25 M Astaneh Ashrafieh 1988 Lahijan F.s Karimi Sadeq 30 M Aral H.s. Dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Karimi Ali 25 M Varamin H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Karimi Farhad M Gorgan 1988 F.s Karimi Fereidoun M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karimi Mojtaba M 1988 Ex Karimi Mohsen 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Karimi Mahmoud 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karimi Mohammad Reza 29 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karimi Mohammad Shah 22 M Tehran H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Karimi Mahmoud 30 M H.s. Dip Evin Hang Karimi Moslem M Nov. 88 F.s Karimi (Male) 31 Nov. 88 F.s Karimi Jafari (Varamini) Asghar 28 M Varamin Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Karimi Jafari (Varamini) Ali 29 M Varamin H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Karimi Moghaddam Zakaria (Bahman) 31 M Kalachai H.s. Dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Karimian Massoumeh F Nov. 29, 88 Evin F.s Karimian Mehri (Zahra) F Univ. S. Nov. 29, 88 Evin F.s Karimzadeh Saber 25 M Ardebil H.s.s. Oct. 23, 88 Gohardasht Hang Karimzadeh Fereidoun M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karkooti Hamid 26 M Tabriz Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Karroubi Mohsen 27 M Sabzevar H.s. Dip Vakilabad Hang Kasha ii (Gosha ii) Mohammad Reza 25 M Touyserkan H.s.s. Aug Gohardasht Hang Kashani Ali 30 M Tehran H.s.s Evin F.s Kashani Aqdam Gholamreza 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip 1988 Tehran F.s Kashanian (Kashani) Kiomars 25 M Kermanshah H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kasra Sorayya F 1988 Darab Ex Kasra Homa F Darab 1988 Darab Ex. 180

181 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1342 Kassani Khosrow M 1988 Ex Kassari Hadi 27 M Rasht H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Rasht F.s Kasseb Qan e Mohammad 20 M H.s.s. Oct. 20, 88 Astaneh Ashrafieh F.s Kasseban Morteza 24 M Aradan, Garmsar H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Semnan F.s Kassra ii Mahmoud M Mahshahr Nov. 88 Ahwaz F.s Kaveh M Arak Feb. 89 Arak F.s Kaviani Behnaz 20 F Rasht-shaft H.s.s Rasht F.s Kay Nezhad Darioush 31 M Yazd H.s. Dip. Aug Gohardasht Hang Kaykavousi Farideh 25 F Izeh H.s. Dip. Oct. 88 Ahwaz F.s Kaykavousi Nahid 26 F Ahwaz Dec. 88 Ahwaz F.s Kaykhah Abdol Samad 30 M Shiraz H.s. Dip. Oct. 26, 88 Adelabad Hang Kayvanfar Jamshid 24 M Tehran Univ. S. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Kayvanfar Hassan 33 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Kayvani Farangiss 25 F H.s.s Evin F.s Kayvani Hafshejani Iraj 25 M Hafshejan H.s.s. Jul. 30, 88 Isfahan F.s Kayvanpour Mostafa M Jan. 1, 89 Shiraz F.s Kazemi Behrouz 26 M Lahijan H.s.s. Oct. 88 Gohardasht F.s Kazemi Ali Reza M Siahkal 1988 F.s Kazemi Fard Mehdi 30 M Tehran H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Evin Hang Kazemizadeh Mohsen 29 M Mashad Aug. 2, 88 Vakilabad Hang. Nayshabouri 1362 Kazemzadeh Ardebili Ahad 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kazerouni Mohammad Reza M Aug. 88 Evin Ex Kazerouni Mohammad Reza M Kazeroun H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Keba ii Pour (Zadeh) Darioush 40 M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kebari Massoud 27 M Shiraz Univ. S. Jul. 31, 88 Gohardasht Hang Kebriti Hamid-reza 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Keshavarz Bijan 24 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Keshavarz Samad 25 M Noorabad B.s. Aug. 5, 88 Zahedan F.s. Mamassani 1370 Keshavarz Abdol Hossein M Sep. 88 Ex Keshavarz Gholam Hossein M Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Keshavarz Fat hollah M Gatchsaran Sep. 88 Gatchsaran F.s. 181

182 Victims of 1988 Massacre Aqdas Hemmati Yousef Heyboudi Jasoumeh Heydari Zadeh Seyyed Isma il Hosseini (Mohammad Qazi ) Amanollah Hushmand Mostafa Ige ei Mahmoud Jafar Zadeh Marandi Hadi Jalal Abadi Farahani Mahammad Jang Zadeh Reza Kafi Nasrin Kaka i Hushang Kamrani Mihani Zakaria (Bahman) Karimi Moghaddam Gholam Reza Kashani Aghdam Mohsen Kazemi Zadeh Neishabouri Sadeq Khaza i 182

183 victims of 1988 Massacre Hossein Khodaparasti Abbas Khoshkhah Ezzatollah Kia Ahmadi Gholam Reza Kia Kajouri Massoud Kolah Kaj Mohammad Isma il Kord Jazi Saeid Maleki Anaraki Kamalolldin Mansourian Tabaei Majid Marandi Ahmad Mashadi Mohammad Ali Kharrat Hamdi Reza Massoumi Goudarzi Isma il Mir Bagheri Ali Mir Shahi Hossein Mirza i Massoumeh Mirza i Mostafa Mirza i 183

184 Victims of 1988 Massacre Ashraf Mo ezzi Hassan Mo ezzi Mehdi Mobini Kesheh Ali Mohajeri Mohsen Mohammad Bagher Jamal Mohammad Nezhad Frangis (Mehri) Mohammad Rahimi Soheila Mohammad Rahimi Qasem Mohammad Reza ei Shekar Mohammad Zadeh Mohsen Mohammadi Maryam Mohammadi Bahman Abadi Reza Mohammadi Bahman Abadi Gholam Reza Mohmmadi Sarvestani Yahya Mohseni Berenj Abadi Parviz Mojahednia 184

185 victims of 1988 Massacre Karimollah Moqimi Qadikolahi Behrouz Morabbi Shahriar Morteza i Sanjabi Mousa Mousa Khani Saeid Mohammad Taher Najjar Hossein Namdar Malayeri Shahroukh Namdar Masjedi Mohammad Reza Na eim Gholam Reza Naghipour Amirzadi Massoud Naseri Razliqee Javad Nasiri Seyyed Hossein Nejati Katemjani Hossein Niakan Zahra Niakan Kheyrollah Nilghaz Zidollah Noor Mohammadi 185

186 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1373 Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein 24 M Dehdasht H.s.s. Aug. 88 Adelabad Ex Keshavarz Massoud 27 M Som-eh-sara H.s. Dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Keshmiri Ali Asghar 28 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang Keshmiri Ali Reza M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Keshtgar Mohammad Reza M Tehran Jul. 30, 88 Tehran Hang Keshtkar Mohammad 29 M Som-eh-sara H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Khaddami Majid 35 M Shiraz Nov. 28, 88 Adel Abad F.s Khademi Hossein M Oct. 88 Kerman F.s Khademi Ali-akbar 19 M Gachsaran H.s.dip Dec. 88 Adel Abad F.s Khademi Majid 21 M Golpayegan S Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan F.s Khajeh Nouri Reza 28 M Yazd H.s.s Nov. 88 Mashad Hang Khake Barik Akbar M Roodsar H.s.dip 1988 Rasht F.s Khaksar Abbas 27 M Qasr-e Shirin H.s.dip Oct. 88 Gohardasht F.s Khalaj Ali 28 M Qzvin H.s.dip Sep. 88 Qazvin F.s Khaldi Rafat 26 M Tehran H.s.dip Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Khaldi Nosrat F Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Khaleghi Mohsen M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Khaleghi Mostafa 40 M Mashad Sep. 8, 88 Vakil Abad Hang Khaleghi Zadeh Mohammad Hassan 31 M Hamedan Univ. S. Aug. 16, 88 Gohardasht Hang Khaleghparast Shahpour 27 M Lahijan H.s.dip Aug.88 Evin Hang Khalghi Nasser M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Khalili Ibrahim 32 M Univ. S Mashad Hang Khalili Esma eel 30 M Univ. S Mashad Hang Khalili Parviz 29 M Univ. S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Khalilpour Gargari Nouroollah 28 M Gargar Jolfa S Aus. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Khalilzadeh Davood 29 M Naghadeh H.s.s. Aug. 23, 88 Orumeih F.s Khalkahli Shandize Mohammad 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip 1988 Mashad Hang Khaloot Zadeh 20 Shiraz S 1988 Adel Abad F.s Khan Mohammadi Khidan 55 M Sarpolzahab Aug.88 Kerand Hang 1402 Khan Mohammadi Mohammad Hanif 26 M Kermansah H.s.dip. Aug.88 Gohardashet Hang 1403 Khan Mohammadi Yahya 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1404 Khanban Maryam (Malahat) F Qazvin H.s.dip 1988 Evin Ex Khanbanha Nargis F H.s.dip 1988 Hashtpar Ex. 186

187 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1406 Khandan Fereidoun M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Khani Farahed 24 M Kermansah H.s.dip Gohardashet Ex Khanjani Nasrin F Sangsar H.s.dip Oct. 88 Semnan Ex Kharghi Mahmoud 24 M H.s.dip 1988 Mashad Hang Kharrazi Isfahani Farhad 25 M Isfahan H.s.dip Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Khasi M Dec. 1, 88 Evin F.s Khatami Mohammad Hassan 35 M Aug. 16, 88 Gohardasht Hang Khatib Zadeh Hassan M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 1414 Khatibi 40 F Nov Evin F.s Khatibi Hosseinali 31 M Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Khaz ali Mohsen 29 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Khazae i Mohammad Sadeq 23 M Torbat Heidarieh H.s.dip 1988 Vakil Abad Hang Khazae\I Mahmoud 28 M Bushehr H.s.dip 1988 Bushehr F.s Khazri Asghar M 1988 Ex Khbaz Kar Zahra F 1988 Rashet Ex Kheradmandi Zakieh (Mahnaz) 28 F Shiraz Univ.s. Dec. 88 Adel Abad F.s Kheyrani Bahram 27 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Kheyri- Nejad Kheyrollah M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kheyrkhah Fatollah 28 M Semnan Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kheyrkhah Yahya 28 M Astaneh-ashrafieyeh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang Khezr Safa e Manesh Nader 24 M Damavand S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Khezri Seyyed Asqar 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Khezri Seyyed Hamid 22 M Tehran S Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Khezri Mostafa M Sep. 88 Gohardasht F.s Khodabakhshi Sohrab 30 M Mehran Univ. S 1988 Kermanshah F.s Khodabaksh Iraj 28 M H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Evin Hang 1432 Khodabaksh Yazdan 31 M 1988 Gohardashet F.s Khodabakshi Sohrab 26 M Nafet Saher P. Dip 1988 Gohardasht F.s Khodabandeh Qasem 28 M Qazvin S Oct. 88 Qazvin F.s Khodada Pour Massiallah 26 M H.s.s 1988 Adel Abad Hang Khodajoo Mohammad 27 M Lahijan H.s.dip Sep. 88 Evin Ex Khodaparasti Hossein 36 M Langrood B.s. Aug. 88 Chaloos F.s Khonsari Zadeh Seyyed Hassan 29 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 187

188 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1439 Khoor Hossein 27 M Aug. 88 Tehran Hang 1440 Khorad Morteza 29 M Shiraz H.s.dip Aug. 88 Adel Abad F.s Khorasani Marzieh 29 F Behbahan H.s.s Nov. 22, 88 Shiraz F.s Khoro Abadi Tahereh F 1988 Sabzevar Ex Khoro Abadi Tayebeh 25 F Sabzevar H.s.dip Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Khoro Abadi Abbas M Sabzevar Univ. S. Nov. 4, 88 Tehran F.s Khoro Abadi Massoud 29 M Sabzevar Univ.s Aug. 88 Evin Hang Khoro Abadi Mansour 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Khoro Gorgi Mahmoud 29 M Tehran Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Khorram Hossein M Ramsar Univ. S 1988 Qezel Hesar Ex Khorsandi Sa eid 25 M Aug. 88 Kermanshah F.s Khorshid Vash Abbas 24 M Hamedan S Aug. 88 Hamedan F.s Khoshafkar Khalil 25 M Ardebil H.s.dip Nov. 88 Ardebil F.s Khoshafkar Karim 30 M Ardebil Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Khoshbouee Saeidhe 20 F Jahrum S Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s Khoshbouee Soossan 22 F Jahrum S Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s Khoshbouee Siavoush 18 M H.s.s. Nov. 88 Adel Abad F.s Khoshfam Ali 19 M H.s.dip Nov. 88 Roodsar F.s Khoshgoftar Hossein M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Khoshgoftar Majid 28 M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Khoshhal Baqer 25 M S 1988 Tehran Ex Khoshkbijari Zinolabeddin M 1988 Evin F.s Khoshkhah Abbas 31 M Shiraz Univ.s Sep. 25, 88 Adel Abad F.s Khoshkhoo Yousef 28 M Kouchesfahan H.s.dip Feb. 89 Rasht F.s Khoshnevis Ali M Sep. 88 Vakil Abad Hang Khoshnevis Simin F 1988 Mashad Hang Khoshnoudi Vahid 22 M Songor H.s.s 1988 Gohardahst Hang Khoshroo Massoud 23 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Khoshsaliehgh Malieh 30 F Bandar Anzali H.s.dip Aug. 1, 88 Rasht F.s Khosravi F Karaj Univ.s. Jan. 89 Evin F.s Khosravi Amir Hossein 40 M Assad Abad B.s Karaj F.s Khosravi Jafar 33 M Rasht B.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Khosravi Zahra (Roya) F S Dec. 88 Gohar Dasht Hang 188

189 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1472 Khosravi Mehrdad M 1988 F.s Khosravi Rad Amir 25 M Tehran S Sep. 88 Evin Hang Khosro Gorgi Hamid M Damavand Dec. 88 Evin F.s Khosro Nezhad Khosrow 28 M Roodbar H.s.dip 1988 Rasht F.s Khosrovani Mehdi 28 M H.s.s Nov. 88 Bushehr Ex Khosrovani Sep. 88 Terhan F.s Khoyei Hassan M Khoy 1988 Khoy F.s Khoyei Zaki F Khoy Aug. 88 Khoy F.s Khoyei Zahra F Khoy 1988 Khoy F.s Khvar Pour Hamid M 1988 F,S Khvar Pour Ali 26 M Babool H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Sari Ex Kia Kamal 27 M Qa emshahr Univ. S Sari Hang Kia Akbar M H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Kurdkouy F.s Kia Ahmadi Ezzatollah 30 M Gorgan H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Kurdkouy F.s Kia Ahmadi Vajihollah M Sep. 88 Gorgan F.s Kia Ahmadi Vahid M Sep. 88 Gorgan F.s Kia Kajouri Gholam Reza 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Kia ii Darioush 30 M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kia ii Zahra (Mahboubeh) 33 F Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Kia ii Pour (Zadeh) Kordkouy 1988 Gorgan Ex Kiamarzi Mansour 29 M Firouzabad, Shiraz H.s. Dip Evin Hang Kianfar Hassan M Tehran 1988 Tehran F.s Kiani Khosrow 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Kiani Sardar M B.s Evin F.s Kiani Saham 29 M Qal eh Kohneh 1988 Kazeroun F.s Kiani Dehkordi Simin Dokht 29 F Shahr-e Kord Univ. S. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Kianpour Khosrow 20 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Kianpour Ali-asghar M Kordkouy Oct. 88 Gorgan F.s Kianpour Nov. 1, 88 Adelabad Ex Kiazadeh Abkenari Hadi 26 M Abkenar, Anzali H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Kodiri Ali Reza 34 M Tehran Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Kohandani Ali-asghar 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Sep. 16, 88 Evin Hang Kohansal Hojjat 25 M Mashad H.s. Dip Vakilabad Hang. 189

190 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1505 Kohansal Mokhtar 25 M Mashad H.s. Dip Vakilabad Hang Kohne ii Baqer M 1988 F.s Kolah Kaj Massoud 22 M Mahshahr H.s.s. Feb. 89 Ahwaz F.s Kolah Sefid Zaytooni Ali 26 M H.s. Dip Shiraz Hang Kompany Houshang 50 M B.s. Nov. 88 Teran F.s Kord Jezzi M.Isma eel 32 M Bandar Gaz P Dip Nov. 11, 88 Sari F.s Kord Rostami Mohammad Reza 37 M Bandar Gaz H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Evin Hang Korki Hassan M Nov. 88 F.s Kouchaki Mohammad Hassan 30 M Someh Sara Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kouchaki Morteza M Isfahan Univ. S F.s Kouhestani Shahla 26 F Masjid Solaiman Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kouhi Abbas Ali 36 M Salmas H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Kouhi Gholam Abbas M Salmas 1988 Salmas F.s Kouhi Jalalian Gholam Mehdi 30 M Qazvin Univ. S. Dec. 88 Evin F.s 1519 Kouhsari Mohammad Ali 29 M Qoochan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Koustchi Mohammad 26 M Boroujerd H.s. Dip. Oct. 23, 88 Evin Hang Kowsari Azar F Aug. 88 Evin Hang Kowsari Fatemeh 29 F Shiraz B.s Ex Kozazi Jalal 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Sep. 9, 88 Evin Hang La li Jamshid 29 M Boroujerd Univ. S. Nov. 88 Khorramabad F.s Lagha ii Firouz M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Lahijani 1988 F.s Lajevardi Hamid 34 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Lari Lavassani Mohammad Hassan 25 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Lashkari Abolfazl 25 M Mashad H.s. Dip Mashad Hang Lashkari Iraj 31 M Kerman Univ. S. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Latif Ali Akbar 31 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Latifi Hojjatollah 34 M Siahkal Univ. S. Aug. 88 Lahijan F.s Latifi Mojgan 27 F Tehran H.s. Dip. Oct. 88 Tehran F.s Latifi Nasser 30 M Babol Univ. S. Aug. 88 Sari F.s Latifpour Razieh 29 F Abadeh, Shiraz H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Adelabad F.s Layatanahi 1988 Ex Layeq Shapour 22 M Behbahan H.s.s. Aug. 2, 88 Ahwaz F.s. 190

191 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1538 Layeqi Jalal 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Lessani Nader 28 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Lohrasbi Fariba 26 F H.s. Dip Tehran Ex Lorki Rahman 33 M Ramhormoz P. Dip. Oct. 88 Zahedan F.s Lotfi Sirous 34 M Orumieh H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Orumieh F.s Lotfi Ali Reza 22 M Golpayegan H.s. Dip Isfahan F.s Lotfi Mina 30 F Abadan H.s. Dip. Jul. 27, 88 Tehran F.s Lotfi Golpayegan 1988 Isfahan Ex Lotfi F H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Isfahan Ex Lowla ii Majid M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Ma boodi Hojjatollah 26 M Hamedan H.s. Dip Evin F.s Ma boodi Hassan M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Ma boodi Ezzat 21 M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Ma boodi Ali Reza 21 M Zanjan H.s.s Zanjan F.s Ma mour Seifoddin M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Madaen Leila F Tehran Aug. 88 Evin F.s Madani Seyyed Morteza 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1555 Maddah Mehdi 23 M Roodbar S. Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang 1556 Mahbian Mina F Tehran 1988 F.s Mahbian Minoo F Tehran 1988 F.s Mahboubi Hassan 25 M S. Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang 1559 Mahboubi Hossein 36 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang 1560 Mahboubi Moussa 22 M Rasht S. Oct. 31 Rasht F.s Mahdavi Abdol Majid 35 M Borazjan Univ. S. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang Mahdavi Abkenari Mohsen 27 M Abkenar, Anzali H.s. Dip. Aug. 4, 88 Gohardasht Hang Maheronnaghsh Jalal 29 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mahimani Jafar 29 M Babol H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Sari F.s Mahjoub Hamzeh 21 M Roudsar S. Sep. 88 Roudsar F.s Mahjoubi Amjad 30 M Zanjan H.s. Dip Zanjan Ex Mahmood Abadi Akbar 32 M P. Dip Shiraz Hang Mahmood Zadeh Asghar 28 M Bandar Anzali H.s.s Ex Mahmood Zadeh Oct. 88 Fasa F.s Mahmood Zadeh Siavosh M Univ. S Tehran Ex. 191

192 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1571 Mahmoodi 22 Nov. 88 Karoon F.s Mahmoodi Ahmad M 1988 Tehran F.s Mahmoodi Arastoo M Aug. 88 Evin F.s Mahmoodi Davood 28 M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1575 Mahmoodi Sassan 27 M Tehran S. Nov. 88 Evin Exp Mahmoodi Mahmood 29 M Asad Abad H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Hamedan F.s Mahmoodi Mansoor 22 M Tehran S Evin F.s Mahmoodi Far Abdol Ahad 27 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Evin Hang 1579 Mahmoodian Ali 30 M Ilam 1988 Evin F.s Mahrami Hassan 27 M Ardebil H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang 1581 Mahyaii Mohammad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1582 Majani Abdol Rassoul 28 M Najaf H.s. Dip. Nov. 15, 88 Tehran F.s Majazi Mohammad Reza M 1988 Tehran Ex Majd Amiri Morteza M Kermanshah H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Majd-ol Hosseini Hossein 29 M Isfahan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Majdabadi Reza 24 M Arak H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Majid Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Majidi Akbar 27 M Isfahan H.s. Dip Isfahan F.s Majidi Manouchehr M Lahijan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Majidi Mohammad Reza 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Majnoon Mohammadi Asghar 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Evin Ex Makiani Abdol Rahim M Oct. 88 Dezful F.s Makiani Abdol Karim 28 M Andimeshk H.s. Dip. Aug. 2, 88 Dezful F.s Makiani Gholamreza 32 M P. Dip Dezful Ex Makvandi Bijan 30 M Masjid Solaiman Univ. S. Nov. 88 Ahwaz F.s Makvandi Ali Hossein 26 M Haftkal H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Ahwaz F.s Malakouti Mansour M Gazbarkhar Univ. S. Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan F.s Malayeri Ali (Asef) 26 M Karaj H.s.s. Oct. 23, 1988 Gohardasht Hang Malayeri Mahvash 24 F Tehran P. Dip. Mar. 89 Evin Hang Maleki Assadollah 25 M Sonqor Kolia ii H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Maleki Shamsollah 24 M Kermanshah H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Kermanshah Hang Maleki Ainollah M Kermanshah P. Dip Dizelabad Ex Maleki Maryam 26 F Shahroud H.s. Dip. Jan. 89 Shahroud F.s. 192

193 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1604 Maleki Anaraki Sa eid 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Maleki Anaraki Majid 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Nov. 1, 88 Tehran F.s Malekian Javad 28 M H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mallahi Karimollah 26 M Nokandeh, Dargaz H.s.s. Sep. 88 Gorgan F.s Mamouli Karegar Mohammad 25 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Manafi Kazem M Isfahan Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Manavi Sa eid 20 M Firouzabad, Fars H.s. Dip. Feb. 89 Shiraz F.s Mandegari Hossein 22 M Isfahan H.s. Dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Mansouri Sattar 34 M Ahar H.s. Dip. Aug. 9, 88 Tabriz Ex Mansouri Soudabeh F Arak Univ. S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Mansouri Nasser 28 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Mansouri (Male) Nov. 88 Mashad Hang Mansourian (Male) 32 Gorgan Aug. 88 Evin F.s Mansourian Taba ii Kamaleddin 28 M mamasani H.s. Dip. Nov. 23, 88 Adelabad F.s Maqssoudi Qassem Ali 28 M Tehran H.s.s Evin Hang Maqssoudi (Male) Ex Maraiian Abbas M 1988 Adel Abad Ex Marandi Majid 25 M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Marati Reza M Sanghar H.s. Dip. Mar. 88 F.s Mardani Morad 21 M Sar Pol-e Zahab H.s.s Mardani Mostafa 26 M Tehran H.s.s Aug. 24, 88 Gohardasht Hang Mardfar Solaiman 31 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Mardomi Jamshid 30 M Tabriz H.s.s Aug. 88 Tabriz Hang Marivani Behzad M Sanandaj Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Marivani Kamran M 1988 F.s Marivani Mehrdad 26 M H.s. Dip. Aug. 11, 88 Evin Hang Marjou ii Shahram M Ardebil H.s.s. Aug. 14, 88 Mashad Hang Maroufkhani Ahmad 26 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Sep. 4, 88 Evin F.s Maroufkhani Majid 27 M Karaj-shahriar H.s. Dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Marzaji (Male) 1988 Gonbad Kavous Ex Mash houli Mansour M 1988 Ex Mash houli Nasser M 1988 Ex Mash ouf Majid M 1988 Tehran Ex. 193

194 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1637 Mash oufi Hamid Reza 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mashadi Estarabadi Sorour 30 F Estarabad, Mashad M.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mashadi Ibrahim Gholam Hossein 25 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Mashadi Mohammad Ali Ahmad 33 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. Kharrat 1641 Mashadi Qassem Akbar 26 M H.s. Dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Mashadi Reza Mohammad Ali 30 M Mashad P. Dip. Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang Mashat Mohammad 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Mashkouri Abol Qassem 33 M Ramsar H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Masjed Makki Zahedan Aug. 88 Zahedan F.s Masjedi Asghar 29 M Tehran Univ. S. Sep. 2, 88 Gohardasht Hang Maslakhi Abolqassem 25 M H.s.s. Oct. 88 Orumieh Ex Massih Parviz 24 M Gatchsaran H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Gatchsaran Ex Massiha Langroodi Manijeh 29 F Langrood H.s. Dip Langrood Ex Massoudi Sa eid 27 M Zanjan H.s.s Zanjan F.s Massoudi Massoud 32 M Zanjan H.s. Dip Zanjan F.s Massoudi Far Alireza 27 M Bam Univ. S Evin Explo Massoumi Hossein 24 M Baft, Kerman H.s.s. Jul. 30, 88 Vakilabad Hang Massoumi Reza M H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Massoumi Goudarzi Hamid Reza 31 M Boroujerd H.s. Dip. Oct. 26, 88 Khorramabad F.s Massouri Iraj 29 M H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Khorramabad F.s Mastchi Ali 22 M Mashad H.s. Dip Mashad Hang Mastchi Massoud M 1988 Ex Matloob Pasand Aziz 28 M Kouchesfahan H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Ex Mayeli Iraj 27 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mayeli Kohan Mojtaba (Farhad) 29 M Tehran Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Mazaher Ibrahim M Hamedan Jan. 6, 89 Tehran Ex Mazaheri Sa eid 33 M Isfahan Univ. S. Aug. 3, 88 Isfahan F.s Mazar Taher M 1988 Tehran Ex Mazeni Issa 25 M Gorgan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Meftahi Mehran 22 M Khuzistan H.s.s Ahwaz F.s Mehdi Fereidoun 26 M 1988 Evin Ex Mehdi Pour Esma il 23 M Rasht H.s.s Rasht F.s. 194

195 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1669 Mehdi Pour Sirous 27 M Masjed Suleiman H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Isfahan Ex Mehdi Pour Mohammad 30 M Ishka Univ. S. Nov. 88 Lahijan F.s Mehdizadeh Ahmad M Nov. 88 Evin F.s Mehdizadeh Ali Reza 27 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Mehdizadeh Farhad M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Mehdizadeh Majid 25 M Astaneh Ashrafieh H.s.s. Jan. 89 Rasht F.s Mehdizadeh (Female) 18 H.s.s. Oct. 88 Roudsar F.s Mehrabian Ali M Dec. 88 Tehran F.s Mehrani Mohsen 31 M Ph.d. Oct. 88 Gorgan F.s Mehrchin Omran M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Mehri Pour Mohammad 28 M 1988 Ex Mehri Rizi Majid M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mehrizi Hamid Reza 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mehrpour Behrouz M Roudsar Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Memar Akbar M Darab Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s Memaran Kashi Afshin 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin F.s Memarzadeh Samad M Nov. 9, 88 Darab F.s Menbari Mohammad M Tehran Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Mesgari Jamshid M Gachsaran H.s.s Gachsaran F.s Meshkat Mohammad Hassan 38 M 1988 Ex Meskin Bejar Sari Habibollah M Roudsar Aug. 88 Evin Hang Meymenat Mahmoud 28 M Tehran Univ. S. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang 1691 Mikaeel Hamid M 1988 F.s Minaei Khalil 35 M Dec. 7, 88 Tehran F.s Mir Ali Abedin 23 M Andimeshk 1988 Shiraz Ex Mir Baqeri Seyyed Isma eel 30 M Borazjan Univ. S. Nov. 6, 88 Evin F.s Mir Derigvand Rahim 25 M Loristan Univ. S Khorramabad F.s Mir Farough Seyyed Mohammad 33 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug Mir Hosseini Sarvestani Seyyed Farajollah 28 M Sarvestan H.s. Dip. Dec. 19, 88 Adelabad F.s Mir Jafari Farshad 29 M Tehran Univ. S. Nov Gohardasht Hang Mir Mohammadi Seyyed Morteza 40 M 1988 Mashad Hang Mir Seyyedi Anbaran Hamid 31 M Mashad Univ.s. Nov. 22, 88 Evin F.s Mir Shahidi Jamshid 22 M Mashad Sep

196 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1702 Mir- Massoumi Reza 26 M Lahijan S. Aug. 1, 88 Gohardasht Hang 1703 Mir- Mostafaee Haji 50 M Zanjan 1988 Mashad Hang Mir- Vahab-zadeh 1988 F.s Mir-ghalavand Abdollah M Hosseynieh-lorestan 1988 Khoramabad Ex Mir-hadi Kioumars 25 M Tehran S. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang 1707 Mir-karimi Reza 40 M Gorgan H.s. Dip. Oct. 25, 88 Gorgan F.s Mir-mohammadi Amir M Ghaemshahr Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Mir-mohammadi Seyyed-morteza 40 M Tehran Nov. 88 Evin F.s Mir-mohammadi Seyyed- Aghil 34 M Qa emshahr Univ. S. Oct. 88 Gohardasht Hang 1711 Mir-mohammadi Mehdi 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mir-moradi Monireh F Ahwaz Dec. 88 Ahwaz F.s Mir-vaseh Mohammad- Ali 29 M Nov. 2, 88 Rasht F.s Mira ian Abbas M Abadan Nov. 88 Adelabad F.s Mirabzadeh Mohsen 26 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mirfakhraie 43 Tehran Nov. 88 Evin F.s Mirsardu Lotfali 26 M Jiruft Univ.s Aug.88 Kerman F.s Mirshahi Ali 25 M Mashad H.s.s. Aug.88 Vakil Abad Hang 1719 Mirza Mohammadi Mohammad 64 M Arak H.s.s. Nov. 88 Arak F.s 1720 Mirza Zadeh Univ.s. Nov. 88 Karaj F.s Mirzadeh Mohammad Reza 25 M Abadan Univ.s. Aug.88 Gohardasht Hang 1722 Mirzadeh Dec. 88 Evin Ex Mirzai Parviz 32 M Astaneh Ashrafieh P.dip. Jul Rasht Hang 1724 Mirzai Hojjatollah 30 M Varamin Univ.s. Aug.88 Evin Hang 1725 Mirzai Hossein 33 M Hamedan Univ.s. Aug. 11, 88 Tehran F.s Mirzai Zahra 25 F Ahvaz H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Ahvaz F.s Mirzai Shahnaz F H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Hamedam Hang 1728 Mirzai Mohsen S. M Zanjan A Sep. 88 Zanjan F.s Mirzai Mostafa 20 M Hamedan S. Aug. 11, 88 Evin F.s Mirzai Masoumeh 23 F Hamedan H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Hamedan F.s Mirzai Ahmad M Aug.88 Evin Hang 1732 Mirzai Alivcheh Ahmad M Isfahan Aug.88 Evin Hang 1733 Mirzai Ashkiki Korous 21 M Khomam Rasht S. Nov. 10, 88 Rasht F.s Mirzai Ashkiki Kosoush 22 M Khomam Rasht S. Nov. 10, 88 Rasht F.s. 196

197 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1735 Mirzai Goudarzi Ghassem (Palang) 35 M Arak H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Arak F.s Mirzai Hossein B.s Evin Ex Miyahi Habib M Ahwaz Dec. 88 Ahwaz F.s Miyahi (Female) 23 Ahwaz H.s.s. Dec. 88 Ahwaz F.s Miyahi (Female) Ahwaz Dec. 88 Ahwaz Ex Miyaneh Darioush 25 M Tehran Nov. 88 Evin F.s Mo addab Hassan M Darab H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Estahbanat F.s Mo addeli Kavous 38 M Larestan H.s. Dip. Dec. 31, 88 Adelabad F.s Mo adi Reza M 1988 Gohardasht F.s Mo akkadi Hossein 29 M Sangsar, Semnan H.s. Dip. Oct. 23, 88 Semnan Hang Mo allemian Khodadad M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Mo ayyeri Hamid-reza 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Mo azzami Goudarzi Mirza Ali 28 M Boroujerd H.s.s. Oct. 88 Tehran F.s Mo azzeni Khodadad 30 M Kazeroun H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Shiraz F.s Mo ein 1988 Tehran Ex Mo ein (Female) Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Mo eini Reza M 1988 Tehran F.s Mo ezzi Ashraf 26 F Khoy H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Mo ezzi Hassan 23 M Khoy H.s.s. Oct. 88 Orumieh Hang Mo ezzi Ali M Khoy 1988 Khoy F.s Mo ezzi Mohammad M Khoy 1988 Khoy F.s Mo ezzi Isma eili Behzad 31 M H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Mobaraki Ali 28 M Shemiran H.s. Dip. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Mobini Kesheh Mehdi 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Dec. 88 Gohardasht F.s Modaressi 1988 Estahbanat Ex Modarres Kamali Mehdi 27 M Univ. S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang 1761 Mofkham Majid 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Moghaddam Hamid 30 M Tehran 1988 Evin F.s Moghaddam Seyyed Ali-akbar M Sep. 29, 88 Karaj F.s Moghaddam Ali 24 M Sabzevar H.s.s Mashad Hang Moghaddam Qassem 29 M Sabzevar H.s.s. Sep. 88 Sabzevar F.s Moghaddam Mohammad 21 M Sabzevar H.s.s. Sep. 88 Mashad Hang Mogharrab Ali-akbar 30 M Tehran Jul. 28, 88 Tehran Hang. 197

198 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1768 Mogharrab F Tehran Jul. 28, 88 Tehran Hang Moghbeli Farshid (Farid) M Dec. 1, 88 Evin F.s Moghbeli Massoud 26 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Moghimi Sa eid M Hamedan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Moghimi Ghadi Kola ii Karimollah M Qa emshahr H.s. Dip Evin Ex Mohajer Reza 25 M Gha en H.s. Dip Mashad Hang Mohajer Maryam 25 F Zanjan H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin F.s Mohajer Mostafa M Isfahan Sep. 88 Tehran Ex Mohajer Airomloo Hamid Reza 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Feb. 88 Evin F.s Mohajeri Ali (M.Reza) 32 M Isfahan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Mohammad Ali-zadeh Shaban-ali 31 M Kia-kola Qa emshahruniv. S. Aug. 88 Babel F.s Mohammad Hosseini Hossein 27 M Borazjan H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Ex Mohammad Hosseini Mohammad 27 M Borazjan Nov. 88 Bushehr F.s Mohammad HosseinpourMehdi 21 M H.s. S Vakilabad Hang 1782 Mohammad Nejad Jamal 25 M Ramhormoz H.s. S Ahvaz Ex Mohammad Nejad Sadeq 22 M Makoo Univ. S. Oct. 88 Orumieh F.s Mohammad Nejad Hadi 29 M Lahijan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang 1785 Mohammad Rahimi Soheila 23 F Tehran H.s. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1786 Mohammad Rahimi Farangis (Mehri) 30 F Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1787 Mohammad Rezaii Abdol-azim 28 M Ahvaz Univ. S. Aug. 88 Ahwaz F.s Mohammad Rezania Ali Reza 25 M Shahr-e Ray 1988 Evin F.s Mohammad Taher Najar Saiid 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip Evin F.s Mohammad Veisi Youness 25 M Koochesfahan Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1791 Mohammad Zadeh Rahim M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1792 Mohammad Zadeh Shekar 30 F Tehran B.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Mohammad Zadeh Gholamreza 26 M H.s. Dip Shiraz Hang 1794 Mohammad-abadi Reza M Sept. 88 Arak Ex Mohammad-amini Bahman 27 M H.s. Dip Shiraz Hang 1796 Mohammad-baqer Mohsen 25 M Tehran Aug. 9, 88 Gohardahst Hang 1797 Mohammad-khah Hossein M Arak Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang 1798 Mohammad-khani Sa ied 26 M Behshahr H.s. Dip. Sept. 88 Shahroud F.s Mohammadi Mehdi 28 M Masjed-soleiman H.s. Dip Masjed-soleiman F.s Mohammadi Ahmad 28 M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang 198

199 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1801 Mohammadi Esma eel M Aug. 88 Evin Ex Mohammadi Asghar M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Mohammadi Behrooz 29 M H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Mohammadi Saiid M Zanjan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Mohammadi Shahnaz F Mohammadi Ali 31 M Ghom P. B.s. Fev. 88 Evin Ex Mohammadi Gholam 30 M P. Dip Adel -abad Ex Mohammadi Gholamreza 28 M Shahrood H.s. Dip Shahrood Ex Mohammadi Firouz 23 M Masjed-soleiman 1988 Masjed-soleiman F.s Mohammadi Mohsen 26 M Masjed-soleiman H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Esfahan F.s Mohammadi Mohsen 22 M Kerman H.s.s. Aug. 88 Kerman F.s Mohammadi Mohammad 28 M Masjed-soleiman H.s. Dip Masjed-soleiman F.s Mohammadi Mirza M 1988 Ex Mohammadi Minoo 22 F Ghazvin H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Ghazvin Ex Mohammadi Valli M 1988 Tehran Ex Mohammadi Iraj 27 M Behbahan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Exp Mohammadi (Male) 1988 Ex Mohammadi Arjangi Abolghasem 47 M Tehran P. B.s. Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang Mohammadi Reza 35 M Tehran B.s. Nov. 88 Evin Hang. Bahman Abadi 1820 Mohammadi Maryam 28 F Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. Bahman Abadi 1821 Mohammadi Ghanaddi Sa ied 27 M Hashtpar Tavalesh Univ. S Rasht F.s Mohammadi Doost Khoda 21 M Lorestan S Pol-doghtar F.s. Gol Goli Ghobadi 1823 Mohammadi Khabbazan Asghar 24 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang Mohammadi Mir MoghimiAli 30 M B.s. Dec. 88 Evin Ex Mohammadi Moheb Mostafa 37 M Aug. 88 Gohardahst Hang Mohammadi Rezaii 1988 Esfahan Ex Mohammadi Sarvestani Gholamreza 30 M Sarvestan P. Dip. Fev. 88 Adel-abad F.s Mohammadi Zadeh Bahman M Kerman S Kerman F.s Mohammadi Zadeh Mahdokht F Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Ex Mohammadi-var Mehri F 1988 Tehran Ex. 199

200 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1831 Mohammadian Nader 23 M Abadan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Esfahan F.s Moharrami Kazem M 1988 Evin Ex Moheb Pour Mohammad Reza 28 M Fouman Univ. S Someh Sara F.s Moheb-ali Qasem 28 M Tehran H.s. S. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardahst Hang 1835 Mohsen-poudeh Farhad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1836 Mohseni Amir Hossein M 1988 Tehran Ex Mohseni Mohseni 30 M H.s. S Ahwaz F.s Mohseni Mohseni M 1988 Ex Mohseni Behbahani Mohsen 27 M Behbahan H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Behbahan F.s Mohseni Berej-abadi Yahya 25 M Orumieh H.s. S. Oct. 88 Tabriz F.s Mojaddad Jafar M 1988 F.s Mojahed Nia Parviz 17 M Islamabad H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Mojarrad Asgar 27 M Parsabad, Moghan H.s. Dip Ardebil F.s Mojaver Soheila 24 F H.s. Dip Tehran Ex Mojaver Aqili Hossein M 1988 Kord Kouy Ex Mojtaba ii Fakhri 28 F Isfahan Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan F.s Mokhtar Zadeh Soheila 24 F Tehran S Evin Tor Molla Abbas Isfahani Massoud 25 M Isfahan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Molla Abdol Hosseini Ali-akbar 35 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Molla Abdol Hosseini Morteza 29 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mollazadeh Yahya 29 M Ardebil H.s.s. Feb. 89 Ardebil F.s Mon em Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Monajatzadeh Majid 22 M Tehran H.s.s. Feb. 89 Evin F.s Montazeri Mahmoud M Ramsar Dec. 88 Orumieh F.s Montazeri Morteza 22 M H.s.s. Nov. 88 Vakilabad Ex Morabbi Behrooz 24 M Tabriz H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Tabriz F.s Morad Zadeh Sarvestani Jalal 30 M Sarvestan H.s. Dip Adel Abad F.s Moradi Bagher M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1859 Moradi Sahan M Ghaleh Kohneh 1988 F.s. Noor Abad 1860 Moradi Ali-asghar 28 M Kermanshah H.s. Dip Kermanshah Ex Moradi Ghavam 30 M Shiraz H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Adel Abad F.s Moradi Far Mohammad Bagher 26 M H.s. Dip Shiraz Hang 200

201 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1863 Moradi Shalal Manijeh 28 F Masjed Soleiman H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Ahvaz F.s Moravvej Seyyed Mohammad 27 M Shahriar, Karaj Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Morid Ali Ali M 1988 Dezful Ex Moridi Manzar 27 F Tehran H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Evin Hang Moridi Vatan Mohammad Baqer M 1988 Shiraz Hang Morovvati Abdonnabi 30 M Ilam Univ. S. Aug. 9, 88 Ilam F.s Morovvati Mohammad Nabi 24 M Ilam P. Dip. Aug. 9, 88 Ilam Tor Morshedi Shahr Babaki Mohammad Ali 28 M Shahr Babak H.s. Dip. Dec. 88 Kerman Ex Morshedzadeh Reza M 1988 Ahwaz Ex Mortazavi Rahim M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mortazavi Seyyed Hassan 31 M Isfahan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Mortazavi Seyyed Hossein 29 M Gilan B.s Evin Hang Mortazavi Tazangi Mohammad Reza 32 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Shiraz Tor Morteza ii Sanjabi Shahriar 26 M Kermanshah H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Kermanshah F.s Moshaq Mohammad M 1988 Ex Moshref Majid 25 M Qom H.s.s. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Moshrefeddin Bahram M 1988 Ahwaz Ex Moshtaqi Mahmoud 30 M Babol H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Mossadeqi Far M Isfahan 1988 Isfahan Ex Mossalli Farahnaz F H.s.s Tehran Hang Mossavat Hassan 24 M Borazjan 1988 Ex Mossavat Mohsen M Borazjan Dec. 1, 88 Boushehr Ex Mossayyeb Pour Jafar 26 M Hashtpar, Tavalesh H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Mosslehi Mansoureh 27 M Tehran Univ. S. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Mosslemi Abbas 32 M 1988 Qazvin Ex Mostafa ii Mohammad Reza M 1988 Ashtarnian Ex Mostafavi Ali M Tehran Univ. S Tehran Hang Mostafavi Kayvan M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Mostafavi Kho ii Rahim M Phd Aug. 88 Evin Hang Mostowfi Mehdi M Dec. 88 F.s Mostowfi Zadeh Mahmoud M Hamedan 1988 Hamedan Ex Motahhari Kiomars M Aug. 88 Hang Motamed Fereshteh F Rasht Nov. 88 Rasht F.s. 201

202 Victims of 1988 Massacre Seyyed Mojtaba Olama Ibrahim Pak Aghideh Javad Paykhoush Hushang Pir Nezhad Mahmoud Poolchi Abbas Poorsaheli Sakeineh Qaderi Ayyoub Qahremani Fam Manuchehr Qandehari Aliveije Shahrooz Rahsaz Rahim Rajoli Monireh Rajavi Arzhang Ramaghi Abkenar Hamid Reza Ramezanpour Samad Ranjbar Shoordel Mahmoud Rastgar 202

203 victims of 1988 Massacre Mahshid Razzaqi Mahammad Roud Gerami Roudari Jalil Sabouhian Mohammad Sadeqi Mohammad Reza Sadeqi Vahid Saeid Nezhad Qomi Abdollah Saeidi Hamid Safa i Maryam Saghari Khodaparast Ibrahim Sahraghard Parviz Salimi Mehran Samad Zadeh Isma il Senjedian Seyyed Mohammad Seyyed Ahmadi Qoshchi Seyyed Mohsen Seyyed Ahmadi Qoshchi 203

204 Victims of 1988 Massacre Ahmad Seyyedian Mohammad Reza Shari ati Parviz Sharifi Nasrin Shoja ei Morad Shoja ei Qorban (Kourosh) Shoja ei Hassan Shokrollahian Cheshmeh Azar Soleimani Saeid Soleimani Ali Taheri Ramin Tahmasebian Mohammad Talebi Mohammad Baqer Tamaddon Abad Bahram Tarz Ali Ahmad Tasharrofi Maryam Tavanaeanfar 204

205 victims of 1988 Massacre Mohammad Ali Toutounchian Ahmad Ali Vahhabzadeh Mohammad Hossein Vazin Daryoush Yousefi Mahnaz Yousefi Louyeh Farhad Za re Mohammad Zakeri Fatemeh Zare i 205

206 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1896 Mottaqi Talab Rashid (Amir) 27 M Rasht H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Mottaqi Talab Reza 22 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Mottaqian Rahmatollah 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Moussakhani Moussa (Homayoun) 31 M Zarghan Marand H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Moussavi Ashraf 34 F Tehran P. Dip. Dec. 88 Tehran F.s Moussavi Rahim M Paresar, Hashtpar Aug. 88 Rasht Ex Moussavi Seyyed Jamshid M Somehsara Aug. 88 Somehsara Ex Moussavi Seyyed Abbas M Sep. 29, 88 Karaj F.s Moussavi Mahmoud M 1988 Isfahan F.s Moussavi Mehdi M Qa emshahr Sep. 88 Gorgan Ex Moussavi (Female) 20 Jahrom H.s.s. Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Moussavi Fard Seyyed Nasser 26 M Arak H.s. Dip. Jan. 89 Arak F.s Moussavi Nezhad Reza 28 M H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Moussavi Pour LafmajaniBahman 31 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Moussavian Seyyed Mahmoud 26 M Shahr-e Kord H.s. Dip. Aug. 24, 88 Isfahan F.s Moussavian Dehkordi Alireza 33 M Shahr-e Kord B.s. Aug. 88 Mashad F.s Movaddi Khalil 29 M Birjand H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Mashad Hang Movahhedi Massoud 29 M Babol H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Babol F.s Movaqqar Moghaddam Asghar 26 M Qouchan H.s.s Vakilabad Hang Movaqqar Moghaddam Gholam Hossein 31 M Qouchan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Vakilabad Hang Mowla ii Abbas 29 M Qom Univ. S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Mozaffari Ahmad 24 M Tehran 1988 Evin F.s Mozaffari Heshmat M Islamabad H.s.s. Sep. 28, 88 Islamabad Hang Mozaffari Mohammad Reza M 1988 Shiraz Ex Nabavi Mir Faraj 25 M Mianeh H.s.s Zanjan Ex Naddafian Sa eid 26 M Ramsar H.s.s. Oct. 88 Tonekabon F.s Naderi Shahr-rey Nov. 88 Evin F.s Naderi Ebadollah 27 M Haft-Cheshmeh H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Ilam F.s Naderi Manouchehr 27 M Savadkooh H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1925 Naderi-nia Majid 23 M Mashad S Mashad Hang 1926 Nadimi 40 M 1988 Dizelabad Hang Nadimi Javad 27 M Kermanshah Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Naeim Mohammad Reza 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Evin Hang 206

207 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 1929 Nafti 1988 Takestan Hang 1930 Nagami Zad Mousa M Eilam H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Eilam F.s Nagash Zadeh Massoud 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 89 Evin Hang 1932 Nagavi 28 M Bojnored Aug.89 Vakil Abad Hang 1933 Nagdi 28 Bojnored Aug. 90 Vakilabad Hang 1934 Nagdi Dorabati Mohammmad Rafie 31 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 88 Gohardashet Hang 1935 Nagi Nejad Mojtaba M Tehran 1988 Tehran Ex Nagi Pour Amir Zadi Gholamreza 35 M H.s.dip. Nov.7.88 Vakil Abad Hang 1937 Najaf Qolian Akbar (Ali) 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Najafabadi Fatemeh M 1988 Tehran F.s Najafabadi Qandallah M 1988 Tehran Ex Najafi Safar 32 M Khomain H.s. Dip Arak F.s Najafi (Maleki) Mahtaj 22 F H.s. Dip Kermanshah Hang Najafi Azad Abedin M 1988 Rasht Hang Najib Zadeh Reza M Darab Aug. 88 Darab F.s Najjarian Ebrahim M 1988 Tehran Ex Nakha ii Akbar M 1988 Shiraz Ex Nalbandi Ahamad 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardashet Hang 1947 Namakian Habib Alah M S Arak Ex Namakian Mohammad Hassan 30 M Arak H.s.dip Arak F.s Namavar Ali M 1988 Shiraz F.s Namdar Ali-ashraf 33 M B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1951 Namdar Farah F 1988 Hang 1952 Namdar-akbari Gholamreza 23 M Tabriz S. Aug. 88 Tabriz Ex Namdar-malayeri Hassan 33 M Arak H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Arak F.s Namdari-masjedi Shahrokh 31 M Masjed-soleyman H.s.dip Masjed-soleyman F.s Namjoo Ali 31 M Roodsar H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Roodsar Hang 1956 Namvar Seyf-aldin 30 M Ardabil Univ. S. 28 Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1957 Namvar Nahid F 1988 Gohardasht F.s Namvar Nassrin F 1988 Gohardasht Hang 1959 Namvar Hajar 27 F Sonqor H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 1960 Nankoli Simin 26 F H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Nankoli Faraj 30 M Qazvin Univ. S Evin F.s. 207

208 Crime Against Humanity R 1962 Nansa Surname Mansoureh Name 25 Age FSex Tehran POB Edu. H.s. Dip Date Tehran Place Method Hang Naraqi Mohammad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Narimani Ramin 25 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Naseri Shahrokh 27 M Ilam P.dip Evin F.s Naseri Mahmoud M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 1967 Naseri Manoucher M 1988 Tehran F.s Naseri-raz Lighi Massoud 30 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 2, 88 Gohardasht Hang 1969 Nasir Moghdam Nazr 29 M Poul Dokhtar H,S.dip. Aug. 88 Khoram Abad F.s Nasouri Pouran 26 F Kermanshah H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Ghohardasht Hang 1971 Nasrabadi Majid 25 M Sabzevar H.s.s Tehran F.s Nasrabadi Nasr M Univ. S. Dec. 88 Evin Ex Nasri Seyyed M.Mehdi 30 M Hamedan H.s.dip Aug. 88 Hamedan F.s Nasri Qodrat M 1988 Tehran Ex Nasrollahi Iraj 32 M P. Dip Shiraz Hang Nassabi Azamossadat 29 M Kermanshah H.s.s. Aug. 29, 88 Gohardasht Hang Nassaj Mahmoud 31 M Univ. S Vakilabad Hang Nassari Kaveh 25 M Karaj H.s.s. Aug. 13, 88 Gohardasht Hang Nasserian Mahmmoud 26 M S. 24 Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1980 Nassim Fakhri 26 F Isfahan H.s.s Ex Nassiri 25 M Mashad H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Vaki Abad Hang 1982 Nassiri Javad 28 M Mashad H.s.dip. Aug. 89 Mashad Hang 1983 Nassiri Hossien M Tehran Feb. 89 Tehran F.s Nassiri Saber 30 M Abkenar Anzali Aug. 88 Anzali F.s Nateghi Qassem M 1988 Ex Navaei Ashraf F 1988 Hang 1987 Nazar Ali Kasmaei Mahmoud M Kasma Someh Sara H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Nazar Ali Zadeh Fereidoun 22 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Nazari Ahmad 29 M Malayer H.s.dip. Aug. 89 Hamedan F,S Nazari Hamzeh 28 M Amlash Roodsar H.s.dip. Aug.88 Roodsar F,S Nazem-albaka Iskandar 28 M Northern Iran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 1992 Nazemi Aug. 88 Golpayegan F.s Nazemi Ruhollah M Ilam H.s.dip Ilam Ex Nazemi Abbas 30 M Khoy Univ.s. Sep.88 Orumeih F,S Nazemi Ali 27 M H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Evin F.s. 208

209 A List of Victims R 1996 Nazemi Surname Yadollah(li) Name Age MSex Hamadan POB Edu. H.s.s. Aug. Date 88 Evin Place Method F.s Nazeri Javad 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. 30 Jul. 88 Gohardasht Hang 1998 Nazeri Reza 23 M H.s.dip. 2 Aug. 88 Kashan F.s Nazeri Manouchehr 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang 2000 Nazeri-fini Zahra 25 F Kashan Univ. S. Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s Nazeri-fini Mohammad Reza 23 M Kashan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s Naziri Kameneh Khosrow 28 M Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2003 Neghban Hossein 25 M Rashet H.s.dip. Aug. 89 Rashet Hang 2004 Nejati Majid 25 M Mashad H.s.s. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Nejati Katamjani Seyyed Hossein 29 M Bandar Anzali H.s. Dip. Sep. 1, 88 Evin Hang Nejati Moharrami Amin 31 _ Bojnourd H.s. Dip. Aug. 16, 88 Vakilabad Hang Nemat Baksh Akbar 24 M Isfahan Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s Nemat Baksh Reza 23 M Isfahan Aug. 4,88 Isfahan F.s Nemat Baksh Sofia 26 F Isfahan Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s Nemati Ghanbar 28 M Talgan H.s.dip Aug.16, 88 Gohardasht Hang Nemati 1988 Evin Ex Nemati Arab Mohammad Reza 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2013 Nemati Zadeh Moosa 35 M Eilam B.s. Sep. 21, 88 Eilam F,S Nematirad Mohammad Reza 27 M Sabzvar 1988 Evin Ex Nemati{ Varki} Farshid{Nagi} M Ghazvin Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2016 Nematolahei Abbas 19 M Tehran S Evin F.s Nematolahei Arab Amir 29 M Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Nemoneh Khah Asgar 21 M Tabriz H.s. Aug.14, 88 Tabriz F.s Neshati Ali 31 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Nezam Pasand Hassan 27 M Kochesfahan P.dip. Aug. 88 Rashat Hang 2021 Nezam Zadeh Univ.s Adel Abad Ex Nia Jalili Jafar M Gilan Aug. 88 Evin Hang Niakan Ahmad 31 M Kazeroon H.s.dip 1988 Kazeroon F.s Niakan Hossein 25 M Terhan S Aug. 13, 88 Gohardasht Hang Niakan Zahra 19 F Tehran H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Orumieh F.s Niavand Abdollah M Oct. 88 Tehran Ex Niayesh Massoud M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Nick-khah Ali M Dec. 88 F.s Nick-khah Firouz 27 M Mianeh Univ.s Zanjan F.s. 209

210 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2030 Nickar(nickan) Reza M Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Nickfar Mohammadreza 25 M Roodsar S. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Nicknam Ali 25 M Norabad-mamsani Univ.s. Dec. 88 Adelabad F.s Nicko Hossein 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Nicko-eghbal Tak Fatemeh Zahra 28 F Tehran H.s.dip Dec. 88 Evin F.s Nickopour Ali-asghar 26 M Ahwaz H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Niclo Fariba 22 F Tehran S. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Niclo-pourdeilami Ali-asghar 27 M Ahwaz H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Shiraz Exe Nik Kar Mohammad 22 M S. Nov. 88 Ex Nikbin Mohammad Ali 26 M Tehran S Aug. 11, 88 Gohardasht Hang Nikfar Ahmad 29 M Roodsar Univ. S Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Nikfar Ali 30 M Shalman H.s.dip 1988 Rasht F.s Nikkhah Ibrahim 23 M Kouchesfahan H.s.dip Dec. 88 Rasht Ex Nikkhoee Hojjatollah M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 2044 Nikpour Farrokh Homayon 29 M Tehran Univ. S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Nikravesh Ismae l 30 M H.s.dip Aug. 88 Gorgan Explo Nilghaz Kheirollah- Rashid 27 M Shariar Karaj H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Nilghaz Ali(kheirollah) M H.s.dip. Sep.88 Tehran F.s Niri Mohsen M 1988 Tehran Ex Niri Naser 22 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Niroomand Hamid 27 M H.s.dip 1988 Mashad Hang Niroomand Hamid 18 M S Nov. 88 Kazeroon F.s Noorbakhsh Farhad 20 M 1988 Tehran Tor Noori Ahmad 27 M 1988 Evin F.s Noori Jalal 23 M Kermanshah S Aug. 11, 88 Gohardasht Hang Noori Hossein M 1988 Evin F.s Noori Adel 28 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 16, 88 Gohardasht Hang Noori Ali M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Noori Ali 31 M Galoodar Larestan H.s. Dip 1988 Shiraz Ex Noori Gholam 26 M Kermanshah Aug. 88 Gohardasht F.s Noori Ghodratollah 29 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Noori Mohammad 27 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2062 Noori Mohammad Shfieh 22 M S 1988 Ex. 210

211 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2063 Noori Mahmoud M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2064 Noori Narghes 23 F Orumieh S Sep. 88 Orumieh F.s Noori Naeem M 1988 Evin Ex Noori Nik Mohammad 30 M Tehran H.s.dip Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Noori Nik Mahnaz 29 F Tehran Univ. S Oct. 88 Gohardasht Hang 2068 Noormajdei Isma el 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Ex Noormohammad Noori Parvaneh 30 F Noor Mazandaran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Noormohammad Noori Saleheh (Saghi) 24 F Noor Mazandaran H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Noormohammadi Isma el 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Noormohammadi Zidollah 25 M Sarab H.s.dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Noormohammadi Mansour M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 2074 Noorozi Isma el 38 M P.dip Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Noorozi Taghi 28 M Roodsar H.s.dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Noorozi Tahmoures 26 M Some esara S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Noorozi Ali M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Noorozi Feraydoon 19 M H.s.dip Sep. 88 Evin Ex Noorozi Kazem 25 M Dec. 88 Adel Abad Ex Noorozi Kianoush 26 M Karaj Univ.s Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Noorozi Mohammad 30 M Shahriar H.s.dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Noorozi Mohammad Reza 31 M Orumeieh P. Dip 1988 Orumieh Ex Noorozi Mehdi 24 M Tehran H.s.dip Sep. 88 Evin F.s Noorozi Naser 25 M Tehran Univ. S Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2085 Noparvar Mohammad 27 M Aug.6, 88 Gohardashet Hang 2086 Nosrati Farzin 34 M Shahriar, Karaj Ph.d. Aug. 1, 88 Gohardasht Hang Nosrati Koshro Ahamad{Morad} 25 M Gilan S Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 2088 Nour Amin Ahmad Reza 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardashet Hang 2089 Nour Amin Mohammmf^ Jza M Jan.10, 89 Karaj Ex Nouraei Jahangir 25 M Kohdasht H.s.dip. Jan, 89 Khoram Abad F.s Nouraei Motlag Ali 23 M Isfahan H.s.dip. Aug Isfahan F.s Nourani Javan Mohammad 26 M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2093 Nozari Habib Alah M Fahlian Hassani Nov. 88 Ex Olama Seyyed Mojtaba 29 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Feb. 89 Evin F.s Olfati Shahpour M Gilan-e Gharb Aug Islam-abad Ex. 211

212 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2096 Omidi Mohammadreza 26 M Andimeshk Aug. 88 Ahvaz Ex Omidi Dec. 88 Shiraz Ex Omoumi Fariba 27 F Isfahan Univ. S. Sep. 88 Evin Hang 2099 Omrani M Isfahan Nov. 88 Evin F.s Omrani Mostafa 25 M Songhor 1988 Gohardasht Ex 2101 Onsori Zahra 27 F Abadan Aug. 88 Ahvaz F.s Oraki Nasrin 27 F Masjed Suleiman H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Ahvaz Ex Oranghi Hossein 32 M Tabriz Aug. 88 Tabriz Hang Oranghi Ali M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Osati Ali 29 M Karaj H.s.dip Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Ostad-rahimi Mohammad-reza 29 M Tehran S/ Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Ostevari Kambiz 28 M Tehran S/ Aug. 88 Evin Hang Ozlati Isma el 32 M Tabriz Univ.s Tabriz Ex Pahlavan Neshan Morteza M Isfahan P.dip. Sep. 88 Gohardasht F.s Pak Aghideh Ibrahim 26 M Some-e Sara S 1988 Ex Pakbaz Maryam (Sara) 23 M Tehran H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Paki Ali 32 M Tehran H.s.dip Tehran Tor Pana Mohammadi Peyman 25 M Kerman H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Kerman F.s Panah Bar Khoda 27 Mianeh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Mianeh F.s Panahei Khodaverdi M Qa emshahr 1988 Qa emshahr Hang Panahei Shahin 32 M Kazeroon H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Panahei Mehrdad 30 M H.s.dip. Feb. 89 Evin F.s Panahei Vaghar Afshar 32 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Sep. 89 Evin F.s Panjeh Shahi Sep. 89 Tehran F.s Papay Nemat M Durood Nov. 88 Durood F.s Parandeh Bahram 25 M Mashad S Aug Mashad Hang Parendeh Ali 28 M Masha 1988 Mashad Hang Parsa Mohammad 28 M Behbahan P.dip. Nov. 88 Behbahan F.s Parsi Babak 22 M Kermanshah P.dip Nov. 88 Behbahan F.s Parsi Kazem 35 M Sabzevar B.s Mashad Hang Partoovi Mohammad Ali M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Parvareh Ahmad M Nov. 11, 88 Noushahr F.s Parvizi Amir Hossein 48 M Shiraz 1988 Shiraz F.s. 212

213 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2129 Parvizi Amir Hassan M Sep. 88 Evin Explo Pasandideh Jamshid 29 M Katalem Ramsar H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Pasha Mohammad M Oct. 88 Evin F.s Pavoshki Reza 22 M Shahr-e Babak H.s. S. Dec. 88 Kerman Ex Paydar Arani Mash allah 25 M Aran Kashan Univ. S. Sep. 88 Isfahan F.s Paydar Arani Mansour 31 M Aran Kashan Univ. S. Aug. 17, 88 Evin Hang Paykhoush Javad 29 M 1988 Ex Paymard Jalal M 1988 Shiraz Ex Pazira Abbas 32 M Arak H.s.dip Tehran F.s Peshkehei Cheraghi M Koochesfahan 1988 F.s Peykar Farshid M Oct. 20, 88 Tehran Ex Pezhman Far (Ahmadi) Mahbobeh 34 M Ph.d Sep. 88 Evin Explo Pirnezhad Housahg 33 M Sannadaj Univ. S. Aug. 23, 88 Orumeieh F.s Pirooz Ram Safarali 28 M Hamedan H.s.s. Aug. 3, 88 Evin F.s Pirooz Zadeh Naser 33 M Tehran Univ. S. Sep. 88 Ahvaz F.s Pishevari Keshmesh Ahmad Ali 27 M Makoo H.s.dip Makoo Tor. Tappehei 2145 Poolchi Mahmoud (Hamed) 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Feb. 27, 89 Evin F.s Poor Ghazian Isfahani Mehdi 27 M Tehran S Aug Evin Hang Poor Ramazan Majid 32 M Shiraz Univ. S. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Poor Razi Ali 29 M Qoochan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Mashad Hang Poor Rosta Massoud M Aug. 88 Hang Poor Salehi Abbas M Nov. 88 Evin F.s Poor Zahmat Rahim 29 M Eastern Azarbijan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Pooralhosseini Zia 25 M Gachsaran S 1988 Adel Abad Ex Pooreyvaz Fazan 26 M Astara H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Karaj F.s Poorhashem Tabrizi Ahmad 24 M Roodsar Oct. 88 Rashat F.s Poorheshmat Mohammad 28 M Northern City Aug. 88 Evin Hang Poorkashkooli Qashqaei Fatemeh 27 F Abadan S Jan. 89 Shiraz F.s Poorkashkooli Qashqaei Farzaneh 26 F Abadan H.s. Dip. Dec. 16, 88 Shiraz F.s Poormirza Arya 26 F H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Poormohammad Doost Reza 26 M H.s.dip Rashat Hang Poormohmmad Massoud 23 M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 213

214 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method Jafar Jalali 2161 Poornasir Saber 28 M Abkenar Anzali H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rashat F.s Poornourooz Behzad 28 M Ilam H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Dizel Abad F.s Poorsafir Abkenari Saber M 1988 Rashat Ex Poorsaheli Abbas 33 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Poostinchi Qoochan Dec. 1, 88 Qoochan F.s Pouei Mohammad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qadaksaz Rahim 25 M Azarshahr H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Qadaksaz Majid 31 M Azarshahr Univ. S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qadaksaz (Female) 1988 Azarshahr F.s Qadami Houshang 29 M Qa emshahr H.s.s. Jan. 89 Amol F.s Qaderi Sakineh 34 F Abadan P. Dip Ahwaz F.s Qadiri Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Qadiri Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Qadiri Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Qadiri Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Qadiyani Mojtaba 27 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Qahremai Fam Ayyoub 24 M Bonab H.s.s. Feb. 89 Evin F.s Qahreman Behnam 24 M Mashad H.s.s Vakilabad Hang Qahremani Bijan 29 M Ahwaz Univ. S. Jul. 31, 88 Ahwaz F.s Qahremani Hassan 26 M Shahriar H.s.s Gohardasht Hang Qahremani Morteza M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Qahremani Mostafa M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Qahremani Mansour 33 M Zanjan Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Qajar Mohammad Ali M Nov. 25, 88 Evin F.s Qalavand Hojjat Ollah 25 M Andimeshk H.s.s. Aug. 5, 88 Dezful F.s Qalavand Shahnaz F Andimeshk 1988 Andimeshk 2187 Qalavand Abdshah 22 M Andimeshk H.s.s Khorramabad F.s Qalavand Mohammad Reza 25 M Dezful H.s. Dip Aug. 5, 88 Dezful F.s Qalavand Yahya 25 M Andimeshk H.s. Dip Aug. 5, 88 Dezful F.s Qale ii Nader 29 M H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qale ii Nasser M Jan. 17, 89 Evin Ex Qan e Shater Mohammad 25 M H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Mashad Hang. 214

215 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method Hossein Pour 2193 Qan e Tabrizi 32 Shiraz Univ. S. Aug. 88 Ahwaz F.s Qanat Abadi Mehri 29 F Tehran H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Evin Ex Qanavati Esma il 24 M Mahshahr H.s. Dip 1988 Mahshahr F.s Qanavati Nassrollah 26 M Bandar-e Mahshahr H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Qanbari Esma il 35 M Hamedan 1988 Gohardasht Hang Qanbari Taymour 29 M Masjid Solaiman H.s. Dip 1988 Masjid Solaiman F.s Qanbari Hassan 31 M Hamedan H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qanbari Sa eid 30 M Hasht-par, Tavalesh Univ. S Hasht-par F.s Qanbari Shahnaz F Oct. 88 Masjid Solaiman F.s Qanbari Taher M Lahijan Sep. 88 Evin F.s Qanbari Ali M Masjid Solaiman 1988 Masjid Solaiman F.s Qanbari Houshang 31 M Jiroft H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Kerman F.s Qanbari Yousef 32 M Gallehdar-e Elemen Shiraz Ex. Larestan 2206 Qandehari Baqer 23 M H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin F.s Qandehari Alavijeh Manouchehr 29 M Shemiran H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Gohardasht Hang Qane ii Hassan 32 M Rasht H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Rasht Hang Qara ii Mehdi 30 M Torbat Jam P. Dip. Sep. 88 Mashad Hang Qareche ii Morteza 28 M H.s. Dip Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang Qareche ii Hadi M H.s. Dip Aug. 16, 88 Mashad Hang Qash qa ii Khosrow 29 M Isfahan H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Isfahan Ex Qash qa ii Yadollah 30 M B.s Mashad Hang Qash qa iyan Reza M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Qassab Nezhad Bijan 33 M Kazeroun H.s. Dip 1988 Shiraz F.s Qassemi Ali M Dec. 88 Tehran F.s Qassemi Ali Reza M Arak Nov. 88 Arak F.s Qassemi 25 Shiraz P. Dip. Feb. 89 Shiraz F.s Qassemi Ramin 26 M Rasht H.s. Dip/ Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Qassemi Shokriyazi Salman 28 M Salmas H.s. Dip Sep. 88 Orumieh F.s Qassempour Ali Reza 26 M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qassempour Qassem M Tehran Univ. S Gohardasht F.s Qavami Siavosh 29 M Lahijan H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 215

216 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2224 Qavami Mohsen 35 M Siahkal P. Dip Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Qazi (Hosseini) Mohammad M Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Qazi Tabataba i Parviz 20 M Tabriz H.s. Dip 1988 Tehran Ex Qazi Tabataba i Massoud 26 M H.s.s. Jan. 89 Evin F.s Qazvini Hossein 31 M Kermanshah Univ. S. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Qiamati Ali 24 M H.s. Dip Nov. 88 Evin F.s Qiami (Female) 1988 Ahwaz F.s Qobad Hassan M Ahwaz H.s.s Evin F.s Qobadian Hamid 37 M B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qobadian (Female) F Aug. 88 Evin Ex Qobadian (Female) 35 F B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Ex Qobadpour Manouchehr 29 M Ahwaz H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Qodratabadi Mohammad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qodrati Youness 25 M Kouchesfahan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Qodsinia Simin 33 F Univ. S. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Qoli Pour Shaban Ali 27 M Ganj Tappeh Univ. S. Aug. 4, 88 Hamedan F.s Qoli Pour Mahmoud M Qa emshahr Dec. 88 Qa emshahr F.s Qoli Pour Mahmoud M Sep. 88 Zanjan F.s Qolizadeh Massoud 28 M Fouman H.s. Dip Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qoraishi Seyyed Abolfazl M Semnan Nov. 88 Semnan F.s Qoraishi Massiha 27 M Zanjan H.s.s. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. (Seyyed Massih) 2245 Qoraishi Mahin 28 F Northern Iran Aug. 88 Evin Ex Qoraishi Mahin 25 F Naqadeh H.s.s Orumieh F.s Qoraishvandi 1988 Masjid Solaiman Ex Qorban Ali Mohammad Reza 25 M Tehran-kan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Qorban Nezhad Ali 32 M Roudsar Univ. S Gilan Ex Qorbani Bahram 29 M Sari H.s.dip 1988 F.s Qorbani Ali 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Qorbani Mahin 27 F Univ. S. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Qorbani Ardestani Senobar 31 F Ardestan Univ. S. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Qorbanzadeh Hossein M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s. 216

217 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2255 Qorbanzadeh Givi Ayyoub 27 M Givi Khalkhal H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Qoron (Qor an) Hadi M 1988 Ex Qowmian Behrouz M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Qowssi Yassin (Youssef) 20 M Gallehdar-e S. Nov. 88 Bandar Abbas F.s. Larestan 2259 Ra ies Karimi Ali Asghar M 1988 Adelabad Hang 2260 Ra ies Karimi Mohammad Taghi 29 M P.dip Shiraz Hang 2261 Rabii Abbas 30 M Univ.s. Aug.88 Ghazvin F.s Rabii Nasser M Hamedan Aug. 18, 88 Hamedan F.s Rabii S. Nov.88 Tehran F.s Rabiizadeh Ebrahim M 1988 Evin F.s Rabinejad Yadollah 25 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Jan.89 Rasht F.s Radmanish Homa 33 F H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Radmanish Aliasghar 25 M Kermanshah S. Sep. 88 Ghohar-dasht Hang Rafii-pour Ali 23 M Chalous Sep. 88 Nowshahr F. S Rahati Ali Asghar 34 M Tehran Nov. 8, 88 Khoy Hang Rahbar Mahmoud M Langarouid 1988 Rasht Ex Rahbari Gholamali 37 M Fassa H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Adelabad F.s Rahbari Majid 21 M Tehran 1988 Evin Ex Raheli-khorasani Mehdi 32 M Mashad B.s Mashad F.s Rahii Mostafa 23 M Tehran H.s.dip. Feb. 89 Eivn Hang Rahii Mansoor 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Rahimi 53 Ghazvien Oct. 88 Gorgan F.s Rahimi Nov. 1, 88 Adelabad Ex Rahimi Jul. 30, 88 Fasa F.s Rahimi Ahmad 37 M Salmas H.s.s. Sep. 88 Orumeh F.s Rahimi Pari 26 F Tehran H.s.s. Aug.88 Tehran Hang Rahimi Kherollah 19 M Ardebil S. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Rahimi Sohilla 28 F Kermanshah H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Rahimi Kayvan 26 M Oct. 88 Evin F.s Rahimi Mehdi M 1988 F.s Rahimi Mitra M Kermanshah H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Kermanshah F.s Rahimi-moozam Hassan 32 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 9, 88 Ghohar-dasht Hang. 217

218 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2287 Rahimian Mehrdad 24 M Univ.s. Oct. 88 Adelabad Hang Rahimnejad Tahmores 40 M Gorgan M.s. Oct. 88 Gorgan F.s Rahimzadeh Ali-reza 30 M Isfahan B.s. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Rahimzadeh Mojtaba M Oct. 88 Isfahan F.s Rahmani Isma il 23 M Aghajari H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Zahedan F.s Rahmani Hassan 27 M Shahrood H.s.dip Tehran F.s Rahmani Satar(aziz) 24 M Ghazvien H.s.dip Ghazvin Ex Rahmani Fereydoun 30 M Saman 1988 Shahr-e Kord F.s Rahmani Mehdi M Rasht H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Ghohar-dasht Hang Rahmani Nasser 28 M Tehran H.s.dip Tehran Hang Rahmanian Mohsen 24 M H.s.s. Oct. 88 Adelabad F.s Rahmanian Jahrom H.s.dip Adelabad F.s Rahmanzadeh Nasser 38 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rahmati F Ilam S Ilam Hang Rahmati Abdolrahman 27 M Gorgan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Ghohardasht F.s Rahmati Marzieh 26 F Ilam H.s.dip. Aug. 9, 88 Ilam Hang Rahmatian Oct. 88 Arak F.s Rahnama Mohammad-taghi 33 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Sep. 9, 88 Tabriz Ex Rahnama Nia Davoud M Tabriz Univ.s. Aug. 88 Tabriz Ex Rahnama Nia Kazem 29 M Tabriz Univ.s Aug. 9, 88 Tabriz Ex Rahnama Nia Mohammad Taghi 30 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tabriz Hang Rahnamayan Naghi 30 M 1988 Tabriz F.s Rahsaz Shahrooz 25 F Tabriz H.s.dip Tabriz F.s Rahsepar Farideh F 1988 Shiraz Ex Rahsepar (Female) Kazeroun Aug. 23, 88 Shiraz F.s Rahshbdez M. Mehdi 24 M Tehran Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Rajabi Hossein 28 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Hamedan F.s Rajabi Hamid M Oct. 88 Semnan F.s Rajabi M.Ebrahim 58 M H.s.s. Oct. 88 Gorgan F.s Rajabi Mohammad-Hassan M Aug. 88 Ex Rajabi Nasrin 26 F Elame H.s.dip. Aug. 9, 88 Elame F.s Rajaii Ahmad 32 M Boroojerd P.dip. Oct. 88 Khoramabad F.s Rajaii Ali-reza 30 M Tehran H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin F.s. 218

219 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2320 Rajaii Ghasme 31 M Rasht(sangar) H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang Rajaii-poor Fatemeh 26 F Asstar H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Evin F.s Rajaiifar Mohammad-ali M Aug. 88 Ghohardasht Hang Rajavi Monireh 38 F Mashad Univ.s. Oct. 88 Evin F.s Ramaghi Abkenari Arjang 26 M Khoi H.s.dip. Aug. 2, 88 Hamedan F.s Ramesh Mohammad-ali 25 M Babol-sar S. Aug. 88 Sari Hang Ramezan Nejad Hurieh 23 F Rezvanshahr H.s.s. Aug. 1, 88 Rasht F.s Ramezani Habib 26 M Dec. 16, 88 Evin F.s Ramezani Mohammad Hossein 17 M Islamabad 1988 Islamabad F.s Ramezani Yussef 29 M Babol H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gorgan Ex Ramezanian Siamak 23 M Ghouchan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Ramezanlou Saeid 27 M Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Ramezanpour Hamidreza 32 M Lahijan Univ.s. Jul. 29, 88 Lahijan Tor Ramezanpour Bandarchi Hamid 27 M Rasht H.s.dip. Sep. 8, 88 Evin Tor Ramini 1988 Ghohar-dasht Ex Ramzi Esmaili Behzad 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 89 Tehran Hang Ranjbar 1988 Lahijan F.s Ranjbar Reza 26 M Ghaemshahr Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Ranjbar Reza M Rasht 1988 Rasht Ex Ranjbar Zahra 30 F Shiraz Univ.s. Jan. 89 Shiraz F.s Ranjbar Mohammad 21 M Ghaemshahr H.s.s Evin Ex Ranjbar Hadi 27 M Kalachai Rasht 1988 Ghezel-hessar F.s Ranjbar Boroumand Parviz 35 M Boushehr 1988 F.s Ranjbar Masoure i Taher 25 M Andimeshk H.s.s Dezful F.s Ranjbar Masoure i Tahereh 29 F 1988 F.s Ranjbar Shoureh Del Samad 26 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 15, 88 Gohardasht Hang 2346 Rasekhi Shahrokh 28 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rashid Abbas M Oct. 88 Evin F.s Rashid-marandi Ahmad 38 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rashidi Amir 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rashidi Hassan M Tafresh S Tehran F.s Rashidi Hamid 25 M S Evin Ex Rashidi Sirous M Khonj Oct. 88 Shiraz Ex. 219

220 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2353 Rashidi Mohsen 24 M Tehran S. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Rashidi Mohammad 26 M H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Ahwaz Ex Rashidian Gholam-hossein 27 M Haftgol H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Ahwaz Ex Rashtchian Massoud 31 M Zanjan B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rashtian(rashidain) Massoud M 1988 Tehran Ex Rasooli Amir M 1988 Evin Ex Rasooli Saeid M Tehran Univ.s Tehran Ex Rasooli Ali M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rasooli Mohammad 36 M Tehran H.s.dip Ahwaz F.s Rasooli-nejad Saeed M Tehran Univ.s Ahwaz F.s Rastgar Reza 25 M Tabriz S Tabriz Ex Rastgar Mohammad 26 M Rasht H.s.dip Rasht F.s Rastgar Mahmood 27 M Rasht Jul. 31, 88 Ex Rastgoo Mehrdad M 1988 F.s Ravandi Amir M Jan. 89 Tehran Fs Ravijzadeh Ibrahim (Ebi) 25 M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Raybi Nasser 30 M Boroojerd H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Hamedan F.s Rayhani Ahmad 25 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Jul. 29, 88 Hamedan F.s Rayhani Abass 27 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Rayhani Mehdi 25 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Jul. 28, 88 Hamedan F.s Rayhani Hamedan H.s.dip Hamedan F.s Rayshahri Sep. 88 Boushehr F.s Raysi Saeid 30 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Raysi Saeid M Boroojerd Univ.s Ex Razaghai Ahmad (mohsan) 24 M Shmeran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Razaghai Mahshid(Hossen) 34 M Shmeran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Razavi Seyyed Ahmad 30 M Masjed Soleiman H.s. Dip. Nov. 14, 88 Masjed Soleiman F. S Razavi Gholam M 1988 Evin F. S Razban Farideh 35 F Tehran M.s. Aug. 19, 88 Tehran Hang Razi Rajab-ali 19 M Fooman H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tabrez Hang Razip0ur Zeinolabedin M Babol H.s.s F. S Reghbati Morteza 25 M Shabestar Rasht H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Evin F. S Reghbati Mostafa 30 M H.s. Dip Tehran F. S. 220

221 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2386 Rejli(rahmani) Rahim (Issa) 30 M Maragheh H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Reza Ali-asghar 38 M 1988 Evin Hang Reza Shahi Abdolah M Bandar Abbass Sept. 88 Bandar Abbass Ex Reza Shahi Gholam M Sept. 88 Bandar Abbass Ex Reza i M Sept. 88 Tehran Ex Reza i Asghar 30 M Tafresh H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Ex Reza i Akbar M Sep. 88 Isfahan Ex Reza i Parisa 27 F Shahr-e Ray 1988 Ex Reza i Hassan 25 M Qouchan Aug. 88 Evin Hang Reza i Hassan M North Iran 1988 Evin Hang Reza i Daryoush 22 M Kermanshah Student 1988 Kermanshah Ex Reza i Shahrokh 28 M North Iran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Reza i Shahriar 28 M Masal P.dip. Dec. 88 Evin Hang Reza i Abbass 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Reza i Alireza M Oct. 88 Ahwaz Hang Reza i Nadereh F Nov. 88 Ahwaz Ex Reza i Jahromi Manouchehr 28 M Abadan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Reza i Nikoo Mahmoud 31 M Tabriz S. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang Reza-khani Asghar M Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Reza-pour Ahmad M Oct. 88 Tehran Ex Reza-soltani Fatemeh 22 F S. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Reza-zadeh Soudabeh(zohreh) 22 F Tehran S Evin Hang Reza-zadeh Gholamreza 26 M Abadan H.s.dip Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Reza-zadeh Kourosh 23 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Reza-zadeh Mohammadreza 30 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Reza-zadeh Reza 33 M Some eh Sara H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Ex. Qassab Saraee 2412 Reza-zadeh-eslam Reza M Some eh Sara H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rezaee Torqabeh Hojat 30 M P. Dip Samarqand Tor Rezaee-zadeh Alireza M Oct. 88 Tehran Ex Rezaian Mohammad 26 M Roudsar Student 1988 Roudsar Ex Rezvani Hossein 26 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F. S Rezvani Alireza 28 M Tehran H.s. Dip. Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang. 221

222 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2418 Rezvani Gholamreza 31 M Shahroud B. S. Nov. 88 Evin Hang Rezvani Naser 28 M Gilan H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Rezvani Gholamreza 30 M Mashad 1988 Ex Riazi Hamid 33 M Dareh Gaz H.h.dip. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Rizvandi Hakimeh 27 F Ilam H.s.dip. Aug. 9, 88 Ilam F.s Robati 1988 Ex Rocky-(shojahi) Hamid 21 M Masjid-soliman H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Masjid-soliman F.s Rocky-poor Abdolreza 35 M Masjid-soliman H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Masjid-soliman F.s Roofbashar-doost Ahmad 24 M Ostara H.s.s Tehran Hag Rosoom-jalali Davood M Babol 1988 Babol F.s Rostamalipoor Parviz M Sep. 88 Evin Hang Rostamani-elvar Nemat(rostam) 25 M Elvar-village H.s.s Tehran Ex Rostami Aug. 88 Masjid-soliman F.s Rostami Hamid 26 M Abadan H.s.dip Shiraz Hang Rostami Majid 29 M Zanjan P.dip Zanjan F.s Rostami Majid 25 M Zanjan S Zanjan Ex Rostami-(shahraji) Mohdokht 26 F Rasht S.h.dip Rasht F.s Rostami-sofiani Ali 30 M Sofian-tabriz H.s.dip Tabriz Hang Rostamian-sofani Abbas 35 M Sofian-tabriz P.dip Tabriz F.s Rostamzadeh Akbar 29 M Makoo S. Aug. 9, 88 Makoo F.s Roud Mohammad 26 M Tehran Univ.s. Nov. 88 Evin Hang Roudari Siamak 31 M Roudbaft 1988 Kerman F.s Roudari Gerami 31 M Kerman Aug. 7, 88 Kerman F.s Rouh Hassan 27 M Rasht H.s.dip Rasht F.s Rouh Parvar Assad M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Rouhandeh Faramarz 18 M Babol S Zahedan Hang Rouhani 1988 Ex Rouhani Zahra F Qa emshahr Aug. 88 Qa emshahr F.s Rouhani Farideh 33 F Qa emshahr H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Qa emshahr Ex Rouhollah Zadeh Mehdi 29 M Babolsar H.s.dip. Nov. 22, 88 Babol F.s Rouhparvar Ahmad M Tabriz B.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Rousta Massoud 27 M Rasht H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin. Hang Roustai i Gholamhossein M Aug. 88 Evin Hang 222

223 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2451 Roustai i Mahshahr 1988 Ahwaz F.s Rouzbehani Hossein M 1988 F.s Rouzbehani Majid M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Rouzehdar Adel 27 M Shahre Rei Univ.s. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Rouzgari Karim M Tabriz Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Rouzitalab Ahmad M Shiraz 1988 Shiraz Ex Rouzitalab Parviz 25 M Shiraz S. Nov. 88 Shiraz F.s Sa adat 23 Babol H.s.dip. Oct. 88 F.s Sa adati Hossein M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Sa adati Roghieh(mansoureh) 34 F Shiraz H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Sa dollah-zadeh Daryioush 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Sab-e Nasser 24 M Orumieh H.s.s Urumieh F.s Sabagh Hossien 22 M Babol H.s.s Sari Tor Sabaghian-khamenah Mansoor 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Qa emshahr Hang Sabar Davood M 1988 F.s Saber Bachemir Nassir M Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Saberi Leaf Shagerdi Hadi 26 M Rasht H.s.s. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Sabet Raftar Reza 27 M Tehran H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Sabet Raftar Massoud 30 M Tehran Univ. S. Jul. 30, 88 Evin F.s Sabohian Jalil 29 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Hamedan F.s Sabouri Sanobar 28 F Karman Univ.s Evin Ex Sabouri Amol 1988 Amol Hang Sabri Nader 31 M Tabriz Univ.s. Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Sabzdel Majid M Masjed Soleiman 1988 Masjed Soleiman F.s Sadaf Mohammad 25 M Kashan H.s.s. Aug. 2, 88 Isfahan F.s Sadat Hosseini Jahrom 1988 Shiraz F.s Sadat Hosseini 60 Jahrom 1988 Shiraz F.s Sadat Hosseini Abolfazl 27 M Jahrom H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Sadat Hosseini Hassan M Jahrom 1988 Shiraz Hang Sadegh Payam 27 M Borojard H.s.dip Ahwaz F.s Sadegh Farhad M Ramsar Sep. 88 Ramsar F.s Sadegh-baygi Parivash 23 F Univ.s. Oct. 88 Tehran F.s Sadegh-baygi Hossein 29 M Tehran P.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht F.s. 223

224 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2484 Sadegh-baygi Mohsen 27 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Sadegh-kaya Nader 29 M Ramsar H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Sadegh-nejad Mohsen M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Sadegh-zadeh Hossein M Hamedan Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Sadegh-zadeh-ardbily Mohsen 27 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Sadeghi Abolhassan 38 M Qom H.s.dip Qom F.s Sadeghi Bahman 25 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Hamedan F.s Sadeghi Hossein 31 M Shahrood B.s. Sep. 88 Shahrood F.s Sadeghi Ali M Karmanshah 1988 Ex Sadeghi Mohammad 35 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Sadeghi Mohammad-reza 24 M H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin F.s Sadeghi Mohammad-reza 38 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Sanandaj F.s Sadeghi Mostafa M Oct. 88 Evin F.s Sadeghi Vahid 32 M B.s. Oct. 88 Evin F.s Sadeghi Rasha M Aug Sadeghi Ali 27 M Shahrood Nov. 29, 88 Evin Hang Sadeghi Sadeghi Kaymarz 25 M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Sadeghi Nahid F Univ.s Isfahan F.s Sadeghi(sarami) Firooz 60 M Tabriz Ph.d. Jan. 89 Tabriz Hang Sadeghi-ala-mooti Ali 30 M Alamoot Aug.1988 Tehran Hang Sadeghi-amiri Abbas 27 M Amirkolah-babol H.s.dip Babol F.s Sadeghi-tearabadi Haydar 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Sadeghian Ahmad M Hamedan Aug. 14, 88 Hamedan F.s Sadeghian Zohreh F Aug Sadeghian Fatemeh F Aug Sadghi 1988 Hang Sadghi Farideh F Sep. 88 Evin Hang Sadghi Mosa-alreza 27 M Yazed H.s.s. Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Sadidian Mehdi 27 M Sabzvar H.s.s. Sep. 88 Mashad F.s Sadr Dehghani Yadollah 23 M Lahijan H.s.s. Aug. 16, 88 Rasht F.s Saeedi Asghar 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Saeedi Amir M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 224

225 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2517 Saeedi Tajmah F H.s.dip Ex Saeedi Hossein M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Saeedi Seyyed Ahmad M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Saeedi Abdollah 29 M Univ.s. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Saeedi Alireza 24 M Mashad H.s.s. Aug. 88 Mashad F.s Saeedi Sep. 8, 88 Vakilabad Ex Saeedi 26 Kohkilouyeh H.s.s. Nov. 88 Adelabad F.s Saeedi Nejad Ghomi Vahid 30 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 22, 88 Evin Hang Saeedi Sharif-abadi Ali 19 M Mashad S. Sep Vakilabad F.s Saeedi Sharif-abadi Mohammad Reza 23 M Mashad Univ.s. Sep. 88 Mashad Hang Saeedian Mehdi 29 M Mazandaran Univ.s. Sep. 28, 88 Evin Hang Safa Mohammad Sadegh M Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Safai Amir M Tehran 1988 Evin F.s Safai Hossein 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Safai Hamid 30 M Semnan H.s.dip Tehran F.s Safai Mohammad M 1988 Tehran F.s Safai Mahboubeh 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Oct Evin F.s Safaian Abdolhamid 27 M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang Safari Ali-assgar M Istahbanat S. Aug. 88 Tehran Ex Safari Oct. 88 Istahbanat F.s Safari Ahmad 30 M Garmsar P.dip. Oct. 88 Garmsar F.s Safari Hossein 29 M Lahijan Univ.s. Jul Lahijan F.s Safari Hamid M Jul Evin Hang Safari Seyyed Karim 26 M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Safari Mohammad M 1988 Ex Safari Jalali Farhad 24 M Lahijan S. Jan. 89 Rasht Ex Safarmanish 28 Abadan 1988 Ahwaz F.s Safatian Hossien M Sep. 88 Ramsar F.s Safavi Amir 27 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Safavi Hamid 24 M Kashan S. Nov Gohardasht Hang Safavi Seyyed Karim 25 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Safavi Univ.s F.s Safavi Bayeghi Abolfazl 32 M Mashad H.s.s. Oct. 23, 88 Mashad Hang. 225

226 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2550 Safavi Mobarhan Seyyed Jafar 27 M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Safdari Ghouchan S Mashad Hang Safdari Hassan 30 M Ghouchan P.dip. Oct. 88 Mashad Hang Safdari Abass(ebrahim) 26 M Ghouchan H.s.s. Oct. 88 Mashad Hang Safighi Mohsen M Sabzevar S Mashad Hang Saghari Khodaparast Maryam 31 F Univ.s. Nov. 88 Tehran Hang Saghlini Alireza M Sep. 88 Brojerd F.s Saghlini Gholam 27 M Boroojerd H.s.dip Khorram Abad Ex Sagvand Parviz 25 M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Aug. 5, 88 Dezful F.s Sagvand Javad 23 M Lorestan S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Sagvand Fereidoun 22 M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Aug. 5, 88 Dezful F.s Sagvand Ghal-eh Noor 1988 Dezful Ex Sagvand Ghal-eh Noor 1988 Dezful Ex Sahabi Hesamodin 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Oct. 88 Gohardasht F.s Sahami 27 Gilaneh Gharb Feb. 89 Gohardasht Hang Sahm Mohammad Heydar 22 M Tehran 1988 Tehran F.s Sahragard Ebrahim 25 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug. 7, 88 Isfahan F.s Sajadian Ismaeel M 1988 F.s Sakha ii Assadollah 36 M Khonj Larestan B.s. Dec Adelabad F.s Sakha ii Mohammad Ismaeel 23 M Khonj Larestan H.s.s. Dec Adelabad F.s Sakha ii Farah F Sep. 88 Evin F.s Sakha ii Mansour 22 M Khonj Larestan H.s.s. Dec Shiraz F.s Sakini Hossein 43 M Ph.d. Dec. 88 Evin F.s Salahshour Davoud 26 M Tehran H.s.dip Tehran Ex Salahshour Feizollah 23 M Hashtpar Tavalesh H.s.dip Rasht F.s Salajegheh Bahram 27 M Baft Kerman Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Salari Reza M 1988 Birjand Ex Salari Alireza 20 M Sep. 88 Ahvaz F.s Salari Haji Abadi Alireza(hamzeh) 35 M H.s.fip Tehran Ex Salavati Homayoun 29 M Isfahan Univ.s. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang. Dehkordi Haghani 2580 Saleh Jamal 29 M Isfahan Univ.s Isfahan F.s Saleh-ebrahimi Mehran M 1988 Masjed Suleiman F.s. 226

227 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2582 Saleh-ebrahimi Yaghob M 1988 Masjed Suleiman Ex Salehi Ali-assgar 26 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Rasht F.s Salehi Nov. 88 Evin F.s Salehi Ahmad 25 M Shahrood H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Salehi Babak 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Salehi Sousan 26 M S. Oct Evin Hang Salehi Ali 30 M Shahreza H.s.dip. Aug. 1, 88 Q ameshaher Hang Salehi Ali 27 M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Q ameshaher Hang Salehi Ali-akbar 34 M Tehran H.s.dip Ahwaz F.s Salehi Gholam-hossien 25 M Ravang-qom H.s.s Evin Hang Salehi Majid 23 M Lahijan Aug. 88 Lahijan F.s Salehi Mahmood 30 M Lahijan H.s.s. Dec. 22, 88 Rasht Hang Salehi Mehdi 24 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Qa emshahr F.s Salehi Nassir M Aug. 88 Qa emshahr Hang Salehi(haji) Ali-assgar 27 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Rasht F.s Salehi-hkoh Ahmad 18 M Tehran Sep. 88 Evin F.s Salehi-oroski Ali 17 M Masjed Suleiman S. Aug. 88 Masjed Suleiman F.s Salehi-rod Abdol-hossien 30 M Tehran Aug. 88 Qa emshahr Hang Salehi-zadeh Seyvash 27 M Ahwaz H.s.s. Jan.89 Ahwaz F.s Salehi-zadeh Seyvash 28 M Abadan H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Ahwaz F.s Salehpoor Faramarez 29 M Najafabad H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Salehpoor-yavar-sade Jahanbakhesh 27 M Masjed Suleiman H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Masjed Suleiman F.s Salemi Saeid 24 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 2605 Salemi Moa dab Javad M Univ.s. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang 2606 Salimi Aug. 88 Evin F.s Salimi Nader 24 M Salmas Sep. 88 Evin F.s Salimi Parviz 33 M Mahalat M.s. Sep. 26, 88 Evin V 2609 Saljoughi Rasoul 29 M Naghadeh H.s.dip. Aug Orumieh F.s Salmanzadeh Hakimeh 25 F Kerman H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Samadi Ali M Jan. 89 F.s Samadzadeh Mehran 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Sep. 88 Gohardasht Hang Samandari Ali 24 M Aug. 88 Evin F.s Samandari Seyyed Mahmoud 27 M Nazi Abad H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang. 227

228 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2615 Samani Sep. 88 Adelabad F.s Samani Hamid 33 M Nobandegan- Fassa P.dip. Nov. 1, 88 Adelabad F.s Samani Khoftani Shahin 23 F Ghazian-anzali H.s.s. Nov. 1, 88 Rasht F.s Samimi Mansour 28 M Sonqor H.s.dip. Sep. 89 Gohardasht F.s Samizadeh Lahiji Mohammad 31 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Lahijan F.s Sanabakhsh Isma el (Iraj) 34 M Tehran P. Dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Sanabakhsh Abbas 27 M Tehran Univ.s 1988 Tehran Ex Sanai Tehran 1988 Tehran Ex Sanai Hossein M Fassa Nov. 1, 88 Adelabad F.s Sanatfar Kazem 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Sanayeh Hossein M Nov. 1, 88 Adelabad Ex Sanchouli Jahangir 25 M Q aemshahr H.s.s Qa emshahr F.s Sani Sharghi Javad M Sep. 88 Shiraz F.s Sanjabi Behzad M 1988 Tehran F.s Sar Kardeh Hojat 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Jul Gohardasht Hang Sar Reshteh Ali 30 M Rasht H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Rasht Ex Sarabi Mehrdad M Tehran Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Saradar Mohammadreza 28 M Astara H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Tehran Hang Saraf-shams Jahanbakhesh 25 M Alvar-garmsiri H.s.s. Jul. 31, 88 Khoramabad F.s Sarafi Abbas 23 M Sep. 88 F.s Sarahati Abbass 30 M Shirz B.s Sarahati Fazaneh 21 F Shirz H.s.dip Adelabad F.s Sarai Reza 23 M Mashad H.s.s. Aug. 6, 88 Vakilabad Hang Saraian Abbas 24 M Shiraz H.s.s Adelabad 2639 Sarami Hossien 25 M Qa emshahr 1988 Qa meshahr F.s Sarati Afsaneh 29 F Shirz S. Nov. 89 Shiraz F.s Sarati-shirazi Maryam 25 F H.s.dip Shiraz Hang Sarchenari Mousa 22 M Do Gonbadan H.s.dip. Mar. 89 Do Gonbadan F.s Saririan Mehdi 27 M H.s.s Mashad F.s Sathi Abass M Oct. 88 F.s Sattari Parviz 25 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Sattari Mohammad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Sattarian Amir M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 228

229 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2648 Sattarnejad Hamidreza 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2649 Sattarnejad Seyyed Assadollah 23 M Shahreh Rey H.s.s. Aug.88 Gohardasht Hang Savabi Hessamoldin 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 12, 88 Gohardasht Hang Savabi 1988 F.s Savareh Ali M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Sayad Pour Reza 22 M Khoram Abad S. Oct.88 Khoram Abad F.s Sayadi Aug. 6, 88 Isfahan F.s Sayadi Ebrahim M Univ.s. Oct.88 Rasht F.s Sayadi(jahromi) Javad M Jahrom S Isfahan Ex Sayah Harati Mohsen M Mashad S. Aug.88 Mashad Hang Sayahi Habib M Ahvaz Aug.88 Ahvaz F.s Sayahi Seyyed Fakher 30 M Khoramshahr H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan Ex Sayar Doust Rahim 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug Gohardasht Hang Sayari Arani Ja far 26 M Aran Kashan H.s.s. Aug. 2, 88 Kashan F.s Sedaghat Zari F Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Sedaghat Saeid 25 M Lahiljan H.s.s Rasht Hahg Sedaghat Mostafa 28 M Golpaygan P.dip Shiraz F.s Sedaghat-rashti Mohammad-taghi 27 M Rasht H.s.dip. Nov. 2, 88 Evin F.s Sedaghat-rashti Mohammad-reza M Nov. 2, 88 Evin F.s See Sakhti Abdolrasoul 27 M Yasouj H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2668 Sefat Bagha Rahim 34 M Malayer H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Sehat Ardalan 27 M Ardbil Univ.s Ardbil F.s Sehat Ardavan 28 M Maragheh Univ.s. Aug. 11, 88 Ardbil Ex Seifi Bahram M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Seifi Sanjabi Shahriar 26 M Daranjan H.s.s. Mar. 89 Kermanshah Ex Semsarzadeh Ja far 27 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Senjedian Ismaeel 28 M Bandar Anzali H.s.dip. Dec. 88 Rasht F.s Sepassi Alireza 25 M Rasht Univ.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Seyyed Ahmadi Seyyed Mohsen 30 M Tehran H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Karaj Hang. Ghosh-chi 2677 Seyyed Ahmadi Seyyed Mohammad 28 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 3, 88 Tehran Hang. Ghosh-chi 2678 Seyyed Sobhani Hossein 25 M Saveh S. Jul Gohardasht Hang. 229

230 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2679 Seyyedi Asghar 28 M H.s.s. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Seyyedi Mohsen M Mashad 1988 Evin Ex Seyyedi Sia Astalkhi Zahra(simim) 24 M H.s.s. Nov. 11, 88 Rasht Ex Seyyedian Seyyed Ahmad 25 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Sfar Nejad Habib M Jouibar Univ.s Tehran Tor Shabani 1988 Ex Shabani 1988 Ex Shabani Lahijan Sep.88 Evin F.s Shabani Ebrahim 29 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Shabani Abdoljabar 23 M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Tehran F.s Shabani Ali 24 M Lagrood H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Lagrood Hang Shabanzadeh Azame F Sep. 88 Roodsar F.s Shabanzadeh Akram 23 F Roodsar H.s.dip Rasht F.s Shabanzadeh Abdolali 19 M S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Shabdez Ahmad M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Shabdez Mohammad 24 M S. Aug. 88 Ghohar-dasht Hang Shabhehi Hamid 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug.88 Evin Hang Shabibi Jabar 33 M Mehran H.s.dip. Aug.88 Ilam 2697 Shabzendehdar Zahra 25 F Kashan Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin Ex Shadian Abdolrassoul 22 M Behbahan S. Nov. 88 Behbahan F.s Shadlou Ali Asghar M Ph.d Evin Poiso Shadman Gholam 29 M Rasht H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang 2701 Shadmani Hassan M Mashad 1988 Gohardasht F.s Shaeri Hamidreza 23 M Mahmoudabad H.s.dip. Feb. 89 Amol F.s Shaeri Nasser 23 M Mahmoudabad H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Amol Ex Shafiati Mohsen 27 M Sabzhvar H.s.dip Sabzevar Hang Shafiee Makabez M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Shafiee Nader 28 M Sarvistan S Adelabad Hang Shafighi Esmail M 1988 Adelabad F.s Shafighi Mohsen 27 M Sabzhvar H.s.s. Sep. 8, 88 Vakilabad Hang Shafighi Manochiar M Sabzhvar S. Sep. 8, 88 Vakilabad Hang Shafipoor Ali M 1988 F.s Shah Bakhshi Shahram 27 M Tehran Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 230

231 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2712 Shah Fazl Ghamsarian Ja far 21 M Mashad S Mashad Hang 2713 Shah Hosseini Jamshid M Aug Gohardasht Ex Shah Hosseini Majid M Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Shah Karami Hojatollah 25 M Khoram Abad Univ.s. Aug. 1, 88 Khoram Abab Tor Shah Karami Ali 30 M Khoram Abad P.dip. Sep. 88 Khoram Abad Hang Shahani Gholamali 30 M Babol Univ.s. Aug. 88 Babol F.s Shahbaz-zadeh Hadi M Oct. 88 Roodsar F.s Shahbazi Hossein 30 M Tabriz Univ.s. Aug. 9, 88 Tabriz Hang Shahbazi Ravanbakhsh 26 M Khalkahl H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Shahbazi Shahbaz 63 F Roudsar B.s. Aug. 88 Rasht Hang Shahbazi Ali 27 M Roudsar H.s. Dip. Oct. 88 Roudsar F.s Shahi Davood 22 M Semnan H.s.s. Nov. 3, 88 Semnan Hang Shahi-moghini Behroz 24 M Tehran S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Shahidi Nov. 88 Evin Ex Shahir-eftikhar Mohammad-reza 28 M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Shahkarami Mohammad-taghi 25 M Khoramabad H.s.s. Oct. 2, 88 Khoramabad Tor Shahkarimi Mohammad 23 M Khozastan H.s.dip. Mar. 9, 89 Evin F.s Shahmerzii Ahmad 29 M Tabriz Univ.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Shahmoradi Ata-ollah M Abadeh-shiraz Sep. 88 Adelabad F.s Shahpar-tosi Hamid-reza 21 M Mashad H.s.dip Mashad Hang Shahpari (Shaher) Soodabeh 34 F Tehran B.s. Sep. 88 Evin Hang Shahraji Zahra 26 F Roodsar H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Roodsar F.s Shahraki Ali 32 M Al-moot-ghazvin H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Qazvin F.s Shahraki Mohammad 31 M Al-moot-ghazvin Univ.s. Aug. 88 Qazvin F.s Shahrebani Reza 29 M Bandar-anzali H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Rasht F.s Shahrzad Ali M 1988 Orumeh Ex Shahvali Mansoor 26 M Khoramshaher H.s.dip Shiraz F.s Shahvali Nassir M Univ.s Bushehr F.s Shahvardi Saeid(mohsen) 25 M Nov. 88 Arak F.s Shahverdi Esma il M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Ex Shahverdi Mohsen 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Shakeri Akbar 32 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang 2744 Shakeri Bahman 28 M Naghadeh H.s.s. Aug. 11, 88 Orumieh F.s. 231

232 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2745 Shakeri Davoud 30 M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Shakoori Ali 26 M Makoo Univ.s Tabriz Ex Shakoori Ghasem M Rasht Aug. 88 Evin Hang Shalavand Hamzeh(saeid) 33 M Andimeshk H.s.s. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Shams F Nov. 88 Borojard F.s Shams Jahanbakhesh M Hosseineh-loristan 1988 Kermanshah Ex Shams Sohaila 25 F S. Aug. 88 Evin Ex Shamsabadi Majid 30 M Tehran Univ.s. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Shangolnia Ghafoor 33 M Lahijan H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Lahijan F.s Sharafdean Bahram 25 M Haftgel H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Ahwaz F.s Sharhani Majid 35 M Tosirkan Oct. 2, 88 Touyserkan F.s Shariat Jamshid 30 M B.s. Nov. 88 Gohardasht F.s Shariati Sima 25 F Dec. 22, 88 Tehran F.s Shariati Gholamreza M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Shariati Mohammad-reza 26 M Langrood H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Langrood F.s Sharif Ahmad M Sep. 88 Gachsaran F.s Sharif Rohollah M Ghaemshahr B.s Tehran F.s Sharif-abadi Mohammad-saeid M Oct. 88 Kazeron F.s Sharif-tabarestani Hassan 20 M Babol H.s.s. Sep. 88 Babol F.s Sharif-tabarestani Ali 32 M Babol P.dip. Sep. 88 Babol Hang Sharif-tabarestani Mohammad 20 M Babol H.s.s. Aug. 88 Sari F.s Sharifi Parviz 29 M Khoramabad Univ.s. Aug. 7, 88 Evin Hang Sharifi Hossien 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Jul Gohardasht Hang Sharifi Hamid 28 M Karmanshah H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Sharifi Zahra 25 F Hamedan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Hamedan Hang Sharifi Ali 27 M Tabriz Univ.s. Aug Tabriz Ex Sharifi Ali-hossien 28 M Harseen H.s.s Gohardasht Ex Sharifi Farhad M Sep. 88 Tehran Ex Sharifi Oct Amol Ex Sharifi (Dashtaki) Changiz (Sadegh) 25 M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Aug Dezful F.s Shayan Abdolrassol M 1988 Ex Shayanfar Homayoon(ali) 25 M Mashad Univ.s. Oct. 88 Mashad Hang Shaybani Behnam M Shiraz Oct. 88 Adelabad F.s. 232

233 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2778 Shaybani Saham M Shiraz Oct. 88 Adelabad F.s Sheikh-al-islam Ahmad 28 M Babol H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Babol Hang Shekh Mohammadi Alireza M Aug Gohardasht Hang Shekh-reza ii Hossein 27 M Kashan H.s.dip. Aug. 2, 88 Isfahan F.s Shekhan Mohsen 28 M Tehran Uinv.s. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Shekhi Hossein 22 M Andimeshk H.s.s Dezful F.s Shekhi Ali 25 M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Aug. 5, 88 Dezful F.s Shekhian Parviz M Yazd Aug. 88 Gohardasht Ex Shekhian Saleh M Yazd H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Shekoteh Shaban 47 M Lahijan Aug. 88 Lahijan Ex Shemshad Jafar M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Sherafati Parviz M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Adelabad F.s Sherenbkheshian Reza M Bandar-anzali Nov. 88 Gohardasht F.s Sherkh-bake Mohammad 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Shir-mohammadi Afsaneh 31 F Tehran B.s. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Shir-mohammadi Ghorban-ali 34 M Abhar P.dip. Aug. 88 Zanjan F.s Shirani Shahpoor 22 M Andimeshk H.s.dip. Aug. 5, 88 Dezful F.s Shirani Ayatollah 28 M Havsheh-jan H.s.s. Mar. 89 Isfahan Tor Shirani Mansoor 24 M Havsheh-jan S. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Shirani Mansooreh M 1988 Isfahan F.s Shirazi Ebrahim M Oroomeh 1988 Orumieh F.s Shirazi Taebeh 23 F Langrood H.s.s. Aug. 88 Lahijan F.s Shirazi Gholam M 1988 Tehran F.s Shiri Mohsen 28 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Shirinbakhsh Abkenari Ardeshir 23 M Bandar-anzali S. Jul Gohardasht Hang Shirzad Ali 26 M Orumieh S. Nov. 88 Orumieh F.s Shirzadi Ebrahim M Orumieh H.s.dip Orumieh F.s Shohada ii Seyyed-ghasem 26 M Babol H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Sari F.s Shoja ii Hassan M S Adelabad F.s Shoja ii Haydar M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Shoja ii Ghorban (Kourosh) 21 M Shahrkord H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Shoja ii Lorasib M Darab 1988 Darab Ex Shoja ii Morad 19 M Shahrkord H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s. 233

234 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2811 Shoja ii Massoud M Darab 1988 Darab Ex Shoja ii Nasren 19 F H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Shoja ii 1988 Masjid-soliman F.s Shokofeh-merza Matin 27 F Hashtpareh Aug. 88 Evin Hang Shokohi Seyavsh 31 M Karaj H.s.dip Gohardasht F.s Shokri 60 Aug. 88 Q aemshahr F.s Shokri Oct. 88 Evin Ex Shokri Oct. 88 Evin Ex Shokri Oct. 88 Evin Ex Shokri 27 H.s.s. Oct. 88 Qa emshahr F.s Shokri Jafar M Nov. 88 Vakilabad Hang Shokri Farah F Hamedan Aug. 88 Evin Ex Shokrollhi-yan Hassan 27 M Tehran H,S,Dip. Aug Evin F.s. Cheshmeh 2824 Sia Mansouri Mohammad 41 M Takhte Soleiman Ph.d. Feb. 8, 89 Sorkh Hessar Hang Siavoshi Akbar M Aug. 6, 88 Nahavand F.s Sifan Babai Ghassem 35 M Tehran B.s. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Sina Afsaneh F Feb. 89 Evin F.s Sinaki Hossein 43 M Ph.d Evin F.s Siran Barat Ali 23 M Mashad H.s.s Mashad Hang Siran Hessari Ahmad 27 M Mashad H.s.dip Mashad Hang Siran Hessari Kaveh 27 M H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Mashad F.s Sobhani Maryam 24 F Shiraz P.dip Adelabad F.s Sobhani Hossien M H.s.s. Aug. 88 Qa emshahr Hang Sobhi Nassir M Oroomeh Aug. 88 F.s Soheili Mohammad 25 M Sabzevar S. Sep. 88 Vakilabad Hang Sohrabi Parviz M B.s Evin Ex Sojudi Zohreh 50 F Rasht H.s.dip. Dec Rasht Hang Sokouti Ma boud(aref) 29 M Hashtpar Tavalesh H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Gohardasht Hang Soleimani Azar 24 M Kermanshah H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht F.s Soleimani Hassan M Tehran Univ.s. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Soleimani Khodadad M 1988 Ex Soleimani Saeid 20 M Naziabad H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s. 234

235 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2843 Soleimani Saeid M Tehran 1988 Tehran Ex Soleimani Kioumars 22 M Dareh Shahr Ilam 1998 Ilam Ex Soleimani Yaghoub 26 M Dargaz S. Sep. 88 Mashad Hang Soleimani Alireza 23 M Semnan H.s.s. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Soleimani Fard Reza 34 M Qom Univ.s. Jul. 27, 88 Gohardasht Hang Soleimani Fard Shahrokh M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Soleimani Ruzbehani 1988 F.s Soltani Ali Agha 31 M Sanghar P.dip. Nov. 16, 88 Gohardasht Hang Soltani Farshid 26 M Rezvanshahr H.s.dip Rasht Ex Soltani Farhad 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Gohardasht F.s Soltani Mehdi 30 M Najaf Abad P.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Soltanzadeh Hamid M Rudsar Unuv.s Evin Hang Sorbi Mojgan 27 F Hamedan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Sorouri Majid 30 M Behbehan H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Behbehan F.s Sotudeh Akbar 36 M Fassa H.s.dip. Nov. 1, 88 Adelabad F.s Sotudeh Habib M Aug. 88 Adelabad F.s Sotudeh Aghil M Aug. 88 Adelabad F.s Soufi Faramarz M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Soufi Abadi Mohammad Reza 28 M Bam H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Soumi Youssef 26 M Rasht H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Rasht F.s Ta ati Asil Massoud 23 M Ahvaz H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Ta avoni Ranji Amir 38 M B.s. Jul. 28, 88 Tehran F.s Tab Ali 35 M Qazvin S Aug. 88 Qazvin Hang Tabani Hossein (Bahram) 29 M Feb. 89 Evin F.s Tabani (Babaei) Behnam (Mostafa) 24 M Tehran H.s.dip. Jul. 31, 88 Gohardasht Hang Tabarsi Shahrokh 26 M Rasht H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Rasht F.s Tabatabai Ahmad M Shahreza Oct. 88 Evin F.s Tabatabai Seyyed Mehdi 23 M Behbahan H.s.dip Behbahan F.s Tabatabi Majid M Shahreza Oct. 88 Evin Ex Tabatabi Morteza 24 M Kashan H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s Tabesh Hassan 26 M Lahijan S Aug. 88 Rashat Hang Tabib Azadeh 23 F Tehran H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin Hang 2875 Tabibinejad 55 Ph.d. Jan. 89 Tabriz Hang. 235

236 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2876 Tabrizi Ali M Tabriz Aug. 88 Tehran Ex Taday oun Adllollah M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Taeian Shahreza S Isfahan F.s Taeian Shahreza 1988 Isfahan F.s Tafagghodi Ali 25 M Mashad S Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Tafreshi Mohammad Hossein M Kashan B.s. Jan. 89 Evin Hang Tagh Dareh Azam 31 F Univ.s. Aug. 23, 88 Evin Hang Taghavi Abbas M Sep. 88 Tabriz F.s Taghavi Mousa 25 M Gachsaran H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Adel Abad Ex Taghavi Mousa 25 M Gachsaran H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Adel Abad F.s Taghi Zadeh Ibrahim 25 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tabriz Ex Taghinizhad Sivoush 27 M Lahijan Aug. 88 Evin Hang Taghizadeh Parviz 24 M Rasht S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Taghizadeh Mojtaba M Tehran Aug. 88 Evin Hang Taheri Seyyed Faraj 37 M Isfahan P.dip. Aug. 88 Isfahan F.s Taheri Ali 22 M S. Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Taheri Ali 30 M Zanjan 1988 Tehran F.s Taheri Ali 28 M P,Dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Taheri Mohammad M Oct.88 F.s Taheri Mansour 32 M Varamin H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Taheri Kadkhodah Javad 26 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Taherian Hamidreza 24 M Tehran S. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang Taherizadeh Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Tahmassebi Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Tahmassebi Ramin 28 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Hang Tahmassian Ramin 25 M Kerman H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Tahouri Leyla (Maryam) 18 F Tehran S Aug. 88 Tehran Hang Tahseeli Hamid 32 M Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Tahseeli Fatemeh (Nahid) 26 F Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 5, 88 Evin Hang Taj Akbari Manizheh 29 F Tehran Univ. S. Feb. 89 Evin F.s Taj Miri 1988 Masjid Soleiman F.s Tajadoud Jafar 24 M Tehran S Aug. 9, 88 Gohardasht Hang Tajgardoon Mahmoud 23 M Neyshabour Univ. S. Aug. 88 Kerman F.s. 236

237 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2909 Tajik (Hashemkhani) Morteza (Mojtab) 26 M Varamin Univ. S. Aug. 13, 88 Gohardasht Hang Talachi Ahmad M Aug.88 Evin F.s Talai Dec. 23, 88 Evin F.s Talaian Oct. 88 Mashad Hang 2913 Taleb Bidakhti Abolfazl 21 M Semnan H.s.s. Oct. 88 Vakil Abad Hang 2914 Talebi Ebrahim 21 M S Rasht Ex Talebi Bahram M 1988 F.s Talebi Hassan M Feb. 14, 89 Marand F.s Talebi Adel 32 M P.dip. Oct. 88 Evin Hang Talebi Mohammad 22 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Tehran Hang Talebi Mohammad 20 M Tehran S Evin Ex Talebi Hadi 25 M H.s.dip Rasht F.s Talebian Morteza 25 M Kashan H.s.dip. Aug. 2, 88 Isfahan F.s Taleghani Hamid M Oct. 88 Evin F.s Taleghani Majid 25 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 5, 88 Evin Hang Talesh Sharifi Davoud 30 M Ramsar H.s.dip Ramsar F.s Taleshi Bijan 23 M Talesh H.s.dip Rasht F.s Tamaddonfar Kazem 26 M Reza eih Dec. 4, 88 Reza eih Ex Tamadonnahad Mohammad Bager 33 M Rasht H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Tamassebi Asgar 29 M Khoi H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Tamizkar Ali 29 M Tabriz 1988 Tabriz Ex Tammadoni Far Davood 31 M Ardebil P. Dip Tehran Hang Tarafi 23 Susangerd S Ahvaz F.s Tarahani Nia Hossein 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Tarani Massoud 24 M Karaj Univ. S. Aug. 4, 88 Gohardasht Hang Tarani Saeid 25 M Karaj H.s.dip. Feb.89 Tehran F.s Taravat Hossein 28 M Rasht Univ.s. Aug.88 Rasht Hang Tari Massoud M Aug.88 Gohardasht Hang Tarian Ibrahim 24 M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Evin F.s Tarighat Zahra F Oct. 88 F.s Tarighat Mohammad 30 M Tabriz H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Tabriz F.s Tarighol Islam Mohsen M Aug. 88 Evin Hang Tarkhorani Hassan 29 M Karaj H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang. 237

238 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2942 Tarshizi Reza 32 M Tehran B.s. Jan. 89 Evin F.s Tarz Ali Bahram 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug.88 Gohardasht Hang Tasgari Sirous M H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Masjid Soleiman F.s Tasharrofi Ahmad M Semnan Univ. S Sari F.s Tasharrofi Hassan M B.s. Nov. 88 Semnan F.s Tasharrofi Mohammad 27 M Semnan H.s.dip Semnan F.s Tavakkouli Hamid M 1988 Mashad Ex Tavakkouli Rajab 25 M Qa emshahr H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Qa emshahr F.s Tavakkouli Shahpour 25 M Bandar Mahshahr H.s.dip. Dec. 89 Evin F.s Tavakkouli Mohammad 25 M B.s. Aus. 88 Evin Hang Tavakkouli Nasrollah M Oct. 88 Shiraz F.s Tavakkouli (Mostamand) Maryam F Nov. 88 Karaj F.s Tavana Assadollah M S 1988 Adel Abad F.s Tavana Abbas M Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Tavanaeanfar Maryam 33 F Tehran Univ. S. Aug. 22, 88 Evin F.s Tavassouli Morad 26 M Tehran S 1988 Tehran Hang Tavassoulian Mohammad-reza 25 M Tehran S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Tavkkoul Ibrahim 30 M Khoram Abad H.s.dip. Jul. 30, 88 Khorram Abad F.s Tavoussi Faranak 23 F Kermanshah H.s.s. Oct. 88 Rasht F.s Tayareh Hossein(mehdi) 24 M H.s.dip. Nov. 88 Isfahan F.s Tayareh Rahmatollah 25 M Boroujen H.s.dip. Aug. 4, 88 Isfahan F.s Tayari Ghassem 30 M H.s.dip Tehran Hang Tayari Ashtiani Hassan 28 M Ashtian S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Tayari Ashtiani Mohammad 30 M Ashtian S Aug. 88 Evin Hang Tayebi Assadollah 37 M Univ.s. Aug. 6, 88 Gohardasht Hang Tehran Ka abi Jaber 28 M Abadan H.s.dip Ahvaz F.s Tehrani Mohammad 25 M Shahrood H.s.dip. Sep. 88 Shahrood F.s Tehrantash Homa F Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Teymouri Majid 29 M Tehran H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Teymourian Seyyed Qassem 22 M Vard Avard H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Ex Thameni Ali 27 M Songor Kolyaee 1988 Kermanshah Ex Thameni Ali M 1988 Gohardasht Ex Tiori Saeid 26 M Hamedan Univ.s. Oct.88 Evin Hang. 238

239 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 2975 Tiri Mohsen M 1988 Tehran Ex Tolou(toloui) Mehdi 30 M Mashad H.s.dip. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Tolousefat Massoud 28 M S. Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang 2978 Tom Jafar 31 M Qasr-e Shirin H.s.dip. Oct. 88 Kemanshah F.s Torabi Ahmad 29 M Arak Univ. S. Aug. 88 Tabriz F.s Torabi Isma il M Sep. 88 Orumieh Ex Torabi Habib 30 M Shahrood H.s.dip. Jan. 89 Tehran F.s Torabi Reza 24 M Isfahan S 1988 Isfahan F.s Torabi Abdolvahab 32 M Shahrood B.s. Jan. 89 Shahrood F.s Torabi Navid Mohammad Javad 30 M Hamedan H.s.dip. Dec. 11, 88 Hamedan F.s Torabzadeh Mohsen M 1988 F.s Toubri 1988 Evin Ex Touhidi Parviz M 1988 Adel Abad Ex Touliat Massoud M Qa en S 1988 Birjand Ex Toutounchi Khalil 29 M Zanjan Univ. S Zanjan F.s Toutounchi Masoumeh F Oct. 20, 88 Hamedan Hang Toutounchian Mohammad Ali 36 M Hamedan Univ. S. Aug. 11, 88 Evin Hang Turkaman Nezhad Bijan 31 M Rasht H.s.s. Aug. 3, 88 Gohardasht Hang. Tabrizi 3123 Zolfaghari Manocher 25 M Masjed Suleiman H.s.s. Aug. 88 Masjid Soleiman F.s Zolfi Ahmad 27 M Masdad H.s.dip Vakilabad Hang 3125 Zomorodnia Iraj M Sep. 88 F.s M Nov. 88 Qa emshahr F.s Ali-akbar 29 M Gorgan P.dip Oct. 25, 88 Gorgan F.s Tehran Hang 3129 M Jan. 89 Genaveh F.s Aboalghasem 27 M Arak H.s.s 1988 Arak F.s Ahmad M Dec.88 Evin F.s Asad M Boshehre H.s. Dip Bushehr F.s Amir 23 M S. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Ayoub 25 M Bonab S Evin F.s Badri F Aug. 88 Salmas F.s Bahman 27 M S. Sep. 88 Karaj F.s. 239

240 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 3137 Behnam 27 M S. Mar. 89 Evin F.s Behnam M H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Parviz M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Hang Parvin M Nov. 88 Khoram-abad F.s Touraj 25 M Kerend 1988 Ilam Hang Hassan M Univ.s Sep. 88 Rasht F.s Hassan M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Hossein 39 M H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Hossein 32 M Sarab Univ. S. Mar. 88 Tehran F.s Hamid 21 M Andimeshk H.s.s F.s Hourieh F Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Rashid M Rasht Reza M Masjed Soleyman Sep. 88 Karaj F.s Reza M H.s. Dip. Sep. 88 Tehran 3151 Roghieh 22 F S. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Zahra 20 F Langarood Sep. 88 Rasht F.s Saeid M 3154 Soheila F Isfahan Aug. 88 Evin Ex Siavosh M Sep. 88 Karaj F.s Siavosh M 1988 Bandar Mahshahr F.s Sayed Karim 25 M S. Aug. 88 Evin F.s Siroos M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Shahin F Shiraz H.s.s Evin F.s Kochesfahan H.s.s Exe Shirin F Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Abdolrazagh 31 M Khonj-larestan H.s.s Adel Abad Exe Azizo Llah 32 M Sari H.s.s Gohardasht F.s Ali 30 M Tehran 1988 Tehran F.s Ali M Mashad Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Farah 29 F Tehran Univ.s Evin Exe Farangis 24 M Illam H.s.s. Aug. 88 Ilam F.s Forogh 27 F 1988 Evin Exe Farid 25 M H.s. Dip. 88 Rasht F.s. 240

241 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 3170 Farid M Dec. 88 Shiraz F.s Farid 32 M Tehran 1988 Evin F.s Fraydon M B.s. Sep. 88 Mashad F.s Fraydon 19 M S. Dec. 88 Dezful F.s Ghodrat M Aug. 88 Gohardasht Exe Ghodsi F Isfahan Aug. 88 Evin Exe Ghorban 25 M Malayer H.s. Dip Evin Exe Kobra F 1988 F.s Majid M B.s. Dec. 88 Evin F.s Majid 28 M H.s.s. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Majid M Tehran Sep. 88 Tehran Exe Mohssen M Oct. 88 Tehran F.s Mohammad M Nov. 88 Tabriz F.s Mohammad 33 M H.s.s. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Mohammad Reza 29 M Nov. 88 Karaj F.s Mohammad Reza 25 M Khoram Abad H.s.s. Nov. 88 Khoram Abad F.s Mahmoud 18 M Babol H.s. Dip Zahedan Hang Mahoud 30 M Tech. Aug. 88 Evin Hang Morteza M Sep. 88 Mashad Hang Marzieh F Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Moslem 28 M Aug. 88 Ilam Hang Mostafa 29 M Malayer Clergy 1988 Arak Exe Mansour 26 M H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Mehdi 18 M Tehran H.s.s. Aug. 88 F.s Mehran 23 M Tehran H.s.s. Nov. 88 Evin F.s Mehran 20 M Tehran H.s.s. Sep. 88 Tehran F.s Mehrdad M Dec. 88 Ahwaz Exp Mehrdad M Nov. 88 Evin F.s Mehrdad 26 M H.s. Dip. Aug. 88 Hang Mehri 26 F H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Mahyar F Aug. 88 Exe Nader M Univ. S Shiraz Exe Naser M Univ. S. Sep. 88 Karaj Exe. 241

242 Crime Against Humanity R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method 3203 Nasrin 18 F Aug. 88 Karaj Hang Vali M 1988 Exe Hadi M Nov. 88 Tehran F.s Hadi 25 M S. Aug. 88 Mashad Hang Hadi 28 M Abenar Anzali H.s. Dip 1988 Rasht F.s Hoshang 47 M H.s. Dip. Nov. 88 Tehran F.s. 242

243 A List of Victims R Surname Name Age Sex POB Edu. Date Place Method Images of Innocence Images of Innocence Photographs of some of the victims of the 1988 massacre 243

244 Images of Innocence Photographs of some of the victims of the 1988 massacre Ebrahim Sahragad in prison garb Mohammad Zakeri s body was dumped in a well after he was hanged. 244

245 Images of Innocence Photographs of some of the victims of the 1988 massacre Ahmad Seyyedian with his daughter, Zohreh Amir Houshang Hadikhanlou Abbas Bazyarpour 245

246 Images of Innocence Photographs of some of the victims of the 1988 massacre Two members of Iran s national football team, both executed in the massacre: Mahshid Razzaghi (second from left, standing), and Habib Khabiri (third from left, sitting). Khabiri was the Captain of Iran s national Squad. Davar Ghaffazadegan (first in column) was an accomplished mountaineer. Mohammad Jangzadeh (standing) 246

247 Images of Innocence Photographs of some of the victims of the 1988 massacre Mohammad Poulchi (left) and Farhad Moussapour, both executed Massoud Nasseri and Ali Heiddari, both executed Two brothers, Farhad and Farrokh Jareh, both executed 247

248 Images of Innocence Photographs of some of the victims of the 1988 massacre Zahra Niakan and her brother, Hossein, were both executed in the massacre. In this family photograph they were honoring their uncle, Heidar Niakan, executed in Mojtaba and Fatemeh Ghanimati, a brother and sister executed by mullahs regime. Mohammad Reza Shariati 248

249 Images of Innocence Photographs of some of the victims of the 1988 massacre Hassan Shokrollahi Yan- Cheshmeh Ezzatollah Kia Ahmadi Mansour Asgari 249