Bibliography. Abdul Majeed, A., 1987 "A Note on Korkai Excavations", Tamil Civilization, Tamil University, Thanjavur, vol.5, nos. 1&2, pp

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1 Bibliography Abdul Majeed, A., 1987 "A Note on Korkai Excavations", Tamil Civilization, Tamil University, Thanjavur, vol.5, nos. 1&2, pp Abdul Majeed, A., 1992 Alagankulam: A Preliminary Report, Tamil Nadu State Archaeology Department, Madras. Abdul Majeed, A., 1993 "Alagankulamum Ayal Natturavum", (in Tamil) Paper presented in the seminar on Tamil Nadu Ports and Foreign Contacts, February, Poompuhar. Adams, R.M., 1965 Land Behind Baghdad, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Agrawal, D.P., 2001"The Idea of India and its Heritage: The Millennial Challenges", Man and Environment, Journal of Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quatarnary Studies, Deccan College, Pune, vol. XXVI, no. 1, pp Agrawal, D.P., and Kusumgar, S., 1966 "Radio Carbon Dates of Samples from Southern Neolithic sites", Current Science, vol.5, pp Ainkurunuru (Sangam literature), 2004 New Century Book House, Chennai. Aiyappan, A., "Rude Stone Monuments of the Perumal Hills", Quarterly Journal Mythic Society, vol.31, pp Akananuru (Sangam literature), 2004 New century Book House, Chennai. Allchin, B. and Allchin, F.R., 1968 The Birth of Indian Civilization, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth. Allchin, F.R., 1974 "Pottery from graves in the Perumal Hills near Kodaikanal", in Perspectives in Palaeoanthropology, Ghosh, A.K., (ed.), Sirma, K.L.Mukhopadiya, Calcutta, pp Allchin, F.R., 1995 The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia - The Emergence of Cities and States, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Anbarasan, R., 2004 Archaeology of Karur Region, Unpublished M.Phil Dissertation, Tamil University, Thanjavur. Anglade, A., 1954 "The Dolmens of Palani Hills", Journal of Anthropological Society, vol. 8, no.2, pp Ansari, Z.D, and Dhavalikar, M.K., 1973 Excavations at Kayatha, Deccan College Research Institute, Poona. 231

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3 Bidie, G., 1883 "The Pagoda or Varaha Coins of Southern India", Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol.52, p.33. Bopearachchi, Osmund and Rajah.M.Wickremesinhe, 1999 Ruhuna: An Ancient Civilization Re-visited Numismatic and Archaeological Evidence on Inland and Maritime Trade, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. Bopearachchi, Osmund, 1996 "Seafaring in the Indian Ocean - Archaeological evidence from Sri Lanka", in Tradition and Archaeology-Early Maritime Contacts in the Indian Ocean, H.P.Ray and J.F.Salles (eds.), Manohar Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, pp Branfill, B.R., 1880 "Rude Megaliths Monuments in North Arcot", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol.xlix, pp Branfill, B.R., 1881 "On the Savanadurga Rude Stone Cemetry, Central Maisur", Indian Antiquary, vol.10, pp Branfill, B.R., 1887 "Old slab stone monuments in Madras and Maisur, Indian Antiquary, vol.10, pp Branfill, B.R., 1880 "Rude Megalith Monuments in North Arcot", Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol.49, pp Journal of the Royal Breeks, J.W., 1873 An Account of the Primitive Tribes and Monuments of the Nilgiris, Cultural Publishing House, Delhi (reprint 1983). Buchanan-Hamilton, F., 1807 A Journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara and Malabar, British Library, Historical Prints editions London. Burnel, A.C., 1874 Elements of South Indian Palaeography, from the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A.C., Stolz & Hirner, Basel Mission Press, London. Caldwell, B.R., 1982 A History of Tinnevelly, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. Cammiade, L.A. and Burkitt, M.C., 1930 "Fresh Light on the Stone Age of Eastern India", Antiquity, vol.5, no.15, pp Carswell, J. and M.Prickett., 1984 "Mantai 1980", Ancient Ceylon, vol. 5, pp Chambakalakshmi, R., 1996 Trade Ideology and urbanization: South India 330 B.C to A.D 1300, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1996, pp Champakalakshmi, R., 1989 "Ideology and the State in South India", Proceedings of the Andhra Pradesh History Congress, 13th Session, Srisailam. Champakalakshmi, R., "Archaeology and Tamil Tradition", Puratattva, Bulletin of Indian Archaeological Society, New Delhi, vol.8, pp Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal, 1977 Coins and Currency Systems in South India, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi. 233

4 Chedambath, R., 1998 "Investigation into the Megalithic and Early Historic periods of the Periyar and the Ponnani Basins of Kerala", unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Poona, Pune. Childe, V.Gordon, 1948 "Megaliths", Ancient India, vol.4, pp Chinnian, P., 1985 A Survey of the Megalithic Monuments in Periyar District (Tamil Nadu), Erode, pp Congrave, H., 1847 "The Antiquities of Nilgiri Hills including an inquiry into the descent of the Thautuwars or Todars", Madras Journal of Literature of Science, vol.14, p.92. Coningham, R.A.E., et.al.,1996 "Passage to India? Anuradhapura and Early Use of Brahmi Script", Cambridge Archaeological Journal, vol.6, no.1, pp Cunningham, Alexander, 1871 Archaeological Survey of India Reports, vol. 1, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Simla. Cunningham, Alexander, 1877 "Inscriptions of Asoka", Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Simla. vol. 1, pp Davidson, Alexander, 1790 "On Some Roman Coins found at Nelore", Asiatic Researches, vol.2, p.331. Dennel, R.W. and Rendell, H.M., 1991 "De Terra and Paterson and the Soan Flake Industry: A New Perspective from the Soan Valley, Northern Pakistan", Man and Environment, Journal of Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies, Deccan College, Pune, vol.xvi, no.2, pp Deo, S.B., 1970 Excavations at Takalghat and Khapa, University Press, Nagpur. Deo, S.B., 1973 "The Dating of Megaliths in Maharashtra: Evaluation of Some New Evidence", in Radiocarbon Dating and Indian Archaeology, D. P. Agrawal and A. Ghosh (eds), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, pp Deraniyagala, S.U., 1986 "Excavations in the Citadel of Anuradhapura:Gedige 1984, a preliminary report", Ancient Ceylon, Journal of the Archaeological Survey Department of Sri Lanka, vol.6, pp Deraniyagala, S.U., 1990 "Radio Carbon dating of Early Brahmi Script in Sri Lanka", Ancient Ceylon, Journal of the Archaeological Survey Department of Sri Lanka, vol.11, pp Deraniyagala, S.U., 1992 The Pre-history of Sri Lanka: An Ecological Perspective, parts 1&2, Archaeological Survey Department, Government of Sri Lanka, Colombo. Desikachari, T., 1911 "Dravidian Kingdoms and list of Pandyan Coins", Tamilian Antiquary, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, vol.1, no.9, pp

5 Desikachari, T., 1913 "Numismatics with special relation to South India", Quarterly Journal of Mythic Society, Bangalore, vo.3, no.1, pp Desikachari, T., 1913 "Pandiyan Coins", Tamilian Antiquary, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, vol.2, no.1, pp Desikachari, T., 1914 "The Cholas and their Coinage", Tamilian Antiquary, vol.2, no.2, pp Desikachari, T., 1916 "South Indian Epigraphy and Numismatics ", Proceedings of the Madras Literary Society, p.33. Dhavalikar, M.K., 1985 "Early Settlement and Subsistence patterns in the Deccan", in Recent Advances in Indo Pacific Prehistory, V.N. Mistra, and Peter Bellwood (eds.), IBH and Oxford Publications, Delhi, pp Dhavalikar, M.K., 2002 Historical Archaeology of India, Books and Books, New Delhi. Dikshit, K.N., 1969 "The Origin and Distribution of Megaliths in India", Seminar papers on the Problem of Megaliths in India, Varanasi, pp Ekambaranathan, A., and Sivaprakasam, C.K., 1987 Jaina Inscriptions in Tamil Nadu (List), Research Foundation for Jainology, Madras. Elliot, W., 1844 "A discovery of Roman coins in the Coimbatore District", Madras Journal of Literature and science, vol. 13, pp Elliot, W., "On the Kalaiyamputtur hoard", Madras Journal of Literature and Science old serious, vol. 18, pp Elliot, W., Coins of Southern India, London, (Varanasi, reprint 1970). Fairservis, W.A., 1956 "Excavations in the Quetta valley, West Pakistan", Amerian Museum of Natural History Anthropological Papers, New York, vol.45, no.2, pp Foote, R.B., 1866 "On the Occurrence of Stone Implements in Lateritic Formations in Various Parts of the Madras and North Arcot Districts", Madras Journal of Literature and Science, 3rd Series, part II, pp Foote, R.B., 1916 Pre-historic And Proto-historic Antiquities Publications, New Delhi. of India, Leeladevi Foote, R.B., 1916 The Foote Collection of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Antiquities Antiquities, Notes on Their Ages and Distribution, Government Museum, Madras. Francis, W., 2000 Madras District Gazetteers, Madurai, Madras, (reprint). Fraser, William, 1861 "Antiquities of Coimbatore District", Madras Journal of Literature and Science, vol.22, pp

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7 Hall, Kenneth, R., 1980 Trade and Statecraft in the Age of the Colas, Abhinav Publications, New Delhi. Harding, H.O.D., "Notes on some old graves in Coiambatore District, Madras", Madras Journal of Literature and Science, pp Heitzman, James, 1997 Gifts of power: Lordship in an Early Indian State, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Hermann Kulke, (ed.), 1995 The State in India , Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Hole, F., 1968 "Evidence of Social Organization form western Iran, BC" in New Perspectives in Archaeology, S.R. Binford, and L.R. Binford (eds.), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, pp Hosten, H., 1907 "Prehistoric Remains near Kodaikanal", Palnis, Anthropos, vol. II, pp Hultzch, E., 1896 "Miscellaneous South Indian Coins", Indian Antiquary, vol.25, pp Hunt, E.H., 1929 "Hyderabad Cairns and their Significance", Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute, vol.54, pp Indian Archaeology - A Review, , Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi. Indian Archaeology - A Review, , Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi. Indian Archaeology - A Review, , Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi. Iyengar, Srinivasa, P.T., 1983 History of Tamils: from the earliest times to 1000 AD, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. Jarrige, J.F., 1984 "Chronology of the earliest periods of the greater Indus as seenfrom Mehrgarh, Pakistan", in South Asian Archaeology 1981, B.Allchin (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp Jayswal, Vidula, 1978 Palaeohistory of India, Agam Kala Prakashan, New Delhi. Karashima, N., 1984 South Indian History and Society: Studies from Inscriptions A.D , Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Karashima, N., 1992 Towards a New Formation: South Indian Society under Vijayanagar Rule, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Karashima, N., 2000 "Ancient and Medieval Commercial Activities in the Indian Ocean: Testimony of Inscriptions and Ceramic-Sherds", Report of the Taisho university Research Project, Alamu printers, Chennai. 237

8 Karashima, N., 2002 A Concordance of Nayakas: The Vijayanagar Inscriptions in South India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Karashima, N., Subbarayalu, Y. and Matsui, T., 1978 A Concordance of the Names in the Chola Inscriptions, Sarvodaya Ilakkiya Pannai, Madurai. Karunananthal, R.P., 1993 "Mamarathuppatti Kalvettukkal", Avanam, Journal of Tamil Nadu Archaeological Society, Thanjavur, vol.3, pp Kasinathan, Natana, 1991 "Gandagopalan Madai", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.1, pp Kasinathan, Natana, 1992 "Andipatti Coins - A Reappraisal", Art Panorama of Tamils, Chennai. Kasinathan, Natana, 1993 "Roman Coins from Alagankulam Excavations", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.3, pp Kasinathan, Natana, 1995 "Coins from Alagankulam and Padaividu Excavations", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.5, pp Kasinathan, Natana, 1995 "Date of Sangam Literature", paper presented in the VIII International Conference, Seminar on Tamil Studies, January, 1-4. Kasinathan, Natana, 1997 Antiquity of sea voyages in Tamil Nadu, Paper presented in the VIII International Conference, Seminar on Tamil Studies, Thanjavur, January, 1-4. Kasinathan, Natana, 1999 Poompuharum Katal akazhaivum (Poompuhar and Underwater Excavations), Then Indiya Saiva Siddhanta Nurpatippuk Kazhakam, Chennai. Kasinathan, Natana, 2003 Tamilar Kasu Iyal, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Chennai. Kennedy, K.A.R., 1975 The Physical Anthropology of the Megalith Builders of South India and Sri Lanka, Australian National University Press, Canberra. Khan, H.H., "Megalithic Monuments in Chettipalayam, Coiambatore District", Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, pp Khan, H.H., "Explorations in Coimbatore District", Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, pp Kosambi, D.D., 1951 "The Bodinayakanur Hoard", Journal of the Bombay Branch of Royal Asiatic Society, vol.26, no.2, pp Krishnamacharlu, C.R., "The Antiquity of Korkai", Annual Report, Archaeological Survey of India, pp Krishanamacharlu, C.R., 1941 List of Inscriptions copied by the Office of the Superintendent for Epigraphy, Madras, Delhi. 238

9 Krishnamurthy, R., 1988 "Coins of the Pallava King Mahendravarman I", Numismatic Society of India, vol.50, pp Journal of Krishnamurthy, R., 1988 "Some Unpublished rare Coins of Pallavas", Journal of Numismatic Society of India, vol.50, pp Krishnamurthy, R., 1989 "Pallava Coin with Lion Symbol", Journal of Numismatic Society of India, vol.51, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1990 "Sangam period Cera Coins with the Portrait and Legend", Paper presented at the first oriental Numismatics Congress, Nagpur. Krishnamurthy, R., 1991 "Two More Pallava Coins with Legends", Journal of Numismatic Society of India, vol.52, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1992 "Makkotai Coin", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.2, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1993 "Selucid Coins from Karur", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.3, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1994 "Coins from Phonecia found at Karur", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.4, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1994 Late Roman Copper Coins from South India, Karur and Madurai, Garnet Publications, Madras. Krishanamurthy, R., 1995 "Coins from Greek Islands, Rhodes and Crete found at Karur", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.5, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1997 "Copper punch-marked coins from Karur, Tamil Nadu", Numesmatic studies, vol.5, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1997 Sangam Age Tamil Coins, Garnet Publications, Madras. Krishanamurthy, R., 1998 "A Note on the Counter Struck Silver Coin of Makkotai", Studies in South Indian Coins, vol.8, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 1999 "A Coin of Priest-King of Judea from Karur", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.9, pp Krishanamurthy, R., 2000 Non-Roman Ancient Foreign Coins from Karur in India, Garnet Publications, Madras. Krishanamurthy, R., 2001 "Some Unknown Ancient Greek Coins from Karur", Studies in South Indian Coins, New Era Publications, Chennai, vol.11, pp Krishna Sastri, H., 1919 "The Caverns and Brahmi Inscriptions of Southern India", Proceedings and Transactions of the First All-India Oriental Conference, Poona, pp

10 Krishnan, K.G., 1981 "Origin and Development of Tamil Script", Studies in South Indian History and Epigraphy, New Era Publications, Madras, vol.1, pp. 24. Krishnasami Ayyar, K. N., 1993 Madras District Gazetteers - Coimbatore District, vol. II, Printed by the Superintendent, Government press, Madras. Krishnaswami, V. D., 1949 "Megalithic types of South India", Ancient India, vol.5, pp Krishnaswami, V.D., 1947 "Stone Age in India", Ancient India, vol.3, pp Kuruntokai (Sangam literature), 2004 New century Book House, Chennai. Lal, B.B., 1962 "From the Megalithic to the Harappa: Tracing back the Graffiti on the pottery", Ancient India, vol.16, pp Leshnik, L. S., 1969 "A Unique Implement From A South Indian Megalithic Burial", Man, vol.4, pp Leshnik, L.S., 1974, South Indian Megalithic Burials: Pandukal Complex, Franz Steiner Verlag Gmbh,Wiesbaden. Little, H., 1883 "Roman coins in South India", Madras Chrristian College Magazine, Madras, pp Longhurst, A.H., "A Report on the excavations of certain cairns in the Coimbatore District", Annual Report of the Archaeological Department, Southern Circle, Madras and Coorg, pp Loventhal, J.E., 1888 The Tamil Coins of Tinnevelly, Madras. Mac Dowall, "Indian Imports of Roman Silver Coins", in Coinage, Trade and Economy, A.K, Jha, (ed.), Nasik, pp Mahadevan, Iravatham, 2000 "Ancient Tamil Coins from Sri Lanka", Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies, vol. 17, no.2, pp Mahadevan, Iravatham, 1966 "Corpus of the Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions", in Seminar on Inscriptions, R. Nagasamy, (ed.), Tamil Nadu State Archaeology Department, Madras, pp Mahadevan, Iravatham, 1968 "Corpus of Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions", in Seminar on Inscriptions 1966: Speeches and Papers, R. Nagasamy (ed.), Dept. of Archaeology, Madras, pp Mahadevan, Iravatham, 1994 "Ancient Tamil Contacts Abroad: Recent Epigraphical Evidence", Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies, vol.12, no.1, pp Mahadevan, Iravatham, 1995 "From Orality to Literacy: The Case of the Tamil Society", Studies in History, vol. 2, pp

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