Preaching 2 Corinthians

Transcription

1 Preaching 2 Corinthians by David Roper W Introduction From Paul s Heart to Yours (2 Corinthians 1:1, 2) Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, to the church of God which is at Corinth with all the saints who are throughout Achaia: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ (2 Corinthians 1:1, 2). ILLIAMS (in his translation) calls 2 Corinthians one of the four most significant books of Paul. It is the purpose of this introductory lesson to lay a background for our study (so that you can understand why Paul writes as he does) and to stress that this is the book where Paul opens his heart and reveals his emotions in a way he does in no other book. In 2 Corinthians Paul speaks from his heart to yours. I. FROM PAUL S HEART.... Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ. Paul identified himself. As we shall see, Paul s apostolic authority was questioned by some at Corinth. And Timothy, our brother. Timothy was Paul s co-worker. But more than that, he was one who had been associated with Paul s work in Corinth (Acts 18:5). While Paul was at Ephesus, Paul sent Timothy to Corinth (1 Corinthians 4:17; 16:10, 11). Unto the church of God at Corinth. Paul had established the church at Corinth on his second missionary journey (Acts 18:1-18). What a challenge that must have been (1 Corinthians 6:9-11). After working there eighteen months (Acts 18:11), he returned to Antioch by way of Jerusalem. Paul wrote 1 Corinthians three years or so after he left Corinth. On his third missionary journey, he came to Ephesus, a city right across the Aegean Sea from Corinth only two or three days sailing time. It would have been comparatively easy to visit Corinth from Ephesus (2 Corinthians 12:14; 13:1). He stayed at Ephesus about three years (1 Corinthians 6:8; Acts 19:1 20:1). Report(s) and a letter came from Corinth telling of problems there (1 Corinthians 1:11; 5:1; 7:1; etc.). Paul wrote to them concerning their problems and other matters. Among other things, he wrote concerning the following of men (1 Corinthians 1-4), the need for discipline (1 Corinthians 5), and the collection for the poor saints at Jerusalem (1 Corinthians 16). He also promised to come on an extended visit (1 Corinthians 16:2-8; 2 Corinthians 1:15, 16). Between the first and second Corinthian letters, several things occurred; Paul sent Titus to Corinth (2 Corinthians 12:18). His work in Ephesus was cut short his life was endangered. Second, Corinthians 1:8-11 may refer to Acts 19:23 and 20:1. Paul went to Troas, where he 1

2 worked and waited for Titus (2 Corinthians 2:12, 13). The church at Troas may have been started at this time. Because of Paul s concern for Corinth, he went on to Macedonia. Here he worked on the collection for the saints (2 Corinthians 8:1-5; 9:2, 4) while he waited for Titus. Finally, Titus came (2 Corinthians 2:13; 7:5-7; Acts 20:1, 2). Titus report was mainly favorable. Most of the Corinthians had responded to Paul s admonitions. For instance, they had withdrawn fellowship from the erring brothers. But there were some (Judaizing teachers, according to 2 Corinthians 11:22), who opposed him and were criticizing him by impugning his motives and denying his apostleship. As evidence, they cited such things as his change in plans in regard to visiting Corinth (2 Corinthians 1:15; 2:1), the fact that he carried no letters of recommendation (2 Corinthians 3:1), his personal appearance (2 Corinthians 10:10), and the fact that he accepted no pay from the Corinthians while with them (2 Corinthians 11:7). Paul s response to all this was 2 Corinthians. Note that it is written from Macedonia several months after 1 Corinthians (maybe up to a year later). (See 2 Corinthians 8:10; 9:2.) II.... TO YOURS In 2 Corinthians Paul specifically addressed the situation at Corinth. In the letter, he rejoiced at the Corinthians response and followed up on matters from the previous letter (discipline and the contribution). But most of the letter is a defense of his ministry and his apostleship (2 Corinthians 11:5; 12:11, 12). Note the stress in 1:1: By the will of God. This can be seen in this outline: Chapters 1-7: Comfort for his friends (Note 5:12) Chapters 8-13: Confrontation with his enemies This is an emotional letter and hard to outline. It is not as systematic as most of Paul s are. Here is a simple outline: I. PAUL AND HIS COMMISSION A. Chapters 1; 2 His motives B. Chapters 3 5 His message C. Chapters 6; 7 His mandate II. PAUL AND HIS CHALLENGE A. Chapters 8; 9 His collection (for the poor) 2 III. PAUL AND HIS CRITICS A. Chapter 10 His appearance B. Chapters 11; 12 His apostleship C. Chapter 13 His appeal Paul s love and concern for the Corinthians can be seen in his opening salutation: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ (2 Corinthians 1:2). After writing the letter, Paul sent Titus and others on to Corinth to complete the collection (2 Corinthians 8:6, 16-24). After a while, Paul came on to Achaia and Corinth, where he spent three months (Acts 20:1-3). There he wrote the Roman letter (Romans 15:26). Then he went on to Jerusalem and imprisonment. But Paul did not write 2 Corinthians just for the Corinthians. It was for all the saints which [were] in Achaia (2 Corinthians 1:11). His first letter had been addressed to all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord (1 Corinthians 1:2). Letters were circulated (Colossians 4:16). This letter has been preserved because it has a message for us. It has a special message on what is involved in preaching and serving in general. Second Corinthians was the text of the course I took at ACU on The Preacher s Life and Work. Here Paul revealed his heart as he did in no other book. It has a special message on how to deal with adversity. Paul made constant reference to his dependence upon God. He spoke of the all-sufficiency of Christ. He said God gave him strength in weakness. There are lessons here for every life! The purpose of our study is to let Paul s heart speak to your heart that you, too, might know the strength that can come in weakness. Sermon I The God of All Comfort (2 Corinthians 1:3-11) Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort; who comforts us in all our affliction so that we may be able to comfort those who are in any affliction with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God (1:3, 4).

3 AUL is dealing with criticism. But what les- Psons he gives about comfort! He says God is the God of all comfort (1:3). He says the Christian has heavenly comfort. I. WE ALL HAVE PROBLEMS Paul had problems of all kinds (1:4-6, 8). He even got discouraged (7:5). But there was a purpose in his difficulties. His pain qualified him to help others (1:3, 4). It allowed him to be a good example (1:6, 7). It helped him to learn to rely on God (1:9, 10). We also have problems (1:7). II. BUT GOD CAN COMFORT US IN ALL OUR PROBLEMS God comforted Paul. Notice the means of God s comfort: by confidence in God (1:9), by God s providential care (1:10), through fellow Christians (1:11; 7:6, 13). So Paul had great confidence for the future! (1:10). God can also comfort us, if we will cooperate with Him (1:7). III. BUT OUR COMFORT IS NOT TO BE KEPT TO OURSELVES We are comforted to be able to comfort (1:4, 6). All are helped! Corinth Titus Paul Corinth the penitent (2:7). H Let us be encouraged. Let us encourage others. Sermon II It Is Okay to Change Your Mind Sometimes (2 Corinthians 1:12 2:3) Therefore, I was not vacillating when I intended to do this, was I? Or that which I purpose, do I purpose according to the flesh, that with me there should be yes, yes and no, no at the same time? (1:17). AVE you ever gotten in trouble because you changed your mind? Paul did. Paul was carrying out his travel plans outlined in 1 Corinthians 16:3-6. But at some time he had revealed other plans (1:15, 16). His enemies used this to discount him. Paul is fickle and unreliable! If you cannot trust him in little things, how can you trust him in big things? they said. Is it all right to change one s mind? When is it? I. PAUL CHANGED HIS MIND He was a trustworthy person. His life and writings were consistent (1:12-14). He did not make plans lightly (1:15-18). All his decisions were made before a trustworthy God, the God who had commissioned him (1:18-22). But he still changed his mind. Why did he? He changed his mind to spare them (1:23; 2:3). He was giving them a chance to repent (1 Corinthians 4:21) so his coming would be a happy occasion. II. SO IT IS OKAY TO CHANGE YOUR MIND SOMETIMES It is okay to change your mind when you are not violating a trust by doing so, when God s will and the best interests of others are uppermost in your mind, and when there is no humanly way to avoid doing so. But otherwise, learn to keep your word! Do not commit yourself lightly. When you make a commitment, stick to it! Learn to be a responsible person. Do you keep your word? Sermon III Preachers Have Feelings Too! (2 Corinthians 2:14-16) But thanks be to God, who always leads us in His triumph in Christ, and manifests through us the sweet aroma of the knowledge of Him in every place. For we are a fragrance of Christ to God among those who are being saved and among those who are perishing; to the one an aroma from death to death, to the other an aroma from life to life. And who is adequate for these things? (2:14-16). DO preachers really have feelings? Paul says they do. I. THEY CAN FEEL ANGUISH AS THEY HAVE TO CORRECT (2:4) Here we have insight into Paul s emotions as 3

4 he wrote 1 Corinthians. The challenge to every preacher is this: Preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with great patience and instruction (2 Timothy 4:2). But how hard it is! II. THEY CAN FEEL LOVE FOR THOSE THEY ARE TRYING TO CORRECT (2:4) If you really love someone, you try to get him to do right (Hebrews 12:6). Preaching that never condemns evil is not loving preaching. III. THEY CAN FEEL CONCERN FOR OTHERS WHO ARE HURT (2:5) One of the needs Paul had written about before was the man who needed to be disciplined (1 Corinthians 5). Paul was more concerned about the Corinthians than about himself. IV. THEY CAN FEEL FORGIVENESS AS PEOPLE REPENT (2:6-11) There is another reason for disciplining: It is a test of our willingness to obey! (2:9). Does church discipline ever do any good? The man had repented, and so Paul urged them to receive him back. To fail to receive one back would be to give Satan the advantage (2:11). A refusal to forgive would corrupt the basic design of discipline. V. THEY CAN FEEL UNCERTAINTY OVER HOW THEIR MESSAGE IS RECEIVED (2:12, 13) Paul had no rest in his spirit as he tried to work at Troas. A lack of reception affects a preacher s work! VI. THEY CAN FEEL TRIUMPHANT JOY WHEN GOD BLESSES THEIR EFFORTS (2:14-16) Paul had finally met Titus and learned that his work was successful! (7:5, 6). The agony and ecstasy of being a preacher! VII. PREACHERS CAN FEEL SO INADEQUATE (2:16) Who is sufficient? (See 3:5.) Pray for your preacher and hold up his hands! 4 Encourage your preacher! Sermon IV The Glory of Being God s Servant! (2 Corinthians 2:7 3:18) P But if the ministry of death, in letters engraved on stones, came with glory, so that the sons of Israel could not look intently at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face, fading as it was, how shall the ministry of the Spirit fail to be even more with glory? (2:7, 8). AUL S ministry was triumphant (2:14ff.), sincere (2:17), and glorious (3:7-11). So is ours (3:18). I. THE GLORY OF SERVING GOD (2:17; 3:6) Working for God is glorious when our motives are pure (2:17). Our work is the only recommendation we need (3:1-3). Christians are the only Bible some will read! Letters of recommendation are mentioned in other passages (Romans 16:1, 2; 2 Timothy 4:11). God enables us to do the work (3:4-6). (See also 4:7; 5:18; 7:6; 12:9; 13:3, etc.) II. THE GLORY OF SERVING UNDER THE NEW COVENANT (3:6-18) Paul s critics were Judaizing teachers (11 :22). He contrasts the old covenant with the new. He mentioned tables of stone (the Ten Commandments) versus tables of the heart (3:3). (See Jeremiah 31:31-34; Hebrews 8:8-13.) He speaks of the New Testament [covenant] (3:6) versus the old (Hebrews 8:13). Three contrasts are seen here (3:6-18). Note the contrast between the covenants (3:6-11). The letter refers to the Old Testament and spirit refers to the New Testament. (See Exodus 34:29-35 in the ASV.) Another contrast is seen between Moses and Paul (3:12, 13). A final contrast is given between those who listened to Moses and those who listen to Christ (3:13-18). (See Galatians 3:16, 19, 24, 25.) We are under the glorious new covenant, not the old covenant which was centered in the Ten Commandments (3:7, 11, 13, 14). III. THE GLORY OF BECOMING MORE AND MORE LIKE THE PERFECT SERVANT (3:18) Now we behold His glory in the mirror of God s Word (James 1:25) and become more and

5 more like Him as we do His will (James 1:22-25; 2 Corinthians 5:17; Colossians 1:27). Someday we shall see Him face to face, and we shall be like Him (1 John 3:2; Colossians 3:3, 4; Romans 8:17). Do you see the glory of serving God? Sermon V Do Not Give Up! (2 Corinthians 4:1-18) Therefore we do not lose heart, but though our outer man is decaying, yet our inner man is being renewed day by day. For momentary, light affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory far beyond all comparison, while we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen; for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal (4:16-18). LL of us get a little discouraged at times Aand Paul was no exception (7:5; 4:8). But Paul did not give up; he did not quit! Second Corinthians 4 gives several reasons why. Do not give up... I. BECAUSE THE WORK GOD HAS GIVEN US TO DO IS WORTH THE EFFORT AND SACRIFICE (4:1-7) The idea of a glorious ministry is continued in these verses (4:4, 6, 15, 17). Our ministry is glorious because it is sincere (4:1, 2; see 2:17), it is unveiled (except to those who refuse to learn) (4:3, 4; see 3:14-16), and it is without self-commendation (4:5-7; see 3:1). II. BECAUSE GOD WILL HELP AND SUSTAIN US (4:7-12, 15) We are weak, but our God is strong (4:7). With His help, we can meet every trial (4:8-10). We are never abandoned! Behind it all, there is a purpose (4:10-12, 15). These things prepare us for the life to come (4:10, 11). They benefit those with whom we share the gospel (4:12, 15). They cause God to be glorified (4:15). III. BECAUSE IF WE REMAIN FAITHFUL, VICTORY WILL BE OURS (4:13-18) Because of our faith in the resurrection from the dead, we can speak with boldness (4:13, 14). The trials of the moment are not to be compared with the glory that awaits us (4:16-18). Do not give up! Sermon VI Oh, My Aching Body! (2 Corinthians 4:16 5:11a) Therefore since we have this ministry, as we received mercy, we do not lose heart, but we have renounced the things hidden because of shame, not walking in craftiness or adulterating the word of God, but by the manifestation of truth commending ourselves to every man s conscience in the sight of God. And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, in whose case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that they might not see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God (4:1-4). THE pagan religions depreciated the body; the ultimate was to be freed from the body and to soar into infinity. In the Christian faith, however, while the weaknesses of the flesh are recognized, the body is exalted to a high and holy purpose. I. OUR OLD BODIES ARE WEARING OUT (4:16-18) Note the contrasts of this section: the outward man (body) perishing versus the inward man (the soul) being renewed; light affliction versus weighty glory; the things seen versus the things not seen; and the temporal versus the eternal. This body is perishing day by day (see also 5:4), but when we understand that this life is merely a preparation for the next, this is not of major significance. II. GOD WILL GIVE US NEW BODIES (5:1-8) Some day this old body will give out, but this should not worry us for God will give us a new body. (See 1 Corinthians 15:42-46.) Paul longed for that new body and the new relationship with Christ that it would bring. Paul s preference was that the Lord would return while he was still alive, so that he would go immedi- 5

6 ately from his old body to his new body (1 Corinthians 15:51, 52; 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17) rather than die and exist for a period of time in the disembodied state of the dead. (See Luke 16:19-31.) God has guaranteed that He will give us new bodies. III. TO RECEIVE THE NEW BODIES, WE MUST USE OUR OLD BODIES TO DO THE WILL OF GOD (5:9-11a) We must not become so preoccupied with the future that we neglect the present. Our eternal fate will depend on what each has done in His body. Are you doing the will of God? Sermon VII What Will Move Me to Be A Soul-Winner? (2 Corinthians 5:11 6:2) For the love of Christ controls us, having concluded this, that one died for all, therefore all died; and He died for all, that they who live should no longer live for themselves, but for Him who died and rose again on their behalf. Therefore from now on we recognize no man according to the flesh; even though we have known Christ according to the flesh, yet now we know Him thus no longer. Therefore if any man is in Christ, he is a new creature; the old things passed away; behold, new things have come (5:14-17). AVE you seen the I-Hate-To-Do-Personal- H Work Book? In these verses, Paul gives many motivations for teaching the gospel to those who are lost. These motivations are the basic motivations of Christianity. I. THE MOTIVATION OF FEAR (5:11-13) He mentions not just the fear of displeasing God in the judgment (4:9, 10), but also the fear of those we love being lost! Soulwinning is not just a presentation of facts; it is also a matter of persuasion (5:11; see also 5:20 and 6:1). Do not worry about people thinking you have gone crazy over religion (5:13; see also Acts 26:24 and Mark 3:21). 6 II. THE MOTIVATION OF LOVE (5:14-17) When we consider the blessings that have come through God s love (5:14, 17; see also 5:19, 21), how we should want to share these! The love of Christ will overcome the greatest hindrance to soulwinning: selfishness! (5:14, 15). Because of the love of Christ, we will see the value of every man regardless of his background (5:16). III. THE MOTIVATION OF RESPONSIBILITY (5:18, 19) The world needs to be reconciled to God! We have the word of reconciliation (5:19), which places a great responsibility upon us! But God will be with us (5:18a). IV. THE MOTIVATION OF PRIVILEGE (5:20, 21) We are not ambassadors in the same sense Paul and the other apostles were, but that same message has been committed to us (Matthew 28:18-20; 2 Timothy 2:2). What a privilege to speak on behalf of Christ! V. THE MOTIVATION OF URGENCY (6:1, 2) Right now is the only time of which we are assured. Let us be fervent in our teaching and appeal! Let these reasons compel you to lead others to Christ. Sermon VIII Do We Really Appreciate Them? (2 Corinthians 6:3-13) But in everything commending ourselves as servants of God, in much endurance, in afflictions, in hardships, in distresses, in beatings, in imprisonments, in tumults, in labors, in sleeplessness, in hunger, in purity, in knowledge, in patience, in kindness, in the Holy Spirit, in genuine love, in the word of truth, in the power of God; by the weapons of righteousness for the right hand and the left, by glory and dishonor, by evil report and good report; regarded as deceivers and yet true; as unknown yet well-known, as dying yet behold, we live; as punished yet not put to death,

7 as sorrowful yet always rejoicing, as poor yet making many rich, as having nothing yet possessing all things (6:4-10). T should not have been necessary for Paul to I defend himself among the Corinthians... but it was. How sad. Do we love and appreciate those who labor among us? (1 Thessalonians 5:12, 13). I. DO WE APPRECIATE THEM? (6:3-10) Think of the challenge they have to keep their lives above suspicion (6:3, 4a). Consider the trials they have to undergo (6:4b, 5). They have the trials of life: problems, deprivations, and stress. They have the trials of opposition. Paul experienced beatings, jail, and riots. They have the trials of a conscientious servant: exhaustion, sleepless nights, a hectic schedule, etc. Think of the qualifications necessary to be an acceptable servant of God (6:6, 7). Purity of life, a knowledge of God s Word, patience (with irritating people), kindness, being filled with the Spirit (Galatians 5:22, 23), sincerity, love, honest speech, trusting in God s power, and being ready to fight the good fight of faith (1 Timothy 6:12) are all necessary to living a Christian life. How often they (and their work) are misunderstood (6:8). Consider the sacrifices they willingly make for us (6:9, 10). They are willing to be a nobody, willing to give themselves, willing to be disciplined, willing to be moved, willing to be poor and have nothing. They are willing because in the things that matter, they are somebody, alive, protected, happy, useful, and rich! II. DO WE SHOW OUR APPRECIATION? (6:11-13) Paul was completely open with them; he expressed his love. But the Corinthians were stingy with their love. They needed to enlarge their hearts to love him back. Are we ever stingy in expressing our love and appreciation to those who have done so much for us? Do we really appreciate those who labor among us? How do we show our appreciation for our overseers? Appreciation is a beautiful characteristic; ungratefulness is the greatest of sins. Let us be grateful and gracious. Sermon IX Come Out, Come Out, Wherever You Are! (2 Corinthians 6:1 7:1) Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate, says the Lord. And do not touch what is unclean; and I will welcome you (6:17). NE of the great challenges of being a Chris- O tian is to be separated without being isolated. (Note 1 Corinthians 5:10.) In his first letter, Paul had reasoned with the Corinthians. Now he commands: Come out... and be ye separate! (6:17). Why? I. BECAUSE SALVATION IS ALL-IMPORTANT! (6:1, 2) Through God s grace, they had been cleansed and sanctified. If, however, they went back to the ways of the world, they would have received the grace of God in vain. II. BECAUSE FELLOWSHIP IN CHRIST IS PRECIOUS! (6:11-13) The closeness that should exist between Christians is seen in the words fellowship, communion, concord, part, and agreement (6:14-16). But that fellowship would be destroyed if they went back to the world! (6:14). III. BECAUSE A (TRUE) CHRISTIAN IS DISTINCTIVE! (6:14-16a) A Christian should never allow himself to be entangled in a compromising relationship (6:14; see Deuteronomy 22:10) whether in friendship, recreation, marriage, or business! Such a relationship is totally inconsistent with the nature of Christianity! (6:14b-16a). Christianity is righteousness, spiritual light, Christ, believers, and the temple of God (the church). The world is unrighteousness (lawlessness), spiritual darkness, Belial (Satan, the worthless one), infidels (unbelievers), and idols. IV. BECAUSE GOD S WORD IS AUTHORITATIVE! (6:16b-18) Three times Paul stresses that this is what God says. He makes reference to at least eight 7

8 Old Testament passages and adds his own inspired commentary. It is God s will that we be distinctive people! Our plea demands a Biblefollowing approach to life. We are to be Biblebased and Bible-governed. V. BECAUSE GOD S PROMISES ARE CONDITIONAL! (6:16b 7:1) One cannot imagine more precious promises! But it is all conditional upon our coming out and being separate! Having such promises, let us, on the negative side, cleanse ourselves inside and out and, on the positive side, grow in living the holy life! It cost early Christians to live the godly, distinctive life. What has it cost us? Sermon X Rebuilding Bridges (2 Corinthians 7:2-16) Make room for us in your hearts; we wronged no one, we corrupted no one, we took advantage of no one (7:2). AUL has defended himself not because of Pwounded dignity, but because his relationship with the Corinthians has been affected. In 7:2-16, Paul finishes rebuilding the bridge of fellowship. To rebuild bridges with another, we must... I. BE WILLING TO TAKE THE FIRST STEP (7:2-4) Paul had been wronged, but it is he that appeals to the Corinthians (7:2a; see 6:11-13). Even though they had treated him unfairly, he tells them he still loves them and has great confidence in them (7:3, 4; see also 7:14-16). II. (DO) NOT BE AFRAID TO LET HIM SEE YOUR HEART (7:5-7) Paul picks up the narrative from 2:12, 13 and tells of his fears and anxieties (7:5; see also 7:8) and of his rejoicing when Titus returned with good news (7:6, 7; see also 7:13-15). Learn to communicate how you feel. 8 III. REALIZE THAT THERE CANNOT BE THE JOY OF RECONCILIATION WITHOUT FIRST THE PAIN OF FACING THE PROBLEM (7:8, 9) It hurt Paul to write 1 Corinthians; now he can rejoice because it brought about the desired result. Something caused the estrangement; to seek peace without resolving the problem is to court future heartache. The problem had to be confronted and solved. Raw honesty coupled with confession and other appropriate responses were necessary. IV. BE READY TO MAKE NEEDED CHANGES (7:9-11) In the case at hand, it was the Corinthians who needed to make the changes. (See 1 Corinthians 5.) Fortunately, they accepted Paul s correction in the right way and repented. When our fellowship is affected, generally both of us are in the wrong. I must first of all be concerned about changing me. V. REAFFIRM CONSTANTLY OUR LOVE FOR HIM (7:12-15) Paul reaffirms that all he has done has been done because he cares for them. Love will get you through the hard times and enable you to swallow your pride. Paul closes on a positive note of reconciliation! (7:16). Sermon XI The Grace of Giving (2 Corinthians 8:1-15) But just as you abound in everything, in faith and utterance and knowledge and in all earnestness and in the love we inspired in you, see that you abound in this gracious work also (8:7). HAPTERS 8 and 9 are totally devoted to Cthe subject of giving, with only the exception of a quotation from the Old Testament (9:7; Proverbs 22:9). Paul does not refer to this collecting as giving. He uses terms like fellowship (8:4); ministering or service (8:4; 9:1, 12, 13); blessing (9:5; KJV has bounty ); sow-

9 ing and fruit-bearing (9:6, 10). But the term he uses most is grace (8:1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 19; 9:8, 14, 15). What are some characteristics of grace giving? I. GRACE GIVING IS NOT DEPENDENT UPON FAVORABLE CIRCUMSTANCES (8:1, 2) The Macedonians had problems; they were in deep poverty. But they gave liberally. II. GRACE GIVING IS ENTHUSIASTIC (8:3, 4) Paul did not have to twist their arms; they were the beggars! They wanted to do their part. They pleaded with Paul to let them give. How often it is the preacher who is begging the members to give to the Lord. We should want to give cheerfully. III. GRACE GIVING IS COMMITTED (8:5) They were committed to God and to God s leaders. This is the secret to liberal giving! IV. GRACE GIVING IS NOT IMPULSIVE (8:6, 7, 10, 11; see 9:1-5) Noble impulses are good, but without action they result in frustration. Grace giving plans (see 1 Corinthians 16:2 and 2 Corinthians 9:7) and then does what it says it will do. V. GRACE GIVING IS LOVING (8:8, 9) We sacrifice for those we love. All Christian activity centers around the cross. VI. GRACE GIVING IS WILLING (8:8a, 12; see also 9:7) Contributing can be commanded, but not grace giving. God looks first at the heart. VII. GRACE GIVING TRUSTS IN GOD (8:13-15) We should be willing to share. If we will, God will make sure it all evens out (Exodus 16:18). Are you a grace giver? Sermon XII Let s Get Practical! (2 Corinthians 8:16-24) And we have sent along with him the brother whose fame in the things of the gospel has spread through all the churches; and not only this, but he has also been appointed by the churches to travel with us in this gracious work, with which is being administered by us for the glory of the Lord Himself, and to show our readiness (8:18, 19). AUL was an emotional man. He could also Pbe extremely practical as in 8: There is nothing quite so touchy as money matters. In these verses are some valuable lessons on dealing with financial affairs (Matthew 10:16). I. HAVE SEVERAL INVOLVED (8:16, 18, 22; 9:4) Do not have one man counting the contribution behind closed doors. Who was involved in this collection? Titus (8:16), the brother (8:18), our brother (8:22), and they of Macedonia (9:4). See also Acts 20:4-6. II. MAKE SURE THOSE INVOLVED ARE QUALIFIED (8:16-19, 21-23) They must have a willingness to serve (8:16, 17) and a concern for Christians (8:16) and lost souls (8:18). They must have character above reproach (8:18, 22). They are to be honest men (8:21). They must have a desire to honor God, not men (8:19, 23). They must have the ability to cooperate (8:23) and a concept of stewardship (8:23). III. REMOVE THE SLIGHTEST HINT OF SELF-INTEREST (8:18, 19, 23) Let everything be open and aboveboard. Some of Paul s precautions are clearly seen. Those accompanying Paul were chosen by the churches involved, not by Paul (8:19, 23; 1 Corinthians 16:3). Paul had even left it optional whether he would be personally involved in the distribution (1 Corinthians 16:4). IV. REALIZE THAT WHAT PEOPLE THINK IS IMPORTANT (8:20, 21) We cannot say, It is no one else s business, or they ought to trust us. We need to appear 9

10 honest not only in God s sight, but also in men s sight (Proverbs 3:4; 1 Timothy 4:15, 16; 1 Peter 2:12; Titus 2:5, 7, 8). V. KEEP EVERYTHING AS POSITIVE AS POSSIBLE (8:22-24) The Corinthians had failed to carry through. Paul was being criticized (12:17, 18), but he remained positive. He commended the men coming (8:22, 23). He expressed his confidence in them (8:22, 24). Do not apologize for asking for money for the glory of Christ (8:23). Such is a privilege and a joy! We must be practical in the work of the church. We must be aboveboard and efficient. Sermon XIII When We Do Not Give Liberally (2 Corinthians 9:1-15) As it is written, He scattered abroad, he gave to the poor, His righteousness abides forever. Now He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food, will supply and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the harvest of your righteousness (9:9, 10). HROUGHOUT these two chapters liberal T giving is encouraged (8:2, 7; 9:6, 11, 13; see 8:12). If we do not give liberally, there are a number of consequences. I. IT IS EMBARRASSING (9:1-5) Paul had bragged on the Corinthians. He did not want himself and them to be embarrassed. It is embarrassing to claim to have truth and then, let those with error out give us! II. WE DO NOT PLEASE GOD (9:5-7) Forced giving displeases God. Forced giving is generally stingy giving. Giving that pleases God comes from the heart. And giving from the heart will always be generous! III. WE ROB OURSELVES OF MANY BLESSINGS (9:6, 8-11) A farmer who is stingy with the seed he sows to save money is robbing himself! If we sow 10 liberally, God guarantees a liberal harvest physically and spiritually. IV. WE HURT THE CAUSE OF CHRIST (9:11-14) Paul was not just concerned about money. Primarily, he was concerned about souls. Paul wanted to help both the Corinthians and those at Jerusalem. He wanted to improve relationships between brethren. When we do not give as we should, we hurt ourselves and we hurt others who would receive the benefits of our generosity. V. WE SHOW WE DO NOT FULLY APPRECIATE GOD S LIBERALITY (9:15) God s gift (John 3:16) made possible the result Paul wanted (Ephesians 2:13-18). God gave His best! Let us think of what God has done for us as we give. The response to Paul s appeal was good (Romans 15:25-32; note verse 26). Sermon XIV Seeing Things as the Lord Sees Them (2 Corinthians 10:1-18) For we are not bold to class or compare ourselves with some of those who commend themselves; but when they measure themselves by themselves, and compare themselves with themselves, they are without understanding (10:12). N the last section of 2 Corinthians, chapters I 10 through 13, Paul addresses himself to his critics often using irony. One of the shortcomings of his critics (and those influenced by them) was that they failed to see things as the Lord sees them (10:7a, KJV; 1 Samuel 16:7). I. MEEKNESS IS NOT WEAKNESS (10:1-6) They accused Paul of being bold in his letters, but weak in person (10:1; see also verse 10). They misinterpreted meekness and humility (see 1 Corinthians 2:3) as weakness. But Paul walked

11 in the meekness and gentleness of Christ (10:1). Christ was meek but not weak. Remember His cleansing the temple and condemnation of hypocrites? (Matthew 23; etc.). Paul had potent weapons at his disposal! (10:3-6). II. GOD-APPROVED SUCCESS IS NOT DEPENDENT UPON HUMAN METHODS (10:2b-6) We are engaged in a spiritual battle! (See also Ephesians 6:12.) Some, fearing that they may not win the battle, put their trust in fleshly, carnal methods (10:2-4). Human wisdom, secular attraction, and massive organization must not receive our trust. God s weapons are spiritual (Ephesians 6:10-18; Hebrews 4:12), but they are powerful (10:4-6), for they assure that God is on our side (Romans 8:31). III. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE IS NOT THE MOST IMPORTANT THING (10:7-12) Outward appearance was of chief importance to them (10:7); they made fun of Paul s appearance and preaching (10:10) while they apparently prided themselves on their appearance and eloquent speech (10:12; 11:13). Such superficial matters did not concern Paul at all; He was a Christian just as they were (10:7). He was speaking by Christ s authority and could back up his claims (10:8). If they insisted on it, he could be as bold in presence as in his letters! (10:9-11). IV. HUMAN MEASUREMENTS OF SUCCESS CAN BE MISLEADING (10:12-16) Instead of comparing themselves with Christ (Ephesians 4:13), they compared themselves with each other and thus were self-deceived (10:12). We can compare how we are doing individually, as a congregation or as a people, with others and either become proud or discouraged. The only important measurement is whether we are doing what God has told us to do. Paul had come to Corinth fulfilling His God-given commission; his critics came as trespassers (10:13-16). If we are fulfilling our commissions (given in the New Testament), we are a success! V. SELF-COMMENDATION IS SELF- CONDEMNATION (10:17, 18) To defend himself, Paul was forced to do some boasting (12:11). There are twenty references to boasting or glorying in three chapters. But his glorying (boasting) was in the Lord (10:17; see 12:9). The Lord commended Paul by being with him (12:12). God s approval is the one that counts in the long run! (10:18). Do we glory in the Lord? Sermon XV Will the Real Villains Please Stand Up? (2 Corinthians 11:1-33) For such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ (11:13). AUL has referred again and again to the Paccusations of his enemies (10:10). In chapter 11 he reveals them for what they really are (11:13). The Corinthians who followed these false teachers were exceedingly gullible, ready to fall for anything (11:20). We, too, can be deceived if we do not know what to look for. Here are some thoughts from chapter 11. I. FALSE TEACHERS BRING A NEW IMPROVED MESSAGE (11:1-4) Satan s subtle approach to Eve (11:3) involved three steps (Genesis 3): questioning God s commands, denying God s commands, and substituting for God s commands. God s way is simple (11:3); the new way is deep. Although these false teachers claimed to be Christians, in reality they brought (11:4) another Jesus, spirit, and gospel. II. FALSE TEACHERS STRESS METHOD OVER MESSAGE, STYLE OVER CONTENT, RHETORIC OVER REASON (11:6) III. FALSE TEACHERS DO NOT HESITATE TO MISREPRESENT FAITHFUL GOSPEL PREACHERS (11:7-12, 22) As we have seen, they accused Paul of being unreliable, a coward. Now they took his policy of not accepting pay from the Corinthians and suggested that this showed he was 11

12 base or worthless (11:7) that his practice showed that he realized he was not really what he claimed to be. This, they said, showed he did not love them (11:11) because he would not accept their help. Apparently, they also suggested that Paul was not a real Jew, as he claimed to be (11:22). IV. FALSE TEACHERS CAN APPEAR TO BE THE GREATEST OF SAINTS (11:5, 13-15) Some of the Corinthians apparently thought these teachers were super-apostles (11:5). But Paul strips them of their disguise. They are (11:13-15) false apostles, deceitful workers, and ministers of Satan. V. FALSE TEACHERS ARE OFTEN ADEPT AT PROMOTION OF SELF (11:18, 20) VI. FALSE TEACHERS PROMISE MUCH, BUT END UP TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THEIR FOLLOWERS (11:19-21a) The false teachers of Corinth brought their followers into bondage (the old law), depleted their resources (by demanding large salaries?), took advantage of them, were arrogant and proud, and even insulted them by striking them on the face (literally or figuratively). But apparently their deluded followers loved it! The best way to spot a counterfeit is to compare it with the real thing! (11:23-33). Sermon XVI Paul s Bragging Lesson (2 Corinthians 11:16 12:11) Again I say, let no one think me foolish; but if you do, receive me even as foolish, that I also may boast a little (11:16). S part of his defense, Paul was forced to A boast. This was probably one of the hardest (and most distasteful) things he ever did. Most of us tend to want to present ourselves in the best possible light. There are lessons all of us can learn from Paul s efforts at bragging. Paul would have us know: 12 I. BRAGGING IS ABOUT THE DUMBEST THING YOU CAN DO Paul calls it folly (11:1) and foolishness (11:17, 21) and indicates that anyone who engages in it is exceedingly foolish (11:16, 23). He stresses that such is not after the Lord (11:7), that is, it is not the Lord s usual way of handling a matter. The rule is that the Christian vaunteth not [himself], is not puffed up (1 Corinthians 13:4). II. BRAGGING SHOULD NOT BE ENGAGED IN FOR PERSONAL REASONS Paul was forced to do this (12:11). Sometimes it is necessary to answer a fool according to his folly (Proverbs 26:4, 5). Paul does not boast to defend himself, but rather because his mission and all that involved was at stake. Paul s purposes were to protect the Corinthians (11:2, 3; 12:19) and expose false teachers (11:18, 21). III. ON THE FEW OCCASIONS THAT IT IS NECESSARY, FOLLOW CERTAIN GUIDELINES Make sure you stick with facts (10:8, 13, 15; 11:31; 12:6). Beware of embellishment and exaggeration (12:6). Generally, avoid worldly standards of achievement. Speak of service (11:23a ff.), not success. Speak of caring (11:28, 29), not a career. Speak of weakness (11:30; 12:5, 9, 10), not winning. Speak of embarrassments (11:32, 33; 12:7-10), not exaltation (12:7). Play yourself down and the Lord up (10:17; Acts 14:27). Paul did not even name himself in 12:1-5. In and of himself he was nothing (12:11). It was the Lord who gave him revelations (12:1). It was the power of Christ that enabled him to continue on (12:9, 10). Learn from Paul s bragging lesson. Sermon XVII Good News, Bad News (2 Corinthians 11:23 12:10) Boasting is necessary, though it is not profitable; but I will go on to visions and revelations of the Lord (12:1). AUL is nearing the end of his defense Ptelling of his experiences, which are an im-

13 portant part of his credentials. As he tells about these, it is obvious that the life of a servant of God will always be good news, bad news the good and the bad working together for good (Romans 8:28). I. GOOD NEWS: WE CAN BE SERVANTS OF THE LORD! (11:23a). What a glorious thought! II. BAD NEWS: IT HURTS TO BE A CONSCIENTIOUS SERVANT OF THE LORD (11:23-33) It hurts physically (11:23-27). It hurts emotionally. You will sometimes have a heartache if you really care (11:28, 29). Embarrassment will come on many occasions (11:32, 33). III. GOOD NEWS: GOD BLESSES THE FAITHFUL SERVANT (12:1-5) Paul was blessed with a vision of the spiritual world that has been granted to few. He has not promised to bless us in the same way, but He does bestow on us marvellous blessings: sonship, His Spirit to help us, the hope of heaven, etc.! IV. BAD NEWS: GOD ALLOWS PROBLEMS IN OUR LIVES SO WE WILL NOT BECOME PROUD (12:7; Hebrews 12:5-11; Job) Paul had a thorn in the flesh. (See also Galatians 4:13.) We are not sure what it was. Maybe this is so we can all identify with Paul s situation. Christians are not immune from problems. V. GOOD NEWS: WE HAVE THE PRIVILEGES OF PRAYER (12:8) We can go to a loving Father about our problems. He has promised to hear and answer our prayers. Paul was persistent in his prayers; we should be too (Luke 11:8, 9; Hebrews 5:7). VI. BAD NEWS: GOD WILL NOT ALWAYS SAY YES TO OUR PETITIONS (12:9a) After Paul prayed so fervently, he still had his thorn in the flesh. There are times when a yes is not possible and/or desirable. It may not be best for us and/or the over-all purpose of God. If we fail to realize this, we can become very disillusioned. VII. GOOD NEWS: GOD MAY SAY HERE IS SOMETHING BETTER (12:9, 10) God did not remove Paul s thorn, but rather gave him the strength to bear it. This provided a double blessing (1:4). Thus, Paul did not merely endure his problem; he glorified in it for it gave God the opportunity to work in his life. The Christian who learns to live happily with God s arrangements for life lives the vicarious life! Be prepared for the good news and the bad news! Sermon XVIII Ready or Not, Here I Come (2 Corinthians 12:12 13:14) Here for this third time I am ready to come to you, and I will not be a burden to you; for I do not seek what is yours, but you; for children are not responsible to save up for their parents, but parents for their children (12:14). S Paul wraps up this letter, he stresses that Ahe will be coming soon (12:14, 20, 21; 13:1, 2). He fears when he comes, that they will not be ready for his coming (12:20, 21; 13:2). But, ready or not, he is coming! His final instructions tell them how to get ready, so that his coming will be a happy, not a sad, occasion (13:10). I. ONE FOR THE MONEY (12:12-18) Some matters concerning Paul and money and the Corinthian s attitudes needed to be cleared up before he came. The charge persisted (started by his enemies) that some way or another Paul had taken advantage of the Corinthians monetarily. But Paul continued to insist that in his relationships with them, he had only given; he had not taken. All the power of his apostleship had been demonstrated among them (12:12); they were not inferior to any church in spiritual blessings bestowed (12:13a). He had not been a burden to them (in taking support) in the past (12:13b), nor did he intend to be in the future (12:14a). As their spiritual father (1 Corinthians 4:14, 15), this was the right course (12:14b); he was ready to make any sacrifice for them (12:15b). Well, his enemies conceded, maybe he didn t take money 13

14 directly from you, but you can be sure he got it by some trickery (12:16) probably through his co-workers (12:17). This may have reference to the collection from Jerusalem. Paul shows how ridiculous such a charge was (12:18). II. TWO FOR THE SHOW (12:19 13:4) They needed to show they had repented so Paul would not have to show his apostolic authority. Paul loved them (12:19). His defense was for their benefit, not his own. Paul was fearful lest the sins he had condemned in 1 Corinthians would still prevail when he came (12:20) and he would be humbled by having to discipline them (12:21). Although he was reluctant to thus use his authority (13:10), he would not hesitate to do so if such was needed (13:2). His enemies kept crying for a proof of his Christ-given authority (13:3a). If repentance was not forthcoming they would have a demonstration they would regret. III. THREE TO MAKE READY (13:5-10) The way to make ready was to examine themselves (and make any needed changes) before Paul arrived. Each man needed to examine himself, test himself by the Word of God ( the faith ) (13:5). If one s life was not right, he was reprobate (had failed the test) (13:5-7). What a terrible thought. The Corinthians were in Paul s prayers (13:7a, 9b). He was concerned about them. The important thing, to Paul, was not that he should appear approved to men but that the Corinthians should be approved in God s sight (13:6-9). IV. FOUR TO GO (13:11-14) Though Paul had not spared them, he leaves them with the tenderest of closing words, including the most meaningful blessings (13:11): be happy, be mature, be encouraged, be united, and be in peace. This is the most marvellous benediction one could give (13:14). Let us have the same respect and care for each other as Paul had for the Corinthians. Copyright, 1986, 2005 by Truth for Today ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 14