Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus. (vs 1)

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1 2 TIMOTHY 1 MAINTAIN THE TRUTH I INTRODUCTION A. APOSTLE Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, according to the promise of life which is in Christ Jesus. (vs 1) 1. WILL OF GOD Paul once again speaks of himself as a representative of the Lord Jesus Christ. He has been sent as a special ambassador of Christ to bring the message of truth to a lost and dying world. He belongs to Christ and functions in the high office committed to him by Jesus. He did not choose this position. He has it by the will of God. It is God who sets in the body as it pleases Him. Paul was persuaded that he was commissioned as an apostle. The commission was apart of the manifestation of the will of God. Will = thelema = a desire that comes from ones emotional nature. This is in contrast to Boule a desire that comes from the rational process. 2. PROMISE His apostleship came from the promise of life. If such a promise had not existed there would have been no apostleship. It is the promise of life, not just eternal existence but life filled with satisfaction and fulfillment. Life with the capital L. Paul who was now facing execution draws attention to the promise of life that is indestructible. This life flows from or is in Christ. This life is centred in Him. It is His atonement and intercession that brings salvation and life. Only in Him do we possess that life. B. SON 1. BELOVED To Timothy, my delay beloved son, Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord (vs2). ú In the first book he addressed Timothy in endearing terms, here he does so again. Timothy is called the dearly beloved son. Facing death, Paul recalls with joy his association with Timothy. Their lives have been so entwined since Paul took him onto his team. He had been a loyal and faithful worker, dedicated to serve Christ and Paul. Paul deeply appreciated this young man. Child = teknon = child, it is a term of affection even when referring to adults. 2. GIFT

2 Paul desires that Timothy be blessed with the gift of God's favour. Grace is prayed upon him. That is God's unmerited, pardoning and transforming favour is to be his sustenance. Mercy, that is the warm and tender affection, shown to one in a difficult situation is his desire for Timothy. The blessing that is founded in grace and mercy is peace. Peace flows from the fact of reconciliation to God because of the mediatorial work of Christ. The source of it all is God who is the Father of us all, and Christ who earned the benefits of salvation for us. II TIMOTHY A. PRAYER I thank{present - active indicative} God, whom I serve from my forefathers with pure conscience, that without ceasing I have remembrance of thee in my prayers night and day; (vs 3) The expression of thanksgiving is common to Paul in his writings. He was a man of gratefulness. He was appreciative not only of the grace of God to him, but also for people like Timothy who stood by him. It is significant that Paul was thankful on this occasion. He was in a dark, damp prison cell awaiting death. The temptation to complain would present itself. Most of us would have been filled with complaints. Paul maintained his victory and continued to be a man of praise and thankfulness. The expression in the Greek could be translated I am constantly thanking God. He thinks of his heritage. His forefathers served the same God. Christianity was not a new religion but the outgrowth and fulfillment of the revelation of the Old Testament. Paul served God with a faith that came from his ancestors. His faith had its roots in their religion and so his was similar to theirs. He served God with a pure conscience. Rome had burned in AD 64 and the Christians were being blamed. This was to cover the deficiencies of the government. Nero was strongly suspected of burning the city because he desired to rebuild it. The accusation against and persecution of the Christians was to divert attention away from him. Paul, could say he had a pure conscience, regardless of the accusations made against him. They could contaminate his conscience with their false accusations. Serve = latreuo = to render religious service. {serve for hire, serve, minister to gods or men, used of slaves and freemen -present - active - indicative}paul was thinking of the religious consciousness inherited from his ancestors. He also had in view the continuing revelation God as expanded and revealed more fully in the New Testament. Paul continually remembers Timothy in his prayers. He is expressing his affection for the younger man. More than that He is also implying that when he thinks of Timothy he views him as a man who served God with a pure conscience. His love for Timothy is expressed in the idea of his prayers as being continual. It is more than a casual mention of Timothy but a supplication on his behalf. Prayers = deesis = a wanting, a need, asking, entreaty, supplication. In the New Testament it is always addressed to God. In the R.V. it is always translated supplications. B. DESIRE

3 Greatly desiring {long for, pursue with love, to long after, from a word = to yearn -present - active - participle} to see thee, being mindful of thy tears, that I may be filled with joy; (vs 4). Paul has a great desire to see Timothy before he was executed. It was a deep longing that was increased from within. He recalled the tears of Timothy, probably over his departure the last time he separated from Timothy. Perhaps Paul himself had wept but no mention is made of that here. The tears of Timothy had shown his wholehearted devotion to Paul. When they parted Paul was a free man but danger lie ahead and there was always the possibility they would not meet again. This affection displayed by Timothy for his mentor, moved Paul to great desire to see him again. Being mindful = hupomnesis = to cause to remember, put in mind. {recall or return to ones mind, to remind oneself of -perfect - passive - participle} It is the recollection brought about by a person or thing. C. DEPOSIT When I call to remembrance the unfeigned faith that is in thee, which dwelt first in thy grandmother Lois, and thy mother Eunice, and I am persuaded that in thee also. (vs 5). Another thing that increased the desire of Paul to see Timothy was the remembering of his sincere and unwavering faith. Paul in this time of facing death desired to be refreshed by the faith of his younger follower. The reference to his grandmother and mother show that Timothy was shaped at least to some degree by his heritage. The faith of his maternal ancestors was passed on to him. Their faith was more than a Jewish faith, rather it was faith in Christ as the fulfillment of the promises of the Old Covenant. Timothy's mother is called a believer in Acts 16:1. Unfeigned = anupokritos = from the verb hupokrinomai = to judge under, to act beneath a disguise. = pretense, hypocrisy with the negative a = without pretense or hypocrisy. {undisguised, sincere - aorist - active - indicative = action not continuous does not specify the time of the action relative to the time of speaking} Greek actors were called hupokrites.dwell in = enoikeo = to dwell in, in a metaphorical sense to dwell in one and influence him for good. Oikod = a home, Oikeo = to live a home The faith that was dwelling in Timothy was a supernatural faith that was at home in him and held control over his life. III SERVICE A. REMEMBER 1. GIFT Wherefore I put thee in remembrance that thou stir up the gift of God, which is in thee by the putting on of my hands. (vs 6). Timothy was once again encouraged to give attention to the ministry and gifts which had been entrusted to him. It would seem that the operation of the gifts in his life were being fading out. This is understandable from a human perspective for we have read that Timothy suffered physical ailments, he was naturally timid, he was young and the false teachers at Ephesus were determined. Add to this the fact that all believers faced

4 persecution. It would be very easy under those circumstances to see the fire die down and the ember almost go out. He was a man of faith but needed to stir up that which God had deposited. The dying down of the flame does not mean he had lost all interest in the ministry. He simply needed to have the fire increased. It was a crucial time in history. Paul was about to be taken from the scene. Timothy would be left to carry on where Paul had left off. He had received the gift through impartation when Paul laid hands on him. That gift must not be quenched but fanned to a glow hot fire. Stir up = anazopureo = ana = again, zoe = life, pur = fire = to kindle anew, rekindle, resuscitate.{inflame ones mind, strength, zeal - present - active - infinitive} It is in the present tense which speaks of progressive, continuous action. It can be translated keep blazing, keep stirring up. It does not mean the zeal of Timothy had grown cold but rather he was to keep on pressing in and stirring up the gift. 2. BOLDNESS For God hath not given {aorist - active - indicative}us the spirit {pneuma} of fear, but of power{dunamis} and of love,{agape} and of a sound mind (vs 7) There is a difference among commentators as to whether or not the spirit should be capitalized. The use of power, love and a sound mind with the word spirit causes some to feel that it is not the Holy Spirit being mentioned. Others point out that there other cases where similar usage is used and it obviously refers to the Holy Spirit, (Jn.14:17; 15:26; 16:13). The thought of this verse seems to be that Timothy is to resist his tendency toward timidity. The Spirit of God has not given that fearfulness but rather power, love and a sound mind. Draw on the power of that Spirit, realizing He has and is willing to give what is needed. Fear = deilia = fearfulness, timidity.{cowardice, always used in a bad sense} There seems to have been an element of fear in the disposition of Timothy. This fear would hinder his efficiency as a leader in the church. He needed a force of character, which if it was natural to him, would be drawn out by the sense of his divine call. He also needed love, and a self-discipline. Love = agapao = God kind of love {brotherly love, affection, good will, benevolence, love feasts} Power = dunamis = ability, power might, especially inherent power.{natural ability general and inherent, residing by virtue of its nature} Sound mind = sophronismos = sophron = saving the mind, from saos or sos = safe, and phren, the mind therefore soundness of mind or self control.{moderation} 3. PARTAKER Be not thou therefore ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me His prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the gospel according to the power {dunamis} of God; (vs 8). ú Timothy like us today is not to be ashamed of the testimony of the Lord. That pride is to be taken in the gospel. Neither was he to be like those who had turned away from Paul.

5 Paul was after all not a prisoner of Rome or Nero but a prisoner of Christ. It may have been a Roman prison but Paul was under the authority and command of Jesus Christ, therefore was His prisoner, not Rome's. There is no shame, when the servant of the Lord has faithfully lived and proclaimed the word of God, then imprisoned for that action Timothy was to be quick to take up the challenge of the gospel. he was to be a partaker of suffering accompanying the gospel. God's power was sufficient to strengthen him in difficult circumstances. Therefore he was to continue as he had in the past, being a faithful servant of Jesus Christ. Be not ashamed does not imply that Timothy had joined the others in being ashamed. If he had been ashamed of Christ or Paul, the apostle would have used the present imperative in speaking to Timothy. When it is with the negative it forbids continuing in a present action. He uses the aorist subjunctive which with the negative forbids the doing of an act not yet started. Be thou partaker of afflictions = sugkakopatheo = sun = with, patheo = to suffer, kakos = evil therefore to suffer hardships together with one.{aorist - active - imperative} The sufferings were those that were natural with the preaching of the gospel. He can endure this suffering because of the power of God provides the enabling ability. B. SAVIOUR 1. PURPOSE Who hath saved us, and called us{aorist - active - participle}with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began. (vs9). God has saved us and delivered us from the greatest of all evils. He has brought us to a place of the greatest of all blessings. The result of that salvation was the effective call of the gospel. The call is holy because the God of the call is holy. It is also a call to move into His holiness in our lives. The calling had nothing to do with merit or good works. It is a calling based in His purpose and His grace. The purpose and the grace were given before the foundation of the world{i.e. eternity}. Paul continually, in his epistles emphasizes that salvation is not based on personal achievements or worth but purely on the sovereign purpose of God. Salvation is also founded on His grace. If it is grace then there can be no works attached to it. The nature of grace is that it is a gift and therefore cannot be earned. Before time began we were already a part of the purposes of His grace. Saved us = tou sosantos, an article and a participle. The participle is in the aorist tense so refers to an act of saving to a certain point in time.{aorist - active - participle} God called us and saved us to a certain point in time therefore that should strengthen our faith in His willingness to continue His gifts of grace upon us. Holy Calling = klesis hagia = a calling to, an invitation.{a vocation} It is not only God's call to a holy life but to a holy life one is expected to live. According to = kata = down with the idea of dominion or control. Salvation is not dominated by the works of the sinner. Works do not enter the picture when it comes to the gift of salvation. It is controlled by the purpose of God in salvation. The purpose is according to the good pleasure of His will, (Eph.1:5). If the sinner could earn it he would be glorified. Salvation must be a free gift of His grace.

6 Before the world began = pro chronon aionion = before eternal times. That is it was before the time when time was considered in aeon or cycles. Therefore it was before the creation of the universe. The grace was given in God's decree, because it could not have been given to the sinner actually because he did not yet exist. 2. MANIFEST But is now made manifest by the appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel: (vs 10) The purpose and grace of God, was given before the foundation of the world. There was a measure of revelation under the Old Covenant. It took the manifestation of the Saviour to bring it to the full light of day. The Sun of righteousness rose with healing in His wings (Mal.4:2). He brought the dawning of a new day in which life and immortality was brought into the light of that day. He completely defeated death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. In defeating death, He freed the believer from the danger of eternal death. It no longer exists for those who turn to Him. Spiritual death is progressively driven back as the believer follows God in this life. It is finally defeated in totality when the believer leaves this life and moves into the presence of Christ. He brought immortality to light by His resurrection. He did not see corruption. Physical death was robbed of its curse and immortality is the glorious anticipation of the believer. Because He lives we shall live also. Not just an eternal existence but eternal life to its fullest. Immortality is also brought to light because of this promise given to us in the gospel. It is a promise of life here and now. We have this great blessing of immortality in principle. It will be further developed when we pass into eternity and brought to its fullest development when Jesus comes again. Immortality and eternal salvation is an inheritance, of which we have only the down payment now, but will be fully ours when we reach the eternal realms. Made manifest = to make manifest or visible, or known that which has been hidden or unknown.{phanero = make actual and visible, realize - aorist - passive - participle} The word here refers back to the words purpose and grace. Appearing = epiphaneia = to shine forth {brightness}. It was a word used by the Greeks of the glorious appearance of a Greek god {especially of their advent to help}. It is used in other places in the New Testament for the second coming of Christ but here it refers to His first advent Abolished = katargeo = to render idle, unemployed, inactive, inoperative, to bring to naught, make of none effect. Immortality = aphtharsia = incorruptible, perpetuity. Brought to light = photizo = to cause something to exist, thus come to light, become clear to all.{aorist - active - participle} C. APPOINTED

7 Whereunto I am appointed{tithemi = to set, put in place, place or lay down, establish, ordain aorist - passive - indicative} a preacher, and an apostle, and a teacher of the Gentiles. (vs 11). Paul reflects on the gospel which promises the blessing of God to those who by faith receive it. He is thankful that he has the privilege of being one who presents it. He is a preacher or herald. As the herald he is to announce it loud and clear, proclaiming the good news to all who are around him. He is also an apostle so he must present only those words that he has been commanded. He can do only what he has been instructed to do. He, as the teacher must carefully instruct the hearers in regard to the truths of the gospel. He must build, instruct and admonish them to continue in faith and obedience to the word they have received. Preacher = kerux = a herald {vested with public authority}. It was the name given to the Imperial Herald, who made a public proclamation of the message of the Emperor. He did it with formality, dignity, and authority therefore it must be listened to. D. PERSUADED For which cause I also suffer {present - active - indicative}these things; nevertheless I am not ashamed:{present - active indicative} for I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed unto Him against that day. (v 12) It is for the cause of the gospel that Paul is in the Roman prison. He is in a dismal underground dungeon. The only light and air comes from a hole in the ceiling. He is facing the possibility of execution as a criminal. Still he is not ashamed. In stating this he is encouraging Timothy as he did in verse 8 not to be ashamed either. Paul was not ashamed, he had not done anything of which to be ashamed. He had joined the ranks of those Old and New Testament saints who had suffered for the cause of truth and righteousness. The worldly dishonour was in actuality the highest place of honour. Paul could face these things with confidence because He was sure of God, and the gospel. He had placed his trust in God as He is revealed in Christ. He was convinced not only of his redemption but of the power, love and faithfulness of God. God was the one who guards the deposit not Paul. Paul, his life, soul and eternal salvation was deposited and guarded by God Himself. Nothing and no one could successfully attack and undermine that which Paul had committed to God. His full trust in God and the immutability of His nature gave Paul the confidence he needed to face his present difficult circumstances and his pending death. Know = oida = absolute, beyond a peradventure of a doubt knowledge.{to see with the minds eye, signifies a clear and purely mental conception - perfect - active - indicative} It is not ginosko which is a experiential knowledge. Here the word is the stronger one and is a knowledge of what God is in Himself which makes Him absolutely reliable in any and all circumstances. I have believed = perfect tense therefore a believing with the present result that faith is firmly settled. His faith was firmly {pisteo = to think to be true, be persuaded of, confidence in - perfect - active - indicative} set as Weust says " It is like hammering a nail through a board and clinching it on the other side" (The Pastoral Epistles pg.123).

8 Persuaded = perfect tense = settled persuasion concerning a matter and it was fixed and unmovable.{peitho = persuade, trust, have confidence - perfect - passive - indicative} Able = dunatos (in the verb form means to be able, to have power) in verb form can have a stronger meaning such as mighty, or mighty one. Paul uses the word here as something more than ability to do something. It is a might and resident power in One who has the ability to do what He is trusted to do. Keep = phulasso = to guard, defend, keep, watch, in a military sense.{indicates safe custody and often implies assault from without aorist - active - infinitive} Committed = paratithemi = to place beside, to deposit, to entrust, commit to one's charge.{consign to ones faithful keeping} IV FAITHFUL A. HOLD FAST Hold fast {present - active - imperative} the form of sound words, which thou has heard of me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus (v 13). Timothy was going to remain to carry on the work that Paul had started. He was to follow the example laid down by Paul. The apostle had formed the outline and now Timothy was to fill in the details. He was to continue in the pattern given to him in the words of Paul. The words of Paul were to be his example and he was to hold fast to those words. The emphasis here seems to be on the sound words or teaching of Paul as opposed to the errors of the law-teachers at Ephesus. The modern idea that it is not important what you believe as long as you are sincere or serious about is opposed to the teaching of the pastoral epistles. Their message is maintain sound words or sound doctrine. The message is vital and the spirit in which one deals with truth and imparts it to others is important. Faith and love centred in Christ is vital to holding fast to sound words. There must be faith in God, and love toward Him and the fellow believers. Clearly it all is in Christ. He is the one who is to have preeminence in all things. Form = hupotuposis = hupo = under, tupos = representation, or pattern therefore an outline or a sketch. It was the impression left by a seal, the effect of a blow or pressure, an engraved mark a pattern, a model. Used as a metaphor tupos is a cast or frame into which a molten material is poured. As a noun it could also mean a blow, being used of the beat of horses hoofs. The thought is that he is to maintain the doctrinal phraseology received from the apostle. The same special words are to be used so that doctrinal statements remain true and become the pattern for future teachers and preachers. B. KEEP The good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Holy Ghost that dwelleth in us. (v14) The deposit that has been place within you is to be guarded and kept with all diligence. The sound words of the gospel and the doctrines resulting from it must be maintained.

9 He must defend it against all and every attack and not permit it to be changed even in the minutest way. He is not left to defend the deposit of truth on his own. He is weak and subject to failure. However the Holy Spirit dwells within. He is the power that enables one to be faithful to the truth. Timothy should be like Paul and hold faithful to the pure gospel, and sound doctrine. Keep = phulasso = to guard, watch, defend.{preserve safe, indicates safe custody and often implies assault from without - aorist - active - imperative} Dwelleth = enoikeo = en = in, oikeo = to be at home therefore to dwell in one and influence him for good.{perfect - active - participle} Paul's thought is that the expected attitude of the believer is that one is to be yielded to the leading of the Holy Spirit. Such an attitude makes Him feel at home in the heart of the believer where He can work the work of sanctification unrestrained. V REJECTED A. TURNED This thou knowest, that all they which are in Asia be turned away from me; of whom are Phygellus and Hermogenes. (v 15) Timothy was living in the Roman province of Asia so he was aware of the fact that many had turned against Paul. Some commentators suggest that several leading Christians in Asia (which had Ephesus for its capital) had been asked by Paul to come to Rome to witness in his favour. It seems that they refused to come, perhaps out of fear. There were exceptions which he goes on to mention but at the moment he felt he was standing alone. It is also possible that many felt that Paul deserved what was happening. He had been in their eyes intolerant. He had stirred up people all over Asia. He insistence on defending the gospel against errors had brought him enemies. Therefore for doctrinal reasons they rejected him and left him to fend for himself. Two of these are Phygellus and Hermogenes, two people undoubtedly known to Timothy. They are not mentioned elsewhere in the Scriptures so they are unknown to us. B. ACCEPTED 1. REFRESHED The Lord have mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus; for he oft refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain: (v 16) ú Paul had listed examples that Timothy should follow. There was his grandmother Lois and his mother Eunice. Paul himself was a pattern that Timothy could emulate. One other character that was worthy of imitation was Onesiphorus. He was a man true to his name who brought profit as a messenger of cheer and courage. He was the one significant exception to those who had turned from Paul. He came to Paul, whether at Paul's request or on his own, to strengthen and encourage him We are not certain as to why Paul mentions the household of Onesiphorus rather than just the man himself. One suggestion is that have come to Paul's defense he was now under arrest so Paul was expressing concern for his family. Another suggestion is that

10 Paul knowing that Onesiphorus leaving the relative safety of Ephesus and coming to Rome was a cause of concern for the friends and family. They willingly let him go but deserved special mention because of the trial they were experiencing. A third suggestion is that Onesiphorus had already been executed. He had come to Rome for Paul and was now dead. Paul then prays for his household. The problem with this view is that it seem strange that Paul would not mention the death of this individual who had been so important to him. The fact that there are these possibilities show that we are working with theory rather than verifiable fact. Refreshed = anapsucho = to cool again, to cool off. {recover from effects of eat, to recover breathe, take air,. revive, refresh - aorist - active indicative} It was a good word to use to express the comfort Onesiphorus brought to the apostle who was suffering the uncomfortableness of the Roman prison. Chain = halusis = a manacle or handcuff. {band by which the body or any part thereof is bound} Paul was handcuffed to a Roman soldier twenty four hours a day. This did not prevent Onesiphorus from coming at grave personal danger to minister to Paul. 2. SOUGHT But, when he was in Rome, he sought{zeteo = seek in order to find, seek or strive after - aorist - active - indicative} me out very diligently, and found {come upon, hit upon, to meet with, after searching to find thing sought -aorist - active - indicative} me. (v17) Onesiphrous as soon as he arrived at Rome began a careful and diligent search for Paul. We do not know why the diligent search was required. It could have been because Onesiphorus was unfamiliar with Rome, he may not have been there before, even if he had it had been burned and reconstructed so things were different. There is a possibility that the place of Paul's imprisonment was not even known to the Roman Christians. Persecution had devastated their numbers and there would be a certain amount of confusion and uncertainty. In addition they would be wary of any stranger and reticent to acknowledge their knowledge or relationship to this Christian prisoner. Whatever the reason for the requirement of the diligent search Onesiphorus did not give up until he found Paul. Even when he found the prison it would not be easy to gain access to Paul. He persisted until he prevailed. Very diligently = spoudaios = diligence which is more than could be looked for or expected. An extra ordinary diligence and persistence. 3. MINISTERED The Lord grant unto him that he may find mercy of the Lord in that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, thou knowest very well. (v 18) ú Reviewing the service of this faithful servant of God, Paul expresses his prayer for the same kind of refreshing for Onesiphorus. Jesus had said that a cup of cold water given in the name of a prophet would receive a prophet's reward. He also said in measure

11 you mete it out it is to be measured to you again. Onesiphorus had been very generous in his meting out to Paul. Paul now prays that such mercy will be returned to him in the day of judgment. The phraseology here does not necessarily mean Onesiphorus was dead. Paul often spoke of wishing eschatological blessing upon those still living, (1 The.5:23b). Onesiphorus had ministered to Paul recently in Rome. He had however ministered to him many times at Ephesus. Timothy had seen this at it was a good example to him. Very well = beltion = better The thought is that Timothy knew even better than Paul all the things Onesiphorus had done for Paul a Ephesus. Timothy was the pastor of the church there and so was fully aware of the services of Onesiphorus on behalf of Paul. intimate and reciprocal relationship - used of pupils and disciples because the teachers nurtued the minds of their pupils, and moulded their character. Grace = charis = that which affords joy, pleasure, dlight, sweetnss, charm, lovliness = goodwil, lovingkindness, favour Lois = agreeable Eunice = good victory! I am persuaded = perfect - passive - indicative [perfect - once for al cation in the past not needed to be repeated, inidative = completeness of the action], or final results] His own = pertaining to ones self, belonging to ones self! purpose = prothesis = a setting forth of a thing, placing it in view, shewbread! given us = aorist - passive - participle chronos = time in general - aionios = without beginning and end - always has been and alway will be, gives prominence to the immeasurablness of eternity have brought = photizo = to give light to, to shine, enlighten, light up, illumine, to cause something to exist and thus come to the light and become clear to all sound = hugianio = to be well, good healthm, free from any mixture of error - present - active - participle! have heard = aorist - active - indicative turned away = apostrepho - to remove anything from anyone, to turn away allegiance to anyone, tempt to defect, desert, - aorist - passsive - indicative ashamed = aorist - active - indicative uy{: Ëer we get a grip on eternal life. The verb is in aorist imperative which indicates a single act rather a process. The reference is to the habitual act of fighting the good fight. It doesn't consider the process but emphasizes the result.

12 Paul is no questioning that Timothy has eternal life. There is no question in the apostle's mind but that Timothy is redeemed. The result of that is eternal in eternity which is the reward after the conflict is finished.