PROSPECTUS SERIES OF CHRISTIAN BIOGRAPHY.

Transcription

1 PROSPECTUS OF A SERIES OF CHRISTIAN BIOGRAPHY. IN no branch of devotional literature is the Church of England so deficient, as in Biography. Indeed, she can be said to possess but one single standard Volume of the kind and that but ill adapted to the unlearned reader: we allude, of course, to Walton's Lives. Whether we look to the Fathers of the Primitive and undivided Church; or to those great and good men by whom the Gospel was brought into this land: to those wha have toiled and suffered in its defence in every age; or to those who in the privacy of their own homes have lived the most saintly lives among us, there is no accessible record concerning them which we can place in the hands of our people. Particular Schools and parties, within or without the Church* have not indeed been insensible to the benefits to be derived from this kind of literature. But the Church of England in her comprehensive historical form has a Biography yet to make. From the sources above referred to it will be the object

2 2 of the present undertaking to provide a series of interesting Biographical Sketches for general reading. There will also be added a few names of recent times, taken from other branches of the Church, as e.g. Nikon Patriarch of Russia, and the Founder of " The Christian Brothers." But these will be treated without any" leaning to the peculiarities of faith or practice which they may exhibit, diverse from the standard of the English Church, but simply as examples of that personal holiness and self-denial which is characteristic of the Christian Saint in all ages and countries, and which it will be the object of the Series to commemorate, rather than greatness of ecclesiastical rank or social station. The subjoined names occur at once as deserving notice; and the Editor will be glad to have others suggested to him, or to receive offers of literary co-operation from any who are willing and qualified to assist. NICHOLAS FERRAR BISHOP KEN ARCHBISHOP LAUD JEAN BAPTIST DE SALLE ALCUIN BEDE A. BONWICK NIKON DE RENTY MADELEINE BISHOP JOLLY JOHN BOLD H. MARTYN S. ATHANASIUS S. BONIFACE MARY OP MODENA HAMMOND BERNARD OVERBERG. *5j.* It is proposed that the volumes should vary in size and price. LONDON: JOSEPH MASTERS, ALDERSGATE STREET, AND NEW BOND STREET.

3 ^>«^«"tf *.* - =-V A LIFE NICHOLAS FERRAR.

4 This Life is abridged from the Memoirs of Nicholas Ferrar, by Dr. P. Peckard, which were firifl: published A,D

5 LIFE NICHOLAS FERRAR. London : Printed and fold by JOSEPH MASTERS, Alderfgate, Alfo at 78, New Bond Street, Weftminfter

6 .1

7 THE LIFE OF NICHOLAS FERRAR. A 1 V HESE pages contain only the private A virtues of a private man; of a man endued indeed with abilities to have adorned the higher! ftation, but of humility hardly to be found in the lower!; of a man devoting himfelf as it were from very infancy to the adoration of GOD, and perfifting with unremitting ardour in that folemn dedication of his faculties to the laft moment of his life. Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, though not of exalted rank himfelf, was of a family highly refpeclable for that real merit which furpaftes antiquity of defcent or nobility of title, a family illuftrious for virtue. Nor B was ow/f- TT f &k

8 4 The Life of in charity towards man, or piety towards GOD. This worthy couple lived together many years in harmony and happinefs, perfecting their holinefs in the fear of GOD, and in the confcientious practice of every duty. They faw defcended from them a numerous, and a virtuous family, of whofe education they took uncommon care. They did not fpoil their children by abfolutely fparing the rod, but what occafional feverity they judged to be neceffary was fo foftened by tendernefs and affection, as to produce not only the fear of doing amifs, but the love of doing well. And certainly the fame method would even in the prefent age produce beneficial, or prevent pernicious, effects. When moral difcipline, as in thefe our days, is neglected, we have reafon to look forward to the worft confequences. And when reprehension is joined with aufterity it always fails of its pretended purpofe ; but when it plainly appears to proceed from affection, there is fcarce a difpontion to be found fo obftinate that it will not foon become tractable. The little inftances of corrective difcipline exercifed by thefe affectionate parents, in the beginning of the feventeenth century, would perhaps

9 Nicholas Ferrar. 5 perhaps excite the derifion of the faftidious reader; they are therefore omitted. Neverthelefs they were well calculated to imprefs the tender mind with a reverential awe for the Supreme Being; with obedience to parents and inftruclors ; with univerfal and difinterefted benevolence ; with modefty, with humility, and a proper fenfe of fubordination ; with an abhorrence of all vice, but particularly of every fpecies of falfehood. Thus did their cenfures tend to form and produce virtuous and valuable citizens. The children born to thefe virtuous parents were 1. Sufanna, married to Mr. Collet of Bourne Bridge, in Cambridgeihire, by whom he had eighteen children. 2. John, who married, flrft, Anne, daughter of William Shepherd, Efquire, of Great RoUwright in the county of Oxford ; by whom he had no iftue : fecondly, Bathfheba, daughter of Ifrael Owen, of London, Gentleman, by whom he had iftue, Mary, who died young, Nicholas, John, and Virginia. 3. Erafmus, a Barrifter of Law. 4. Nicholas, the fubjecl: of thefe memoirs, 5. William, a Barrifter. 6. Rich-

10 6 The Life of 6. Richard, a Merchant of London ; and feveral daughters who all died young. They were all conftantly trained in virtue and religion. Their daily practice was to read, and to fpeak by memory fome portion of the, Scriptures, and parts of the book of martyrs : they were alfo made acquainted with fuch paflages of hiftory as were fuited to their tender years. They were all inftructed in mufic ; in performing on the organ, viol, and lute, and in the theory and practice of ringing ; in the learned and modern languages ; in curious needleworks, and all the accomplishments of that time. The young men, when arrived at years of difcretion, had permiflion each to choofe his profeflion, and then no expenfe was fpared to bring him to a diftinguimed excellence in it. For this was an invariable maxim with the parents, that having laid a firm foundation in religion and virtue, they would rather give them a good education without wealth, than wealth without a good education. The parifh church and chancel of S. Bennet Sherhog in London, Mr. Ferrar repaired and decently feated at his own expenfe ; and as there was not any morning preacher

11 Nicholas Ferrar. 7 preacher there, he brought from the country Mr. Francis White, and made him their firft lecturer. Mr. White was afterwards advanced to the See of Ely. When a ftranger preached, Mr. Ferrar always invited him to dinner, and if it was difcovered that he was in any neceffity, he never departed without a handfome prefent. In truth they never were without a Clergyman as a companion in their houie, or even on their journeys, as they always accuftomed themfelves to morning and evening prayer. Nicholas Ferrar, the third fon of this worthy couple, was born the 22nd, and chriftened the 23rd, of February, 1592, in the parifh of S. Mary Stayning in Mark Lane, London. His Godfathers do not appear. His Godmother was a Mrs. Riggs, wife to Captain Riggs, who recommended herfelf highly to the efteem of Queen Elizabeth, by an heroic act which fhe performed upon the feaihore at Dover, in He was a beautiful child of a fair complexion, and light coloured hair. At four years of age he was fent to fchool, being of a tractable difpofition and lively parts. At five

12 The Life of five he could read perfectly, or repeat with propriety and grace a chapter in the Bible, which the parents made the daily exercife of their children. By the brightnefs of his parts, and the uncommon ftrength of his memory, he attained with great eafe and quicknefs whatfoever he fet himfelf to learn ; yet was he alfo remarkably ftudious ; being a rare inftance of the union of the brighter!: parts with the moil intenfe induftry. He was particularly fond of all hiftorical relations, and when engaged in this fort of reading, the day did not fatisfy him, but he would borrow from the night; infomuch that his mother would frequently feek him out, and force him to partake of fome proper recreation. Hence, even in his childhood, his mind was fo furnifhed with hiftorical anecdotes, that he could at any time draw off his fchoolfellows from their play, who would eagerly fur round him, and with the utmoft attention liften to his little tales, always calculated to infpire them with a love of piety and goodnefs, and excite in them a virtuous imitation. When he was very young he was entered into Latin at London, at the deftre of his mafter, though others thought it too foon : but

13 Nicholas Ferrar. 9 but he was fo eager and diligent in his application that he foon furpafted all his companions. He was of a grave difpofition, and very early mowed a great diflike of every thing that favoured of worldly vanity. In his apparel he wifhed to be neat, but refufed all that was not iimple and plain. When bands were making for the children, he earneftly entreated his mother that his might not have any lace upon them, like thofe of his brothers, but be made little and plain, like thofe of Mr. Wotton, " for I wifh to be a preacher as he is." Mr. Wotton was a.learned Divine, and reader of Divinity in Grefham College. He was frequently at Mr. Ferrar's, and always examined and exercifed young Nicholas, being wonderfully delighted with his ingenuity. He was good natured and tender hearted to the higher! degree ; fo fearful of offending any one, that upon the Jeaft apprehenrlon of having given difpleafure, he would fuddenly weep in the moft fubmiflive manner, and appear extremely forry. His temper was lovely, his countenance pleaiing : his constitution was not robuffc,,but he was active, lively, and cheerful. Whatfoever he

14 io The Life of he went about he did it with great fpirit, and with a diligence and difcretion above his years. And now the parents were informed by their friends, and by Mr. Francis his fchoolmafter, that it was time to fend him to fome greater fchool where he might have a better opportunity to improve himfelf in the Latin tongue. It was thereupon refolved to fend him and his brother William to Euborn, near Newbury in Berkfhire, to the houfe of Mr. Brooks, an old friend, who had many other pupils, who was a religious and good man, but a ftrict: difciplinarian. While preparations were making for this journey, an event took place which made the deeper! and mofl lively impreffion upon the mind of young Nicholas, and ftrongly marks his character, and the bent of his difpofition. He was but fix years of age, and being one night unable to fleep, a fit of fcepticifm feized his mind, and gave him the greater!: perplexity and uneafinefs. He doubted whether there was a GOD? and if there was, what was the moft acceptable mode of ferving Him? In extreme grief he rofe at midnight, cold and frofty, and went down to a grafs plat in the garden, where

15 Nicholas Ferrar. 11 where he flood long time fad and penflve, mufing, and thinking ferioufly upon the great doubt which thus extremely perplexed him. At length throwing himfelf on his face upon the ground, and fpreading out his hands, he cried aloud, cc Yes, there is, there muft be a GOD : and He, no quefhon, if I duly and earneftly feek it of Him, will teach me not only how to know, but how to ferve Him acceptably. He will be with me all my life here, and at the end will hereafter make me happy." Thefe are exalted and wonderful fentiments for a child of fix years old : and this anecdote may influence the reader to give credit to thofe fublime ecftacies of devotion which he experienced and expreited at the clofe of his life. His doubts now vanifhed, his mind became eafy, and he returned to his apartment : but the remembrance of what he felt on this occafion made him ever after ftrongly commiferate all who laboured under any religious doubt, or defpair of mind. And in the future courfe of his life he had repeated opportunities to exert his benevolence to thofe who experienced a fimilar unhappinefs. In

16 i2 The Life of In the year 1598, he was fent to Euborn School, near Newbury in Berkshire, where he made fuch a rapid progrefs in Latin, Greek, and logic, that he foon became the firft fcholar of his years. He ftrengthened his memory by daily exercife : he was a great proficient in writing and arithmetic, and attained fuch excellence in fhort hand, as to be able to take accurately a fermon or fpeech on any occafion. He was alfo Well fkilled both in the theory and practice of vocal and inftrumental mufic. Thus accomplished, in his fourteenth year, his mafter, Mr. Brooks, prevailed with his parents to fend him to Cambridge, whither he himfelf attended him, and admitted him of Clare Hall, prefenting him, with due commendation of his uncommon abilities to Mr. Auguftin Lindfell, the tutor, and Dr. William Smith, then mafter of the college. His parents thought proper, notwithstanding the remonftrance of fome friends againft it, to admit him a Penfioner for the flrft year ; as they conceived it more for his good, to rife by merit gradually to honour. In this fituation, by excellent demeanour, and diligent application to his ftudies, he fo

17 Nicholas Ferrar. 13 fo deported himfelf in all things, and to all perfons, that he inftantly gained the affections and applaufe of all who knew him, performing all his exercifes with dirtinguifhed approbation. Mr. Lindfell fpared not to make full proof of his abilities, wifhing, as he was ufed to exprefs himfelf, to fee his infide, as well as his outride. He therefore made many trials of his abilities, which the reft of the Fellows thought unreafonable; faying cc it was a (hame to fpur a fleet horfe, which already outwent the rider's own defire, and won every race he put him to." When they urged that he required impoffibilities, he would reply, cc Content yourfelves a little, you mall fee what the boy can do, and that too without much trouble." Thefe proofs of wonderful abilities were continually repeated, and he thus went on from day to day improving in all good learning. His attention and diligence was fuch, that it was obferved, his chamber might be known by the candle that was laft put out at night, and the firrt: lighted in the morning. Nor was he lefs diligent in his attendance at chapel, than at his ftudies, fo that his piety and learning went on hand in hand together. In

18 i4 The Life of In his fecond year he became Fellowcommoner., and being now every day more and more the companion of the Fellows, he every day became more and more efteemed by them. In 1610 he took his degree of Bachelor of Arts. At this time he was appointed to make the fpeech on the King's Coronation Day (July 25), in the College Hall; and the fame year he was elected Fellow of that Society. If we take a view of him at this period when he became Fellow, we jfhall find that his natural parts were wonderfully improved, his memory fo enlarged and ftrengthened, that he had read nothing of worth, but he had made it his own, and could always inflantly apply it to the prefent occasion. He fpoke alfo and wrote, and argued with fuch ingenious dexterity that very few indeed were equal to him. Neverthelefs he was full fo eager in the purfuit of farther acquifitions, that induftry and genius feemed to be incorporated in him* Nor was he more attentive to his own inftruction, than to the happinefs of all with whom he was concerned. For he was a conftant and indefatigable promoter of peace ; and when any difference had arifen 5 he had the art fo to

19 Nicholas Ferrar. 15 to win upon each fide, that he would draw the contending parties from their unfriendly refolutions, and reanimate and eftablim harmony between them. Mr. Lindfell was ufed to fay of him, cc May GOD keep him in a right mind! for if he mould turn fchifmatic or heretic, he would make work for all the world. Such a head, fuch power of argument! fuch a tongue, and fuch a pen I fuch^ a memory withal he hath, with fuch indefatigable pains, that, all thefe joined together, I know not who would be able to contend with him." His conftitution was of feminine delicacy, and he was very fubjecl: to aguiih diforders ; yet he bore them out in a great meafure by his temperance, and by a pecur liar courageoufnefs of fpirit which was natural to him. His favourite fifter, married to Mr. Collet, lived at Bourne Bridge, near Cambridge. And as the air of Cambridge was found not well to agree with him, he made frequent excurfions to Bourne Bridge, where he pafted his time in the purfuit of his ftudies, and in the inftruclrion of his fitter's children. But his tutor, Mr. Lindfell, and others of the Fellows, having now apprehenfion of

20 16 The Life of of his health, carried him to Dr. Butler, the celebrated Phyftcian, of Cambridge, who had been of Clare Hall, and was a particular friend of Mr. Lindfell. Dr. Butler conceived a great affection for Mr. Ferrar, and exerted all his fkill; yet frill the diforder increafed more and more upon him ; and at length this good Phyfician faid, cc Why mould I give thee any more prefcriptions? all I can do will not conquer this diflemper. Alas! all I can fay is, you muft henceforth deal with this diforder when it comes to you, as men do with beggars, when they have a mind to difufe them from their houfes, give them nothing but let them go as they came. You muft through a fpare diet, and great temperance even all your life long, feek to be quit of this unhappy companion : he muft be ftarved away." For fome time after this Mr. Ferrar grew better, but foon relapfed again, and in the autumn of 1612 he began to grow very ill. His friends now feared he would not get over the winter. Dr. Butler faid, cc I can do no more for him, the laft remedy or hope I can give you is from the change of air. He muft go in the fpring to travel. I doubt

21 Nicholas Ferrar. 17 I doubt not but I can keep him up this winter, and if travel recover him not, nothing will. Befides, it is high time his mind be taken off from thefe his inceftant ftudies ; thefe alone, if he be permitted to go on, will fpeedily deftroy his conftitution. The courfe I propofe may prolong his life till he is thirty-five years of age; but longer in my judgment it will not laft. In the meantime he will live to do great good. And think not that his time fpent in travel will be loft; no : depend upon it he will improve himfelf greatly. Mr. Lindfell, go your way ; think of it: perfuade his parents to it. I can fay no more to you. Let him go next fpring. I will take care of him this winter." And fo he did moft affectionately. Mr. Ferrar was now almoft feven years ftanding in the Univerfity, and was to take his Mafter of Arts degree at the enfuing Midfummer, 1613; and he had already performed with great credit all his previous exercifes. It being made known to the Heads of the Univerfity that he was to travel, and to have the opportunity of going with that noble company which then went with the c Lady

22 18 The Life of Lady Elizabeth to conduct her to the Palatinate with the Palfgrave her hufband, it was propounded that he might have the favour of Cap and Hood immediately, though before the ufual time, fo as to be complete Mailer of Arts, before his departure, which was readily granted, and immediately his Graces were given him. And now many came to prefent their moft affectionate wifhes to him for health and happinefs in his travels. And thus he bade Cambridge adieu. Being come to the end of Mr. Ferrar's Academical life,. I will here infert a Letter from Dr. Byng, a cotemporary in the fame fociety, as a collateral testimony of his uncommon abilities and exemplary conduct during the whole time of his Collegiate education. cc Dr. Rob. Byng to Mr. Barnabas Oley. " Sir, " Concerning the requeft in your fecond Letter, I wifh I was as able as I am willing to deliver the choiceft virtues of our dear and worthy friend Mr. N. Ferrar unto pofterity: whom as I truly loved whilft he lived,

23 Nicholas Ferrar. 19 lived, fo I am one that fhall ever honour his bleffed memory. fc As for the time of his admiffion into our College of Clare Hall, he was, as I did then guefs by his ftature and dimensions, about thirteen years of age, when yet his deportment was fuch as fpake him more a man than many are at four and twenty : there was fo fweet a mixture in him of gravity with affability, and modefty with civility. cc After the commendable performances of his acts in Scholis Publicis, it pleafed the University to grace him with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. And his worth was fo well known in the College, that he was felected to make the Oration upon the Coronation day (as I remember) after his proceeding ; which he performed with great applaufe. And the then Mafter of the College, Dr. Smith, was thereupon fo taken with him, that he was pleafed to afk a near friend of his c whether the young Gentleman did intend to continue in the life of a Scholar.' And receiving anfwer, that it was his fettled refolution, he was not nice to exprefs his good opinion of him to be fuch as he thought him well worthy to be c 2 elected

24 2o The Life of elected into our Society. Wherein he fhowed himfelf to be moft real, by making choice of him at the very next election, with the unanimous confent of all the Coelectors then prefent at the meeting for that purpofe. cc From that time to the taking of his next degree he was a conftant refident with us in our College ; during which fpace his comportment was fuch in all refpects, as that it was exemplary not only to his Puifnes, and Compeers, but to many who were much his Ancients, who were all fo much pleafed with his company, as that they thought themfelves happier!, who moft enjoyed it. fc As he was ever a mofl conftant Student, fo none more careful to give his attendance on the College Chapel at times of Prayer.... " Soon after his admiffion ad incipiendum in artibus (to the beft of my remembrance) and before his creation in majoribus comitiis* (having obtained leave both from his parents and the College) he began his travels into foreign parts. Where, how * That is, between the times of his taking the B.A. and the M.A. degree. long

25 Nicholas Ferrar. 21 long he continued, his brother Mr. John Ferrar can beft inform you. But fo well did he improve the time that he fpent therein, as that befide the knowledge which he had gained in the principal of the Weftern languages, Low and High Dutch, Italian, French and Spanifh, he was able to make relation obfervable of the moft remarkable paftages which had been incident to any of thofe places where he had made any confiderable abode: as myfelf, with many others who had the happinefs to hear him difcourfe thereof, can give due teftimony. fc From the time of his return unto the College, as he continued ever an indefatigable Student, fo he was an extraordinary proficient, as having attained within a few years unto that degree of knowledge in Divinity, that he did not only overtake, but get the ftart of many who were much his ancients, and fuch as were worthily held in reputation for their great learning by the ableft Divines both in the College and the Univerfity. Which was the lefs to be wondered at in our worthy friend, becaufe as he was of a very fharp wit, and moft. clear comprehenfion, fo alfo of a moft folid judgment,

26 22 The Life of judgment, and retaining memory. By means whereof he could fully render the refultance of any author he had gone through, as myielf can teftify amongft others of his conforts. In which refpect as he had not many peers, fo he had few who could compare with him for his exact fkill in the Book of Books, the Holy Scriptures ; which he made from his cradle, as I may fay, fo familiar to him by his daily and diligent reading, and meditating thereon, as that he was able to turn readily to any place without the help of a Concordance. cc Certes, Sir, to give him his due Commendation, I may truly fay that he was Homo perpaucorum hominum, et ad omnia natus.* cc In all which refpecls as he was eminent whilft he was a Commorant in the Univerfity, fo he gave full demonstration thereof to his dearefl and neareft friends at Little Gidding, where in his laft andbeft times he was a burning and a mining Light. And therefore I advife the writer of his Life to repair to fuch of his friends as are there yet living, who are able to furniih * A man of ten thoufand and had a genius for everything. him

27 Nicholas Ferrar. 23 him with fuch ftore of choice materials, and fo exactly fquared unto his hands as they will both head and bed (as our country mafons ufed to fpeak) in the goodly ftructure which he is now erecting for the prefervation of his precious memory here on earth, who now mines more glorioufly inter ftellas primae magnitudinis* among the ever-blefled Saints in the higheft heavens. Tuus ex animo.-jcc ROBERTUS BYNG. " Arlington, Com. Wilts, Idibus Septembris^J ic To his much refpecled friend Mr. Oley, at Mr. Garthwaites, Stationer, at the North door of St. Paul's. Thefe prefent." All things being fettled with refpect to his going abroad, Mr. Ferrar left the following written Farewell to his family, which his mother found in his ftudy% few days after he was gone. " Since there is nothing more certain than Death, nor more uncertain than the time when ; I have thought it the firft and, * Among the ftars of the firft magnitude. f Sincerely yours. J Sept. 13. chiefeffc

28 24 The Life of chiefeft wifdom for a man to prepare himfelf for that which muft one day come, and always be ready for that which may every hour happen: efpecially considering how dangerous any error is here, which cannot be amended : neither is any # one the nearer to Death for having prepared for it. It is then a thing of exceeding madnefs and folly to be negligent in fo weighty a matter, in refpect- whereof all other things are trifles. I here confefs my own wretchednefs and folly in this, that through the common hope of youth, I have fet death far from me : and perfuading myfelf that I had a long way to go, have walked more carelefsly than I ought. The good LORD GOD be merciful unto me. cc Indeed I have a long way to run, if death flood ffcill at the end of threefcore years : but GOD knows if he be not running againft me, if he be not ready to gravp me, efpecially considering the many dangers wherein I am now to hazard myfelf, in every one whereof death dwells. If GOD be merciful to me, and bring me fafe home again, I will all the days of my life ferve Him in His Tabernacle, and in His Holy Sanctuary. ff I hope

29 Nicholas Ferrar. 25 Cf I hope He who hath begun this mind in me will continue it, and make me to walk fo as I may be always ready for Him, when He mall come either in the public Judgment of all the world, or in private judgment to me by death. This is my purpofe and this mall be my labour. cc And you, my moft dear Parents, if GOD mall take me from you, I befeech you be of good comfort, and be not grieved at my death, which I undoubtedly hope mall be to me the beginning of eternal happinefs. It was GOD that gave me to you, and if He take me from you, be not only content but joyful that I am delivered from the vale of mifery. This GOD that hath kept me ever fince I was born, will preferve me to the end, and will give me grace to live in His. Faith, to die in His Favour, to reft in His Peace, to rife in His Power, and to reign in His glory. cc I know, my moft dear parents, your tender affections towards your children, and fear your grief if GOD take me away. I therefore write and leave this, that you might know your fon's eftate, and afture yourfelves that though he be dead to you, yet he is alive to GOD. Cf I'now

30 16 The Life of Cf I now moft humbly befeech you to pardon me in whatfoever I may have at any time difpleafed you : and I pray GOD to blefs and keep you : to give you a happy life here, and everlafting in the world to come. cc Your moft humble and obedient Son, cf N. Ferrar. Cf Poftfcript, cc My dearer! Brothers and Sifters, If I live you fhall find me a faithful and loving brother unto you all: if I die, I befeech you by the fear of GOD, by the duty to your Parents, by the bond of nature, by the love you bear me, that you all agree in perfect love and amity ; and account every one the other's burthen to be his ; fo may plenty and profperity dwell among you. So prays your faithful and loving brother, cc N. Ferrar. " If I die, I defire that the value of $. of my books may be given to the College : the reft I leave to my Father's and Mother's difpofing: yet I defire that in them my worthy Tutor Lindfell and Coufin Theophilus may be remembered: and if any of my fitter's

31 Nicholas Ferrar. zy fitter's fons prove a fcholar, the reft may be given to him. "This ioth day of April, being Sunday." His Parents' confent and the College licence obtained, and the favour of the Univerfity granted with refpecl to his degree, Mr. Ferrar prepared to fet out upon his travels; a courfe of life undertaken upon Dr. Butler's counfel for the reftoration of his health, and to take him off from his inceffant application to his ftudies. He alfo himfelf had a deft re to fee foreign countries for the farther acquisition of knowledge. And as he well underftood the grounds of his Religion, and was convinced of its truth on Scriptural Authority, as he had read moft of the Fathers, and Controversial Writings between the Church of England and the Church of Rome, and as he had a memory fo retentive, that he forgot nothing which he had read, but was able at all times to bring it forth, and apply it to the prefent occafion, being thus armed beforehand againft whatever might occur, and relying wholly upon the mercy of GOD to protect him, with the moft virtuous refolutions of heart he fet out upon his travels. His

32 28 The Life of His Tutor Lindfell folemnly protefled that had he not perfectly known his wonderful abilities and uncommon virtue, he mould not in thefe fo tender years of his pupil have been a promoter of his travelling in the manner he did all alone ; but would have provided fome worthy tutor to attend him. He knew that in all virtue Nicholas Ferrar was an old man, fo firmly fixed in his religious principles that there was no fear of his being feduced by any thing that he fhould hear or fee. He knew that the flock of learning, wifdom and religion which he carried out with him, would be increafed at his return. With thefe encouragements did Mr. Lindfell appeafe the fears and tender anxieties of his parents at parting with him : for they bade him farewell under the dread of never feeing him again. And indeed not without reafon : for he was then far from being recovered of his aguifh diforder : but Dr. Butler faid the fea would remove it, and they would foon hear that he was freed from his infirmity. Sometime before this, Dr. Scot, the King's fub-almoner, was made Mafter of Clare Hall, in the place of Dr. Smith removed

33 Nicholas Ferrar. 29 moved to be Provoft of King's. He conceived a high refpect and affection for Nicholas Ferrar, and undertook that he jfhould be introduced to the Lady Elizabeth, to go in her company and retinue ; me being now ready to depart with the Prince Palfgrave her hufband, who were to go firft to Zealand, then to Holland, and from thence home to the Palatinate. Dr. Scot therefore took Mr. Ferrar to Court, to kifs her Royal Highnefs' hand: not now in the garb of a Scholar, but habited as one of the Gentlemen who belonged to her. As for him he took no delight in thefe gay garments, but fubmitted from a fenfe of propriety to be thus clad, and to fatisfy his friends more than himfelf. Dr. Scot alfo introduced him, and procured him the knowledge and acquaintance of the whole attendance of the Englifh Courtiers who then went with the Lady Elizabeth. Being now provided with his bills of Exchange, he went in the fame fhip with the Mafter of the Green Cloth, who took an efpecial liking to him. They arrived happily at Flufhing, where the Royal Fleet, landed their paftengers. And in this voyage Mr. Ferrar found the benefit of the

34 30 The Life of fea air, which, as Dr. Butler told him it would, cleared him of all the remains of.his diforder. At Middleburgh the, Lady Elizabeth was highly entertained and feafted with all her noble attendants; and Mr. Ferrar as one of her Gentlemen wanted for no marks of due notice and refpec~t. Here he made flricst obfervation of every thing worth feeing, and gained a fumcient acquaintance with the language to ferve him for all ordinary affairs and occafions. From thence the Lady Elizabeth pafted on from city to city, in all which fhe was received with great honour, and came to the Hague : from thence to Amfterdam, where me was more magnificently entertained than at any former place. In all thefe towns Mr. Ferrar vifited the feveral meeting houfes of the Brownifts, Anabaptifts, and other Proteftant DifTenters, both to obferve their manners and teaching, and to fee if all were anfwerable to his own former reading. At all which times he noted their errors, and greatly confirmed himfelfinhis own opinions. The Jewifh Synagogue likewife he left not unfeen, and their orders. But that which chiefly attracted his notice at Amfterdam was their Gueft, or Almfhoufes,

35 Nicholas Ferrar. 31 houfes, where young children of both fexes are brought up to learn handicrafts. Here he got particular information of all their proceedings, and ' very liberally rewarded the attendants. He particularly admired the flatelinefs, and neatnefs. of the Dutch in thefe public edifices, and the wonderful good orders and rules by which they are governed. He alfo vifited their churches, heard their fermons, and attended all their religious rites and ceremonies. He next obferved their magazines for all forts of flores: innumerable boats and mips, and noted the different way of building from ours in the ftructure of their war mips. Ours he perceived were ftronger made, but theirs formed with more advantage for fpeedy failing. He was alfo charmed with their cleanlinefs and the many good orders every where obferved to that intent. And he obferved that the whole nation kept their houfes elegantly neat in all places. When he came to his lodgings he regularly entered all his obfervations in a book which he kept for that purpofe. The Princefs Royal now directed her courfe towards the Palatinate, which was different from the route intended by Mr. Ferrar,

36 32 The Life of Ferrar, who had refolved to pafs through the lower parts of Weftphalia, and fo to Bremen, Staad, Hamburgh, Lunenburgh, Lubeck, Leipfic, and fo on to the upper parts of Germany. This his determination he made known to the Lady Elizabeth's chief attendants, who warmly preffed him to accompany them to Heidelburg, the Palfgrave's Court, and chief city of the Palatinate. They told him that her Highnefs had taken fuch good notice of him herfelf, and had heard fo much of him from the commendations of others, that if he fought preferment by his travels, he might now, even at the firft, make a very fair ftep towards it. There was no doubt but he might be made her Secretary, that me would think him well worthy of that place and might recommend him to a better. He humbly thanked them for their good opinion, but aftured them they were miftaken in his abilities. He was then introduced to her Royal Highnefs, and kifted her hand, who bade him farewell, and wifhed him much happinefs in his travels. Mr. Ferrar now fet forward on his journey from Amfterdam to Hamburgh, and on his way thither he travelled for fome time

37 Nicholas Ferrar. 33 time with a perfon for his guide, who had but one eye. After fome days' travel they pafted by a wood, where was a gibbet and fome bodies hanging in chains. Now, faid the poftman, Sir, look yonder, thofe villains there hanging fome years flnce fet upon my waggon, wherein were an Englim youth and a Hamburgh merchant, then newly come out of Spain. The rogues carried us into that wood in a cold frofty morning and {tripped us : and they found good gold tied up in the fhirts of the gentlemen who had travelled with me, which they took, then drank up our wine, and went away laughing. But fome time after, they, frill uflng the fame trade, fet upon another waggon, whofe paftengers made fome refinance, when they mot three of them dead in the waggon, and then fled. They were afterwards taken and there hanged as you fee. Your hiftory is true, faid Mr. Ferrar, for that Englim youth was my brother. He has told me this flory himfelf. And when I firfl faw you, I knew you< to be the poftman with whom he travelled, for he defcribed you as having but one eye. At length he arrived at Hamburgh, where the Factors of the Merchant Adven- D turers

38 34 The Life of turers were refident, to whom his father and brother were well known. Here he found frefh bills of Exchange, and letters from his father to Mr. Gore, his old acquaintance, and then deputy Governor of the Company; who received Mr. Ferrar with great friendfhip and refpecl, and provided a convenient lodging for him. During his flay here he procured a Scholar of the country to attend him daily at his lodgings, and inftruct him in the High Dutch language, in which he made fuch a proficiency as to be of great fervice in the courfe of his travels. Here alfo in the afternoon he fpent fome hours in examining the curiofities in this city, and in the places adjacent. And here he informed himfelf by reading the hiftories in the Dutch language, and by difcourfe with men of learning in the place, of the original of this and the neighbouring cities; of their feveral forts of government; their religion ; eccleiiaftical eftablifhment; their trades ; their commerce ; the nature and difpofition of the people, and their particular virtues and vices. From Hamburgh Mr. Ferrar travelled up the country through many cities, at each of

39 Nicholas Ferrar. 3 s of which he ftayed a fufficient time to fee, and make obfervations upon all things worthy of notice, which he regularly entered into his book for that ufe in fhort hand. % In this manner he pafted up to the Univerfity of Leipfic in Saxony : where, having proper letters of credit, he refolved to abide for fome time, both to perfect himfelf in the High Dutch language, and to gain alfo what other knowledge and learning he could in that place; and to acquaint himfelf with the manner of ordering all things in that Univerfity. He lodged himfelf therefore in a principal houfe of that city, which by a friend's help he obtained permimon to do ; and the people there were very civil and courteous to him. The Englifh factors mowed him much refpect, and were greatly delighted with his pleafant difpofition and temper. And they were the more taken with him when they faw that he would not upon any terms drink wine or any ftrong drink, and had alfo obferved his great temperance in all things, and that he was very humble and meek in his behaviour. Yet flill they faw him gallant and rich in apparel. But that D 2 fafhion

40 36 The Life of fafhion of drefs his parents thought was the beft for him to make ufe of in his travels, that fo, according to the mode * of the world, he might have the eafier admittance into all places, and all refpeclable company. At Leipfic he made inquiry after all the ableft Scholars in every art and fcience in that Univerflty, who could be procured for money to teach him ; and he paid them-all moft liberally, and far beyond their expectations. From thefe circumftances he was thought to be fome perfon of great account. Thefe his feveral tutors coming to him at fet times, and on feveral days, and his perfonal reforting with the utmoft diligence to all the exercifes performed in the public fchools, made him to be very much noticed. He gained great reputation for his uncommon abilities, his diligence, and his fweet deportment; his extraordinary quicknefs in attaining whatfoever he fet himfelf to, the elegant Latin which he fpake with the utmoft readinefs, and his abundant knowledge in feveral forts of learning. The univerfal admiration he obtained was alfo much heightened by his being fo very young. His acquaintance was defired by all the learned men of that Univerflty: and

41 Nicholas Ferrar. 37 and he being free in all courtefy to enter into difcourfe with them, many every day reforted to him. But rinding that this took up too much of his time, he privately retired into lodgings in a village in the neighbourhood, and there enjoyed a better opportunity to follow the ftudies he had refolved upon; his tutors attending him there as they had done before. And here he paffed fome time in reading over the beft authors who had written on the German nation, and in acquainting himfelf with the nature of the government, laws, and cuftoms. The connection of the Engliih factors at Leipiic with their principals at home, foon tranfmitted the fame of Nicholas Ferrar to England, who was deemed and reprefented as a perfon who had fome great intent in his mind, but that it was feared by all that he could not live to be a man of any confiderable years. As on one hand his parents could not but rejoice on hearing thefe accounts, fo on the other they could not help fearing that his extreme application might, though at prefent he was in perfect health, neverthelefs decay his ftrength, and fhorten his life. They

42 38 The Life of They therefore exhorted him to curb his too diligent mind, and to abate of his inceffant ftudies, for that they would allow him what time and money he would for his expenfes. Having now learned what he could at Leipfic, he departed from thence for Prague, and there he abode a considerable time, till he was able to converfe fluently in the High Dutch language. From thence he ^wandered up and down, to every great place here and there, fometimes backwards, fometimes forwards, vifiting Augfburg, Strafburg, Nuremburg, Ulm, Spires, the Emperor's Court, and fo from one Prince's Court to another, obferving every where their manner of living, and {pending their time; what magazines of arms they had; what retinues they kept; what their incomes were; from whence they had their origin; what had been their revolutions ; and accurately noting down whatever Germany had in any place worth recording. There being alfo in feveral parts of Germany very ingenious handicrafts of various forts, in all thefe he acquired a confiderable degree of knowledge. So that there was fcarce any trade, art, fkill or fcience concerning

43 Nicholas Ferrar. 39 cerning which he could not difcourfe to the aftonifhment even of the profeftors themfelves in their refpective profeitions. He was mafter alfo of the technical terms of their feveral myfteries, and could fpeak properly to them in their own dialed:. He could exprefs all thofe things that belong to war, foldiery, and arms, all that belong to mips, and navigation, and was perfect in all the mariners' peculiar phrafes, and in all the particularities of every trade and occupation in common life. And in truth all this without any great care or trouble. For his penetration was fo acute, and his memory fo vaft, and retentive; that every thing he read, or heard, or faw was all his own, and he could inftantly apply it to the occafion that prefented itfelf, as all who knew him found by daily proof. From Germany, Nicholas Ferrar bent his courfe for Italy. But the plague being at that time in many towns of Germany, when he came into the Venetian territories, he was obliged to remain thirty days in one place in a lazaretto, where he was fhut up for public fecurity ; but was allowed a chamber to himfelf. Here he had leifure to recollect all thofe things, which to that time

44 40 The Life of time had parted in his travels; to review his notes and obfervations, which he had before all along put into fhorthand ; and to digeffc them into better order for his future ufe. Here alfo he had time to meditate what he was to do in Italy; how to order himfelf and his future life to the befb advantage to attain his feveral ends in travel. Having completed the thirty days of his confinement, and being again at liberty to profecute his journey, it may not be amifs to relate a remarkable efcape he had upon the road between Prague and Padua. As he rode one day upon {ome very narrow and dangerous paffages of the Alps., his guide being fomewhat before him, fuddenly from the fide of a hill came an afs laden with a great piece of timber. The paftage down the hill was extremely narrow, on one fide very high and precipitous above him, and on the other alfo precipitoufly ffceep and fearful, fo that if any man fell, nothing but immediate death could be expected. The timber did not lie, as at firrl laid on, lengthwife, but quite acrofs the afs's back, and reached the whole breadth of the pafs from one fide to the other, and the beaft came down the hill apace. The guide who was advanced

45 Nicholas Ferrar. 41 advanced a few yards, and had pafted the narrow crevice through which the afs came into the common road, feeing Mr Ferrar's fituation, cried out in terror. The man's exclamation caufed Mr. Ferrar to look up, who was carefully regarding his horfe's fteps, and was then upon the extreme brink of the precipice. There was but a moment between him and certain deflruction ; when in that moment, jufl as the beaft came upon him fhe tripped, and by that motion the timber was turned the right way as it was at firfl laid on. Mr. Ferrar then fuddenly {lopping his horfe upon the very edge of the precipice, there flood flill, till, as it pleafed GOD, the beafi went quietly on with her burthen, and parted him without any. harm but a flight flroke from the timber. After this providential efcape, for which he returned his mofl devout thanks to GOD, he proceeded on his road to Padua, and fo on to Venice without any other difafler. Having flayed a convenient time at Venice, where he enjoyed, the advantage of frequent accefs to the houfe and table of the Englifh AmbafTador, to whom he bore letters of introduction, he returned to Padua, which before he had only parted through, but now

46 42 The Life of now refolved to fettle there for fome time; in order to perfect himfelf in all the learning and knowledge to be attained in that University. Here therefore he procured tutors in thofe fciences in which he intended to be farther inffcructed. And he won their higher!: admiration at his ingenious questions and anfwers, his ready apprehenfion, his earneft profecution, and his wonderful proficiency, in fo many and fuch various ftudies, which at the fame time feemed to him no other than fo many feveral recreations. His acquaintance was courted by all the learned men in the Univerfity, but particularly by the mofl: eminent Phyficians; as he beffcowed uncommon diligence in the purfuit of medical knowledge. And this he did from a double motive, both becaufe he held the Phyfic Fellowfhip at Clare Hall, and alfo on account of the infirm, and precarious ftate of his own health: in which refpect a proper proficiency in the fcience of medicine might be peculiarly ferviceable to him. And now his friendihip with the Paduan Phyficians, and their high efleem and great love for him, was of fingular benefit to him : for he fell very dangeroufly ill of a diforder which in all human probability would have proved

47 Nicholas Ferrar. 43 proved fatal, had it not been for their watchful care, and moft tender attentions. It has been fuggefted* that upon his recovery from this illnefs, he made a vow of perpetual celibacy : and that he would upon his return to England, as foon as he could conveniently, fettle his affairs for that purpofe, and endeavour to fpend the remainder of his life in a religious retirement. But this is very uncertain ; yet, if it be true it will account for a very remarkable inftance of felf-denial, which will occur in the future part of his life. While Mr. Ferrar continued thus at Padua, to eftablifh his health, and purfue his fludies, he had an opportunity of exercifing his great faculty in quieting a troubled mind. For now an Englifh gentleman of the name of Garton, came thither, who by the impious cuftom of duelling had killed another, and had fled from his country to avoid the punifhment which the laws adjuge to murderers. He was under the deeper!: melancholy, but concealed the caufe of his uneafinefs. At length however he acquainted Mr. Ferrar with his misfortune, * Poflfcript to Herbert's Country Parfon, A preparatory View, Sec. declaring

48 44 The Life of declaring his great contrition, and fincere repentance ; and befeeching him to give him counfel and comfort. Mr. Ferrar by his fpiritual confolations, his perfuafiye arguments, and wonderful power over the human mind, at length made the unhappy fufferer more eafy and compofed, and confirmed him in the hope of forgivenefs. And this event laid the foundation of a fincere and moft affectionate friendfhip between them. Mr. Ferrar thus pafling his time between Venice and Padua in a courfe of learning and virtue, and in the morl laudable purfuits, he was much fought after, and vifited by the Englifh who were then alfo on their travels; who were delighted with his converfation, notwithftanding that his way of life and manner of thinking were very different from their own: and they would often ingenuoufly confefs that he was certainly in the right way, and that they could not but wifh they could live as he lived. Thefe men on their return to England fpoke of him in the higheft terms of applaufe to their refpective families and connections. The Italian merchants alfo and the Englifh factors refident in different parts of Italy, with whom he had tranfactions on money

49 Nicholas Ferrar. 45 money concerns, all wrote of him to their correfpondents in England, with the warmer! commendations, confidering him as one who had fome great object in view, and would fome time appear to the world poffeited of very extraordinary talents. Thus his reputation became general, on the exchange, in the city, at Court, and all over the country he was univerfally known and uniyerfally admired. Having now finimed his intended todies, having traverfed all Italy, and become intimately acquainted with every place of confequence, being perfect mafter of the Italian language, both for writing and difcourfe, having an accurate knowledge of all their laws, cuftoms, manners, doctrines, and practices, civil, and ecclefiaftic, and having made the beft ufe of everything he had heard, read, or feen, and being determined as to his future plan of conduct, he refblved at laft to pay a viiit to Imperial Rome. He knew indeed before he went thither, as much of that celebrated city, both ancient and modern, as could be learned from hiftory, and from converfation with many perfons of great judgment and obfervation, who had lately been there: but he was defirous

50 4.6 The Life of firous to confirm what he had learned byinformation from others, by his own obfervation. He frayed at Rome about ten days, and in that time he fo improved his opportunities as that he fatisfied himfelf in feeing all that he defired. But the particulars need not be here recited, as they may be found in many other books upon this fubject. From Rome he returned to Venice, not acquainting any one where he had been. At his return he was welcomed home by the Englifhmen, and all his other acquaintance ; as was the cuftom with them at other times, after his other excurfions. In one of thefe, he went to fee the Chapel of Loretto. From thence he went to Malta, where one of the Knights conceiving a particular friendfhip for him, at their parting defired his acceptance of one of the rich croffes worn by the brethren of that Order, entreating him to keep it for his fake; and thus exchanging mutual good wifhes and benedictions, Mr. Ferrar returned again to Venice. And now intending at length to leave Italy, he went from Venice to Marfeilles, purpofing after he had paffed fufficient time in

51 Nicholas Ferrar. 47 in that city, for vifiting what was remarkable there and in the parts adjacent, to take fhip there and fail from thence to Spain. But at Marfeilles he fell dangeroufly ill, being fuddenly feized with a violent fever, which daily grew worfe and worfe. And what added to his misfortune, he knew no one in the place, nor had he any of his former acquaintance with him. In this diftrefs he fent for the moft celebrated phyfician in the city, and trufted himfelf entirely to his care. He was very regular in his attendance, and was very careful of him. His hoft alfo and hoflefs where he lodged mowed great tendernefs and attention to him. The firft day he was taken ill he wrote to his much-loved friend whom he had left at Venice, the unfortunate Mr. Garton, to whom he had promifed to give information of his arrival at Marfeilles. In this letter he acquainted him that he was beginning to grow ill, and feared his illnefs would prove both long and dangerous. Nor was he miftaken, for his illnefs continued thirtyfour days, and his phyiician was for a long time in abfolute defpair of his life. This made his attendants defirous to know who he

52 48 The Life of he was, which Mr. Ferrar induftrioufly concealed. But one day, as they were looking amongft his things for fomething he had called for, carefully wrapped up in a little box, was difcovered the rich crofs which was prefented to him by his friend the Knight of Malta, at his departure from that liland. At fight of this, the hoft and hoftefs, and the Phyfician prefently concluded that he was a knight of that Order, who was travelling unknown, and they earnestly entreated him no longer to conceal himfelf. Mr. Ferrar in vain endeavoured to convince them of the miftake, afturing them that he was only a private gentleman, travelling for amufement and inftrudhon; for the more he affirmed this, the more they were confirmed in their own opinion. His diforder ftill continuing excemve, the phyfician had given him up for loft. But at the very moment when all hope was gone, a favourable crifis took place ; and though he was extremely weak, and reduced to the loweft degree, yet he foon appeared to be in a fair way of recovery. And now word was brought to him that there was a gentleman below, juft arrived from Venice, who demanded to fee him. They

53 Nicholas Ferrar. 49 They who know what true friendfhip is, need not to be informed that this perfon could be no other than his dear and unfortunate friend Mr. Garton. When he came into Mr. Ferrar r s room, and beheld his friend lying on the bed of ficknefs, fo pale, weak, and reduced, he bur ft into tears. His friend was equally affected, feeing him fo unexpectedly. They mutually embraced, and a long, and affectionately expreflive filence enfued : for their hearts were fo full, that neither could for fome time {peak to the other. At length Mr. Ferrar told him how welcome he was to him, who but yefterday expected never to fee him more. Mr. Garton replied, that on the receipt of his letter he became fo deeply afflicted, that he could not reft, day or night, till he mould fee him. That if he mould find him ftill fick, he might abide with him and take care of him : that if he mould die, he might perform the due honours of burial : and that if he mould recover, he might rejoice with him on that happy occafion, and in every refpect mow him that unfeigned friend/hip which was juftly due to his uncommon virtue. As a fincere and affectionate friend is E perhaps

54 So The Life of perhaps the moft effectual medicine that j can be adminiftered to the fick, fo by the endearing attentions of the benevolent Mr. i Garton, Mr. Ferrar every day advanced j apace in his recovery.. And when he was j thought to be out of danger, Mr. Garton j faid he murt at lafl bid him farewell, and return to Venice. Yes, faid Mr. Ferrar, i you (hall now return to Venice, but I will return with you. For as you have been fo very kind as to come fo far to take care of me when I was ill, and have likewife flayed fo long with me, it is but juftice, and the leafr. return I can make, to fee you fafe back ; nor would he take any refufal; and fo they returned together to Venice. Ffom this place Mr. Ferrar immediately gave his parents an account of his cruel, ficknefs, *and his recovery at Marfeilles, in a very affectionate letter bearing date April, Having flayed at Venice till he was perfectly recovered, and his ftrength thoroughly recruited, he took his laft leave of all his friends and acquaintance there; but particularly of his dear friend Mr. Garton who at their parting prefented him with an excellent and coflly rapier, faying that perhaps 1 it might be of ufe to him in his future travels,

55 Nicholas Ferrar. 51 vels, and wifhed him to keep it as a testimony of his»friendfhip. And now thefe dear friends with the warmer!: affection bade each other adieu! For in the gulf of Venice a fmall Englifh veffel was ready to fail for Spain, and Mr. Ferrar refolved to take his paffage in her, that fo he might travel through Spain, and fee that kingdom, after which he purpofed in like manner to fee France, and fo return home. The fhip, in which Mr. Ferrar left Venice, carried, only ten guns, but was overloaded, though there were no paftengers but himfelf. They had not been long at fea, before a large fhip, a Turkifh pirate, gave them chace, and gained fpeedily upon them. And there being fome difference of opinion between the officers, and mariners, whether they ought to yield, or fight it out; they referred their doubts to Mr, Ferrar, who had flood filent among them attending to their debate. They faid, This young man has a life to lofe, as well as we ; let us hear what he thinks of the matter. For from his firft coming on hoard, upon difcourfe with him, they had. taken a great liking to him, perceiving that he had great fkill in maritime affairs. E 2 Mr.

56 52 The Life of Mr. Ferrar being thus applied to in form for his opinion, refolutely told them that they ought to fight it out, and put their truft in GOD. That it was better to die valiantly, than be carried into flavery. That GOD could eafily deliver them, and he hoped would not fuffer them to fall into the hands of their enemy. He then put them in mind of the many fea engagements achieved by their countrymen, in which the victory had been gained againfl fuperior numbers. Thus encouraged, his words were fo prevalent, that with all fpeed they made ready to defend themfelves, committing their caufe to the protection of GOD, And to mow that they were not deficient in Englifh fpirit, they, having the advantage of the wind, and a fit opportunity, determined to give their enemy a broadfide: when, lo! jufl as the maffcer was giving the word to the gunner to fire, the Turkifh fhip, to their great aftonimment, fell off, and fleered away from them with all the fail fhe could make. They foon perceived that this unexpected movement was from the difcovery of another fhip, which, they fuppofed, was thought to be a better booty. The Turk being gone they proceeded on their

57 Nicholas Ferrar. $3 their voyage, and without any further difficulty arrived at their deftined port in Spain. Soon after his arrival, Mr. Ferrar determined to fee Madrid, and the King's Court, and whatever elfe was worth notice in that part of the country. But having fpent fome time at Madrid, he had alfo fpent almoil all the money which he brought with him from Venice. Fie therefore.made inquiry whether there were any bills of exchange, or letters for him, directed to fome of the Englifh merchants in that city, but could not hear of any ; for he had reached Madrid long before his father thought he could be there. In making this inquiry, he carried the matter fo, as if it was for a gentleman of the name of Ferrar, who he expected would be there about that time : for he was refolved, if poflible, not to difcover himfelf. But it happened that a Mr. Wyche, the fon of a merchant, a particular friend of Mr. Ferrar's father, was at that time at Madrid. And he being informed that this young ftranger made frequent inquiry after one of the name of Ferrar, kept an obfervant eye upon him. And perceiving fomething very extraordinary in his genteel deportment, in the wifdom and the

58 54 The Life of the wit of his converfation 3 and his great knowledge in languages, he concluded him to be fome perfon of high fafhion, who was defirous to travel unknown; and thereupon, both himfelf, and all the Englifh eftabliihed there, made him an offer of all the civilities in their power. But as he was now at a ftand how to proceed, and what courfe to take in order to pafs through Spain, and then through France home, and being uneafy that no bills of exchange were come for fuch a one as he inquired after, he fuddenly determined to travel no farther at prefent; but immediately to make the beit of his way to England, and in order to this, to travel on foot as well as he could to S. Sebaftian's, and there take fhip for his native country. In preparation for^this expedition, as he ffcill refolved, if poflible, to keep himfelf unknown, he privately fold his cloak, and fome jewels which he had by him, to fupply his prefent occafions, and provide for his future wants in his journey. At quitting Madrid he took leave of Mr. Wyche, and the other Englifh merchants, with acknowledgments of their many civilities to him. At which time Mr, Wyche made him an

59 Nicholas Ferrar. 55 an offer of what money he might want, which Mr. Ferrar politely declined. And now he fet forward on foot, with the rich rapier in his hand? prefented to him by his dear friend Mr. Garton, without a cloak, in his doublet and caftock. And with many a weary ftep, and very few accommodations, he purfued his journey, till he found his feet after a few days' travelling on the hot fands of that country to become quite wearied, and the fkin to come off, fo that it was exceflively painful to him to proceed. One night his hoftefs where he lodged, feeing he was a young foot traveller, and that he fuffered greatly from the torment of his feet, prefcribed to him to bathe and fteep his feet for a confiderable time in a bowl of fack which fhe brought for that purpofe. This gave him immediate eafe, and enabled him to proceed comfortably on his journey the next morning, and by future applications prevented all future inconveniences of that fort. His reafon for travelling always with his rapier in his hand, was not only to be inftantly upon his defence in cafe of any fudden attack, but that he might alfo pafs the more readily in all places as a young foldier,

60 s6 The Life of foldier, going towards Flanders to ferve the King of Spain, under Spinola. And upon the way at all fit times, and places, as he travelled, he feemed to be very inquifitive about Spinola, and what he was doing in Flanders ; fo that all with whom he had any difcourfe of this fort, took him for an Italian. But at one place where he pafted the night, the governor being informed of a ftranger, who lodged in the town, examined him ftrictly in many particulars. And Mr. Ferrar made him fuch wary anfwers, that he was at a lofs what farther to fay to him. At laft cafting his eyes upon the rapier, he told him that coftly rapier was unbefitting him, for he knew not how he came by it, and therefore he would have it from him. Mr. Ferrar told him he muft pardon him in not parting with his weapon, which a foldier ought to preferve as his life ; adding that it was given him by a dear and worthy friend, who enjoined him to keep it, and that he was determined fo to do. But this did not fatisfy the governor, who told him that ftout as he was he mould deliver the rapier to him before he departed, or he would make him repent his refufal. Mr. Ferrar replied,

61 Nicholas Ferrar. 57 plied, that he hoped there was more juftice to be found every where in Spain, than to take by force an innocent traveller's weapon from him. That he had not in any thing offended Csefar, or his laws, or the cuftoms of his country fince he was in it, and that he would be cautious not to do fo during the remainder of his flay. That he came very lately from the King's Court, and that he had friends there who would not fuffer him to receive any wrong. From this wife and refolute anfwer, his determined behaviour, and a ftyle of language fo far above his outward appearance, the {landers by concluded him to be fome other man than his habit declared, and advifed the governor to meddle no more with him about the rapier. Who then addreffmg himfelf to Mr. Ferrar, faid, Well, I perceive you are a young Italian gentleman, and inquire after our affairs in Flanders, and after the Marquis Spinola your countryman, to whom I underfland you are going. I like well your weapon, which in truth is mofl handfome and foldier-like; and fo he difmifted him to proceed on his journey. While Mr. Ferrar travelled thus alone over a great part of Spain, he walked once half

62 58 The Life of half a day without feeing any body, and was therefore obliged to guefs at his way by the befl: obfervation he could make, to proceed ftraight forward from the place where he had lodged the night' before. And it being now near evening, he perceived that the road he was in led him to a very high hill, which at length he with no fmall pains and difficulty afcended : and being arrived at the top, he there found a round plat of level ground, of confiderable magnitude, encompafted entirely with rocks of a prodigious height, and extremely fteep on every fide, neither could he difcern any pathway, except that by which he had afcended, to lead him out from this rocky enclofure, and thereby encourage him to go forward. At the fight of this he was much troubled, thinking he had wholly miflaken the hill which he had been directed to afcend, and that he muft at laft take up his unhoufed lodging there that night. Being thus perplexed, and not knowing what to do, he devoutly knelt down, and prayed to GOD to protect and direct him. Then examining with careful anxiety all parts, to fee if he could find any way to help him forward

63 Nicholas Ferrar. 59 forward in his journey, for it was too late to think of returning, he efpied a large black hog, come haftily running out from a narrow crevice or cleft in the rock, and immediately difappear again. But he with his eyes obferved, and with his feet made all poflible haffce to fallow and fee what was become of the beafl For he conceived hopes that it might be fome tame animal, now in the evening returning to its home, and confequently, that portibly there was fome dwelling houfe not far off. Prefently he faw the fame creature again, now running at the farther end of the level plain down the fide of the hill. And, coming to the fpot, he perceived a hollow, covered paffage, cut into the folid rock, and at fome diftance within this hollow, a fort of window or air-hole, to give light and air to this fubterranean paftage. Refolving therefore to follow the animal which he plainly faw to enter this cavity, after fome time, and very cautious treading, he found a turning which grew at every ftep more and more dark. Yet flopping a little while* liflening, and ftill looking and venturing flowly more forward, he difcerned, as he thought, a glimmering of more light at a diftance. So he went

64 6o The Life of went on, and found it to be another window or air-hole, cut like the former through the folid rock to give farther light to the fubterranean paffage. Thus proceeding onwards, in the fame manner, and under the fame difagreeable circumftances, he at length plainly perceived that this paffage was a way to fome fubterranean habitation, cut by human labour into the heart of the rock. Thereupon, liftening, and proceeding with caution, he fancied that he heard the voices of people talking at no great diflance. Refolving therefore to go forward again, he found at length that there was indeed a fort of houfe in the very fubflance of the rock, and that it was a harbour, or place of entertainment for paftengers who travelled that way. Coming into the room he faluted the hoft, and the people who were there ; and fitting down he called for bread and wine, and then began to difcourfe with them how hard it was to find the way to them; which, they faid, to a ftranger muft be indeed extremely difficult; but was riot fo to thofe who were acquainted with the turns and windings of that fubterranean labyrinth. He then called for more wine to warn, and bathe

65 Nicholas Ferrar. 61 bathe his feet. Which done, after fome communication of ordinary matters, fuch as travellers- ufe with their hofts, he made ftric~l obfervation of the difpofition and manners of the people in the houfe, and found great reafon not very well to like them : but now there was no remedy. As for the people, they thought him to be a young Italian foldier, going to the Marquis Spinola. For that way his converfation much tended, and mowed that he was well acquainted with all the military tranfactions in Flanders with the Hollanders. At length he told them that he was very weary and very fleepy, and, if they pleafed, would lie down upon a bench, and take fome reft. For that, he pretended, was his cuftom when he travelled, in order to inure himfelf to hardships. Thereupon they ihowed him into another room within the cavern ; and Mr. Ferrar, not laying his rapier away, but keeping it clofe to him, lay down to fleep. But he was fcarce laid down, when two lufty, ruffian looking fellows, and a young woman came into the room. Mr. Ferrar heard and faw them, but lay frill, as if he was faft afleep. The men then demanded of the people

66 62 The Life of people of the houfe, Who is this here, who lies ileeping upon the bench? They anfwered, We know not, he is lately come in very weary, and fays he is a young Italian foldier, who is going into Flanders, to ferve under Spinola. And then they entered into fome converfation in a very low voice, which Mr. Ferrar could not hear. After this they fat down at a table at the farther end of the room, and in a bold manner began to call for various things, and in drinking their wine they difcourfed of different matters, and at length grew very merry. But at laft one of the fellows went out, and after a fliort time came in again, and then after fome flight and foolifh words began to 'quarrel with the woman. She gave him as crofs words in return, and their other companion taking her part, from words they came to blows, and began to lay hands on the woman. Whereupon fhe crying out, the hofl came running in, but inftead of being appeafed by him, they grew more and more fierce. All this Mr. Ferrar heard and faw, but appeared as if he was in a found fleep, and kept his hand faft upon his rapier. They called to him

67 Nicholas Ferrar. 63 for help, but he regarded not their brawling, ftill making as if he was dead afleep. Therefore as he continued to lie ftill, and feemed to take no notice of them, their contention ceafed, and they all went out of the room in very friendly terms together. Mr. Ferrar faw all this was done to provoke him to rife, and take one part or other, that fo they might have quarrelled with him, and carried into execution fome bad defign againft him. But he heard no more of them; and not being able to fleep, he rofe at day break, and made hafte away, giving GOD thanks for his efcape out of their hands. After his efcape from this fubterranean abode, having travelled five hundred miles in Spain, in the heat of fummer, alone, and on foot, making his obfervations on the country, its curioflties, and productions, and on the difpofitions, and manners of the people, he at length arrived fafely at S. Sebaftian's. Here he found a fhip ready to fail for England, but waiting for a fair wind. In this interval he received great civilities from the captain of the veffel, and from all the Englifh fettled at that place* At length the wind came fair, and after

68 64 The Life of after a few days' happy paftage he landed at Dover, where he returned his fincere thanks to GOD for bringing him in health and fafety to his native country. We are now no longer to consider Mr. Ferrar as a young man travelling for amufement and inftruction, difplay ing everywhere uncommon abilities, illuftrious virtue, and indefatigable industry, exciting the higher! admiration, and receiving in every country univerfal applaufe; but we mail now fee him the man of bufmefs, applying with unwearied attention the great talents with which GOD had blefted him, to important negociations both of a private, and a public nature. His return was at a very critical time. For one branch of his family was in great diftrefs, and flood in need of his care and wifdom. His brother John Ferrar was likewife entered into a great public employment, by which he became engaged in many affairs which required his amftance. For Sir Edwyn Sandys being chofen Governor of the Virginia Company, Mr. John Ferrar was made King's Counfel for that plantation. He therefore left the management of his concerns in merchandife to his friends

69 Nicholas Ferrar. 6s friends and partners. And the Virginia courts after this were kept at the houfe of Mr. Ferrar the father; who from his fingular affection for that honourable company, himfelf being one of the firft adventurers of that plantation, and the Somers Iflands, allowed them the ufe of his great hall, and other heir, rooms of his houfe to hold their weekly and daily meetings. Many other things both of public and private concernment, now on foot, feemed equally to call for the prefence and aftiftance of Mr. N. Ferrar. For (not to fpeak of public matters) to all human appearance, without his advice, diligence, and great wifdom in managing the private affairs of his family at this critical juncture, there had been great danger not only of much lofs in many particulars, but even of the overthrow and ruin of his elder brother. Immediately after his arrival at Dover Mr. Ferrar rode pofl to London; and finding the door of his father's houfe open, he entered with his rich rapier at his fide, arrayed only in his caffock and doublet, and juft in the manner as he had travelled from Madrid to S. Sebaftian's. The meeting between the worthy parents F and

70 66 The Life of and their beloved fon, whom they had not feen for five years, and whom they had expected never to have {&en again, was mutually affectionate and endearing to the higher!; degree, and may more eaflly be imagined than defcribed. This his unexpected and much wifhed for return was in the year 1618 ; he himfelf being then twenty-fix, his father feventy-two, and his mother fixty-two years of age. He foon mowed himfelf upon the Exchange, and in perfon returned his thanks to thofe merchants by whofe factors he had received his remittances, and many local civilities. He was now much noticed both for the beauty of his perfon, and for his many eminent qualities: and all his friends foon found that the accounts they had received of his worth and wifdom from abroad had not been exaggerated, but that his virtues, and his accomplishments furpaffed all report, and all expectation. In his travels through Holland, Germany, Italy and Spain, Mr. Ferrar purchafed many rare articles of curiofity, many fcarce and valuable books, and learned treatifes in the languages of thofe different countries. In collecting which he certainly had a principal eye

71 Nicholas Ferrar. 67 eye to thofe which treated the fubjects of a fpiritual life, devotion, and religious retirement. He bought alfo a very great number of prints engraved by the beft mailers of that time ; all relative to hiftorical paftages of the Old and New Teftament. Indeed he let nothing of this fort that was valuable efcape him. And this great treafure of rarities, books, and prints, upon his return home, he had the fatisfaction to find were fafely arrived there before him. It now comes in the order of time to fpeak of the great hand which Mr. N. Ferrar had, immediately after his return, in the management of the affairs of the Virginia Company; in which, by his prudent conduct, he got through many and great difficulties with high credit and reputation. Soon after Mr. Ferrar's return, Sir Edwyn Sandys who had heard a high character of him from many who had known him in Italy, fought his acquaintance ; and being exceedingly taken with his great abilities, took the firft opportunity to make him known to the Earl of Southampton, and the other principal members of the Virginia Company. In a very little time he was made one of a particular committee in fome F 1 buiinefs

72 68 The Life of bufinefs of great importance; whereby the company having fufficient proof of his extraordinary abilities, at the next general court it was propofed and agreed that he fhould be King's Counfel for the Virginia plantation in the place of his brother John, who was then made the Deputy Governor. And when his name, according to cuftom, was entered in the Lord Chamberlain's book, Sir Edwyn Sandys took care to acquaint that Lord with his uncommon worth : which indeed daily more and more appeared in every thing he undertook: and as he wanted no ability, fo he fpared no diligence in ordering all their affairs of confequence. And thus he became deeply engaged in cares of a public nature. Yet his own inclinations at his return led him rather to think of fettling himfelf again at Cambridge, to which he was the more induced, as he ftill held the Phyiic Fellowfhip in Clare Hall. But this he now faw could not be done. Befides, his parents, now grown old, requefted their beloved fon to remain with them. Therefore all he could obtain in this refpect from them, and from his buiinefs, was the liberty now and then to pafs a few days with his old

73 Nicholas Ferrar. 69 old acquaintance and friends frill remaining in Cambridge. At this time, 1619, Mr. Henry Briggs, the celebrated Mathematician, and Reader of Geometry at Grefham College, and one of the Virginia Company, being about to leave London, and fettle at Oxford as Savilian ProfefTor there, recommended it to the City of London, who had the gift of that ProfefTormip, that they mould by all means offer the place to Mr. Ferrar upon his own terms, faying, That he was the ablefl proficient he knew in that fcience. The offer was made accordingly, which Mr. Ferrar modeftly declined, faying his friend Mr. Briggs was much miftaken in him, and that his affection and goodnefs to him had mined his judgment. He therefore prayed them to appoint fome more worthy perfon ; but that for himfelf, though he declined the intended honour, he would always be ready to ferve the City of London, and the magnificent foundation of Sir Thomas Grefham, to the utmofh of his power. While Sir Edwyn Sandys continued Governor, the reputation of the Virginia Company rofe very high under his prudent management. But having now ferved his year

74 yo The Life of year, and being by the general voice intended to have been elected again, by fome fecret power at Court all the meafures were broken that had been before taken for that purpofe. Sir Edwyn Sandys having been thus et afide, the Earl of Southampton was chofen Governor, with Mr. John Ferrar as Deputy. This nobleman had a particular friendship with Sir Edwyn Sandys, and took this office conditionally that his friend mould continue his advice and afliftance in the bufinefs of the company. So that there were now three very able men engaged. Lord Southampton, Sir Edwyn Sandys, and Mr. Nicholas Ferrar. Lord Southampton celebrated for wifdom, eloquence^ and fweet deportment; Sir Edwyn Sandys for great knowledge and integrity; and Nicholas Ferrar for "wonderful abilities,. unwearied diligence, and the ftricteft virtue. The latter was now fully employed in drawing up inftructions concerning all the various bufinefs refpecling the plantation, in writing all letters of advice to the colony in Virginia, and in being conftantly one in every committee. Which inftructions and letters being always read in the open courts, gained

75 Nicholas Ferrar. 71 gained him univerfal approbation. The civilians, the common lawyers, the divines, (of which laft Dean Williams afterwards Bifhop of Lincoln was one,) who attended thefe courts, when acquainted with Mr. Ferrar's performances, all fpoke of him in highefl: terms of commendation. The merchants and tradefmen, when he had occafion to fpeak of their matters, even the fea officers and mariners, when he gave directions about the victualling and ordering the mips or other naval affairs, all were in the highefl: admiration of his abilities and accurate knowledge of every thing relating to their refpective profeflions. And now under the management and direction of Lord Southampton, Sir Edwyn Sandys, and Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, the affairs of the Virginia Plantation were foon in the moft flouriihing fituation. At this time there was in London a Mr. Copeland, a Minifter in the Somers Iflands, who contracted a great intimacy with Mr. Ferrar. He was a worthy man, and very zealous for the conversion of the infidel natives of America. He had many conferences with Mr. Ferrar upon this fubject, and the befl: way and means to effect it; and

76 72 The Life of and he feriouily informed Sir E. Sandys and others of the company, that he verily believed Mr. Ferrar was determined fome time to leave the Old World, and fettle in Virginia, and there employ the extraordinary talents with which GOD had blefted him, and fpend his life in the converfion of the natives, or other infidels in that country: adding, "If he mould do fo, I will never forfake him, but wait upon him in that glorious work." This appears a ftrong prefumptive proof, that notwithflanding Mr. Ferrar's great abilities in different occupations, and his wonderful proficiency in various acquifitions of fcience, and other accomplifhments, yet that the peculiar bent and determination of his mind was uniformly given to the promotion of the Christian religion. At this time (April, 1620) died Mr. Ferrar the father, who made his fon Nicholas his fole executor ; which was a great addition to the bufinefs already lying upon him : but he had abilities equal to anything, and to every thing, with firmnefs of mind and integrity equal to his ability. Mr. Ferrar, Senior, by his will gave ^300 towards erecting a fchool or college in Virginia for the better

77 Nicholas Ferrar. 73 better education of fuch infidel children as mould be there converted to the Chriftian religion. He was buried in the church of S. Bennet Sherhog, April 12, and his old friend Dr. Francis White, whom he brought from the obfcurity of the country into a more public life, preached his funeral fermon to a crowded audience ; in which he defcribed him as a fecond Nathaniel, an Ifraelite indeed in whom was no guile. The Virginia plantation, now under the government of the Earl of Southampton, became every day of higher reputation, and the affairs of the company in confequence every day of more weighty importance. So that Mr. Ferrar, both as counfel to the company, and affiftant alfo to his brother as deputy governor, was prefted by a double weight of care : as the company vrould not permit the deputy to refign till he had' executed his office three years, which he did 1619, under Sir Edwyn Sandys, and 1620, 1621, under the Earl of Southampton. But now the increafing fame of this company, and the wife management of it was carried into Spain, and caufed no fmall alarm. The politicians there faw, or pretended

78 74 The Life of tended to fee danger in the courfe of not many years. Virginia was too near them, both by fea and land : and they did not know but the people of that plantation, when once a little fettled, might perhaps be looking over the hills, and at length fpy out their rich mines. Gondomar therefore, the Spanifh AmbafTador, had it in commiffion to have a fpecial eye upon the company, and the managers of their affairs. And he was indeed a vigilant obferver of his instructions. He not only gained an abfolute influence over the King, but many great men about him, whom he had bought with Spanifh money: thefe were very powerful, and well known at court by the name of the Spanifh party. Gondomar and the King had now agreed upon the destruction of the Virginia Company. Notice of their defigns was given to Lord Southampton and Sir -Edwyn Sandys, by the Marquis of Hamilton and the Earl of Pembroke; who privately warned them to look well to themfelves, and their proceedings, for that many Stratagems were now in train, and would be pufhed to the utmoft to procure the destruction of the plantation, and to ruin all perfons

79 Nicholas Ferrar. 75 perfons who mould be employed in fupporting the affairs of the company. This opportune advice produced a double care and watchfulnefs in the managers, if poflible to prevent the intended mifchief. In the Eafter term, 1622, Mr. John Ferrar having been continued deputy governor three years, Nicholas Ferrar was elected to fucceed him. For Lord Southampton plainly told the deputation from the company, who waited on him to deiire he would confent to be re-elected, that if they did not choofe Mr. Nicholas Ferrar to be the deputy governor, he could not any longer take the office of governor upon him ; faying that he was the only perfon who was able to go through with the bufinefs ; and to encounter all thofe great and potent oppositions, which he knew either were, or very foon would be raifed againfr. the company and the plantation; and that without Mr. Ferrar's affiftance all would fall to ruin. You all, he continued, fee and know his abilities and his integrity as well as I. On condition of his being deputy, I will be your governor : but he muffc be the perfon who muft act both mine and his own part alfo. Without him I dare

80 y6 The Life of dare not accept the office ; with him, I will do all I can to ferve you. Thefe things being thus fettled, the meetings at Mrs. Ferrar's houfe began again to be crowded, as ufual; and Gondomar exerted double diligence, procuring by Spanifh gold, fpies, who informed him of every thing that was done at thefe meetings ; and what added greatly to his influence, the Spanifh party at court carried every thing with a high hand. But by Mr. Ferrar's care and induffcry things feemed, notwithstanding, to be getting again in a fair way towards a lafkng fettlement. After a fhort time, however, a commiftion was granted by the King to fome known enemies to the company to difturb and teaze them by vexatious examinations. And one Captain Butler, whom the company had removed from his office for fcandalous mifmanagement and injuflice, was fuborned, and made an inftrument to fpread difadvantageous reports of the country itfelf, as unfit to be planted, being extremely unhealthy and entirely unproductive. Before thefe commiflioners Mr. Ferrar often appeared in the defence of the company,

81 Nicholas Ferrar. 77 pany, and exerted himfelf with fuch firmnefs and force of argument, not only face to face to the accufers, but by fuch unanfwerable deductions in writing, that the commiflioners were not able to proceed : all their allegations being demonftrated by him to be falfe and frivolous. The matter therefore was brought from them before the council table. And then Mr. Ferrar, and the company were forced to attend there twice or thrice a week for half a year together, in order to weary them out by a vexatious perfecution. But notwithstanding all thefe infamous machinations, nothing could be taken hold of to wrefl the patent from the company. They were often indeed required to lay it down ; but this they refufed to do. At this time, though there were many able men of the company ready to defend their juft caufe, yet the Lords of the Council infifted that the deputy, being, as they faid, the reprefentative of the company, mould be the only perfon to anfwer their objections. And this they did on feeing him fo young a man, thinking from that circumffcance to gain fome advantage over him. But he anfwered them all with that fingular wifdom and modefty, that accurate knowledge of affairs,

82 78 The Life of affairs, that difcretion, firmnefs, and eloquence, that the mercenaries of Gondomar were confounded ; and then by a new and unexpected artifice, and in pretended admiration of his great abilities, faid it was pity but that he mould be taken off from his prefent bufinefs, and employed in public affairs of more weighty importance. Accordingly overtures were made, and a negociation entered upon with Lord Southampton and Sir Edwyn Sandys, to prevail with them to perfuade Mr. Ferrar to accept the place of Clerk of the Council, or (Leiger) Envoy to the Duke of Savoy, which of the two employments he himfelf liked beft. He modeftly declined the offer, faying his abilities were not fufrlcient for a poft of fuch weighty importance. His friends continued to prefs him, and he to refufe. At length he told them that he could not accept of fuch preferment, that his thoughts lay quite another way. But feeing their importunity continue, he in confidence to his two great friends, and on their promife of fecrecy, declared to them his folemn determination, when he fhould have difcharged the duties of his prefent fituation, to enter upon a ftate of religious retirement. Still

83 Nicholas Ferrar. 79 Still however the fame unjuft perfecution of the company was carried on; and Mr. Ferrar ftill remained unanfwerable in his defence. When one day the Lord Treafurer Cranfleld in great heat of paftion told him, that he could prevail with the company if he would, and they might then obtain all that they defired, Nicholas Ferrar then being called to the upper end of the Council table, addrefted himfelf with all humility to the Lords, and Cf to Lord Cranfield in particular, befeeching them in the moft earneft manner not to entertain fo vain an imagination. That there were many members of the company much better qualified than he was to fpeak upon their affairs. Neverthelefs, that he humbly entreated their Lordfhips to confider ferioufly, whether, if fuch a number of the Virginia Company as made a court, or whether, if all thofe members who lived in and near London, mould meet and affemble together, whether even all thefe could either in law or equity give up the patent, without the previous confent of all the reft of the members, to the number of fome thoufands now difperfed all over England. And thefe too not perfons of

84 8o The Life of inferior rank, but perfons of the firft condition, of the nobility and gentry, of the Bifhops and Clergy, of the chief citizens, and of the principal companies and corporations throughout the whole kingdom. Befides thefe, all the planters alfo in Virginia, who were all included in the grant, and who all upon the encouragement, and promifed protection of the King, under the Great Seal of England, and the pledge of his royal word and honour, adventured their eftates, and many of them even their lives in this the greatefl and molt honourable undertaking in which England had ever been engaged. He reprefented alfo the great good which in numberlefs fources of wealth and ftrength, would by means of this corporation, and through the encouragement of their care, by the bleffing of GOD, fhortly accrue to this nation. And he again and again mort earnestly befought their Lordfhips to take all thefe things into their mort ferious confideration ; and no longer to urge them, not the twentieth part of the perfons interested, to do an action which was in itfelf both unjuft and unreafonable, and indeed impoflible for them to do. For how could they pretend to give away and yield

85 Nicholas Ferrar. 81 yield up the rights and interefts of other men, without the confent of the parties interested firft obtained. And in the moft folemn manner he adjured their Lordfhips not to make them the instruments of doing fo vile a thing, to which, if they confented, they fhould render themfelves worthy of the fevered punifhment. Befides, he faid, it is worthy your Lordihips' farther consideration, how far fuch a precedent may poffibly operate, and how dangerous fuch an example may be, if only a twentieth part of any company fhould prefume, or fhould be permitted to deliver up the liberties and privileges, the rights, and the property of the other nineteen parts, and that without fo much as once calling them together to give their confent. This, he continued, was what the company now aftembled, muft refufe as a thing unjuft, and not feafible for them to do." The Lord Treafurer upon his difcourfing thus, being inflamed with violent paffion, often interrupted him, and fo did fome others. But the Marquis of Hamilton, the Earl of Pembroke, and fome other Lords of the council faid, Nay, my good Lords, forbear. Let him make an end. We have G called

86 82 The Life of called him hither to know what he can fay on the company's behalf. Let us therefore not interrupt him : it is but reafonable to hear him out. Mr. Deputy, go on. Mr. Ferrar, with the moft refpedtful humility then faid, cc Moft honourable Lords, I was juft on the point of concluding. I will add only this, that as for my own private intereft, and the intereft of many here prefent, and of many others who are ab fen t, my Lords, we all moft humbly caft ourfelves and our eftates at his Majefty's royal feet: let him do with us and with them, if fo he be determined, what feemeth beft unto his good will and pleafure. For as to what is really our own, and in us to give, we fubmit it all to his Majefty's. difpofal ; and in all other things we fhall endeavour to ferve and pleafe him in all that with a confcience unhurt we may : defiring only this, that with refpect to the rights and property of others, we may be permitted to execute the truft repofed in us, with fidelity and honour, and to difcharge religioufly thofe duties, which, as they are of the firft importance, ought to have the firft influence upon the mind of man." Then

87 Nicholas Ferrar. 83 Then the Marquis of Hamilton flood up, and with a loud voice faid, Mr. Deputy, in my opinion, my Lords, hath fpoken well, excellently well both for himfelf, and for the company. And what, my Lords, can we now deiire more of him? The Earl of Pembroke feconded Lord Hamilton, and faid, Surely, my Lords, I hope the King (if he fhall hear all) will be fatisfied with what we have done, but particularly with what we have now heard. Let us fairly report it to him, and then let his Majefty do what he thinks moft proper. We have fat a long time upon this bufinefs, and at length we may conjecture the refult. * Gondomarwith his profligate inftruments, the King, and the Spanilh party at court, perceiving that Mr. Ferrar, (having demon-. ftrated all their allegations to be falfe and groundlefs) had rendered all their violence ineffectual, now had recourfe to a different mode of proceeding. They fuborned, and procured perfons to bring forward a crimination again!! him, who came and exhibited in form a complaint to the Council board. The fubftance of the accufation was this, That the deputy, during the times of his appearing before the council, had drawn G 2 up

88 84 The Life of up and fent to the governor and plantation of Virginia certain dangerous inftrucshons, and inflammatory letters of advice, directing them how they fhould conduct themfelves in {landing to their patent, and exhorting them that they fhould never give their confent to let it be delivered up. And therefore that if thefe letters and instructions were not countermanded by their Lordfhips, fome very ill confequence might enfue, and the King might thereby receive much dishonour. As foon as this pretended complaint was lodged in form, inftantly, though it was then very late at night, fome purfuevants, who were kept in readinefs for that purpofe, were defpatched in all hafte to Mrs. Ferrar's houfe to fpeak with the deputy, and to command him without any delay immediately to deliver up to them all thofe hooks of the Virginia company wherein were regiftered the copies of all fuch letters and inftructions as had been fent to the plantation from the council or company here. Mr. Ferrar told them that the Secretary of the Virginia company, and not he, had the keeping of thofe books. They then required him to give them a note to the Secre-

89 Nicholas Ferrar. 85 Secretary to deliver them. But he excufed himfelf, faying, c< Surely your commhtion will be a better authority for him to do fo, than any note which I can fend him. For my own part, if I had the company's evidences in my pofleflion, entrusted to my cuftody, I certainly would not deliver them up, unlefs I had their leave, and exprefs order fo to do." When he faid this they left him, and went to the Secretary, and forced him.to deliver 'up the books to them. The next day the deputy, and many lords and gentlemen concerned in the company, were fummoned to attend at the Council table. For the accufers of the company had given it out publicly, that now very ftrange things indeed would be difcovered in thefe books and inftruclions, and brought forth to public view. On this account there was a very numerous attendance, and all the Lords of the council alfo were particularly fummoned to attend. When the council was met, the deputy (as heretofore) was commanded to come to the upper end of the table. Then the acxufers of the company defired of the Lords that one of the clerks of the council might read

90 86 The Life of read fuch and fuch letters and inftructions written in fuch and fuch months. Some of which being read, the Lords of the council looked upon one another with evident marks of aftonifhment; obferving that there was nothing of that dangerous confequence in thofe papers, which the accufers had informed them they would difcover; but on the contrary much matter of high commendation. Point out, faid one lord, where is the fault or error in thefe letters and inftructions ; for my own part I muft fay that I cannot fee any. The enemies of the company then prayed their lordfhips to hear them all read out; and then they faid it would foon appear where the faults lay. Yea, yea, faid the Lord Treafurer with vehemence, read on, read on : we mail anon find them. So they ftill perfifted to read. And in a word, fb much patience had the lords, or rather fo much pleafure, that many of them faid they thought their time had been well fpent. All thefe letters and inflruclions being in the end thus read out, and nothing at all appearing which was any ways difadvantageous to the company, but on the contrary very much to their credit and honour : the Mar-

91 Nicholas Ferrar. 87 Marquis of Hamilton flood up, and faid, That there was one letter which he prayed might be read over again, on which he mould defire to make a few obfervations. Which being accordingly done, Well! faid he, my lords, we have fpent many hours here, in hearing all thefe letters and inftructions, and yet I could not help requesting to hear this one letter over again; becaufe I think that all your lordfhips muft agree with me that it is abfolutely a mafter piece. And indeed they are all in high degree excellent. Truly, my lords, we have this day loft no time at all. For I do afture you that if our attendance here, were for many days, I for my part would willingly fit them out to hear fo pious, fo wife, and indeed politic inftructions as thefe are. They are papers as admirably well penned as any I ever heard. And, I believe, if the truth were known, your lordfhips are all of the fame opinion. The Earl of Pembroke faid, There is not one thing in them all, which, as far as I can fee,deferves in the leafldegree to be excepted againft. On the contrary they all deferve the higher!: commendation : containing advices far more excellent than I could have expected to have met with in the letters of a trad-

92 88 The Life of a trading company. For they abound with foundnefs of good matter, and profitable inftr'udfcion with refpecl: both to religion and policy; and they poftefs uncommon elegance of language. Many other lords concurred in thefe commendations, and at length one, addrefting himfelf to Mr. Ferrar, faid, Mr. Deputy, I pray you tell us who penned thefe letters and infractions, we have fome reafon to think it was yourfelf. Mr. Ferrar, whofe modefty and humility were not inferior to his other rare accomplifhments, replied, My lord, thefe are the letters and inffcruclions of the company, and the council of the company. For in all weighty affairs they order feveral committees to make each a rough draught of what they judge proper to be done in thefe matters : which rough draughts are afterward all put together, and prefented firft to the council, and then to the company to receive all proper alteration, as they mall pleafe. And thus every thing is drawn up and concluded upon the opinion and advice of many. After due commendation of his modefty as well as his ability, it was replied to him, Mr. Deputy, That thefe papers before us are the production of one pen, is very plainly

93 Nicholas Ferrar. 89 plainly difcernible : they are jewels that all come out of one rich cabinet, of which we have undoubted reafon to believe that you are the true poftertor. The lords under the influence of Gondomar were now abafhed and filent; only one of them faid to the accufers of the company, What ftrange and unaccountable meafures are thefe that you have taken! to have us called together, and to make us fit and hear all thefe things, which are entirely oppofite to your own informations, and which meet, as you find, with univerfal approbation. To which one man of a bold fpirit replied, We mall frill in the end carry our point. Thefe, my good lord, are not the letters and inflruclions which we meant. The company have others no doubt in private, which they fecrete, and which if they could now be found, would quickly filence them. We have lately heard of things pafling in their courts which would furprife you. On which one of the council rofe and faid, My lords, fuch malevolence and injustice is unequalled: fuch proceedings are not to be endured. But unprincipled malice has a face too brazen to be afhamed of any thing. The lords then rofe, and the adverfaries

94 90 The Life of verfaries of the company were much confounded, having now with all honeft and impartial men entirely loft all credit. The very night after this meetings one of the clerks of the Council came to Lord Southampton and told him that his deputy had that day gained a moft complete victory, and had extorted the higheft commendations even from the lords of the adverfe party : and it was fuppofed that propofals would be made to him to engage in the King's immediate fervice. But for all that, my lord, faid he, depend upon it, fuch the times are, your patent is irretrievably gone. Lord Southampton communicated this information to the lords and gentlemen interefted in the company, faying, You all well know that thofe things which our enemies thought would have been to their advantage and our damage, have hitherto all turned out to our credit and to our honour, neverthelefs all will not help us. It is determined that our patent fhall be taken away, and the company diftolved. The King, I find, has refolved to have the management of the plantation in his own hands, to direct, and govern as he fees beft. A thing indeed worthy a t King's care : but, alas!

95 Nicholas Ferrar. 91 alas! alas! this is all but a colourable fhow. For you will find in the end that this worthy company will be broken, and come to nothing. We muft all arm ourfelves with patience. Mr. Ferrar had now gained the higheft reputation with all ranks of men for the uncommon abilities which he difplayed on every occaflon, and the efteem for his great virtues was unbounded, but efpecially with thofe who were interefted in the affairs of the Virginia company. At this time a citizen of the firft clafs both for riches and reputation paid him a vifit, and after the warmeft expreffions of the higheft opinion of his extraordinary talents and integrity, thus continued, Mr. Ferrar, I have an only daughter, who, if paternal affection doth not too much influence my judgment, is both wife and comely: indeed it is confeffed by all that fhe is very beautiful : I know her to have been virtuoufly educated, to be well accomplished, and to be of an amiable difpofition. If you will be pleafed to accept of her as your wife, I will immediately give you with her ten thoufand pounds. Mr. Ferrar was much furprifed, returned his fincere thanks, but faid he was not worthy of

96 92 The Life of of fo great a treafure. The citizen however perfifted, faid he was really in earner! to bring about the connection : that at prefent he only made his propofal with intent to give him an opportunity to confider of it. After a few days he came again, and afked Mr. Ferrar if he had advifed with his friends concerning his propofal, faying, They all know me well. Mr. Ferrar anfwered that he had not; for you, I perceive, Sir, are greatly miftaken in me, firft in having too high an opinion of my abilities, and next with refpe<5t to my eftate, which you perhaps may conceive to be what it is not. I think myfelf infinitely obliged to you for your good will towards me, and for honouring me fo far as to think, what I cannot think of myfelf, that I am any way worthy of fo inefkmable a treafure as your daughter. Mr. Ferrar, he replied, do not talk thus to me : for I know you perfectly well; and as for your eftate, I give myfelf no manner of concern about it. What fortune you have I demand not to know. Let it be what it will; if you have nothing, I thank GOD that I have enough to make you and my daughter happy as to all worldly matters. And as to my own part, I ihall think myfelf

97 Nicholas Ferrar. 93 myfelf the happiefl: man upon, earth to have you my fon-in-law, and my daughter muft be equally happy to have fo accomplifhed, and fo virtuous a man for her hufband. By means of an intimate friend of the father, an interview was brought about at this friend's houfe between the young lady and Mr; Ferrar, where in a felect company they pafted feveral hours together. The father then took a convenient opportunity to afk his daughter what me thought of Mr. Ferrar, to which me anfwered, Nothing but good. Can you then like him for a hufband? To which with equal ingenuoufnefs and modefty fhe replied, Sir, I mall with pleafure do in this, as well as in all other things, as you will pleafe to have me : my duty and my inclination will go together. Matters being fo far advanced, the father faid to Mr. Ferrar, Now, Sir, you have feen my daughter, I hope her perfon and deportment are fuch as fo merit your approbation. As to your own eftate, nothing is defired to be known. Be that as it may; I have enough ; I like you, and my daughter fubmits herfelf to my choice. Now let me have your anfwer. Mr. Ferrar replied, The young lady your daughter, Sir, is in every

98 The Life of every refpect not only unexceptionable/but highly to be admired : fhe is beautiful and accomplifhed, and amiable to the greatefl: degree, and far fuperior to all that I can merit: indeed I do not, I cannot deferve this great happinefs. I return you my fincereft thanks for your unequalled, goodnefs to me ; and in the confidence of friendfhip I will now acquaint you with the private and fixed determination of my mind. If GOD will give me grace to keep a refolution long fince formed, I have determined to lead a fingle life ; and after having difcharged, to the befl of my ability, my duty to the company, and to my family as to worldly concerns, I ferioufly purpofe to devote myfelf to GOD, and to go into a religious retirement. Thus ended this affair, and the father ever after preferved the moft affectionate friendfhip for Mr. Ferrar. Mr. Ferrar's efforts, however, on behalf of the company were all in vain. For he, as deputy, and thirty more of the directors and principal perfons of the Virginia company were ferved with a writ of Quo Warranto, and commanded to fhow by what authority they pretended to exercife a power over the plantation, and fend a governor

99 Nicholas Ferrar. 95 governor thither : and by this procefs the company were now obliged to go to law to defend their rights. The cafe was given againft them, the fentence being, cc That the patent or charter of the company of Englifh merchants trading to Virginia, and pretending to exercife a power and authority over his Majefty's good fubjects there, ihould be thenceforth null and void." The great reputation of Mr. Ferrar being now fpread over all parts of the country by the members of the late diffolved Virginia company, he was in 1624 elected a Member of Parliament. As this in a general confideration was highly proper on account of his extenfive abilities, and known integrity ; fo was there a peculiar propriety in his election at this time; as there was an intention now to call to account before the Houfe of Parliament, thofe perfons who had abufed the King's ear, and had been guilty of thofe violent enormities in the falfe accufation of the managers of the Virginia company. For it was well known that Mr. Ferrar was not only more accurately acquainted with all the circumftances of that affair than any other perfon, but had alfo abilities

100 9 6 The Life of abilities and firmnefs fufficient to carry on the profecution in a proper manner. The Prince being now returned from Spain in great difcontent, the Spanifh party at court began in fome degree to lofe their influence. The Parliament met. Mr. Ferrar was appointed one of feveral committees. Sir Edwyn Sandys, and many other members of the late Virginia company were alfo in this parliament. A charge was brought in againft the Lord Treafurer, the Earl of Middlefex, for taking bribes, and divers other exorbitances committed in the execution of his office ; and alfo for his conduct in the Virginia affair, and his violence in taking away the patent, and diftolving the company. On this occafion the Houfe appointed the Lord William Cavendifh, Sir Edwyn Sandys, and Nicholas Ferrar to draw up the charge againffc him and thofe others, who had been his inftruments in that fcandalous proceeding. The charge was foon drawn up, as Mr. Ferrar had all the neceffary materials ready in his hands. The accufation was opened by him in a fpeech which laffced two hours, and which gained him univerfal admiration. For now he was I..

101 Nicholas Ferrar. 97 was fully and publicly fccn in this exertion of his great abilities. The Lord Treafurer was deprived of his office, and punifhed by a large fine and imprifonment. The iniquity of the Virginia bufinefs being fully proved, and laid before the public, by Mr. Ferrar, and the other managers, the houfe refolved to take the whole affair into their ferious confederation, and endeavour to reftore the company. But before they could make any progrefs they received a meffage from the King, f f That he both already had, and would alfo hereafter take the affair of the faid late Virginia company into his own moft ferious confederation and care; and that by the next Parliament they mould all fee he would make it one of his mafter pieces, as it well deferved to be." And thus was all farther proceeding in that matter difhonourably flayed. Mr. Ferrar having {QCTL the diffolution of the Virginia company, and no hope left of its revival, took his leave of the Virginia affairs by now paying the 300 left by his father for the purpofe of erecting a College there, to the governor and company of the Somers Iflands : binding them in articles to fend for three Virginia children, and bring H them

102 98 The Life of them up in thofe iflands; < and when of fit age to put them out to fome proper buflnefs; or elfe educate them in learning and then fend them back to the place of their birth, to convert their countrymen: and that when the firft three were thus difpofed of, three other mould from time to time be fent for in fucceffion for the fame benevolent purpofe. And thus ended Mr. Ferrar's public life, in which he difplayed many proofs of great and extenflve abilities, and of uncommon virtue, particularly of indefatigable diligence, induftry, and adhvity, by which he gained univerfal admiration, and performed many important fervices, both to the Virginia company, and all others with whom he was concerned. The King having feized the patent and diftolved the Virginia company, and Mr, Ferrar having feen the attefled copies of all the books and papers belonging to them delivered into fafe cuftody in the Dorfet family, he was now difengaged from public cares, and determined to carry into execution the plan he had long fet his heart upon, to bid farewell to the bufy world, and fpend the remainder of his days in religious

103 Nicholas Ferrar. religious retirement, and a Ariel: courfe of devotion. Yet before he could complete his pious purpofe it was neceflary for him finally to fettle fome matters of great confequence, though of a private nature., which had been entrusted to his care. His eflablifhed reputation for inflexible integrity had influenced feveral perfons to prevail with him to undertake the executorship of their wills, and the fettlement of their worldly affairs : and in fome of thefe inflances this trufc concerned property of great value, and was involved in circumftances of great difficulty. Befldes thefe occupations relative to the property of others, the fltuation of his brother required his immediate and clofe attention. Mr. John Ferrar had been for three years deputy governor of the Virginia company, and in order to give himfelf up wholly to the difcharge of that important truft, he had put into the hands of his partners in mercantile bufinefs feven thoufand pounds, and afligned the management of thofe affairs over to them. He alfo advanced fix thoufand pounds more to them, for which he was engaged by a perfonal fecurity. "Whether it were by mismanagement or misfor- H i tune

104 ioo The Life of tune does not at prefent appear, but about this time the concerns of this partnerfhip were fallen into the greater!: confufion, and involved in the utmoft embarrartment. Mr. N. Ferrar neverthelefs by his great fagacity, and indefatigable industry, in a fhorter time than could be believed, extricated his brother from all his difficulties, and fettled his affairs in the mod honourable manner at the lofs of about three thoufand pounds. His next care was to provide a place Rtted for the purpoie and corresponding with his ideas of religious retirement. His mother had indeed a very large houfe in London, in which had been holden the meetings of the Virginia company : fhe had alfo a considerable eftate, and a large houfe in the town of Hertford. But neither of thefe places had his approbation, both being too much in view of the public. At length he was informed that the Lordihip of Little Gidding in the county of Huntingdon was to be fold. He immediately went thither to examine the place and premifes, which he found with refpect to privacy of ntuation exactly fuited to his winies. It was a parifh that had been for fome time depopulated. Nothing was left but

105 Nicholas Ferrar. 101 but one extremely, large manfion houfe, going haftily to decay, and a fmall church within thirty or forty paces of the houfe, and at that time converted into a barn. Upon his return to London he purchafed the whole lordfhip, and this purchafe was made in the year But now the plague having been fome time in London, was in the year 1625 fpread over moft parts of the town, and was difcoyered to be at the very next door to Mrs. Ferrar's houfe. Mr. N. Ferrar was therefore very urgent that me and the family would immediately depart into the country: but while fhe lingered, being unwilling to leave him behind, he procured a coach and at length prevailed : and that very night, Whitfun-eve, fhe with her fon John, and the reft of the family went to her houfe at Hertford, and the following week to her daughter Collet's, at Bourne Bridge in Cambridgeshire. Mr. N. Ferrar would have attended his mother, hut that he had not completely fettled his brother's affairs. During this bufinefs, Mr. J. Ferrar, leaving his mother at Bourne, went to Gidding to make fome' neceftary preparation there for the reception of

106 io2 The Life of of the family, who were now become very unhappy at the ftay of Mr. N. Ferrar in London, as they had been informed that the diforder was fatal every week to more than four thoufand perfons. As foon as he had flnifhed the bufinefs which required his flay, he, with great joy and gratitude to GOD, repaired to Gidding : from whence he wrote to his mother entreating her not to come to him in lefs than a month, that it might appear whether he had brought away any infection with him. But her impatience to fee him was fo great, that three days after fhe rode thither, and their meeting was fuch as might, at that time, be expected between a pious parent and a dutiful fon, to the higher! degree mutually affectionate. In its circumstances indeed very different from the modern meetings of parent and fon; for he, though twenty-feven years of age, who had been engaged in many public concerns of great importance, had been a diftinguiihed Member of Parliament, and had conducted with effect the profecution of the prime minifter of the day, at firift approaching his mother, knelt upon the ground to ask, and receive her blemng. Modern cuftoms indicate a great change of manners with refpect to

107 Nicholas Ferrar. 103 to the reverence then thought due to parents. He then befought her to go into the houfe, rude as it was, and repofe herfelf. This fhe refufed till fhe had given thanks to GOD in the church, which was very near at hand. But fhe was exceedingly grieved to find it filled with hay, and inftruments of hufbandry. Immediately all the workmen, many in number, employed in the repair of the houfe, were fet to cleanfe and repair the church: for fhe faid, fhe would not fuffer her eyes to fleep, nor her eyelids to {lumber, till fhe had purified the temple of the LORD, and made it a habitation fit for the living GOD. In about a month's time, finding that all danger of infection was over, fhe fent for her beloved daughter Collet, and her hufband, and all their numerous family to come and live with her at Gidding. Mrs. Ferrar was now feventy-three years of age, yet was fhe poftefted of fo much vigour, and had fo much of the appearance as well as the reality of health, that all who faw her concluded her to be not more than forty. Her family now confifted of near forty perfons ; and it being a feafon of deep humiliation on account of the mortality then

108 The Life of then become general all over the kingdom, it was determined to addrefs themfelves to GOD, as often as they conveniently could, according to the doctrine and difcipline of the Church of England. To this end, Mr. N. Ferrar obtained permiftion of his old acquaintance Bifhop Williams to have the fervice performed in the church, which was now put into decent repair; and he procured the Minifter of the adjoining parifh to fay the Morning Service every day at eight o'clock, the Litany at ten, and the Evening Service at four. On the Sunday morning the whole family went to Steeple Gidding, and in the afternoon, the Minifter of that parifh, and his parifhioners, came to the church newly repaired by Mrs. Ferrar. At Eafter, 1626, the plague being then ceafed, Mr. N. Ferrar and his mother, and fome other of the family went to London, to difpofe of their great houfe there, to fettle their remaining affairs, and to take a final leave of all their friends. When they had been fome little time in London, he refolved, in order the better to carry on his affift- This refolution he religious plan by his own perfonal ance, to become a Deacon.

109 Nicholas Ferrar. 105 he communicated to none but his honoured tutor, Dr. Lindfel, who highly applauded it, and introduced him to Dr. Laud, the future Archbifhop of Canterbury, then Bifhop of S. David's, by whom he was ordained Deacon on the Trinity Sunday following. On his return home he addrefted himfelf to his mother, and mowed her in a writing figned, a vow which he had made with great folemnity; That fince GOD had fo often heard his moft humble petitions, and delivered him out of many dangers ; and in many defperate calamities had extended His mercy to him; he would therefore now give himfelf up continually to ferve GOD to the utmoft of his power, in the office of a Deacon : into which office he had that very morning been regularly ordained. That he had long ago {&cn enough of the manners, and of the vanities of the world; and that he did hold them all in fo low effceem, that he was refolved to fpend the remainder of his life in mortifications, in devotion, and charity, and in a conftant preparation for death. There is reafon to believe that even in his infancy, and before he fet out upon his travels, and after his great efcape upon the Alps,

110 io6 The Life of Alps, he did privately, and folemnly devote himfelf to GOD ; and that after his unexpected recovery from his dangerous illnefs both at Padua, and Marfeilles, he repeated thefe pious refolutions, adding alfo a vow of perpetual celibacy. The news of Mr. Ferrar being ordained was foon fpread abroad both in the city and at court ; as in both he was univerfally known and very highly efteemed. His constant friends the Marquis of Hamilton, Lord Pembroke, and Sir Edwyn Sandys took this opportunity of faying to him, That though he had formerly refufed all temporal emoluments, yet now he had taken Orders, they muft fuppofe that he had not any objection to fpiritual preferment, and immediately made him an offer of fome ecclefiaftical benefices of great value. Thefe he refufed with fteadinefs and humility, faying that he did not think himfelf worthy. He added alfo that his fixed determination was to rife no higher in the Church, than the place and office which he now poftefted, and which he had undertaken only with the view to be legally authorifed to give fpiritual afliftance, according to his abilities, to his family or others, with whom he might

111 Nicholas Ferrar. 107 be concerned. That as to temporal affairs, he had now parted with all his worldly eftate, and divided it amongfr. his family. That he earneftly befought his honoured friends to accept his fincere thanks for their good opinion of him, for whofe profperity both in this world and a better he would never ceafe to pray. And now having rimmed all buiinefs in London, and taken a folemn and final leave of all their friends, he and his mother returned to Gidding. It now comes in courfe to fpeak of the eftablifried economy both of the houfe and the church; and it is hoped that the reader will here excufe a circumflantial relation: becaufe on thefe very circumstances, mifapprehended, and mifreprefented, were founded all the calumnies and perfecution which the family afterward Suffered. Many workmen having been employed near two years, both the houfe and church were in tolerable repair, yet with refpect to the church Mrs. Ferrar was not well fatiffied. She therefore new floored and wainfcoted it throughout. She provided alfo two new fuits of furniture for the reading defk, pulpit, and Communion Table : one for

112 io8 The Life of for week days, the other for Sundays and other FefHvals. The furniture for week days was of green cloth, with fuitable cufhions and carpets. That for feftivals was of rich blue cloth, with cufhions of the fame, decorated with lace, and fringe of filver. The pulpit was fixed on the north, and the reading defk over againft it, on the fouth fide of the church, and both on the fame level: it being thought improper that a higher place mould be appointed for preaching, than that which was allotted for prayer. A new font was alfo provided, the leg, laver, and cover all of brafs, handfomely and expenfively wrought and carved; with a large brafs lectern, or pillar and eagle of brafs for the Bible. The font was placed by the pulpit, and the lectern by the reading defk. The half-pace, or elevated floor on which the Communion Table flood at the end of the Chancel, with the flails on each fide, was covered with blue taffety, and cufhions of the finefl tapeftry and blue filk. The fpace behind the Communion Table, under the eafl window, was elegantly wainfcoted, and adorned with the Ten Commandments, the LORD'S Prayer, and the Apoftles' Creed, engraved

113 Nicholas Ferrar. 109 engraved on four beautiful tablets of brafs, gilt. The Communion Table itfelf was furnifhed with a filver paten, a filver chalice, and filver candlesticks, with large wax candles in them. Many other candles of the fame fort were fet up in every part of the church, and on all the pillars of the flails. Mrs. Ferrar alfo taking great delight in Church mufic, built a gallery at the bottom of the church for the organ.* Thus was the church decently furnifhed, and ever after kept elegantly neat and clean. All matters preparatory to order and difcipline being arranged and fettled, about the year 1631, Dr. Williams, the Bifhop of Lincoln, came privately to Gidding, to pay a vifit to his old friend Mr. N. Ferrar, with whom he had contracted a friendship at the Virginia board, and for whom he ever held the higheft and moft affectionate efteem. By this vifit he had an opportunity to view the church, and the houfe, and to examine into their way of ferving GOD, which *' Thefe arrangements are not to be commended for correftnefs or tafte, but only as adts of devotion and care of the Houfe of GOD. had

114 no The Life of had been much fpoken againfl; to know alfo the foundnefs of the doctrine they maintained; to read the rules which Mr. N. Ferrar had drawn up for watching, failing, and praying, for finging pfalms and hymns, for their exercifes in readings, and repetitions ; for their diftribution of alms, their care of the fick, and wounded; and all other regularities of their inflitution. All which the Bifhop highly approved, and bade them in GOD'S name to proceed. In 1633 Mrs. Ferrar came to a refolution to refbore the glebe lands and tithes to the Church, which fome fourfcore years before had been taken away, and in lieu thereof only ^2oa year paid to the Minifler. She had from the firft been fo refolved, but had been put off by unexpected delays. She found great difficulty in making out the glebe lands : but at length by the induftry of Mr. N. Ferrar ihe overcame it. She then fent her fons John and Nicholas with a letter to the Bifhop informing him of her determination, and defiring it might be confirmed by his authority. This authority from the Bifhop was farther ftrengthened by a decree in chancery under Lord Coventry. In

115 Nicholas Ferrar. 111 In the fpring of 1634, the Bifhop gave notice, that he would again pay a vifit to the family and give them a fermon. And application was made to Dr. Towers, Dean of Peterborough, who fent his whole choir to Gidding on the occafion. Divine fervice was performed throughout in the cathedral manner with great folemnity. The Bifhop preached a fermon adapted to the occafion, and in the afternoon gave Confirmation to all of the neighbourhood who defired it. Every thing relative to the church being now completely fettled, Mr. Ferrar next turned his attention to the difpofition of the manflon. The houfe being very large, and containing many apartments, he allotted one great room for their family devotions, which he called the Oratory, and adjoining to this, two other convenient rooms, one a night Oratory for the men, the other a night Oratory for the women : he alfo fet out a feparate chamber and clofet for each of his nephews and nieces: three more he referved for the fchoolmafters ; and his own lodgings were fo contrived that he could conveniently fee that every thing was conducted with de- Jcency and order : without doors he laid put

116 HI The Life of the gardens in a beautiful manner, and formed in them many fair walks. Another circumftance that engaged his attention was, that the parifh had for many years been turned into pafture grounds ; that as there was a very large dovecote, and a great number of pigeons upon the premifes, thefe pigeons muft confequently feed upon his neighbours' corn ; and this he thought injuftice. He therefore converted this building into a fchoolhoufe, which being larger than was wanted for the young people of the family, permiflion was given to as many of the neighbouring towns as defired it, to fend their children thither, where they were inftructed without expenfe, in reading, writing, arithmetic, and the Principles of the Chriftian Religion. For this and other purpofes he provided three mailers to be conftantly refident in the houfe with him. The firft was to teach Englifh to flrangers, and Englifh and Latin to the children of the family : the fecond good writing in all its hands, and arithmetic in all its branches : the third, to inftruct them in the theory and practice of mufic, in ringing, and performing upon the organ, viol, and lute : on the laft inft.rument

117 Nicholas Ferrar. 113 ment his fitter Collet was a diftinguifhed performer. For all thefe things the children had their dated times and hours. So that though they were always in action, and always learning fomething, yet the great variety of things they were taught prevented all wearinefs, and made every thing be received with pleafure. And he was ufed to fay that he who could attain to the well-timing things, had gained an important point, and found the fureft way to accomplifh great designs with eafe. On Thurfdays and Saturdays, in the afternoons, the youths were permitted to recreate themfelves with bows and arrows, with running, leaping, and vaulting, and what other manly exercifes they themfelves liked beft. With refpect to the younger part of the females, the general mode of education was fimilar to that of the boys, except where the difference of fex made a different employment or recreation proper. When the powders of reafon and judgment became in fome degree matured, they were all at proper times taken under the immediate inflrucliion of Mr. Ferrar himfelf, who beftowed feveral hours every day in that 1 impor-

118 ii4 The Life of important employment. According to the capacity of each he gave them paftages of fcripture to get by heart, and particularly the whole book of Pfalms. He felected proper portions, of which he gave a clear explanation, and a judicious comment. But above all things he was anxioufly attentive to daily catechetical lectures, according to the doctrine of the Church of England. And in order to make his pious labours extenfively beneficial, he invited the children of all the furrounding parifhes, to get the book of Pfalms by heart. To encourage them to this performance, each was prefented with a Pfalter : all were to repair to Gidding every Sunday morning, and each was to repeat his Pfalm, till they could all repeat the whole book. Thefe Pfalm-children, as they were called, more than a hundred in number, received every Sunday, according to the proficiency of each, a fmall pecuniary reward and a dinner, which was conducted with great regularity. For when they returned from church, long treffcles were placed in the middle of the great hall, round which the children ftood in great order. Mrs. Ferrar and her family then came in to fee them ferved. The fervants brought in baked

119 Nicholas Ferrar. 115 baked puddings and meat: which was the only repaft provided on Sundays for the whole family, that all might have an op^portunity of attending divine fervice at church. She then fet on the fir ft dim herfelf, to give an example of humility. Grace was faid, and then the bell rang for the family, who thereupon repaired to the great dining room, and flood in order round the table. Whilft the dinner was ferving, they fang a hymn to the organ : then grace was faid by the minifter of the parifh, and they fat down, During dinner one of the younger people whofe turn it was, read a chapter in the Bible, and when that was finifhed, another recited fome chofen ftory out of the book of Martyrs, or Mr. Ferrar's fhort hiftories. When the dinner was finifhed throughout the family, at two o'clock the bell fummoned them to church to evening fervice, whither they went in a regular form of proceflion, Mr. N. Ferrar fometimes leading his mother, fometimes going laft in the train: and having all returned from church in the fame form, thus ended the public employment of every Sunday. Immediately after church the family all went into the Oratory, where felect por- 1 2 tions

120 n6 The Life of tions of the Pfalms were repeated, and then all were at liberty till five o'clock: at which hour in fummer, and fix in winter, the bell called them to fupper : where all the ceremonial was repeated exactly the fame as at dinner. After fupper they were again at liberty till eight, when the bell fummoned them all into the Oratory, where they fang a hymn to the organ, and went to Prayers ; when the children afked bleffing of their parents, and then all the family retired to their refpedtive apartments; and thus ended the private observation of the LORD'S Day. On the firft Sunday of every month they always had Holy Communion, which was * adminiftered by the clergyman of the adjoining parifh; Mr. N. Ferrar aftifting as deacon. All the fervants who then received the Communion, when dinner was brought up, remained in the room, and on that day dined at the fame table with Mrs. Ferrar, and the reft of the family. When their early devotions in the Oratory were fmifhed they proceeded to church in the following order, Firft, the three fchoolmafters, in black gowns, and Monmouth caps. Then,

121 Nicholas Ferrar. 117 Then, Mrs. Ferrar's grandfons, clad in the fame manner, two and two. Then, her fon Mr, J. Ferrar, and her fon in law Mr. Collet, in the fame drefs. Then, Mr. N. Ferrar, infurplice, hood, and fquare cap, fometimes leading his mother. Then, Mrs. Collet, and all her daughters, two and two. Then, all the fervants, two and two. The drefs of all was uniform. Then, on Sundays, all the Pfalm-children, two and two. As they came into the church, every perfon made a low obeifance, and all took their appointed places. The matters, and gentlemen in the chancel: the youths knelt on the upper ftep of the half-pace : Mrs. Ferrar, her daughters and all her grand-daughters in a fair ifland feat.* Mr. N. Ferrar at coming in made a low obeifance; a few paces farther, a lower ; and at the half-pace, a lower ftill: then went into the reading defk, and faid matins according to the * It is almoft needlefs to remark that this fpecimen of internal arrangement is an incorrect one. The Chancel is not intended for any that do not take an ofecial part in the Service, i.e. only for the Clergy and Choir. Book

122 n8 The Life of Book of Common Prayer. This fervice over, they returned in the fame order, and with the fame folemnity. This Ceremonial was regularly obferved every Sunday, and that on every common day was nearly the fame. They rofe at four ; at five went to the Oratory to prayers; at fix, faid the Pfalms of the hour ; for every hour had its appointed Pfalms, with fome portion of the Gofpel, till Mr. Ferrar had finifhed his concordance, when a chapter of that work was fubftituted in place of the portion of the Gofpel. Then they fang a fhort hymn, repeated fome paftages of Scripture, and at half-pan: fix went to Church to Matins. At {even faid the Pfalms of the hour, fang the fhort hymn, and went to breakfafr.. Then the young people repaired to their refpe6t.ive places of inftruclion. At ten, to Church to the Litany. At eleven to dinner. At which feafon were regular readings in rotation, from the Scripture, and from the book of Martyrs, and from fhort hiftories drawn up by Mr. Ferrar, and adapted to the purpofe of moral inftruction. Recreation was permitted till one ; inftruction was continued till three. Church at four, for evenfong ; fupper at five, or fometimes fix.

123 Nicholas Ferrar. 119 fix. Diverfions till eight. Then Prayers in the Oratory : and afterwards all retired to their refpective apartments. To preferve regularity in point of time, Mr. Ferrar invented dials in painted glafs in every room: he had alfo fundials, elegantly painted with proper mottos, on every fide of the Church : and he provided an excellent clock to a fonorous bell. The ihort hiftories alluded to above were probably compofed on the occafion, and to fuit fome prefent purpofe. Thofe which are ftill remaining in my pofteftion are put together without any regularity of feries, or any dependence of one upon another, and are as in the catalogue annexed. The Life of Monica. Of Abraham. Of Eliezer. Of the Lady Paula. Of Hyldegardis. Of Paracelfus. Of.Dr. Whitaker. Of Scaliger. Of Mr. Perkins. Of Dr. Metcalf. Of Sir Francis Drake. Of Mr. Cambden. LIVES. The Life of Haman. Of Wolfey. Of Brandon Duke of Suffolk. Of Lord Burleigh. Of Sir J. Markham. Of S. Auguftin. OfBilhop Ridley. Of Lady Jane Grey. Of Queen Elizabeth. Of Guftavus Adolphus. Of the Black Prince. The

124 i2o The Life of The Life of Joan Queen The Life of Jehu. of Naples. Of Andronicus Corn- Of the Witch of Endor. menus. Of Joan of Arc. Of the Duke of Alva. Of Caefar Borgia. CHARACTERS. The good Wife. The good Hufband. The good Parent. The good Child. The good Mafter. The good Servant The good Widow. The conflant Virgin. The elder Brother. The younger Brother. The good Advocate. The good Phyfician. The controverfial Divines. The true Church antiquary. The general Artift. The faithful Minifter. The good Parifhioner. The good Patron. The good Landlord. The good Mafter of a College. The good Schoolmafter. The good Merchant. The good Yeoman. The Handicrafts Man. The good Soldier. The good Sea-captain. The good Herald. The true Gentleman. The Favourite. The wife Statefman. The good Judge. The good Bifhop. The true Nobleman. The Court Lady. The EmbafTador. The good General. The heir Apparent to the Crown. The King. The Harlot. The Witch. The Atheift. The Hypocrite. The Heretic. The rigid Donatift. The Liar. The common Barrator. The degenerous Gentleman. The Pazzians'Confpiracy. The Tyrant. GENE-

125 CHAP. Nicholas Ferrar. 121 GENERAL RULES, OR ESSAYS. I. Of Hofpitality. 2. Of Jelling. 3. Of Self-praifing. 4. Of Travelling. 5. Of Company. 6. Of Apparel. 7. Of Building. 8. Of Anger. 9. Of expedling Preferment. 10. Of Memory. II. OfFaney. 12. Of Natural Fools. 13. Of Recreations. 14. Of Tombs. CHAP. 15. Of Deformities. 16. Of Plantations. 17. Of Contentment, 18. Of Books. 19. Of Time-ferving. 20. Of Moderation. 21. Of Gravity. 22. Of Marriage. 23. Of Fame. 24. Of the Antiquity of Churches, and the neceflity of them. 25. Of Minifters' maintenance. Thefe Lives, Characters, and moral EfTays would, I think, fill two or three volumes in octavo, but they are written in fo minute a character that I cannot form any conjecture to be depended upon. They are but a fmall part of the MS. works which Mr. Ferrar left behind him, which, as appears from fome papers ftill exifting, amounted to five volumes in folio. He was of opinion that inftruction merely by precept might fometimes become dry and wearifome, and therefore was defirous to enliven his lectures by fomething that might give pleafure to

126 lid The Life of to the fancy at the fame time that it conveyed wifdom to the heart. But he had great objection to plays, novels, and romances, and to poems, that were then, and indeed have ever fince been in great efteem. He thought that in many inftances they did not tend to the important point which he had in view. But he reflected alfo that our SAVIOUR Himfelf frequently delivered His difcourfes in parables; and therefore that fable, to a certain degree, might be admitted in moral inftruction. With this view he compofed thofe ftories, and eftays, which were intended to enliven their readings, and converfations. Beiide thefe, he drew up regular difcourfes upon all the Fafts, and Feafts of the Church, and thefe alfo in their order made part of the readings. Every one of the young people, from the eldeft to the youngeft, male and female, was exercifed every day in thefe public readings, and repetitions : by which the memory was wonderfully ftrengthened, and they all attained great excellence in fpeaking with propriety and grace. But now four of Mr. Collet's eldeft daughters being grown up to woman's eftate, to perfect them in the practice of good houfe-

127 Nicholas Ferrar. 123 houfewifery, Mr. Ferrar appointed them in rotation to take the whole charge of the domertic economy. Each had this care for a month, when her accounts were regularly parted, allowed, and delivered over to the next in fucceflion. There was alfo the fame care and regularity required with refpedb to the Surgeon's cheft; and the due provifion of medicines and all things neceftary for thofe who were fick, or hurt by any misfortune. A convenient apartment was provided for thofe of the family who chanced to be indifpofed, called the Infirmary, where they might be attended, and properly taken care of, without disturbance from any part of the numerous family. A large room was alfo fet apart for the reception of the medicines, and of thofe who were brought in fick, or hurt, and wanted immediate amftance. The young ladies were required to drefs the wounds of thofe who were hurt, in order to give them readinefs and fkill in this employment, and to habituate them to the virtues of humility, and tendernefs of heart. The office relative to pharmacy, the weekly infpe6lion, the prefcription, and administration of medicines, Mr. Ferrar referved to himfelf, being an excellent phyfician;

128 The Life of cian : as he had for many years attentively ftudied the theory, and practice of medicine, both when Phyfic Fellow at Clare Hall, and under the celebrated profeftors at Padua. In this way was a considerable part of their income difpofed of, and thus did Mr. Fer- J rar form his nieces to be wife and ufeful, virtuous, and valuable women. In order to give fome variety to this fyftem of education, he formed the family into a fort of collegiate institution, of which one was considered as the founder, another guardian, a third as moderator, and himfelf as vifitor of this little academy. The {even virgin daughters formed the junior part of this Society, were called the Sifters, and affumed the names of ift. The Chief. 2d. The Patient. 3d. The Cheerful. 4th. The Affectionate. 5th. The Submifs. 6th. The Obedient. 7th. The Moderate. Thefe all had their refpective characters to fuftain, and exercifes to perform fuited to thofe.characters. For the Chriftmas feafon of the year 1631, he compofed twelve excellent difcourfes, five fuited to the Feftivals within the twelve days, and feven to the affumed name and character of the Sifters. Thefe were

129 Nicholas Ferrar were enlivened by hymns and odes compofed by Mr. Ferrar, and fet to mufic by the mufic mafter of the family, who accompanied the voices with the viol, or the lute. That exercife which was to be performed by the Patient, is alone to be excepted. There was not any poetry, or mufic at the opening of this as of all the reft: the difcourfe itfelf was of a very ferious turn, it was much longer than any other, and had not any hiftorical anecdote, or fable interwoven into the body of it. The contrivance here was to exercife that virtue which it was intended to teach. Amongft other articles of inftruction and amufement Mr. Ferrar entertained an ingenious bookbinder who taught the family, females as well as males, the whole art and fkill of bookbinding, gilding, lettering, and what they called parkng-printing, by the ufe of the rolling-prefs. By this amftance he compofed a full harmony, or concordance of the four Evangelifts, adorned with many beautiful pictures, which required more than a year for the compofition, and was divided into 150 heads or chapters. For this purpofe he fet apart a handfome room near the Oratory. Here he had a large table,

130 i26 The Life of table, two printed copies of the Evangelifls, of the fame edition, and great flore of the beft and ftrongeft white paper. Here he fpent more than an hour every day in the contrivance of this book, and in directing his nieces, who attended him for that purpofe, how they fhould cut out fuch and fuch particular paflages out of the two printed copies of any part of each Evangelift, and then lay them together fo as to perfect fuch a head or chapter as he had designed. This they did firft roughly, and then with nice knives, and fcifibrs fo neatly fitted each paffage to the next belonging to it, and afterwards parted them fo even and fmoothly together, upon large meets of the befl white paper, by the help of the rolling-prefs, that many curious perfons who faw the work when it was done, were deceived, and thought that it had been printed in the ordinary way. This was the mechanical method which he followed in compiling his Harmony. The title of his book was as follows. ff The actions, doctrines, and other paffages touching our BlefTed LORD and SA VIOUR JESUS CHRIST, as they are related in the four Evangelifls, reduced into one complete

131 Nicholas Ferrar. 127 complete body of hiftory: wherein that which is feverally related by them is digefted into order ; and that which is jointly related by all or any of them is,, firft, exprefted in their own words, by way of comparifon ; fecondly, brought into one narration by way of composition ; thirdly, extracted into one clear context by way of collection; yet fo as whatfoever was omitted in the context is inferted by way of fupplement in another print, and in fuch a manner as all the four Evangelifts may be eaiily read feverally and distinctly; each apart and alone from firft to laft: and in each page throughout the book are fundry pictures added, exprefling either the facts themfelves, or their types and figures ; or other things appertaining thereunto. The whole divided into 150 heads." Several of the Harmonies* were, afterwards finiihed upon the fame plan with fome improvements: one of thefe books was prefented to Mr. Ferrar's moft dear and intimate friend, the well known Mr. Geo. Herbert, who in his letter of thanks for it, * The book in S. John's College library at Oxford (faid to be compiled by the Nuns of Gidding) is one of thefe Harmoniesj being all patch-work. calls

132 i28 The Life of calls it a moft ineftimable jewel; another was given to his other fingular friend Dr. Jackfon. The fame of this work, the production of a man fo celebrated as the author had been, foon reached the ears of the king, who took the firft opportunity to make himfelf perfonally acquainted with it, by obtaining the perufal of it. Mr. Ferrar about this time wrote feveral very valuable treatifes, and made feveral translations from authors in different languages, on fubjedts which he thought might prove ferviceable to the caufe of religion. Among others, having long had a high opinion of John ValdefTo's Hundred and ten Confederations, &c. a book which he met with in his travels, he now (in 1632) tranflated it from the Italian copy into Englifh, and fent it to be examined and cenfured by his friend Mr. Herbert, before it was made public. Which excellent book Mr. Herbert returned with many marginal notes, and criticifms, as they are now printed with it; with an affectionate letter alfo recommending the publication. In May, 1633, his Majefty fet out upon his journey to Scotland, and in his progrefs he ftepped a little out of his road to view Little

133 Nicholas Ferrar. 129 Little Giddmg in Huntingdonshire. The family having notice, met his Majefty at the extremity of the parifh, at a place called, from this event, the King's Clofe : and in the form of their folemn proceflions conducted him to their Church, which he viewed with great pleafure. He inquired into, and was informed of the particulars of their public, and domeftic economy : but it does not appear that at this time he made any considerable flay. The following fummer his Majefty and the Queen pafted two nights at Apethorp in Northamptonfhire, the feat of Mildmay Fane Earl of Weftmorland. From thence he fent one of his gentlemen to intreat (his Majefty's own word) a fight of The Concordance, which, he had heard, was fome time fince done at Gidding ; with affurance that in a few days, when he had perufed it, he would fend it back again. Mr, N. Ferrar was then in London, and the family made fome little demur, not thinking it worthy to be put into his Majefly's hands; but at length they delivered it to the meftenger. But it was not returned in a few days, or weeks : fome months were elapfed, when the gentleman brought it back from the King, who K was

134 130 The Life of was then at London. He faid he had manythings to deliver to the family from his mailer. Firft, to yield the King's hearty thanks to them all for the right of the book, which parted the report he had heard of it. Then to fignify his approbation of it, in all refpects. Next to excufe him in two points. The fir ft for not returning it as foon as he had promifed: the other, for that he had in many places of the margin written notes in it with his own hand. And (which I know will pleafe you) faid the gentleman, you will find an inftance of my matter's humility in one of the margins. The place I mean is where he had written fomething with his own hand, and then put it out again, acknowledging that he was miftaken in that particular. The gentleman farther told them, that the King took fuch delight in it, that he parted fome part of every day in perufing it. And laftly, he faid, to mow you how true this is, and that what I have declared is no court compliment, I am exprefsly commanded by my mafter, earneftly to requeft of you, Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, and of the young ladies, that you would make him one of thefe books for his own ufe, and

135 Nicholas Ferrar. 131 and if you will pleafe to undertake it, his Majefty fays you will do him a moft acceptable fervice. Mr. Nicholas Ferrar and the young ladies returned their moft humble duty, and immediately fet about what the King defired. In about a year's time it was fmiftied, and it was fent to London to be prefented to his Majefty by Dr. Laud, then made Abp. of Canterbury, and Dr. Coftns, Mafter of Peterhoufe, whofe turn it was to wait that month, being one of the King's Chaplains. This book was bound entirely by Mary Collet (one of Mr. Ferrar's nieces) all wrought in gold, in a new and moft elegant fafhion. The King after long and ferious looking it over, faid, cc This is indeed a moft valuable work, and in many refpects worthy to be prefented to the greateft Prince upon earth. For the matter it contains is the richeft of all treafures. The laborious compofure of it into this excellent form of a Harmony ; the judicious contrivance of the method, the curious workman/hip in fo neatly cutting out and difpofing the text, the nice laying of thefe coftly pictures, and the exquifite art exprefted in the binding, K 1 are,

136 i3a The Life of are, I really think, not to be equalled. I muft acknowledge myfelf to be indeed greatly indebted to the family for this jewel : and whatever is in my power, I fhall at any time be ready to do for any of them." Then after fome paufe, taking the book into his hands, he faid, cc And what think you, my lord of Canterbury, and you, Dr. Cofms, if I fhould afk a fecond favour of thefe good people? indeed I have another requeft to make to them, and it is this. I often read over the lives and actions of the Kings of Judah and Ifrael in the books of the Kings, and the Chronicles, and I frequently meet with difficulties. J fhould be much obliged if Mr. Ferrar would make me fuch a book as may bring all thefe matters together into one regular narration, that I may read the whole in one continued flory, and yet at the fame time may be able to fee them feparate; or what belongs to one book, and what to another. I have long ago moved feveral of my chaplains to undertake this bufinefs : but it is not done : I fuppofe it is attended with too much difficulty. Will you, my lord, apply for me to Mr. Ferrar?" The Archbifhop wrote to Mr. Ferrar, acquainting him with the King's defires,

137 Nicholas Ferrar. 133 defires, and Mr. Ferrar immediately fct himfelf about the work. In the courfe of little more than a year, about Oct. 1636, Mr. Ferrar and his afliftants completed the Harmony of the two books of the Kings and the Chronicles, and young Nicholas Ferrar bound it in purple velvet, moft richly gilt. It was then fent to the Archbifhop and Dr. Cofins, to be by them prefented to the King. His Majefty was extremely delighted with it, faying, <c It was a fit mirror for a King's daily infpeclion. Herein, he faid, I mall behold GOD'S mercies and judgments : His punifhing of evil princes, and rewarding the good. To thefe His promifes, to thofe His threatenings moft furely accomplifhed. I have a fecond fime gained a great treafure. What I faid of the firft book, I may moft juftly fay of this ; and I defire you will let them know my high efteem both of it and of them." Dr. Cofins then prefented a letter from Mr. Ferrar, which the King declared he thought the fineft compofition he ever read. In farther difcourfing of thefe Harmonies with the Divines, the King determined that for public benefit they fhould be printed under his own immediate command and protection.

138 i34 The Life of tection. But the troubles of the enfuing times prevented this laudable purpofe from being carried into execution. The Title of this fecond Harmony was as follows : cc The Hiftory of the Ifraelites, from the death of King Saul, to their carrying away captive into Babylon : collected out of the books of the Kings, and Chronicles, in the words of the text, without any alteration of importance by addition to or diminution from them. Whereby, Firft, all the actions and paftages related in any of the books of the Kings and Chronicles, whether jointly or feverally, are reduced into the body of one complete narration. Secondly, they are digeffced into an orderly dependance one upon the other. Thirdly, many difficult places are cleared, and many feeming differences between the books of Kings and Chronicles compounded. And this is fo contrived, as, notwithstanding the mutual compositions of the books into one hiftorical collection, yet the form of each of them is preferved entire, in fuch a manner as they may be eafily read, feverally and distinctly from firft to laft. Together with feveral tables. The firft fummarily declaring the feveral heads or chapters into which

139 Nicholas Ferrar. 135 which the hiflorical collection is divided. The fecond fpecifying what paftages are related feverally in the aforefaid books, and what are jointly related by them both : as alfo in what heads and chapters in this collection they may be found. The third, mowing where every chapter of the texts themfelves, and every part of them may be readily found in this historical collection." Thefe are probably the laft works of this fort, executed by Mr. Ferrar, who died in little more than a year, and was very weak and infirm a confiderable time before his death. But the connection between the King and this family did not ceafe on Mr. Ferrar's death. For it appears from feveral papers ftill in being, that there was what may be juftly called a friendly intercourfe fubfifting, even till the diflrefsful year In fitting up the houfe at Gidding, moral fentences, and fhort paftages from the Scriptures had been put up in various places ; and in the great parlour was an Infcription which gave rife to much fpeculation and cenfure. It was neverthelefs nrft approved of by feveral judicious Divines, and particularly by Mr. Herbert, who advifed it to be engraved in brafs, and fo hung up that it

140 136 The Life of it might be {CQII of all. But calumny was / now gone forth, and nothing could be done at Gidding that was not fubjected to the fevereft mifreprefentation. The infcription was as follows. IHS He who (by reproof of our"] fiie who (by a cheerful parerrors, and remonftrance of j ticipation of that which is that which is more perfect) \- And -^ good) confirms us in the feeks to make us better, is j fame, is welcome as a Chrifwelcome as an angel of GOD. J ^tian Friend. He who any ways goes about" to difturb us in that which is and ought to be amongft Chriffcians (though it be not ufual in the world) is a burden whilft he ftays and fhall bear his judgment whofoever he be. But "He who faults us in abfence for that which in prefence he made fhow to approve of, doth by a double guilt of flattery and flander violate the bands both of friendship and charity. Mary Ferrar, Widow, Mother of this Family, aged fourfcore years, (who bids adieu to all fears and hopes of this world and only defires to ferve Gor>) fet up this Table. The extraordinary courfe of life purfued at Gidding, the ftrictnefs of their rules, their prayers, literally without ceafing, their abftinence, mortifications, nightly watchings, and various other peculiarities, gave birth to cenfure in fome, and inflamed the malevolence

141 Nicholas Ferrar. 137 levolence of others, but excited the wonder and curiofity of all. So that they were frequently vifi ted with different views by perfons of all denominations, and of oppofite opinions. They received all who came with courteous civility ; and from thofe who were inquifitive they concealed nothing: for in truth there was not any thing either in their opinions or their practice that was in the leaffc degree neceftary to be concealed. They were at the time, notwithstanding all the real good they did, feverally flandered and vilified: by fome they were abufed as Papifts; by others as Puritans. Mr. Ferrar himfelfj though porterted of uncommon patience, and resignation, yet in anguifh of fpirit complained to his friends, that the perpetual obloquy he endured was a fort of unceafing martyrdom. Thefe clamorous abufes were fpread about with great virulence and malignity. But no one, who is acquainted with the fpirit of thofe times, and confiders to what a degree Religious rancour had portefted the hearts of all men ; how intolerant the Puritans were of the Papifts, and of the Church of England; what deteftation the Papifts had of the Church of England, and of the Puritans ;

142 138 The Life of ritans ; and what a ihameful perfecution the governors of the eftablifhed Church exercifed, often againfl: the Papifts, and always again ft the Proteftant Diffenters ; will not wonder that a fociety of devotees, who were apprehended not to agree with any of them, mould be perfecuted by them all. Hence violent invectives, and inflammatory pamphlets were publifhed againfl them. Amongfl others, not long after Mr. Ferrar's death, a Treatife was addrefted to the Parliament, entitled, The Arminian Nunnery, or a brief defcription and relation of the late erected Monaffcical Place, called the Arminian Nunnery at Little Gidding in Huntingdonfhire : humbly addrefted to the wife confideration of the prefent Parliament. The foundation is by a company of Ferrars at Gidding. Printed for Tho. Underhill, In which production there is nothing but falfehood, or what is much worfe, truth wilfully fo mangled and mifreprefented as to anfwer the vileft ends of falfehood. And this fort of malignity was carried to fuch a length, that not long before the real tragedy of King Charles was perpetrated, certain foldiers of the Parliament party refolved to plunder the houfe at Gidding. The family being

143 Nicholas Ferrar. 139 being informed of their hafty approach, thought it prudent to fly, and, as to their perfons, endeavour to efcape the intended violence. Thefe military zealots, in the rage of what they called reformation, ranfacked both the church and the houfe. In doing which they exprefted a particular fpite againfl: the organ. This they broke in pieces, of which they made a large fire, and thereat roafted feveral of Mr. Ferrar's fheep, which they had killed in his grounds. This done, they feized all the plate, furniture, and provifion which they could conveniently carry away. And in this general devaluation perifhed thofe works of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar which merited a better fate. Certainly no family fuffered more from lefs caufe of offence : for though they were pious and firm members of the Church of England, they behaved themfelves quietly and with Chriftian benevolence towards all men of all denominations: and although they practifed aufterities which were not exceeded by the fevereft orders of the monaftic inffcitutions, yet they neither required them from others, nor in themfelves attributed any faving merit to them. A fhort

144 140 The Life of A fhort time before the commirlion of thefe violences, Bifhop Williams paid his laft friendly viflt at Gidding, and feeing the infcription in the parlour, faid to Mr. John Ferrar, I would advife you to take this table down. You fee the times grow high and turbulent, and no one knows where the rage and madnefs of the people may end. I am juft come from Bofton, where I was ufed very coarfely. I do not fpeak as by authority, I only advife you as a friend, for fear of offence or worfe confequences. Then after iincerely condoling with them on their irreparable misfortune in the death of Nicholas Ferrar, he bade them his final farewell : but ever after continued their firm friend, and conftantly vindicated the family from the many flanders of their falfe accufers.- But to return from this digreffion. Mrs. Ferrar, towards the clofe of her life, feems to have been convinced that the mortifications praclifed by the family, were more than were neceftary, and me became apprehenfive for the health, and even for the life of her beloved fon. She therefore earnestly entreated him, and with many tears befought him, that he would relax a little in the fevere difcipline which he exercifed upon himfelf. And

145 Nicholas Ferrar. 141 And he, being an example of filial obedience, complied in fome degree with her requeft, during the remainder of her life : but this was not of long continuance. In the year 1635, ten y ears after coming to Gidding, this excellent woman died, aged eighty-three years. Her character, as follows, is given by her fon Mr. John Ferrar, who collected, and left the materials for thefe memoirs. <f Though of fo great age, at her dying day, file had no infirmity, and fcarce any fign of old age upon her. Her hearing, fight, and all her fenfes were very good. She had never loft a tooth; fhe walked very upright, and with great agility. Nor was fhe troubled with any pains or uneafinefs of body. While fhe lived at Gidding flie rofe, fummer and winter, at five o'clock, and fometimes fooner. In her perfon fhe was of a comely prefence, and had a countenance fo full of gravity that it drew refpecl from all who beheld her. In her words fiie was courteous, in her actions obliging. In her diet always very temperate ; faying, fhe did not live to eat and drink, but ate and drank to live. She was a pattern of piety, benevolence, and charity. And thus fhe lived and died, efteemed, revered,

146 142 The Life of vered, and beloved of all who knew her." Such are the effects of a life of temperance and virtue. While his mother was yet living Mr. Ferrar did fo far comply with her requeft, that he went to bed, or lay down upon it, from nine in the evening till one in the morning, which was his conftant hour of rifing to his devotions. But after her death he never did either : but wrapping himfelf in a loofe frieze gown, flept on a bear's fkin upon the boards. He alfo watched either in the Oratory, or in the Church three nights in the week. Thefe nightly watchings having been frequently mentioned, it may not be improper here to give a Ihort account of the rules under which they were performed. It was agreed that there mould be a conftant double nightwatch, of men at one end of the houfe, and of women at the other. That each watch fhould confift of two or more perfons. That the watchings fhould begin at nine o'clock at night, and end at one in the morning. That each watch ihould in thofe four hours, carefully and distinctly fay over the whole book of Pfalms, in the way of antiphony, one repeating one verfe, and the

147 Nicholas Ferrar. 143 the reft the other. That they mould then pray for the life of the King and his fons. The time of their watch being ended, they went to Mr. Ferrar's door, bade him good morrow, and left a lighted candle for him. At one he constantly rofe, and betook himfelf to religious meditation, founding this practice on a literal acceptation of the paffage, cc At midnight will I rife and give thanks," and fome other pafiages of fimilar import. Several religious perfons both in the neighbourhood, and from diftant places, attended thefe watchings: and amongft thefe the celebrated Mr. Rich. Crafhaw, Fellow of Peterhoufe, who was very intimate in the family, and frequently came from Cambridge for this purpofe, and at his return often watched in Little S. Mary's Church near Peterhoufe.* His * A moft refpedtable Author hath given his fan&ion, if not to the feverity, at leaft to a moderate obfervation of this mode of Pfalmody, in his comment on the 134th Pfalm. " Blefs ye the LORD, all ye fervants of the LORD, who by night ftand in the houfe of the LORD. Blefs Him in the cheerful and bufy hours of the day: blefs Him in the folemn and peaceful watches of the night. " The pious Mr. Nicholas Ferrar exhibited in the lafl century an inflance of a Proteflant family, in which a con-

148 i44 The Life of His friends perceiving a vifible decay of his Strength, remonftrated againfr. thefe austerities, fearing bad confequences to his health; they told him that he was much too ftricl: in his way of life ; they advifed him to go abroad, to take the air frequently, and to admit of fome innocent amufement. He replied, that to rife and go to bed when we pleafe, to take the air and get a good appetite, to eat heartily, to drink wine, and cheer the fpirits, to hunt, and hawk, to ride abroad, and make vifits, to play at cards and dice, thefe are what the world terms gallant and pleafant things, and recreations fit for a gentleman : but fuch a life would be fo great a flavery to me, and withal I think it of fo dangerous a tendency, that if I was told I muft either live in that manner, or prefently fuffer death, the latter would moft certainly be my choice. About three months before his death, perceiving in himfelf fome inward faintnefs, and apprehending that his laft hour was a conftant courfe of Pfalmody was appointed, and fo ftri tly kept up, that through the whole four and twenty hours of day and night, there was no portion of time when fome of the members were not employed in performing that moft pleafant part of duty and devotion." Dr. Home. now

149 Nicholas Ferrar. 145 now drawing very near, he broke off abruptly from writing any farther on a fubje6t which was then under his confederation. This breaking off is yet to be feen in that unfinished treatife, with his reafon for difcontinuing it. He then began to write down Contemplations on Death in the following words. " The remembrance of death is very powerful to reftrain us from finning. For he who ihall well consider that the day will come (and he knoweth not how foon) when he mall be laid on a fick bed, weak and faint, without eafe and almoft without ftrength, encompafted with melancholy thoughts, and overwhelmed with anguilh ; when on one fide, his diftemper increaflng upon him, the phyfician tells him that he is pail all hope of life, and on the other, his friends urge him to difpofe of his worldly goods, and fhare his wealth among them : that wealth which he procured with trouble, and preferved with anxiety : that wealth which he now parts from with forrow: when again the Prieil calls on him to take the preparatory meafures for his departure : when he himfelf now begins to be aitured that here he hath no abiding city; that this is no L longer

150 146 The Life of longer a world for him: that no more funs will rife and fet upon him: that for him there will be no more feeing, no more hearing, no more fpeaking, no more touching, no more tailing, no more fancying, no more under ftanding, no more remembering, no more defiring, no more loving, no more delights of any fort to be enjoyed by him ; but that death will at one ffcroke deprive him of all thefe things: that he will fpeedily be carried out of the houfe which he had called his own, and is now become another's: that he will be put into a cold, narrow grave: that- earth will be configned to earth, afhes to afhes, and duft to duft: let any man duly and daily ponder thefe things, and how can it be that he mould dare" Here the ftrength of this good man failed him, and his eftay is left thus unfinished. On the fecond of November he found that his weaknefs increafed, yet he went to ' church, and on that day officiated for the laft time. After this, his faintnefs continued gradually to increafe, but he fuftered not the leaf! degree of bodily pain. He converfed with his family and earneftly encouraged them to perfevere in the way he had pointed out to them. And addrefling himfelf

151 Nicholas Ferrar. 147 himfelf particularly to his brother, faid, cc My dear brother, I muft now fhortly appear before GOD, and give an account of what I have taught this family. And here with a fafe confcience I can fay, that I have delivered nothing to you but what I thought agreeable to His word: therefore abide fteadily by what I have taught. Worfhip GOD in fpirit and in truth. I will ufe no more words. One thing however I muft add, that you may be both forewarned, and prepared. Sad times are coming on, very fad times indeed ; you will live to fee them." Then grafping his brother's hand, he faid, cc O! my brother! I pity you, who muft fee thefe dreadful alterations. And when you fhall fee the true worfhip of GOD brought to nought, and fupprefled, then look, and fear that defolation is nigh at hand. And in this great trial may GOD of His infinite mercy fupport and deliver you." The third day before his death he fummoned all his family round him, and then deftred his brother to go and mark out a place for his grave according to the particular directions he then gave. When his brother returned, faying it was done as he deflred, he requefted them all in prefence of L 2 each

152 148 The Life of each other to take out of his ftudy three large hampers full of books, which had been there locked up many years. They are comedies, tragedies, heroic Poems, and romances ; let them be immediately burnt upon the place marked out for my grave ; and when you mall have fo done, come back and inform me. When information was brought him that they were all confumed, he defired that this act might be confide red as the teftimony of his difapprobation of all fuch productions, as tending to corrupt the mind of man, and improper for the perufal of every good and iincere Chriftian. On the firrl: of December, 1637, ne found himfelf declining very faft, and defired to receive the Sacrament: after which, and taking a moft affectionate farewell of all his family, without a ftruggle, or a groan, he expired in a rapturous eeftacy of devotion. Thus lived, and thus died Nicholas Ferrar, the beft of fons, of brothers, and of friends, on Monday, December 2, 1637, precifely as the clock flruck one : the hour at which for many years he conftantly rofe to pay his addrertes to heaven. That he was eminently pious towards GOD, benevolent towards man, and perfectly fincere

153 Nicholas Ferrar. 149 flncere in all his dealings; that he was induftrious beyond his ftrength, and indefatigable in what he thought his duty ; that he was bleffed by Providence with uncommon abilities, and by unremitted exertion- of his various talents attained many valuable accomplifhments, is very manifeft from the preceding memoirs, and is the leaft that can be faid in his praife : and though greatly to his honour, is yet no more than that degree of excellence which may have been attained by many. But the fpiritual exaltation of mind by which he rofe above all earthly conflderations of advantage, and devoted himfelf entirely to GOD, whom in the ftricl:- eft {enfe he loved with all his heart, with all his foul, and with all his ftrength, being united to the active virtues of a citizen of the world, gives him a peculiar pre-eminence even among thofe who excel in virtue. For while he practifed felf-denial to the utmorl, and exercifed religious feverities upon himfelf fcarce inferior to thofe of the reclufes who retired to deferts, and fruit themfelves up in dens and caves of the earth, yet he did not, like them, by a folitary and morofe retirement, deprive himfelf of the power continually to do good, but led a life of active

154 150 The Life of active virtue and benevolence. His youth was fpent in an inceftant application to learned ftudies, and the time of his travel was given to the acquifition of univerfal wifdom. On his return home, in conducting the affairs of an important eftablifhment, he difplayed uncommon abilities, integrity and fpirit. As a member of the Houfe of Commons he gained diftinguifhed honour, and was appointed the principal manager to profecute, and bring to juftice the great man, and corrupt Minifter of that time. And having thus difcharged the duties of a virtuous citizen, he devoted the reft of his life to the inftructiion of youth, to works of Chriftian charity, and to the worfhip of GOD in a religious retirement, while he was yet in pofteffion of his health and ftrength, and in the prime of manhood; that like the great author, who was his daily and nightly ftudy and admiration, the royal Pfalmift, he might not facrifice to GOD, that which coft him nothing. In one word, he was a rare example of that excellence in which are blended all the brilliant qualities of the great man, with all the amiable virtues of the good. If by the brightnefs of his example he may

155 Nicholas Ferrar. 151 may have given fuch light to any who fat in darknefs and the fhadow of death, as to guide their fegt into the ways of peace, he has not lived in vain, nor been an Ufelefs burthen upon the earth. cc He gave his mind to the law of the Moft High, and was occupied in the meditation thereof. He gave his heart to refort early to the LORD who made him, and prayed before Him. He was filled with the fpirit of undemanding, he poured out wife {QTItences, and gave thanks unto the LORD. Many mall commend his understanding, and fo long as the world endureth it fhall not be blotted out: his memorial fhall not depart away, and his name mall live from generation to generation." Eccluf. 39. JOSEPH MASTERS and Co., Printers, Alderfgate Street, London.

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157

158

159 APPENDIX. IT is thought that Englifh Churchmen, who revere the memory of the fubjecl: of thefe pages, will be glad to hear fome account of the prefent flate of the Church which was the fcene of his devotion. The tomb over the grave of Nicholas Ferrar is ftill Handing; but there is not, nor does there appear ever to have been, any infcription or brafs upon it. There is, however, a brafs which fits a cavity in the ftone v over his elder brother's grave, which is in the poiition where Nicholas Ferrar on his death-bed directed a fpace to be left between his own grave and the weft-door of the Church. In the Church itfelf there is no doubt that eonfiderable alterations were made A.D the date M recorded

160 154 Appendix. recorded on a Hone facade which was then built as a i well front, probably in lieu of a tower or fpire, as j there is a greater fpace between it and the grave of John Ferrar than was by his brother directed to be left. The interior alfo bears marks of alteration ; but I there is evident at the fame time a defire to retain as I much as poflible the character of the place, which is ; very much that of a private or College Chapel of the ; time of James I. It is panelled with oak through* j out, and is in fufeciently good condition to be capable I of reiteration. A reading-defk and pulpit, of equal f height and fimilar pattern, were removed about fifteen years ago. The articles of church furniture flill remaining are as under : i. A brafs lectern The font of brafs. 3. Three tablets of brafs, on which are engraved the Creed,, the LORD'S Prayer, and the Ten Commandments. 4. A bracket; of which the ufe is unknown: ' poflibly it was intended for an hour-glafs or lamp. 5. The Altar of cedar. 6. A Perlian carpet, now ufed as an altar-cloth. 7. A piece of the tapeftry with which the reading- deik and pulpit were formerly covered. 8. A : j

161 Appendix A Communion Service, confiiling of Flagon, Chalice and Cover, Paten, and AJms-difh, all of iilver : upon the flagon is the following infcription : *f What Sir Edwin Sandys bequeathed to the remembrance of friendlhip, his friend hath dedicated to the honour of GOD'S fervice." We underftand that an effort is now being made for the reiloration of the Church upon correal and Catholic principles; and we hope that we may be allowed to fuggeft that thofe Churchmen, who may find or have found their devotion raifed or their zeal quickened by the example fet before them in Nicholas Ferrar, mould, as a thank-offering, contribute to the work which is foon to be attempted. At all events, the fcene of GOD'S mercy to our Branch of the Church in giving us fo holy and great a man, mould be alfo the fcene of the gratitude of this generation which is trying to imitate his example, and a monument to GOD'S love. The accompanying fketch will mow how unfuitable the prefent ftructure is for the above-mentioned objects.

162 London : Printed by JOSEPH MASTERS and Co., Alderfgate Street.

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172 12 WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS. The Prefaces in the Office of the Holy Communion, with their Ancient Chant, by the Rev. J. L. Crompton, M.A. 5s. Sacred Music : containing Original Psalm Tunes, Services, and Single and Double Chants, by the Rev. W. S. S. Evans, B.A. 6s. Sacred Hymns and Anthems, with the Music as used in S. Saviour, Leeds. Complete in wrapper, 5s. Gregorian and other Chants, adapted to the Psalter and Canticles, as pointed to be sung in Churches. 2s. 6d. The. Eight Gregorian Tones with their several endings, separately. 4d. The Psalter, or Psalms of David, Pointed as they are to be sung in Churches, to Sixty-seven Ancient Chants. 2s. Companion to the Psalter. Sixty-seven Ancient Chants or Tones of the Church, arranged in modern notation, in four parts, is.; The Canticles, Hymns, and Creed, used in Morning and Evening Prayer, set to the Ancient Tones. 6d. Selection from the Quire Psalter, being the Psalms according to the Use of the Book of Common Prayer, set forth and arranged to upwards of five hundred Chants. 1. The Psalter with the Treble Part. 2. The Psalter with the Alto. 3. The Psalter with the Tenor Part. 4. The Psalter with the Bass. 5. The Psalter with the parts compressed for accompaniment. 2s. 6d. each Vocal Part: the Organ Part with words, 5s. Dies Irse. The Latin translated into like English metre, by W. J. Irons, B.D., with the music, by Charles Child Spencer, Esq. 2s. 6d. English Words, 3s per 100. Hymns of the Church, Pointed as they are to be Chanted j together with the Versicles, Litany, Responses, &c, by T. Tallis. Arranged by Mr. Pearsall. is. " The Threefold Heavens of Glorious Height." The words from the " Cathedral." The music by M. A. W. is. King Alfred's Hymn. " As the Sun to brighter Skies." Arranged to ancient music, by Dr. Smith. 8d. "Last Night I Lay a Sleeping:" a Christmas Carol. The music by H. J. Gauntlett, Mus. Doc. is. To the Redbreast: a Song. The Words by the late Rev. G. Cornish. The music by T. J. Jones. 2s. The Morning and Evening Hymns. From the " Hymns for Little Children," set to Music forthe use of Schools and Families. Gd.each. The Child's Grace before and after Meat, set to simple music, by Dr. Gauntlett. Four Christmas Carols. First Series. Once in Royal David's City As Joseph was a Walking Upon the Snow-clad earth without There were Shepherds once abiding. Music by Dr. Gauntlett. is. the set. Four New Carols. Second Series. Old Christmas, hail Star-lit shadows soft and still When in Bethlehem's humble manger Lo \ on Bethlehem's grassy plains. Music by Dr. Gauntlett, Is. Four New Carols. Third Series. Fearfully, timidly, now do we raise Christians all, your joyful voices Though but Little Children. Blessed are the Poor in Spirit. Words from the Churchman*8 Companion. Music by James Hine, Esq., M.A. is. The Three sets bound together 2s. 6d. An Easter Carol. The melody of a Sequence of the Thirteenth Century j the words from two ancient Carols. By the Rev. J. M. NEALK. 6d.

173 13 HISTORICAL AND EDUCATIONAL. Sfobnitle ieuslt^maii^ Historical iltbrarj). English History for Children, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 2s. 6d. ; School Edition, Is. 8d. History of Greece, Edited by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 3s. cheap edit. 2s. History of Rome, by the Rev. Samuel Fox, M.A., F.S.A. 3s. History of Spain, by the Rev. Bennett G. Johns. 2s. 6d. History of Portugal to the year s. 6d. The following are in preparation : History of France, by the Rev. Joseph Haskoll, B.A. History of Germany, by the Rev. W. D. Millett, M.A. History of Holland, by the Rev. E. H. Landon, M.A. History of Ireland, edited by the Rev. T. K. Arnold, B.D. Short History of some Deacons in the Church, by the author of " Hymns and Scenes of Childhood." 6d. A continuous Outline of Sacred History, by the Rev. W. Sloane Sloane Evans, B.A. 4s. 6d. * The Noble Army of Martyrs, by the Rev. Samuel Fox, M.A. 2s. History of England. From the First Invasion to Queen Victoria, by Rev. G. A. Poole, M.A., 2 vols, cloth, 9s. Lives of Englishmen in Past Days. First Series, containing Herbert, Donne, Ken, Sanderson. 6d. Second Series, Kettlewell, Hammond, Wilson, Mompesson, Bold, Jolly. 6d. Third Series, Walton, Wotton, Fanshawe, Earl of Derby, Colling, wood, Raffles, Exmouth. lod. Fourth Series, King Alfred, Sir T. More, John Evelyn, is. Lives of Certain Fathers of the Church. Edited by the Rev. W. J. E. Bennett, M.A. Vol. III., 6s. History of Greece, for Schools and Families, by Mrs. Toogood. 7s. Book of Church History, founded on the Rev. W. Palmer's " Ecclesiastical History." is. Reading Lessons for Schools, by the Rev. W. B. Flower, B.A. 3s. Plain Readings from Scripture History for Schools, by a Country Vicar. 8d. Chronological Harmony of the Four Gospels, by the Rev. W. Sloane Evans, B.A. 6d. Catechism on the Incarnation, is. 6d. Catechetical Lectures on the Incarnation, by the Rev. James Hicks. 4s. 6d. Synchronistical or Cotemporary Annals of the Kings and Prophets of Israel and Judah, by W. J. Jenkins, M.A. 5s. Examination Questions on the Pentateuch. For the Use of Schools, by the Rev. C. A. Johns, B.A., F.L.S. is. The Collects and Catechising throughout the year, by the Rev. B. G. Johns. 3s. Easy Dictation Lessons, original and selected, by the Rev. B. G. Johns, is. Catechism, to be learnt before the Church Catechism, id., (2d. by post,) 5s. per hundred. Manual of Catechetical Instruction, arranged by the Rev. G. Arden. 2s.

174 14 WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS. Help to an Exposition of the Catechism of the English Church, by the Rev. John Mill Chanter, M.A. 6d. The Church Catechism illustrated by the Book of Common Prayer, by the Rev. Rowland Smith, M.A. 4d. A Catechism on the Book of Common Prayer, by the Rev. Alexander Watson, M.A. In the Press. Catechism on the Holy Scriptures, by the Rev. E. J. Phipps, 18mo. is. Lessons for every Day in the Week, with Hymns and Music. 3d. Companion to the Lessons, for the use of the Teacher, is. 3d. An Outline of the History of the Church, in Question and Answer, by the Rev. S. W. Mangin, B.A. 4d. Companion to the Sunday Services of the Church of England. 3s. Conversations with Cousin Rachel. Parts I. and II., 9d. each. Parts III. and IV., is. each. 4s. 6d. complete. The Sum of the Catholic Faith, from Bishop Cosin. 2d., or 14s. per 100. What we are to believe: Lessons on the Creed, is. 6d. Fasts and Festivals of the Church, in a conversational form. 2s. 6d. Easy Lessons for the younger Children in Sunday Schools. 4d. Questions on the same, for the Use j,of the Teacher, gd., or 8s. per dozen. Lessons in Grammar for a Child. Large type, price 4d. English Grammar, with a First Lesson in Reading. 2d. Charades from History, Geography, and Biography, by Eliza Wakefield, is. 6d. dfmc )tt iwamtals of Jhitfugtrg. No. I. Cooking: of, Practical Training for Servants, &c. lod. No. II. Gardening; or, Training for Boys as Gardeners. lod. No. III. Household Work; or, The Duties of Female Servants, lod. No. IV. Needlework. Nearly ready,. Other Manuals are in preparation. TALES, ETC. The First Captivity and Destruction of Jerusalem, a Tale, by the Rev. Henry Spencer Slight, B.D. 7s. 6d.} calf* 10s. 6d. Annals of Virgin Saints, from Primitive and Mediaeval Times, 3s. 6d. Lives of Eminent English Divines, by the Rev. W. H. Teale, M.A. 5s. Life of Bishop Andrewes, Is. Life of Dr. Hammond, Is. Life of Bishop Bull, Qd. Life of Bishop Wilson, Is. Life of Jones of Nayland. 1 s. Cressingham ; or, the Missionary, by Charlotte Priscilla Adams. 2s. The Voices of Harvest, by the Rev. R. Milman, M.A. Is. 6d. paper, is. The Way through the Desert -, or, The Caravan, by the Rev. R. Milman, M.A. is., or Is. 6d. clothe The Birthday, by the author of '* Gideon/' " Josiah," &c. 3s. 6d. Book of Anecdotes, by the Rev. T. Chamberlain, is. The Christian Gentleman's Daily Walk," by Sir Archibald Edmonstone, Bart. 3s. 6d. Enthusiasm not Religion, a Tale, by the late M. A. C. 2s. 6d., paper is. 6d. The Inheritance of Evil, a Tale, by the author of " Wayfaring Sketches." 3s. 6d. The Meeting in the Wilderness, an Imagination, by the same author. 2s.

175 TALES, ETC. 15 Godfrey Davenant at School. 2s. 6d. Godfrey Davenant at College. A Tale for Undergraduates. 2s. 6d. William Blake j or, the English Farmer, by the Rev. W. E. Heygate. 3s. 6d. The Island of Liberty, by the author of " Theodore.** 4s. 6d. The King's Daughter, a tale. Is., paper cover, 6d. Clement Walton; or, the English Citizen, by the Rey. W. Gresley, M.A. 3s. 6d.j paper, Is. 6d. Charles Lever; the Man of the Nineteenth Century, by the Rev. W. Gresley, M.A. 3s. 6d. Cheap edition, is. 8d. Church Claveringj or, the Schoolmaster, by the Rev. W. Gresley, M.A. 4s. Cheap Edition, as. The Siege of Lichfield, a Tale of the Great Rebellion, by the Rev. W. Gresley, M.A. 4s. Cheap edition, is. 8d. The Forest of Arden, a Tale of the English Reformation, by the Rev. W. Gresley, M.A. 4s. Cheap edition, 2s. Coniston Hall j or, the Jacobites, by the Rev. W. Gresley, M.A. 4s. 6d. Frank's First Trip to the Continent, by the Rev. W. Gresley, M.A. 4s. 6d. Cheap edition, 3s. Bernard Leslie, a Tale, by the Rev. W. Gresley. 4s. 6d. Henrietta's Wish, A Tale, by the author of "Scenes and Characters." 5s. Stories of the Crusades, by the Rev. J. M. Neale, M.A. 3s. 6d. Duchenier, or the Revolt of La Vendee, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 4s. 6d. Agnes de Tracy, a Tale, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 2s. Hierologusj or, the Church Tourists, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 6s. Cheap edition, 3s. 4d. The Unseen World; Communications with it, real or imaginary, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 3s. 6d. Tales of the Empire, or Scenes from the History of the House of Hapsburg, by the Rev. J. Baines. is. 6d., paper is. Tales of a London Parish, &c, by the author of " Tales of Kirkbeck." Edited by the Rev. W. J. E. Bennett. 5s. The Dream that was really Dreamt. In small 4to., is. 6d. Consecration and Desecration: a Shadow of the Times, s. 6d. Snowball and other Tales, by Isabella Forbes. 2s. fid. Stories on the Beatitudes, by the Rev. G. F. Pearson. Is. The Barou's Little Daughter, and other Tales, by the author of " Verses for Holy Seasons." 2s. 6d. Large edition, with borders, 4s. 6d. Classical Tales and Legends, by the Rev. W. B. Flower. 2s. Tales of Faith and Providence, by the Rev. W. B. Flower. 2s., or in a packet, 2s. Deeds of Faith j Stories from Church History, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 2s. The Followers of the Lord j Stories from Church History, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 2s. Stories from Herodotus, by the Rey. C. E.Moberly, M.Af 3s. Milford Malvoisin; or, Pews and Pewholders, by the Rev. F. E. Paget* M.A. 5s. S. Antholin's ; or, Old Churches and New, by the Rev. F. E. Paget. New edition. In the Press. The Warden of Berkingholt, by the Rev. F. E. Paget, 5s. Cheap edition, 2s. 8d. Sir Raoul de Broc and his Son Tristram, a Tale of the Twelfth Cenr tury, by the Rev. G. A. Poole, M.A. 2s. 6d.

176 16 WORKS PUBLISHED BY J, MASTERS. Mary and Mildred; or, Principle the Guide of Impulse. Edited by th - Rev. Stair Douglas. 2s. 6d. The Dark River, an Allegory, by the Rev. Edward Monro. 2s. 6d. Cheap edition, is. The Vast Army, by the Rev. Edward Monro. 2s. 6d. Cheap edit. Is. The Combatants, by the Rev. Edward Monro. 2s. 6d. Cheap edit. is. The Revellers. Midnight Sea. The Wanderer, by the Rev. Edward Monro. 2s. 6d. The above four in one volume, 7s. 6d. Harry and Archie; or, First and Last Communion, by the Rev. E. Monro. Part I. 6d. Part II. 6d.; together, is. Self-Devotion; or, the Prussians at Hochkirch, from the German. Is. The Maiden Aunt's Tales. 4s. 6d. Was it a Dream? and the New Churchyard, by the author of ** Amy Herbert." is. 6d.; paper, Is. Five Tales of Old Time. 3s. fid. Or separately in cloth. Follow Me. (C. E. H., Morwenstow) ]s. Shepherd of the Giant Mountains. (Fouque) is. The Knight and the Enchanters. (Fouque.) Is. The Stream, is. -The Castle on the Rock. is. Aslauga and her Knight. An Allegory. From the German, is. 6d. Pearls Strung, adapted for Short Perusal, by the Rev. F. W. Poland. 3/6. Betty Cornwell and her Grandchildren : uniform with " Harry and Archie." 6d. JUVENILE AND REWARDS. The Fall of Croesus: a Story from Herodotus. By the Rev. W. Adams. 3s. 6d. The Vine on the Mountain: an Allegory. By W. C. Chepmell. 2s. The Child's New Lesson Book, or Stories for Little Readers. Is. 6d., coloured 2s. 6d. The Daily Life of the Christian Child: a poem for children. 6d.; or on. a sheet, 2d.; cheap edition, in packets of 25, 2s.. The Last Sleep of the Christian Child: a poem, companion to the " Daily Life." 6d.; or on a sheet, 2d. Drop in the Ocean, or the Little Wreath of Fancy, by Agnes and Bessie, is. Holiday Tales, by the Rev. W. Gresley. 2s., wrapper is. 6d. The Horn Book; Lessons for Little Children, on cards. First Series, is. 6d. Second Series, Is. 6d. The Island Choir, or the Children of the Child JESUS. 6d. Ivo and Verena, or the Snowdrop a Tale. 2s.; stiff cover, Is. 6d. The Tower Builders, and the Two Merchants: Two Allegories, ad. Lady Ella, by the author of "Hymns and Scenes of Childhood." 3s. 6d. Guardian Angels: an Allegory. By Mary F. Lester. 2s. 6d. Little Annie and her Sisters, by E. W. H. Is. 6d., paper is. Little Alice and her Sister. 2s. 6d. Lord of the Forest and his Vassals, by the author of " Hymns for Little Children." 3s. 6d., paper 2s. 6d. The Mystery of Marking: a Parable for School Girls. By the Rev. R. Milman, M.A. 6d., cloth lod. Theodore, his Brother and Sisters. Edited by the Rev. W. Nevins. 3/6. The Recollections of a Soldier's Widow, is. Story of a Dream, or the Mother's Version of Little Red Riding Hood. is.

177 JUVENILE AND REWARDS. 17 Tales for my Godson. Translated from the German, by Frances M. Wilbraham. 3s. The profits to be given to the Delhi Mission. Samuel; a Story for Choristers. Is., cloth is. 6d. Path of Life, by the author of the " Seven Corporal Works of Mercy." 3s., cloth is. 6d. Stories of Holy Men and Women, by the author of " Hymns and Scenes of Childhood." 2s.; in packets, 2s. Stories on the Lord's Prayer, by the author of "Amy Herbert." 6d.' Stories on the Commandments. 6d. Sunsetting,: a story of happiness, peace, and contentment. 6d. The Champion of the Cross: an Allegory. By the Rev. J. S. Tute, B.A. 2s. 6d. Esther Merle, and other Tales, by Mrs. Frances Vidal. 2s. 6d. The Churchman's Companion : a Monthly Magazine, 6d. Ten vols. complete, a l. 13s. 6d. True Stories of Cottagers, by the Rev. E. Monro. 2s. 6d. Stories on the Beatitudes, is. Cf)e Sfu&entle ^Englishman's ILtbrarg. The early Volumes were Edited by the Rev. F. E. Paget; the later by the Rev. J. F. Russell. 1. Tales of the Village Children, by the Rev. F. E. Paget. First Series, 2s. 6d. 2. The Hope of the Katzekopfs: a Fairy Tale by the Rev. F. E. Paget. 2s. 6d. 3. Henri de Clermont, or the Royalists of La Vendee, by the Rev. W. Gresley. 2s. Reprinting. 4. Popular Tales from the German. Is. fid. 5. Tales of the Village Children, by the Rev. F. E. Paget. Second Series, 2s. 6d. 6. The Triumphs of the Cross. Tales of Christian Heroism, by the Rev. J. M: Neale. 2s. 7. Early Friendship, or the Two Catechumens. Is. 6d. 8. The Swedish Brothers, is. 6d. 9. The Charcoal Burners, is. 6d. Reprinting. 10. Luke Sharp, or Knowledge without Religion, by the Rev. F. E. Paget. 2s. 6d. 11. Godfrey Davenantj a Tale of School Life. By the Rev. W. E. Heygate. 2s. 6d. 12. Lays of Faith and Loyalty, by the Ven. Archdeacon Churton. 2s. 13. The Triumphs of the Cross. Part 2, Christian Endurance. By the Rev. J. M. Neale. 2s. 14. An Introduction to the Study of Modern Geography, by the Rev. H. Hopwood. 2s. 6d. 15. Colton Green j a Tale of the Black Country. By the Rev. W. Gresley. 2s. 6d. 16. History of Portugal. 2s. 6d. 17. Poynings : a Tale of the Revolution, s. 6d. 18. The Manger of the Holy Night, from the German. By C. E. H, Morwenstow. 2s. 19. Stories from Heathen Mythology, by the Rev. J. M. Neale. 2s. 20. Stories from the Chroniclers. (Froissart.) By the Rev. H. P. Dunster. 2s. 6d. 21. Godfrey Davenant at College, by the Rev. W. Heygate. 2s. 6d.

178 18 WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS. REWARD BOOKS. PENNY. THE SEVEN CORPORAL WORKS OF MERCY. In Seven Tales. In a Packet, price 6d.; or bound in ornamental cover, 8d. Feeding the Hungry- Giving Drink to the Thirsty Clothing.the Naked Taking in the Stranger Visiting the Sick Visiting: the Prisoner Burying the Dead THE SEVEN SPIRITUAL WORKS OF MERCY. In a Packet, price 6d.; or bound in Ornamental Cover, 8d. Counselling the Doubtful Forgiving Injuries Teaching the Ignorant Suffering Wrongs Patiently- Admonishing the Sinner Praying for others Comforting the Afflicted THE HALF-HOLIDAY. A Packet of Six Tales, containing Six Different Ways of Spending a Half-Holiday. In a Packet, price 6d. Self-Denial [ Usefulness Kindness Mischief Charles Withnell The Good Daughter THE SCHOLAR'S NOSEGAY. Being a series of Tales and Conversations on Flowers. In a packet, containing 13, price is. j or neatly bound, is. 6d. Introduction The Palm The Daisy The Hawthorn The Violet The Tulip The Arum The Sunflower The Crocus Grass The Strawberry Blossom The Forget-me-not The Dandelion FLOWERS AND FRUIT, ETC. For Little Children. In a Packet, price is. j or bound in cloth, is. 6d. Lucy') or, the Violet Alice j or, the Daisy Mary; or, the Sunflower Rachel j or* the Strawberry Blossom Crocuses j or, the Field of Flowers Lilies; or, Light in Darkness Heart's Ease* or, Chamber of Peace The Orphan's Home Christmas-Tide; or, the Words of a King The Foundling

179 REWARD ROOKS. 19 THE YOUNG SOLDIERS, or THE DOUBLE BIRTH DAY j and other Tales. A packet of Seven Tales, 6d.; bound, 8d. The Young Soldiers. Part I. The Young Soldiers. Part II. The Little Sisters "They do so in my Country'* Herbert and Lizzie Christmas Eve I Ash grove F te The Root of Bitterness Sunday in the Country The Allotment Ground What is Liberty? Cicely and Agnes The First Shilling The Two Sheep Lijttle Stories for Little Children *' I am so happy" The Brother's Sacrifice The Dumb Boy Margaret Hunt The Sprained Ancle Dishonesty The Little Lace Girl The Ravens The Cat and her Kittens Rose Eglinton Pattie Grahame Tale of a Tortoise In packets of 6, price 6d. TWOPENCE. In Packets of 13. Price 2s. THREEPENCE. In Packets of 13. Price i Life of Dr. Allestree Poor Henry j or, the Little Pilgrim Rebecca Dennis and Mary Purdy Joseph Paehler, or the Man who would be rich The Ocean Current Neale's Hymns for Children. 1st. Series Ditto 2nd Series Ditto 3rd Series Ash Wednesday Michaelmas Day All Saints' Day Questions on Christian Doctrine and Practice How to be a Martyr Elements of English History How to be Useful and Happy A Few Prayers and a Few Words about Prayer Lucy Ford Cripple of Rothenstein The LORD'S Prayer J the Christian instructed in its import and use The Prize Annandale William Dale Easter Eve Memoir of a Sunday Scholar Poor Churchman's Calendar Hannah and Alice Hymns for Children of the Church of England Maurice Favell The Primroses London Pride Midsummer Day Phoebe, or the Hospital

180 20 WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS. The Singers The Wake Beating the Bounds The Bonfire Hallowmas Eve A Sunday Walk and a Sunday Talk Legend of S. Dorothea Dream of S. Perpetua Siege of Nisibis Christian Heroism The Little Miners The Secret Little Willie, the Lame Boy Try Again Miss Peck's Adventures A Day's Pleasure The Drunkard's Boy The Cottage in the Lane roubpence. In a Packet of 13, price 4s. The Railroad Boy Smith's Church Catechism illustrated The Schoolmaster j a Tale of the Thirty Years' War The Christian's Converse Horneck's Lives of the Primitive Christians Consolation, or Benefits of Intercessory Prayer Robert Lee Annie's Grave Ways of overcoming Temptation Man gin's Catechism on the Church Laura T. Flora and her Children Ellen Meyrick. SIXPENCE. In Packets of 13. Price 6s. The Christian Child's Book. Pt. I. \ Ditto Part II. Hymns for Little Children The Island Choir The Mystery of Marking The Shepherds of Bethlehem The Garden in the Wilderness The Convert and Hester Martin Harry and Archie. Part I. Ditto Part II. Daily Life of the Christian Child Last Sleep of the Christian Child Honor Delafont Progress of the Church since the Reformation Michael the Chorister Sister's Care. By the Author of ** Michael the Chorister" Edward Trueman Bird-keeping Boy A Sunset Reverie Rachel Ashburn Sunsettingj or, Old Age in its Glory Devotions fo The Precious Stones of the King's House Frederic Lambert; or, the Student of Leipsig The Young Drummer; or, the Affectionate Son The Ten Commandments in Verse The Penitent's Path Easy Tales for Little Children Little Stories for Little Children Gerhard's Meditations Harry and Walter The Friends Lucy Parker Olive Lester Village Story Harriett and her Sister Poor Churchman's Calendar, cl Lives of Englishmen, l st Series Ditto 2nd Series Stories on the Lord's Prayer Stories on the Commandments Manual for Confirmation Schoolboys.

181 REWARD BOOKS. 21 NINEPENCE, EIGHTPENCE. Plain Reading Lessons from The Seven Spiritual Works of, Scripture History Nelson's Guide to the Holy Communion Mercy, bds. Hook's Cross of CHRIST Moral Songs, paper cover The Seven Corporal Works of Hymns on the Catechism Mercy, bds. Moral Songs, in Three Parts Ken's Practice of Divine Love Kettle well's Companion for the Penitent Sanderson's Christian Contentment Progress of the Church since the Reformation, cloth TENPENOE. Finchley Manuals, Cooking. Ditto, Gardening. Ditto, Young Servant's Guide. Mystery of Marking, cloth. ONE The Christian Child's Book, cloth Gresley's Treatise on the Church Hymns for Little Children, cloth Hymns on Scripture Characters Moral Songs, cloth M onro's Dark River, stiff cover Monro's Vast Army, ditto Monro's Combatants Monro's Harry and Archie, complete The Young Churchman's Manual Commentary on the Seven Penitential Psalms Recollections of a Soldier's Widow Life of Bishop Andre wes Life of Dr. Hammond Life of Bishop Wilson Bessie Gray, cloth Edward Trueman, cloth Birdkeeping Boy, cloth A Drop in the Ocean -* Cinderella in verse Hopwood's Child's Geography Johns' Easy Dictation Lessons Johns' Questions on the Pentateuch The King's Daughter : Samuel; a Story for Choristers Tales of the Empire Horneck's Daily Exercises Taylor's Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell Life of Bishop Bull Life of Jones of Nayland Cousin Rachel. Part l Ditto Part 2 Tower Builders Neale's Hymns for the Sick, stiff cover. Lives of Englishmen. 3rd Series SHILLING. Neale's Hymns for Children, cl. Christmas Eve and other Poems The Path of Life, stiff cover Steps to the Altar Cosin's Private Devotions Self-Devotion Story of a Dream The Scholar's Nosegay Fruits and Flowers Sister's Care, cloth Michael the Chorister, cloth Biddy Kavanagh, &c. Doctrine of the Cross illustrated Lays of the Church Lives of Englishmen. 4th Series Book of Anecdotes Shepherd of the Giant Mountain The Stream Follow Me Knight and the Enchanters Castle on the Rock Was it a Dream? M ilman's Way through the Desert (stiff cover) Milman's Voices of Harvest Phipp's Catechism on Scriptures Cousin Rachel. Part 3 Ditto Part 4 Book of Church History Stories on the Beatitudes

182 22 WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS. ONE SHILLING AND SIXPENCE- The Child's New Lesson Book The Christian Servant's Book Christian's Chamber Companion Fouque's Aslauga andher Knight Finchley Manual of Cooking Milman's Voices of Harvest Best Edition Neale's Hymns for the Sick, cl. Gresley's Holiday Tales, stiff The Art of Contentment cover Sears' Scripture Prints, plain The Horn Book. First Series " (Set of 12) Ditto Second Series Popular Tales from the German Taylor's Life of CHRIST Early Friendship Russell's Lays of the Early The Swedish Brothers Church The Charcoal Burners Was it a Dream? and the New Joseph Paehler and other Stories, Churchyard cloth Poor Henry and other Stories, cl. Parish Tracts, (5 Tales) cloth Catechism on the Incarnation. Little Annie and her Sisters Williams' Ancient Hymns for Milman's Way through the Desert Children Margaret, an Olden Tale Wakefield's Five Hundred Charades from History, &c. ture, &c. Poole's Churches, their Struc Robert Marshall, &c, cloth Book of Church History Charlton's English Grammar What we are to Believe Ivo and Verena, limp cloth Tales of the Empire. Conversations on the Cl Church Service, is. 3d. Tracts for the Working People, cloth, is. 4d. Paget's Rich and Poor. 2 Parts, is. 4d. each. ONE SHILLING AND Al EIGHTPENCE. Gresley's Clement Walton, stiff j J Neale's Church Tour, Part I. cover Ditto Part II. Gresley's Siege of Lichfield, do. Neale's English History, limp Gresley's Charles Lever, ditto j I cloth TWO SH3 Neale's Followers of the LORD j Adams' Cressingham j or, the Missionary The Vine on the Mountain Gresley's Forest of Arden, stiff cover Gresley's Church Clavering, do. Gresley's Holiday Tales, ditto Bishop Andrewes' Parochial Sermons Wakefield's Mental Exercises Neale's Christian Heroism Neale's Christian Endurance Neale!s Stories from Mythology Neale's Deeds of Faith Neale's Greece, limp cloth Fox's Noble Army of Martyrs Heathen j Christian Servant's Book, bound Flower's Tales of Faith and Providence Ken's Practice of Divine Love Neale's Agnes de Tracy- Hymns for Public & Private Use Gresley's Henri de Clermont Churton's Lays of Faith and Loyalty The Manger of the Holy Night Bezant's Geographical Questions Stories of Youth and Childhood Ivo and Verena Ken's Preparatives for Death Flower's Classical Tales Smith's Devout Chorister, cloth Arden's Manual of Catechetical Instruction

183 REWARD BObKS. TWO SHILLINGS AND Chapters on Deacons Millard's Historical Notices of Choristers Monro's Dark River Monro's Vast Army Monro's Combatants Monro's Revellers, &c. Paget's Tales of Village Children Vol. 1. Ditto Vol. II. Guardian Angels Heygate's Godfrey Davenant Heygate's Godfrey DaVenant at College Dunster's Stories from Froissart Monro's Stories of Cottagers The Child's New Lesson Book, coloured The Child's Book of Ballads Hymns and Scenes of Childhood Margaret 5 an olden Tale Parish Tracts, cloth Paget's S. Antholin's Poole's Sir Raoul de Broc Baron's Little Daughter Churchman's Companion. SIXPENCE. THREE SHILLINGS. Flower's Reading Lessons for j Paget's Milford Malvoisin Schools Sears' Scripture Prints, coloured Gresley's Frank's Trip to the (set of 12) Continent, stiff cover Holy Men of Old Johns' Collects and Catechising Tales for my Godson Moberly's Stories from Herodotus Smith's Devout Chorister, calf, Fox's History of Rome or roan tuck Kings of England Neale's Greece THREE SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE. Adams' Fall of Croesus Gresley's Clement Walton Enthusiasm not Religion Heygate's William Blake Gresley's Charles Lever Christian Gentleman's Daily Walk The Inheritance of Evil Lady Ella Loraine's Lays of Israel Neale's Mirror of Faith The Lord of the Forest and his Neale's Stories of the Crusades Vassals Songs of Christian Chivalry Theodore, his Brother and Sisters The Wreath of Lilies Paget's Christian's Day Captive Maiden Pietas Metrica Companion to Sunday Services The Birthday The Unseen World S3 Tute's Champion of the Cross The Hope of the Katzekopfs Paget's Luke Sharp Hopwood's Geography Gresley's Colton Green History of Portugal Poynings 3 a Tale of the Revolution Neale's English History for Children Neale's Mediaeval Hymns Johns' History of Spain Festivals and Fasts for the Young Lives of Englishmen, Vol. 1 Ditto Vol. 2 Poole's Churches, their structure, &c. (cloth) Lord of the Forest, bds. Vidal's Esther Merle Little Alice Sacred History. Old Test. Ditto New Test. Consecration and Desecration Snowball and other Tales Vols. I. and II. 2s. 9d. each. The Churchman's Companion. Vols. III. to X,

184 24 WORKS PUBLISHED B^;. J. MASTERS. FOUR SHILLINGS. Gresley's Seige of Lichfield I Gresley's Church Clavering Gresley's Forest of Arden Church Poetry FOUR SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE. The Baron's Little Daughter and other Tales Evans' Outline of Sacred History Hicks' Lectures on the Epiphany The Island of Liberty Neale's Duchenier; or, the Revolt of La Vendee Poole's History of England Vol. I. Ditto Vol. II. Abbey Church The Altar, or Meditations in Verse. By the Author of " The Cathedral" Jenkins' Cotemporary Annals of the Kings of Israel, &c. Paget's Sursum Corda Teale's Lives of English Divines Paget's Warden of Berkingholt Tales of a London Parish FIVE SHILLINGS. Scenes and Characters Gresley's Frank's Trip to the Continent Gresley's Coniston Hall Gresley's Bernard Leslie The Maiden Aunt Paget's Pageant Days and Seasons Poetry, Past and Present Sacred History for Children Bunbury's Evenings in the Pyrenees Henrietta's Wish English Churchwomen of the 17th Century The Church in the Cloisters j or, the History of Monasteries Lyra Sanctorum