Europeans and organ donation. Report

Transcription

1 Special Eurobarometer European Commission Europeans and organ donation Fieldwork October - November 2006 Publication May 2007 Report Special Eurobarometer 272D / Wave 66.2 TNS Opinion & Social This survey was requested by Directorate General SANCO and coordinated by Directorate General COMMUNICATION This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

2 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation TABLE OF CONTENT PRESENTATION ORGAN DONATIONS AND TRANSPLANTATIONS FAMILY DISCUSSIONS DONATING ONE S OWN ORGANS DONATING AN ORGAN FROM A DECEASED CLOSE FAMILY MEMBER ORGAN DONATION CARDS The use of organ donation cards Organ donation card holders...18 CONCLUSION ANNEXES Technical note Questionnaire Tables 1

3 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation Presentation Organ transplantation is one of the great medical success stories of the 20 th century. As early as 1902, Dr Alexis Carel, who attempted to transplant organs on animals declared: Although organ transplantation is today merely a clinical curiosity, it may one day have a certain practical interest. After numerous attempted renal transplants the first successful transplant was performed in 1954 transplants were extended to other organs during the second half of the twentieth century: lungs, the liver and the pancreas. On 3 December 1967, Professor Christiaan Barnard stunned the whole world by performing the first transplant with the most symbolic organ: the heart. Because of the success of organ transplantations, the number of patients on waiting lists for organ transplantations is growing far more quickly than the number of donors, despite the fact that there are more and more donors. This phenomenon has certain adverse consequences, such as for example international organised criminal groups putting pressure on people living in great poverty to encourage them to sell their organs. Organ donations and transplantations are currently managed mainly by associations and national authorities. The European institutions are also considering steps that they could take in this area, in particular within the framework of article 152 of the Treaty of Amsterdam, which deals with health in the broad sense of the term, and allows the European institutions to adopt measures to establish high quality and safety standards for organs used in transplantations. A European strategy to combat trafficking in human organs also needs to be defined and put in place. In June 2006, the Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection (SANCO) of the European Commission launched an open consultation on organ donations and transplantations 1, with a view in particular to identifying the main problems in this area and determining measures which could be adopted at Community level. This Internet based consultation was completed in September

4 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation It was in this context that the Directorate General SANCO commissioned a special Eurobarometer study on the subject of organ donations and transplantations. The survey was carried out between 6 October and 8 November 2006 among 28,584 people in the 25 European Union Member States as well as in the acceding countries (Bulgaria and Romania), Croatia, and the Turkish Cypriot Community 2. A first Eurobarometer on this subject had been carried out in 2002 in the 15 European Union Member States 3 (before the 2004 enlargement). This survey addresses the following points: Have these subjects already been discussed within the family circle? How Europeans feel about organ donations: first of all, from a personal point of view, that is to say their willingness to donate an organ after their death. Then, with regard to others: would Europeans agree to donate an organ from a deceased close family member? Opinions about organ donation cards, and their use by European citizens. This report presents the study s main conclusions. The results for each part are analysed at European Union level and, if necessary, at national level. If applicable, brief comments are added to describe differences based on the socio-demographic criteria of the interviewees. 4 Naturally, whenever possible, changes in relation to the previous study are highlighted and examined. 2 Further information on the methodology used can be found in the technical note which specifies the interview methods as well as the intervals of confidence In certain cases, the total percentages may vary by one percent from the percentages of the individual categories because of rounding. 3

5 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation 1. ORGAN DONATIONS AND TRANSPLANTATIONS 1.1. FAMILY DISCUSSIONS - More than four out of ten Europeans have already discussed with their family the question of organ donations and transplantations - Some 41% of European citizens have already raised the question of organ donations or transplantations during discussions with their family, compared with 58% who have never broached this subject 5. This score is slightly lower than that recorded in 2002, when 46% of European Union citizens (at that time composed of fifteen countries) had already had such a discussion with their family. Although this lower score is due mainly to the fact that this subject is discussed less readily among families in the new Member States (25%), it is to be noted that the result in the fifteen old Member States 6 is slightly below the level (44% versus 46% in 2002). Have you ever discussed human organ donation or transplantation with your family? % EB66.2, Autumn 2006 EB58.2, Spring 2002 EU25 EU15 NMS10 EU15 Yes No Do not know QB35 Have you ever discussed human organ donation or transplantation with your family? 6 The average observed for the «old» Member states will be indicated with the label EU15 and the one for the new Member States with the label NMS10. 4

6 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation An analysis by country of the results therefore reveals fairly considerable differences between the EU15 and NMS10 countries. However, there are also significant differences between the EU15 countries: 75% of Dutch citizens and 66% of Swedish citizens have already discussed organ donations with their family, compared with only 24% of citizens in Austria and 28% in Portugal. Malta stands out as the only new Member State to record a score above the European average (44% versus 42% for the EU25), while the subject is less frequently discussed in Cyprus (19%). Finally, in the two acceding countries, the question of organ donations is rarely discussed at family level: only 22% of Bulgarians and 16% of Romanians have already discussed this subject with their family. 5

7 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation A socio-demographic analysis also reveals significant differences: First of all, by gender: 45% of women declared that they had already discussed this subject with their family compared with 37% of men. Then, by age: active people, that is to say respondents aged between 25 and 39, and those aged between 40 and 54 discuss this subject more frequently with their family (46%) than younger people (32% of the age group), and paradoxically, more than the oldest age group (37% of those aged 55 and over). The respondent s occupation and its corollary, his or her education, are other discriminating criteria. Top managers (57%), self-employed people (44%) and other employees (45%) have discussed this subject more frequently than manual workers (41%) or unemployed people (32%). In the same way, people who left school at 15 or earlier are the least likely to have discussed this subject (32% versus 55% of those who studied up to or beyond the age of 20). Have already discussed human organ donation or transplantation with your family Yes No Do not know EU average 53% 16% 16% Sex Male 37% 62% 1% Female 45% 54% 1% Age % 66% 2% % 53% 1% % 53% 1% % 62% 1% Education (End of) 15-32% 66% 2% % 59% 1% % 44% 1% Still studying 34% 64% 2% Profession Self-employed 44% 54% 2% Managers 57% 42% 1% Other white collars 45% 54% 1% Manual workers 41% 58% 1% House persons 44% 54% 2% Unemployed 32% 66% 2% Retired 34% 65% 1% Students 34% 64% 2% 6

8 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation 1.2. DONATING ONE S OWN ORGANS - A majority of Europeans are willing to donate one of their organs after their death - Some 56% of Europeans are ready to donate one of their organs to an organ donation service immediately after their death 7. Just over one in four is against the idea (26%), while almost one in five felt unable to express an opinion on this question (18%). In terms of changes in comparison to 2002, the results are in line with those noted for the question on family discussions: the results are relatively stable, but slightly lower. In 2002, 59% of Europeans in the EU15 declared that they would be willing to donate one of their organs, compared with 57% in The difference between the EU15 (57%) and the NMS10 (50%) countries is real, but not massive. The number of DK replies to this question, either because the respondents have not thought about the issue or cannot make up their mind, is in lien with that recorded in 2002: 18% (in the EU25 as in the EU15 countries, compared with 19% in 2002). Would you be willing to donate one of your organs to an organ donation service immediately after your death? % EB66.2, Autumn 2006 EB58.2, Spring 2002 EU25 EU15 NMS10 EU15 Yes No Do not know An analysis of the results by country reveals some fairly significant differences. Citizens in Northern European countries are more likely to envisage donating an organ. Except for Malta, which stands out once again (75% of citizens in Malta would be willing to donate one of their organs compared with 10% who are against the idea), support among citizens for the idea of donating one of their organs after their death is strongest in Northern Europe: Sweden (81%), Finland (73%), Belgium (73%), the Netherlands and Denmark (69% in both countries). At the other end of the scale, the most reluctant citizens are almost all from the Eastern European countries: especially in the Czech Republic where public opinion is particularly divided (44% are in favour of donating one of their organs while 39% who are against the idea), and notably Austria (33% versus 47%) and Latvia (29% versus 59%), where the majority of respondents are against donating an organ after their death. 7 Would you be willing to donate one of your organs to an organ donation service immediately after your death? 7

9 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation In Bulgaria (40%) and above all in Romania (27%, the lowest percentage recorded in our survey), the proportions of respondents who would be willing to donate one of their organs after their death are less than those measured in the whole of the European Union. 8

10 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation Would be willing to donate one of their organs to an organ donation service immediately after their death Yes No Do not know EU average 56% 26% 18% Sex Male 56% 26% 18% Female 56% 25% 19% Age % 23% 18% % 23% 17% % 24% 18% % 31% 20% Education (End of) 15-45% 34% 21% % 26% 18% % 18% 16% Still studying 60% 21% 19% Profession Self-employed 56% 23% 21% Managers 67% 17% 16% Other white collars 60% 23% 17% Manual workers 57% 25% 18% House persons 50% 26% 24% Unemployed 55% 31% 14% Retired 49% 33% 18% Students 60% 21% 19% Left-Right scale Left 62% 23% 15% Centre 56% 26% 18% Right 55% 27% 18% Discussions with family on transplantation and donation of organs Has discussed 77% 12% 11% Has never discussed 42% 35% 23% An in-depth socio-demographic analysis does not reveal any significant differences according to either the gender or age of the interviewees. Only the seniors stand out: the percentage of seniors willing to donate one of their organs after their death is below the European average (49% versus 56% for Europeans as a whole). It is probable that this apparent age cleavage translates an educational cleavage: in fact, the respondent s level of education has a strong influence on the result for this question. Those who remained in full-time education the longest are 9

11 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation far more likely than the others to be wiling to donate one of their organs (66% versus 45% for those who left school at 15 or earlier). If the oldest respondents are less likely to be ready to donate one of their organs, it is probably because their level of education is lower: the number of seniors who left school before the age of 16 is above the European average. However, it is the number of no replies that reflects most strikingly the educational difference: 34% of the least educated would refuse to donate one of their organs after their death, versus 18% of those who studied up to or beyond the age of 20. In terms of occupation, top managers are more likely to be willing to donate one of their organs (67%) than self-employed people (56%) and men and women looking after the home (50%). Once again, it is possible that this difference translates in fact an educational cleavage. Finally, it is noteworthy that interviewees on the right of the political spectrum are slightly less likely to be prepared to donate an organ than those on the left of the political spectrum (55% for respondents on the right versus 62% for those on the left). - The fact that respondents have already discussed this subject with their family has a strong influence on their willingness to donate one of their organs - The fact that respondents have already discussed the question of organ donations and transplantations with their family is the most discriminating factor on this question, more so than the respondent s socio-demographic category. The position is very clear: 77% of those who have already discussed this question with their family are willing to donate one of their organs after their death, compared with only 12% who would not and 11% who are undecided. Respondents who have never had such a discussion are far more divided: 42% would donate an organ after their death, versus 35% who would not and 23% who are undecided. It is clear therefore that discussion shapes the opinion of respondents. The proportion of DK replies was 23% among those who have never discussed this subject with their family, and only 11% among those who have already had such discussions. This result is fairly encouraging: first of all, in general, because it means that the fact of discussing the subject of organ donations has a strong positive influence on how people view this subject, and in particular on the willingness of individuals to donate one of their organs after their death. It is therefore conceivable that communication campaigns on this subject, by stimulating discussion, would increase significantly the proportion of Europeans ready to donate one of their organs after their death. Then, more specifically, an analysis of the results of the NMS10 countries shows that 50% of citizens in the new Member States are ready to donate one of their organs, while only 25% of them have already discussed this subject with their family. Therefore, the potential for improving the willingness of individuals to donate one of their organs is fairly high in the new Member States, provided that awareness can be raised through a public debate. 10

12 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation 1.3. DONATING AN ORGAN FROM A DECEASED CLOSE FAMILY MEMBER - The majority of Europeans are not only wiling to donate one of their organs after their death, they would also agree to donate an organ from a deceased close family member. The level of support for organ donations has increased significantly since More than one in two Europeans (54%) would agree to donate an organ from a deceased close family member if requested by the hospital 8. On this question, unlike the results previously noted, European opinion has evolved fairly significantly since 2002: the proportion of respondents who would give their consent has increased by 8 points (from 46% to 54%). On the other hand, the percentage of Europeans who would not agree to donate an organ from a family member has remained fairly stable. It is therefore the proportion of DK replies which has changed considerably: it has fallen from 33% to 23%. European public opinion is therefore taking shape on this question, and moving towards greater acceptance of organ donations. It is interesting to compare the results of the two questions, that is to say the question on donating ones own organs and the one on donating the organs of a family member: although Europeans would be slightly more likely to agree to donate one of their own organs after their death (56%) than to agree to donate the organ of a deceased family member (54%), the opposite is true as regards refusing consent, in that 26% would refuse to donate one of their own organs after their death, while 23% would refuse their consent for the donation of an organ from a deceased close family member. Finally, it would seem to be more difficult to take a decision on donating the organs of a deceased close family member as opposed to donating one s own organs: the proportions of DK replies for these two questions are respectively 23% (for a close family member) and 18% (for the respondent s own organs). If you were asked in a hospital to donate an organ from a deceased close family member, would you agree? % EB66.2, Autumn 2006 EB58.2, Spring 2002 EU25 EU15 NMS10 EU15 Yes No Do not know QB37 If you were asked in a hospital to donate an organ from a deceased close family member, would you agree? 11

13 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation Fairly logically, the countries in which respondents are more likely to be willing to donate one of their organs after their death are also those where respondents would be more ready to give their consent to an organ being donated from a deceased close family member. Sweden (74%), Finland (73%), the Netherlands (66%) and Belgium (65%) are the countries with the highest levels of acceptance for the idea of donating an organ from a deceased close family member, with Malta (71%) once again standing out 12

14 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation among the above countries from the centre and North of Europe. It is to be noted in this regard that citizens in the Netherlands and Sweden are the most likely to have discussed these questions with their family. On the other hand, citizens in Italy (39% versus 29% who would not give their consent), Latvia (38% versus 43%) and Austria (35% versus 43%) are again the least enthusiastic. The case of Germany is noteworthy: German citizens are below the European average for questions regarding organ donations (personally or for a close family member). Yet, 42% of German citizens have already discussed with their family the question of organ donations and transplantations, i.e. a level comparable to that of the European Union (41% for the EU25). By way of comparison, citizens in Germany discuss this subject more frequently than citizens in Belgium (39%) or Malta (41%) despite the fact that citizens in those countries are far more inclined to agree to donate an organ from a deceased close family member. Finally, it is noteworthy that Romania (32%) and Bulgaria (41%), not yet members of the European Union at the time of the survey, are far less likely than Europeans as a whole to agree to the donation of an organ from a deceased close family member. Would be willing to donate an organ from a deceased close family member Yes No Do not know EU average 54% 23% 23% Age % 24% 24% % 21% 22% % 22% 20% % 26% 24% Education (End of) 15-47% 29% 24% % 24% 22% % 17% 19% Still studying 53% 23% 24% Profession Self-employed 55% 20% 25% Managers 64% 16% 20% Other white collars 59% 21% 20% Manual workers 55% 24% 21% House persons 49% 23% 28% Unemployed 53% 25% 22% Retired 50% 28% 22% Students 53% 23% 24% Discussions with family on transplantation and donation of organs Has discussed 72% 12% 16% Has never discussed 43% 31% 26% 13

15 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation A socio-demographic analysis of the interviewees shows that the trends previously noted also apply to this question Education is once again the most discriminating criterion, since acceptance of the donation of an organ from a deceased close family member increases with the respondent s level of education (from 47% for those who left school the earliest to 64% for those who studied up to or beyond the age of 20). Consequently, top managers (who often studied the longest) are the most likely to agree to donate an organ from a deceased relative (64%), while men and women looking after the home are more undecided (49%, and 28% of DK replies). As noted earlier, the fact of having already discussed this subject with family members has a very strong positive impact on the results for this question. There is a difference of almost 30 points between people who have discussed this subject with their family (72% would agree to donate an organ from a deceased close family member) and those who have never discussed it (43%). Only 12% of the respondents who have discussed the subject with their family are opposed to the idea of donating an organ from a deceased close family member, while the corresponding proportion is 31% among those who have not discussed this question with their family. 14

16 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation 1.4. ORGAN DONATION CARDS When someone has just died, it is sometimes difficult to ascertain their wishes regarding the delicate subject of organ donations. Sometimes, even the deceased person s family does not know his or her wishes in this regard, and is not in a position to take a decision, especially at a very difficult time following the sometimes brutal announcement of the death of a loved one. An organ donation card makes clear the deceased person s wishes and can therefore guide families which must give their consent for any donation. Our survey reveals that there is a very strong gulf between acceptance of the principle of organ donation cards and the actual existence of such cards among the European population The use of organ donation cards - More than four out of five Europeans are in favour of the use of organ donation cards - Europeans are overwhelmingly in favour of the use of organ donation cards to make it easier to identify people willing to donate their organs after their death 9. Some 81% are in favour of the use of such cards, versus 19% who are against the idea. This view is more widespread in the fifteen old Member States (82%), than in the new Member States (75%). 9 Do you support the use of organ donation cards to make it easier to identify people willing to donate organs after their death? 15

17 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation This support for the use of organ donation cards seems to be correlated to acceptance of the principle of donating either one s own organs or those of a deceased close family member: the countries where support for the use of organ donations cards is the strongest are also those where citizens are the most willing to donate one of their organs or one of those of a deceased close family member. Citizens in Sweden (95%), Malta (95%), Finland (92%), Denmark (89%) and the Netherlands (89%) are the most in favour of organ 16

18 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation donation cards, while the lowest support is to be found in the Czech Republic (60%), Slovakia (65%) and Latvia (65%). It is noteworthy that in Belgium support for the use of organ donation cards is below the European average, whereas Belgian citizens are among those the most likely to agree to donate one of their organs or an organ of a deceased close family member. Once again Romania stands out on this question: it is the only country where a majority of citizens interviewed are against the use of organ donation cards. It is noteworthy that for all the questions used in the survey, citizens in Romania and to a lesser extent in Bulgaria stand out by the fact that they perceive organ donations far less positively than Europeans as a whole. Focus on acceding countries, Romania and Bulgaria EU25 Romania Difference from EU average Bulgaria Difference from EU average Has already discussed donation of organs % Yes Willing to donate one of his/her organs % Yes Would agree to donate an organ from a deceased close family member % Yes Supports the use of organ donation cards % Yes 41% 16% % % 27% % % 32% % % 49% % -10 The interviewees are therefore overwhelmingly in favour of the use of organ donation cards. Although there are no important differences in socio-demographic terms, there are nevertheless certain discriminating criteria; not surprisingly, they are the criteria identified previously, namely the respondent s level of education and whether the respondent has previously discussed with his or her family the question of organ donations and transplantations. Support for the use of organ donation cards Yes EU average 81% Education (End of) 15-73% % % Still studying 83% Discussions with family on transplantation and donation of organs Has discussed 91% Has never discussed 71% 17

19 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation Organ donation card holders - It is still relatively rare for Europeans to have an organ donation card - Only 12% of Europeans have an organ donation card 10. This general result conceals however fairly important differences between countries. On average, only 1% of citizens in the new Member States have an organ donation card while the corresponding percentage in the EU15 is 12%. Once again the Dutch lead the other European countries as regards this organ donation question. More than 4 out of 10 Dutch citizens have an organ donation card. Swedish citizens come in second place (30%) followed by Irish (29%) and British (26%) citizens. At the other end of the scale, organ donation cards are practically non-existent in the NMS10 countries (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia all with 1%, Hungary has 0%), with the notable exception of Malta (15%). 10 Do you already have an organ donation card? 18

20 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation A socio-demographic analysis reveals a slight difference according to the respondent s gender: women are slightly more likely than men to have an organ donation card (14% versus 10% of men). However, education is once again the most discriminating criterion: 8% of those who left school before the age of 16 have a card, compared with 18% of those who studied up to or beyond the age of 20. The level of information, often correlated to the respondent s level of education, seems therefore to play an important role in the use of organ donation cards, and more generally with regard to opinions on organ donations and transplantations: the most educated respondents (or at least those who studied up to or beyond the age of 20), who are generally better informed on societal issues, are the most in favour of organ donations and organ donation cards; moreover, the number of them having an organ donation card is above the European average. The results measured among people having already discussed this subject with their family confirm the essential role played by information: 25% of those who have already had this type of discussion with family members, a fortiori better informed, have an organ donation card, compared with only 3% of those who have never discussed this subject with their family. Already has an organ donation card Yes EU average 12% Sex Male 10% Female 14% Education (End of) 15-8% % % Still studying 8% Discussions with family on transplantation and donation of organs Has discussed 25% Has never discussed 3% 19

21 Special EUROBAROMETER 272 Europeans and organ donation Conclusion More than four out of ten Europeans (41%) have already discussed the subject of human organ donations and transplantations with their family. This proportion is slightly down on the level recorded in 2002 (-5 points), in particular because the subject is far les frequently discussed in the NMS10 than in the EU15 countries. Overall, respondents are fairly positive about donating their own organs, but once again the result is slightly lower than in A majority of European Union citizens (56%) would be willing to donate one of their organs to a specialised organ donation service after their death; 22% would refuse and 18% are undecided. On the other hand, the proportion of Europeans who would agree to donate an organ from a deceased close family member has increased considerably: 54% would agree, +8 points in comparison to European citizens are starting to form a clearer opinion on this subject since the proportion of DK replies has fallen from 33% to 23%. The number of Europeans with reservations is fairly stable: 23% versus 21% in The respondent s level of education and his or her occupation are fairly discriminating criteria for these questions: the higher the respondent s level of education and socio-professional level, the more he or she has a positive view of organ donations. However, the most discriminating criterion is undoubtedly the fact of having already discussed this subject with family members. This has an extremely positive impact on the results. Discussing organ donations and transplantations is difficult, since it involves a complicated, even sometimes taboo subject: death, particularly that of a close family member. The study demonstrates clearly that engaging family members in a discussion on this subject boost strongly positive opinions on organ donations and transplantations. To facilitate organ donation decisions and formalities, organ donation cards, which indicate the card holder s wishes in this regard, are perceived very positively by European citizens: 81% of them are in favour of their use, versus 19% who are against the idea. On the other hand, such cards are for the time being fairly rarely used in the European Union. Even if certain countries stand out at European level (in particular the Netherlands, which is considerably ahead of other countries in this area), 12% of citizens have an organ donation card. In the NMS10 countries in particular, the use of such cards is extremely limited. Nevertheless, there seems to be a very strong potential for improvement, especially since overall the NMS10 attitude to organ donations is positive, and the level of support is, after all, fairly close to that of the EU15. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that family discussions on organ donations and transplantations are fairly rare in the NMS10. It is therefore probable that an enhanced public debate on this question, for example via communication campaigns, will have very positive consequences in the short or medium term on the population s acceptance of organ donations. 20

22 ANNEXES

23 Technical specifications

24 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N 272D Europeans and organ donation TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Between the 6 th of October and the 8 th of November 2006, TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between Taylor Nelson Sofres and EOS Gallup Europe, carried out wave 66.2 of the EUROBAROMETER, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate General Communication, Public Opinion and Media Monitoring. The Special Eurobarometer N 272D is part of EUROBAROMETER 66.2 and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The Special Eurobarometer N 272D has also been conducted in the two acceding countries (Bulgaria and Romania) and in one of the two candidate countries (Croatia) and in the Turkish Cypriot Community. In these countries, the survey covers the national population of citizens of the respective nationalities and the population of citizens of all the European Union Member States that are residents in those countries and have a sufficient command of one of the respective national language(s) to answer the questionnaire. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density. In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.

25 ABBREVIATIONS COUNTRIES INSTITUTES N INTERVIEWS FIELDWORK DATES POPULATION 15+ BE Belgium TNS Dimarso /10/ /10/ CZ Czech Rep. TNS Aisa /10/ /10/ DK Denmark TNS Gallup DK /10/ /11/ DE Germany TNS Infratest /10/ /10/ EE Estonia Emor /10/ /11/ EL Greece TNS ICAP /10/ /11/ ES Spain TNS Demoscopia /10/ /11/ FR France TNS Sofres /10/ /11/ IE Ireland TNS MRBI /10/ /11/ IT Italy TNS Abacus /10/ /11/ CY Rep. of Cyprus Synovate /10/ /10/ CY(tcc) Turkish Cypriot Comm. KADEM /10/ /10/ LV Latvia TNS Latvia /10/ /11/ LT Lithuania TNS Gallup Lithuania /10/ /10/ LU Luxembourg TNS ILReS /10/ /10/ HU Hungary TNS Hungary /10/ /10/ MT Malta MISCO /10/ /10/ NL Netherlands TNS NIPO /10/ /10/ AT Austria Österreichisches Gallup-Institut /10/ /10/ PL Poland TNS OBOP /10/ /11/ PT Portugal TNS EUROTESTE /10/ /11/ SI Slovenia RM PLUS /10/ /10/ SK Slovakia TNS AISA SK /10/ /10/ FI Finland TNS Gallup Oy /10/ /10/ SE Sweden TNS GALLUP /10/ /11/ UK United Kingdom TNS UK /10/ /11/ BG Bulgaria TNS BBSS /10/ /10/ RO Romania TNS CSOP /10/ /11/ HR Croatia Puls /10/ /10/ TOTAL /10/ /11/

26 For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed above. Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits: Observed percentages 10% or 90% 20% or 80% 30% or 70% 40% or 60% 50% Confidence limits ± 1.9 points ± 2.5 points ± 2.7 points ± 3.0 points ± 3.1 points

27 Questionnaire

28 A your survey number A votre numéro d'étude ( ) ( ) EB65.4 A EB65.4 A B country code B code pays ( ) ( ) EB65.4 B EB65.4 B C our survey number C notre numéro d'étude ( ) ( ) EB65.4 C EB65.4 C D Interview number D numéro de l'interview ( ) ( ) EB65.4 D EB65.4 D EB662MasterIN_v7 1/52 09/11/2006

29 QB34 Are you in favour of smoking bans in the following places? QB34 Etes-vous en faveur des interdictions de fumer dans les endroits suivants? (SHOW CARD WITH SCALE ONE ANSWER PER LINE) (MONTRER CARTE AVEC ECHELLE UNE REPONSE PAR LIGNE) (READ OUT) Totally in favour Somewhat in favour Somewhat opposed Totally opposed DK (LIRE) Totalemen t en faveur Plutôt en faveur Plutôt opposé(e) Totalemen t opposé(e) NSP (381) 1 Restaurants (381) 1 (382) 2 Bars or Pubs (382) 2 3 Offices, and other indoor (383) workplaces (383) 4 Any indoor public space (metro, airports, shops, etc.) (384) (384) Les restaurants Les bars ou les cafés Les bureaux et autres lieux de travail couverts Tout lieu public couvert (métro, aéroports, magasins, etc.) EB64.3 QE8 EB64.3 QE8 QB35 Have you ever discussed human organ donation or transplantation with your family? QB35 Avez-vous déjà discuté du don ou de la transplantation d organes humains avec votre famille? Yes No DK EB58.2 Q62 (385) (385) 1 Oui 1 2 Non 2 3 NSP 3 EB58.2 Q62 QB36 Would you be willing to donate one of your organs to an organ donation service immediately after your death? (M) QB36 Seriez-vous prêt(e) à donner un de vos organes à un service de don d organes tout de suite après votre mort? (M) Yes (M) No (M) DK EB58.2 Q64 TREND MODIFIED (386) (386) 1 Oui (M) 1 2 Non (M) 2 3 NSP EB58.2 Q64 TREND MODIFIED 3 EB662MasterIN_v7 35/52 09/11/2006

30 QB37 If you were asked in a hospital to donate an organ from a deceased close family member, would you agree? (M) QB37 A l hôpital, si on vous le demandait, donneriez-vous votre accord pour le don d un organe d un parent proche décédé? Yes No DK EB58.2 Q65 (WORDING MODIFIED IN ENGLISH) (387) (387) 1 Oui 1 2 Non 2 3 NSP 3 EB58.2 Q65 (WORDING MODIFIED IN ENGLISH) QB38a Do you support the use of organ donation cards to make it easier to identify people willing to donate organs after their death? QB38a Etes-vous pour l utilisation des cartes de donneur d organes pour faciliter l identification des personnes prêtes à faire un don d organes après leur mort? Yes No NEW (388) (388) 1 Oui 1 2 Non 2 NEW QB38b Do you already have an organ donation card? QB38b Avez-vous déjà une carte de donneur d organes? Yes No NEW (389) (389) 1 Oui 1 2 Non NEW 2 EB662MasterIN_v7 36/52 09/11/2006

31 DEMOGRAPHICS DEMOGRAPHIQUES D1 In political matters people talk of "the left" and "the right".how would you place your views on this scale? D1 A propos de politique, les gens parlent de "droite" et de "gauche". Vous-même, voudriez-vous situer votre position sur cette échelle? (SHOW CARD) - (INT.: DO NOT PROMPT - IF CONTACT HESITATES, TRY AGAIN) (MONTRER CARTE) - (ENQ. : NE RIEN SUGGERER. SI LA PERSONNE HESITE, INSISTER) ( ) ( ) Left Right Gauche Droite Refusal DK EB66.1 D1 NO QUESTIONS D2 TO D6 11 Refus NSP 12 EB66.1 D1 PAS DE QUESTIONS D2 A D6 D7 Could you give me the letter which corresponds best to your own current situation? D7 Pouvez-vous m'indiquer la lettre qui correspond le mieux à votre situation actuelle? (SHOW CARD - READ OUT - ONE ANSWER ONLY) Married Remarried Unmarried, currently living with partner Unmarried, having never lived with a partner Unmarried, having previously lived with a partner, but now on my own Divorced Separated Widowed Other (SPONTANEOUS) Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) EB66.1 D7 (MONTRER CARTE - LIRE - UNE SEULE REPONSE) ( ) ( ) 1 Marié(e) 1 2 Remarié(e) 2 3 Célibataire vivant actuellement en couple 3 4 Célibataire n'ayant jamais vécu en couple 4 Célibataire ayant déjà vécu en couple dans le passé mais actuellement 5 seul(e) 5 6 Divorcé(e) 6 7 Séparé(e) 7 8 Veuf\Veuve 8 9 Autre (SPONTANE) 9 10 Refus (SPONTANE) 10 EB66.1 D7 D8 How old were you when you stopped full-time education? D8 A quel âge avez-vous arrêté vos études à temps complet? (INT.: IF "STILL STUDYING", CODE 00 ) (ENQ. : SI "ETUDIE ENCORE", CODER 00 ) ( ) ( ) EB66.1 D8 EB66.1 D8 EB662MasterIN_v7 46/52 09/11/2006

32 NO QUESTION D9 PAS DE QUESTION D9 D10 AND D11 ASKED BEFORE QB D10 ET D11 POSEE AVANT QB NO QUESTION D12 TO D14 PAS DE QUESTIONS D12 A D14 D15a&b ASKED BEFOR QB D15a&b POSEES AVANT QB NO QUESTIONS D16 TO D24 PAS DE QUESTIONS D16 A D24 D25 Would you say you live in a...? D25 Diriez-vous que vous vivez? (READ OUT) Rural area or village Small or middle sized town Large town DK EB66.1 D25 NO QUESTIONS D26 TO D39 (LIRE) (476) (476) 1 Dans une commune rurale 1 2 Dans une ville petite ou moyenne 2 3 Dans une grande ville 3 4 NSP 4 EB66.1 D25 PAS DE QUESTIONS D26 A D39 D40a Could you tell me how many people aged 15 years or more live in your household, yourself included? D40a Pouvez-vous me dire combien de personnes âgées de 15 ans et plus vivent dans votre foyer, y compris vous-même? INT.: READ OUT - WRITE DOWN) (ENQ. : LIRE - NOTER EN CLAIR) ( ) ( ) EB66.1 D40a EB66.1 D40a D40b Could you tell me how many children less than 10 years old live in your household? D40b Pouvez-vous me dire combien d enfants de moins de 10 ans vivent dans votre foyer? INT.: READ OUT - WRITE DOWN) ENQ. : LIRE - NOTER EN CLAIR) ( ) ( ) EB66.1 D40b EB66.1 D40b EB662MasterIN_v7 47/52 09/11/2006

33 D40c Could you tell me how many children aged 10 to 14 years old live in your household? D40c Pouvez-vous me dire combien d enfants de 10 à 14 ans vivent dans votre foyer? INT.: READ OUT - WRITE DOWN) ENQ. : LIRE - NOTER EN CLAIR) ( ) ( ) EB66.1 D40c EB66.1 D40c D41 You personally, were you born? D41 Vous-même, êtes-vous né(e)? (SHOW CARD - READ OUT - ONE ANSWER ONLY) In (OUR COUNTRY) In another Member Country of the European Union In Europe, but not in a Member Country of the European Union In Asia, in Africa or in Latin America In Northern America, in Japan or in Oceania Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) EB66.1 D41 DO NOT ASK D42 item 5 in BG and RO (MONTRER CATRE - LIRE - UNE SEULE REPONSE) (483) (483) 1 En (NOTRE PAYS) 1 2 Dans un autre Etat membre de l Union européenne 2 3 En Europe, mais pas dans un Etat membre de l Union européenne 3 4 En Asie, en Afrique ou en Amérique latine 4 5 En Amérique du Nord, au Japon ou en Océanie 5 6 Refus (SPONTANE) 6 EB66.1 D41 NE PAS POSER D42 item 5 en BG et RO D42 Which of these proposals corresponds to your situation? D42 Laquelle de ces propositions correspond à votre situation? (SHOW CARD - READ OUT - ONE ANSWER ONLY) Your mother and your father were born in (OUR COUNTRY) One of your parents was born in (OUR COUNTRY) and the other was born in another Member State of the European Union Your mother and your father were born in another Member State of the European Union One of your parents was born in (OUR COUNTRY) and the other was born outside of the European Union Your mother and your father were born outside the European Union DK\Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) EB65.4 D42 (MONTRER CATRE - LIRE - UNE SEULE REPONSE) (484) (484) 1 Votre mère et votre père sont nés en (NOTRE PAYS) 1 2 L un de vos parents est né en (NOTRE PAYS) et l autre est né dans un autre Etat membre de l Union européenne 2 3 Votre mère et votre père sont nés dans un autre Etat membre de l Union européenne 3 4 Un de vos parents est né en (NOTRE PAYS) et l autre est né en dehors de l Union européenne 4 5 Votre père et votre mère sont nés en dehors de l Union européenne 5 6 NSP \ Refus (SPONTANE) EB65.4 D42 6 EB662MasterIN_v7 48/52 09/11/2006

34 D43a Do you own a fixed telephone in your household? D43a Possédez-vous un téléphone fixe dans votre foyer? D43b Do you own a personal mobile telephone? D43b Possédez-vous un téléphone mobile\ GSM\ portable personnel? (485) (486) (485) (486) D43a D43b D43a D43b Fixed Mobile Fixe Mobile Yes 1 1 Oui 1 1 No 2 2 Non 2 2 EB66.1 D43a D43b EB66.1 D43a D43b D46 Which of the following goods do you have? D46 Parmi les biens suivants, lesquels possédez-vous? (SHOW CARD - READ OUT - SEVERAL ANSWERS POSSIBLE) Television DVD player Music CD player Computer An Internet connection at home A car An apartment \ a house which you have finished paying for An apartment \ a house which you are paying for None (SPONTANEOUS) DK EB66.1 D46 (MONTRER CARTE - LIRE - PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) ( ) ( ) 1, Une télévision 1, 2, Un lecteur DVD 2, 3, Un lecteur CD audio 3, 4, Un ordinateur 4, 5, Une connexion Internet à la maison 5, 6, Une voiture 6, 7, Un appartement \ Une maison que vous avez fini de payer 7, 8, Un appartement \ Une maison que vous êtes en train de payer 8, 9, Aucun (SPONTANE) 9, 10, NSP EB66.1 D46 10, EB662MasterIN_v7 49/52 09/11/2006

35 INTERVIEW PROTOCOLE PROTOCOLE D'INTERVIEW P1 DATE OF INTERVIEW P1 DATE DE L'INTERVIEW ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) DAY MONTH JOUR MOIS EB66.1 P1 EB66.1 P1 P2 TIME OF THE BEGINNING OF THE INTERVIEW P2 HEURE DU DEBUT DE L'INTERVIEW (INT.:USE 24 HOUR CLOCK) (ENQ. : DE 0 A 23 HEURE) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) HOUR MINUTES HEURE MINUTES EB66.1 P2 EB66.1 P2 P3 NUMBER OF MINUTES THE INTERVIEW LASTED P3 DUREE DE L'INTERVIEW EN MINUTES ( ) ( ) MINUTES MINUTES P4 P5 EB66.1 P3 Number of persons present during the interview, including interviewer Two (interviewer and respondent) Three Four Five or more EB66.1 P4 Respondent cooperation Excellent Fair Average Bad EB66.1 P5 EB66.1 P3 P4 Nombre de personnes présentes pendant l'interview, l'enquêteur inclus. (508) (508) 1 Deux (l'enquêteur et le répondant) 1 2 Trois 2 3 Quatre 3 4 Cinq et plus 4 EB66.1 P4 P5 Coopération du répondant (509) (509) 1 Excellente 1 2 Bonne 2 3 Moyenne 3 4 Médiocre 4 EB66.1 P5 EB662MasterIN_v7 50/52 09/11/2006

36 P6 Size of locality P6 Catégorie d'habitat (LOCAL CODES) (CODES LOCAUX) ( ) ( ) EB66.1 P6 EB66.1 P6 P7 Region P7 Région (LOCAL CODES) (CODES LOCAUX) ( ) ( ) EB66.1 P7 EB66.1 P7 P8 Postal code P8 Code postal ( ) ( ) EB66.1 P8 EB66.1 P8 P9 Sample point number P9 N point de chute ( ) ( ) EB66.1 P9 EB66.1 P9 P10 Interviewer number P10 N enquêteur ( ) ( ) EB66.1 P10 EB66.1 P10 P11 Weighting factor P11 Facteur de pondération ( ) ( ) EB66.1 P11 EB66.1 P11 EB662MasterIN_v7 51/52 09/11/2006

37 P13 ASK ONLY in LU, BE, ES, FI, EE, LV and MT Language of interview Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 EB66.1 P13 POSER UNIQUEMENT en LU, BE, ES, FI, EE, LV et MT P13 Langue de l'interview (546) (546) 1 Langue Langue Langue 3 EB66.1 P13 3 EB662MasterIN_v7 52/52 09/11/2006

38 Tables

39 QB35 Avez-vous déjà discuté du don ou de la transplantation d organes humains avec votre famille? QB35 Have you ever discussed human organ donation or transplantation with your family? UE25 CY EU25 BE CZ DK D-W DE D-E EE EL ES FR IE IT CY (tcc) LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT SI SK FI SE UK BG RO HR TOTAL ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### Oui / Yes 41% 38% 19% 58% 44% 42% 33% 20% 36% 45% 47% 40% 39% 19% 22% 25% 29% 42% 25% 42% 75% 24% 26% 28% 30% 30% 47% 66% 43% 22% 16% 30% Non / No 58% 62% 80% 41% 55% 57% 66% 79% 64% 52% 53% 59% 57% 80% 76% 75% 70% 57% 75% 58% 25% 75% 72% 71% 70% 69% 53% 34% 57% 77% 82% 69% NSP / DK 1% - 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% - 3% - 1% 4% 1% 2% - 1% 1% % 2% 1% - 1% % 2% 1%

40 QB36 Seriez-vous prêt(e) à donner un de vos organes à un service de don d organes tout de suite après votre mort? QB36 Would you be willing to donate one of your organs to an organ donation service immediately after your death? TOTAL Oui / Yes Non / No NSP / DK UE25 EU % 26% 18% BE % 23% 6% CZ % 39% 17% DK % 18% 13% D-W % 30% 23% DE % 31% 23% D-E % 32% 21% EE % 23% 19% EL % 37% 10% ES % 16% 27% FR % 20% 13% IE % 16% 17% IT % 30% 25% CY % 16% 27% CY (tcc) % 28% 20% LV % 59% 12% LT % 28% 24% LU % 25% 13% HU % 33% 16% MT % 10% 15% NL % 19% 12% AT % 47% 20% PL % 27% 22% PT % 20% 14% SI % 22% 15% SK % 35% 15% FI % 18% 9% SE % 8% 11% UK % 25% 12% BG % 31% 29% RO % 46% 27% HR % 26% 19%

41 QB37 A l hôpital, si on vous le demandait, donneriez-vous votre accord pour le don d un organe d un parent proche décédé? QB37 If you were asked in a hospital to donate an organ from a deceased close family member, would you agree? TOTAL Oui / Yes Non / No NSP / DK UE25 EU % 23% 23% BE % 28% 7% CZ % 36% 24% DK % 21% 16% D-W % 27% 26% DE % 28% 26% D-E % 28% 26% EE % 21% 26% EL % 33% 13% ES % 10% 31% FR % 23% 16% IE % 16% 27% IT % 29% 32% CY % 16% 31% CY (tcc) % 21% 21% LV % 43% 19% LT % 24% 28% LU % 26% 12% HU % 32% 19% MT % 10% 19% NL % 20% 14% AT % 43% 22% PL % 21% 21% PT % 22% 15% SI % 21% 20% SK % 34% 20% FI % 17% 10% SE % 9% 17% UK % 18% 19% BG % 27% 32% RO % 37% 31% HR % 25% 22%