Summer Study Guides for Junior English

Transcription

1 Summer Study Guides for Junior English Welcome to 11 th grade English Language Arts. I look forward to meeting you in the new school year! In the meantime, have a restful, wonderful summer, and enjoy reading or re-reading two great American classic novels. If you are not already familiar with To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, it is a comingof-age story told through the eyes of a little girl growing up in the tumultuous 1930s American South. Inspired real life events, Harper Lee opens a window onto a tragic time in American history. I invite you to consider the past through her eyes for a moment, and discover for yourself what it was like to live in a world very different from our experience today. Reflect on the timeless words of the character, Atticus Finch, from the novel, You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view, until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. The second novel you will read over the summer is Ernest Hemingway s classic novella, The Old Man and the Sea. It s a VERY SHORT book that thrusts the reader into an examination of a human vs. nature. It may simply seem like a story of a really old guy struggling to catch and keep a huge fish, but Hemingway is saying a lot more than one might perceive on the surface. This is a tale of human perseverance. Told from the third-person point of view, in vivid, natural simplicity and symbolic dreams, the novella invites the reader to persevere along with the main character as he fights for the catch of his life. Dear Student: Begin your summer reading with To Kill a Mockingbird and then follow it with The Old Man and the Sea. Please complete the following assignments, and have them ready on the first day back at school in English class. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee SUMMER 2016 Study Guide PART 1: To Kill a Mockingbird -- Vocabulary with Definitions Directions: Before you begin each chapter, take a look at the vocabulary words that are defined for you below. One word in each section IS NOT defined and requires YOU to add a brief definition and its part of speech. After you complete the reading for each set of chapters and have filled in the definition for the missing one, CHOOSE ONE vocabulary word from each set (it may or may not be the one you defined), and write an original sentence that shows you understand the meaning of that word. There is space provided after each section where you may write your original sentence.

2 Chapters apothecary (n) one who prepares and sells medicines 2. assuaged (v) made less severe or burdensome 3. indigenous (adj) occurring or living naturally in an area 4. malevolent (adj) having or exhibiting hatred 5. mortification (n) a feeling of shame or humiliation 6. piety (n) religious devotion and reverence to G-d 7. sojourn ( ) 8. unsullied (adj) spotlessly clean and fresh 9. vexations (n) irritations or annoyances 10. wallowing (v) heavily indulging in; rolling in Chapters abominable (adj) detestable; unpleasant 2. amiable (adj) pleasant; good-natured 3. auspicious (adj) presenting favorable circumstances 4. contentious (adj) tending to fight; quarrelsome 5. dispensation (n) a special allowance; privilege 6. expansively (adv) with a willingness to talk, share 7. fractious (adj) inclined to make trouble; unruly 8. persevere ( ) 9. tranquility (n) state of calm, peacefulness, serenity 10. tyranny (n) a government in which a single person assumes absolute control Chapters aloof (adj) distant; unfeeling 2. benevolence (n) inclination to perform charitable acts 3. benign (adj) compassionate; incapable of causing harm 4. bewilderment (n) condition of being confused 5. cherub (n) a winged, chubby angel 6. ensuing ( ) 7. morbid (adj) gruesome, gloomy, or dark 8. obliged (adj, v) under force of necessity; obligated 9. prowess (n) superior skill or ability; strength or courage 10. tacit (adj) unspoken; understood without being expressed

3 Chapters aberrations (n) deviations from the proper course 2. accosted (v) approached in a harsh manner; assaulted 3. ascertaining (v) discovering with certainty; determining 4. cleaved (v, adj) adhered to closely; clung to 5. embalming (v) treating with preservatives to prevent decay 6. feeble (adj) physically weak from age or sickness; frail 7. meditative (adj) given to contemplation or deep thought 8. unfathomable ( ) 9. vigil (n) wakefulness maintained in reverence to another person, usually after one s death 10. whittle (v) to carve or shape Chapters analogous (adj) possessing connections, similarities 2. antagonized (adj, v) created an enemy or an antagonist 3. articulate (adj) to speak clearly and in distinct syllables 4. contemporaries (n) those who exist/live at the same time 5. evasion (n) an act of escaping or avoiding 6. inconspicuous (adj) not noticeable or prominent 7. ingenious (adj) characterized by cleverness or originality 8. nauseating (adj) causing nausea or upset stomach 9. mausoleum (n) a magnificent, decorated tomb 10. provocation ( ) Chapters acquired (v, adj) obtained possession of something 2. altercation (n) an angry dispute; quarrel 3. compensation (n) something given to make up for something else 4. contemptuously (adv) showing contempt; scornfully 5. ecclesiastical (adj) having to do with the church or the clergy 6. formidable (adj) hard to overcome or deal with 7. inconsistent (adj) not consistent; not in agreement 8. permanence ( )

4 9. prerogative (n) a right or privilege 10. qualms (n) sudden, disturbing feelings of uneasiness Chapters edification (n) intellectual, spiritual, or moral improvement 2. inaudible (adj) not audible; cannot be heard 3. indulged (v, adj) gave in to one s pleasures; had what one wanted 4. obscure (v, adj) not clearly expressed; hard to understand 5. peculiarities (n) strange or unusual qualities 6. penitentiary (n) a prison for criminals 7. perish ( v) to be destroyed; die 8. placid ( ) 9. quarrel (n) an angry dispute or disagreement 10. resignation (n) the act of resigning, withdrawing Chapters acrimonious (adj) bitter, stinging, or caustic in nature or speech 2. corroborating (v) making more certain; double-checking; conspiring 3. countenance (n) appearance; face 4. frank (adj) direct and unreserved in speech 5. grudge (n) a feeling of resentment or ill-will 6. gullet (n) the esophagus; throat 7. lurched ( ) 8. profane (adj) hold contempt for, usually towards G-d or sacred principles 9. scrutiny (n) a thorough searching; a close examination or inquiry 10. subpoena (n) a summons for witnesses or evidence before a court Chapters acquainted (adj, v) familiar; having personal knowledge of 2. brash (adj) tactless; bold 3. browbeating (n) intimidating; bullying 4. expunge ( ) 5. lavations (n) washings; the process of bathing

5 6. pilgrimage (n) a journey or long quest for knowledge or religious reasons 7. predicament (n) an unpleasant situation 8. proceedings (n) a particular course of action 9. volition (n) the act of making a conscious decision 10. wrathfully (adv) with great anger, hatred, or ill-will Chapters acquit (v) declare someone innocent 2. contraband (n) goods that are illegally imported or exported 3. corrupting (v, adj) causing to be immoral or dishonest 4. detachment ( ) 5. discreet (adj) careful; good at keeping secrets 6. indicted (v) formally charged with a crime 7. perpetuated (v, adj) made something last, go on 8. temerity (n) reckless, offensive boldness 9. vengeance (n) punishment in return for a wrong 10. verdict (n) a decision made by a jury Chapters aggravate (v) to annoy or anger someone 2. appeal (n, v) an earnest or urgent request 3. cynical ( ) 4. diction (n) clarity when speaking; choice of words 5. fatalistic (adj) resigning to fate; allowing what happens to happen 6. fret (v) to worry 7. heathen (n) someone who deliberately insults religion, G-d, or a way of life 8. resentments (n) feelings of ill-will toward someone 9. statute (n) a law enacted by legislature 10. vehement (adj) with conviction or force Chapters adjourned (v) suspended until a later time 2. apprehension (n) hesitation

6 3. bellows (n) a device for blowing air on a flame in order for it to grow 4. devout (adj) devoted to divine worship or service 5. duress (n) constant threat; coercion 6. hypocrite (n) someone who pretends to have virtues, moral or religious beliefs, etc. that he or she does not possess 7. navigate ( ) 8. squalid (adj) foul and repulsive; neglected 9. varmint (n) an undesirable animal, usually a scavenger 10. veneer (n) a thin surface layer Chapters carcass (n) the body of a human or animal 2. contraption (n) a mechanical gadget or device 3. crooning (v) a soft singing or humming 4. eccentricities (n) oddities or peculiarities in conduct 5. furtive (adj) secret or shifty; sneaky 6. gait (n) a manner of walking or trotting 7. notoriety (n) the state of being known for some unfavorable act or quality 8. recluse (n) a person shut off or apart from the world; someone living in seclusion 9. staccato (adj) disconnected, shortened, detached sound 10. subordinates ( ) Chapters acquiescence (n) agreement or consent by silence 2. connived (v) cooperated in secret; conspired 3. contradict (v) to assert the contrary or opposite of 4. craw (n) the stomach of an animal 5. eluded ( ) 6. garishly (adv) with excessive ornateness or brightness 7. hearse (n) a vehicle for conveying a dead person to the place of burial 8. reprimand (v) a severe reproof or rebuke 9. sedative (n) tending to calm or soothe; a calming drug or agent 10. turmoil (n) a state of great commotion or unrest

7 PART 2 -- Reading Questions: As you read through the book, answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper in complete sentences. Not all chapters have a question. Chapter 1: 1. Who are the Radleys? Describe their house and yard. 2. Who were the Cunningham boys and what happened to them? Chapter 2: 1. What do you think of Miss Caroline Fisher as a teacher? Chapter 3: 1. Atticus tells Scout that you never really understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. What do you think this means? Chapter 4: 1. What s the first thing Scout finds in the knothole of the tree on the edge of the Radley property? What s the second thing she finds? How many of each item was there? Who, do you suppose, put the items in the tree hole? Chapter 5: 1. Describe Miss Maudie Atkinson. Chapter 6: 1. Jem wants to return to the Radley yard and fetch his pants so he can stay out of trouble with Atticus. Scout wants Jem to leave the pants where they are and face the consequences with Atticus. With which child do you agree? Why? Chapter 7: 1. What spooked Jem on the night of the Radley house incident? Who, do you suppose, did this? Chapter 8: 1. During the fire, Boo Radley has quietly placed a blanket across Scout s shoulders. Why doesn t Jem want his father to return the blanket to the Radley family? Chapter 9: 1. Thinking back to earlier chapters, what do we know about the Ewells? From this chapter, what do we know about Tom Robinson? Given this, why would the townsfolk be more likely to accept Mr. Ewell s testimony than Mr. Robinson s? Chapter 10: 1.Why isn t Atticus proud of his shooting ability? Chapter 11: 1. What was Jem s punishment for destroying Mrs. Dubose s flowers? Did it fit his crime?

8 Chapter 12: 1. Why is the church named First Purchase? Chapter 13: 1. Aunt Alexandra is critical of many of Maycomb s families. According to Jem, what s ironic about this? Chapter 14: 1. Dill tries to explain to Scout why he did not want to stay with his mother and new stepfather. State his reasons briefly in your own words. Chapter 15: 1. Why does Jem openly defy Atticus and refuse to leave? Chapter 16: 1. Jem says that mixed children are sad because they don t belong anywhere. What does he mean? Is having a sense of belonging important in life? Explain your thoughts. Chapter 17: 1. Why didn t Mr. Ewell have a doctor check out his daughter? What does this show us about the man? Chapter 18: 1. What is so important about Tom Robinson s physical appearance? What, according to the testimony, does this prove beyond a doubt? Chapter 19: 1. How is Mr. Link Deas heroic? Chapter 20: 1. At the beginning of the chapter, we find out that Mr. Raymond sips only Coca-Cola from a paper sack, deliberately pretending to be drunk. Why does he do this? Chapter 21: 1. How does Scout know the verdict before she hears it? Chapter 22: 1. What baby step was made with this case? Chapter 23: 1. How does Atticus react to Bob Ewell s threat against him? Chapter 24: 1. Explain briefly how Tom was killed. What is Atticus explanation for Tom s attempted escape? Do you agree with Atticus? Chapter 25: 1. Write the line from the end of the chapter in which Mr. Underwood s editorial in the Maycomb Tribune echoes Atticus earlier advice to Jem and Scout when they were given their guns. Then, explain how this connects to the title of the novel. Who is the mockingbird?

9 Chapter 26: 1. In her lesson on Hitler, Miss Gates says that Americans don t believe in persecuting anybody. Do you think she is right, why or why not? Chapter 28: 1. We don t know yet who the stranger is that carried Jem home, but you might have a good idea. Take a guess. Chapter 29: 1. Briefly describe the meeting between Scout and Boo. Chapter 30: 1. Did Heck Tate do the right thing in tampering with the evidence? Explain. Chapter 31: 1. In what way is Scout s neighborhood/street similar to the Mruna tribe in Africa? PART 3 -- Essay Topic: Build a 5-paragraph persuasive essay in which you examine the idea in the statement here: To Kill a Mockingbird is a coming-of-age novel. Scout and Jem both learn lessons about prejudice in the story. They both start out quite innocent at the beginning of the book. They then experience significant events throughout the story, and we see them greatly changed by these experiences by the end of the novel. Choose one of these characters (SCOUT or JEM) to write about. Using the Valley Torah essay structure format, create a FIVE-PARAGRAPH PERSUASIVE ESSAY that addresses how your chosen character (Scout or Jem) has changed by the end of the novel. CD stands for concrete detail, COM stands for commentary, CS stands for closing statement. Valley Torah - Essay Structure INTRODUCTION (4-5 sentences) 1. One sentence that hooks your reader s attention sentences about the topics you will cover in support of your thesis 3. THESIS STATEMENT (include title and author) Example: In the story, The Odyssey by Homer, in spite of all of Odysseys superior qualities, his hubris, rashness, and unfaithfulness make him a flawed person and an imperfect hero. BODY PARAGRAPH ONE TOPIC SENTENCE (Subject and opinion about thesis) CD (Quote/Detail) TRANSITION WORD (For example,) and lead in to the quote

10 COM (ANALYSIS) COM CD (Quote/Detail) TRANSITION WORD (In addition, ) and lead in to the quote COM (ANALYSIS) COM CD (Quote) TRANSITION WORD (Finally, ) and lead in to the quote COM (ANALYSIS) COM CS (concluding sentence) CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH (4-5) All commentary start with reiterating your thesis in a new way. Summarize big ideas Refer in your hook from the introduction. OTHER REMINDERS: Use present tense throughout. Do not use first person pronouns. Be sure quotes are cited with parenthetical documentation in MLA format. Give your quoted material good lead- ins using transitions. Check spelling/grammar/punctuation. *********************************************************************** Next novel study guide follows

11 Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway SUMMER 2016 Study Guide Answer the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES on a SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER. Where indicated, write a paragraph. DAY ONE: PAGES Who is Santiago? Describe his appearance and personality using details in the story. 2. Who is Manolin (the young boy)? Describe his appearance and personality using details from the story. 3. Describe Santiago s relationship with the young boy using details from the story. Describe Santiago s home. What does it say about him as a man? 4. Why do the other fishermen make fun of or pity Santiago? 5. Who does Santiago admire and why? You may have to do research on this question. 6. What does Santiago dream about? Write a paragraph explaining how his dream relates to the story s theme. DAY TWO: PAGES Why can the reader consider Santiago a superior fisherman? Give examples. 2. How does Santiago describe the sea? How is this different from other fishermen? 3. How does Santiago compare himself to a turtle on page 37? 4. How are women portrayed in this novella? 5. How does Santiago feel about the marlin? What does it symbolize to him? 6. Santiago contemplates his choice on page 50. What was this choice? 7. Does Santiago possess any flaws? Explain. DAY THREE: PAGES How is Santiago similar to the warbler? 2. Describe the developing bond between Santiago and the marlin. 3. Is Santiago afraid of death? Explain. 4. Describe the marlin. (62-63) 5. What part if his body does Santiago not trust? Why? 6. Why does Santiago worship baseball and Joe DiMaggio? 7. What is man s place in nature? What is man s place in the life cycle? DAY FOUR: PAGES What does it mean to be a man or to suffer like a man? (92) 2. Why does Santiago not care who kills who? (92) 3. How does the marlin transcend his death? (94) 4. How is the Mako Shark similar to the marlin? How is it different from the shovel-

12 nosed sharks? 5. How does Santiago feel about hope? (104) 6. Why can Santiago not look at the mutilated marlin? 7. How does Santiago justify what he has done to the marlin? Do you feel he is justified? Why or why not? 8. Do you feel that the marlin has died in vain? Why? 9. Explain the significance of: The boy keeps me alive. (106) DAY FIVE: PAGES Explain: A man can be destroyed but not defeated. (103) Was Santiago defeated by the shovel-nosed sharks? 2. Although Santiago will probably never have the chance to catch another big fish, how does he transcend the death of his fishing career? 3. Why is it significant that the book ends with Santiago dreaming of the lions? 4. How does Hemingway develop the theme, there is honor and beauty in defeat? 5. How is pride seen as a virtue? 6. How is the idea that life comes from death illustrated in the novella? 7. In ONE PARAGRAPH answer the following question. What does the marlin come to symbolize for Santiago and his life as a fisherman? You are done! Please bring all your completed work to class on the first day of English 11. Thank you! -