École Européenne d Acupuncture (E.E.A.) The Seven Emo+ons 1. ANGER nu 怒. Suwen 3

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1 The Seven Emo+ons 1 ANGER nu 怒 Suwen 3 The yang qi, prey to violent anger (da nu 怒 ) no longer do anything for the qi and the body. It leads the blood heavily towards the top, causing reversal by de=iciency (stroke, bo jue 薄厥 ). Among the zang organs, it is the liver [...] Among the expressions of will (zhi 志 ), it is anger (nu 怒 ). [...] Anger injures the liver. Sadness (bei 悲 ) prevails over anger. Suwen 22 When the liver is ill one has pains under the ribs on either side; the pain radiates to the lower abdomen; one is inclined to anger (shan nu 善怒 ). Suwen 23 When the yin comes out in the yang, as a result there is anger. When there is anger (nu 怒 ) the qi ( 氣 ) rises up (shang 上 ). [...] When there is anger, the qi goes into counter=low (ni 逆 ). If it is intense, there is vomiting of blood and even diarrhoea with undigested food. This is how the qi rises up (shang 上 ). Suwen 63 When the perverse in=luences (xie 邪 ) are lodged (ke 客 ) in the connective circulations (luo 絡 ) of the Shaoyin of the foot (Kidneys meridian), the patient has a sore throat to the point where he cannot swallow food; he is inclined to anger without reason; the rising up qi goes (countercurrent) above the cardia. When the kidneys are prey to swelling anger (sheng nu 盛怒 ) without power to stop it, then the will (zhi 志 ) is injured. The will injured, one cannot even remember what one has just said; the lumbar area and the spine cannot lean forward or backward, bend or straighten up. The hair becomes brittle and one gives all the signs of premature death. One dies at the end of summer.

2 The Seven Emo+ons 2 ELATION xi 喜 Among the organs zang, it is the heart. [...] Among the expressions of will (zhi 志 ), it is elation (xi 喜 ). [...] Elation injures the heart; fear (kong 恐 ) prevails over elation. Suwen 8 The middle of the chest (dan zhong 膻中 ) hold the charge of the servants and messengers (chen shi 臣使 ); elation and joy (xi le 喜樂 ) stem from that. Suwen 32 Illness by heat of the heart : =irst the patient is without joy (bu le 不樂 ); then after several days, =iever occurs... When there is elation (xi 喜 ) the qi becomes loose (huan 緩 ).[...] When there is elation, the qi is properly harmonized (qi he 氣和 ) and the will (zhi 志 ) spreads out well everywhere. Nutrition and defence (ying wei 營衛 ) are in free communication and function well (tong li 通利 ). This is how the qi is loosened (huan 緩 ). When the lung is prey to boundless elation and joy (xi le 喜樂 ), the Po ( 魄 ) are injured. When the Po are injured, one become mad (kuang 狂 ). With this madness, the intent (yi 意 ) knows no one, the skin shrivels and wrinkles. The body hair becomes brittle and one has all the signs of premature death. One dies in summer. Lingshu 22 Craziness (kuang 狂 ) : the patient eats a lot, easily hallucinates demons and geniuses (gui shen 鬼神 ), has a tendency to laugh but with no real sound : this result from a too great elation (da xi 喜 ). [...] Beginning of a madness (dian ji 癲疾 ) : First the patient is without joy (bu le 不樂 ), then the head is heavy and painful and the eyes turn upward and are red. When the disease increases without possibility of stopping the process, there is agitation and vexation (a feeling of unease in the chest and heart area, fan xin 煩 ).

3 The Seven Emo+ons 3 OVERTHINKING - OBSESSIVE THOUGHT si 思 Among the organs zang, it is the spleen [...] Among the expressions of will (zhi 志 ), it is the meditative thought (si 思 ) [...] Overthinking (obsessive thought, si 思 ) injures the spleen; anger (nu 怒 ) prevails over obsession. When there is obsessive thought (si 思 ) the qi is knotted (jie 結 ).[...] When there is obsessive thought, the heart (xin ) has a place to dwell (cun 存 ), and the spirits (shen 神 ) have a place to refer to (gui 歸 ). The correct qi (zheng qi 正氣 ) remains on the spot and does not circulate (bu xing 不 ). This is how the qi is knotted. Suwen 44 If obsessive thoughts (si xiang 思想 ) carry on inde=initely, and one does not succeed in getting what one aspires to, then the intent (yi 意 ) is scattered uncontrollably (yin 淫 ) on the outside (wai 外 ). If one intensively practices the affairs of the bedroom (sexual intercourses), then the converging (ancestral) muscle (zong jin 宗筋 ) is loosened to complete relaxation. Then muscular wilting (jin wei 筋痿 ) occurs, even causing uncontrolled =lowing out of the white substance. Suwen 47 The liver is the general in the center, and it relies for decisions on the help of the gallbladder. The throat is his messenger. When a man has numerous analyses of circumstances and multiple conceptions of plans (mou lü 謀慮 ), but is unable to take any decision (jue 決 ), this is an emptiness of the gallbladder. As a result the qi over=lows up to the mouth and there is bitterness in the mouth (ku 苦 ). Apprehension and anxiety (chu ti 怵惕 ), worries and concerns (si lü 思慮 ) injure the spirits (shen 神 ). When the spirits are injured, under the effect of fear and fright (kong ju 恐懼 ), there is a =lowing out that cannot stop. [...] When the heart is prey to apprehension and anxiety, worries and concerns, then the spirits are injured. The sipirits injured, under the effect of fear and fright, one loses possession of oneself (zi shi 失 ), the well-rounded forms become emaciated, and the mass of =lesh is ravaged. The hair becomes brittle and one gives all the signs of premature death. One dies in winter.

4 The Seven Emo+ons 4 SADNESS bei 悲 Anger injures (shang 傷 ) the liver; sadness (bei 悲 ) prevails over anger. When there is sadness (bei 悲 ), the qi disappears (xiao 消 ). [...] When there is sadness, the relation network proper to the heart (xin xi 系 ) is tightened (ji 急 ), the lung dilates and its leaves rise up; the upper heater no longer ensures its free communications, nutrition and defence (ying wei 營衛 ) are not diffused, the overheated qi are at the center. This is how the qi disappears. Suwen 44 In case of intense sadness and af=liction (bei ai 悲哀 ), the protection and connection (of the heart : bao luo 包絡 ) are interrupted (jue 絕 : stop to work correctly). Hence the yang qi ( 陽氣 ) start to move in the interior (nei 內 ). When the illness is set off, the heart causes haemorrhages (metorrhagia) below and there is frequent blood in the urine (haematuria). When the liver is prey to sadness and af=liction (bei ai 悲哀 ), one is moved at the centre, then the Hun ( 魂 ) are injured. The Hun injured, one becomes mad (kuang 狂 ) and forgetful (wang 忘 ) and there is no more essences (jing 精, vital essences, vitality). Being without essences (vitality), one can no longer ensure the uprightness (zheng 正, the correct norm). In this situation, the genitals (yin 陰 ) contract, the muscles (jin 筋 ) cramp, the =lanks on both sides can no longer rise. The body hair becomes brittle and one has all the signs of premature death. One dies in autumn. Lingshu 28 When one is prey to sadness and af=liction (bei ai 悲哀 ), grief and oppression (chou you 愁憂 ), the heart is moved, the =ive zang and the six fu are all disturbed, and being disturbed the «converging circulations» (zong mai 宗脈 ) are affected. The «converging circulations» being affected, the pathways of the dense and rich bodily =luids (ye 液 ) open. This is why tears and mucus come out.

5 The Seven Emo+ons 5 FEAR kong 恐 Among the organs zang, it is the kidneys [...] Among the expressions of will (zhi 志 ), it is the fear (kong 恐 ). [...] Fear (kong 恐 ) injures the kidneys. Re=lective thought (obsession, si 思 ) prevails over fear. Suwen 22 When the liver is ill [...] In case of emptiness, the vision becomes cloudy and the eye no longer sees, the ear no longer hears; one is easily afraid (kong 恐 ) like a man on the point to be arrested. Suwen 23 The stomach is responsable for rebellious qi (ni qi 逆氣 ), belching (yue 噦 ) and fear (kong 恐 ). When there is fear (kong 恐 ), the qi descends (xia 下 ).[...] When there is fear, the essences (jing 精 ) withdraw; withdrawing, the upper heater closes (bi 閉 ); closing, the qi turns back; turning back, the lower heater is swollen. This is how the qi does not circulate (bu xing 不 ). Under the effect of fear and fright (kong ju 恐懼 ) from which one cannot free oneself, the vital essences (jing 精 ) are injured. The essences injured, the bones are stiff and aching, and there is wilting (including impotence, wei 痿 syndrome) and reversal (jue 厥 syndrome); at times the essences (including sperm) descend by themselves. Lingshu 22 Furious word (kuang yan 狂 ), startling with fright (jing 驚 ), tendency to laughter (shan xiao 善笑 ), one likes to sing joyfully, erratic activities (insane behavior, wang xing 妄 ) without ever resting : this occurs through the effect of great fear (da kong 恐 ). [...] When the craziness (kuang 狂 ) starts, =irst one is sad (bei 悲 ), has a tendency to be forgetful (wang 忘 ), then has bitter angers (ku nu 苦怒 ), tendency to be afraid (kong 恐 ). In case oppression (depression, grief, you 憂 ) occurs, one is no more eating.

6 The Seven Emo+ons 6 FRIGHT jing 驚 Suwen 3 As a result of the cold, desires are the axis of motion, activity and rest come like a surprise (jing 驚 ), the qi of the spirits (shen qi 神氣 ) is =loating (fu 浮 ). Suwen 4 The green aspect (qing se 青 ) of the eastern quarter penetrates (ru 入 ) to communicate (tong 通 ) with the liver; it opens its ori=ice at the eye, it stores (cang 藏 ) the vital essences (jing 精 ) in the liver. Its disturbance (bing 病 ) is indicated by startling and trembling (jing hai 驚駭 ). When there is fright (startling with fright, jing 驚 ) the qi is in disorder (luan 亂 ). [...] When there is (startling with) fright (jing 驚 ) the heart no longer has a place to rely on (yi 倚 ), the spirits (shen 神 ) no longer have a place to refer to (gui 歸 ), re=lexion (project, lü 慮 ) no longer has a place to settle (ding 定 ). This is how the qi is in disorder. Suwen 32 Warm disease in the liver : at =irst, the urine turns yellow, the abdomen is painful and one stays in bed a lot, the body is hot (=iever, hot effusion). When the heat enters in con=lict (with the organ itself), then there are crazy speech (kuang yan 狂 ), leading to spasms (jing 驚 ), the ribs are congested and painful, the hands and feet agitated (zao 躁 ), one cannot stay peacefully in bed. [...] One needles the Jueyin and Shaoyang of foot. Suwen 43 Liver blocage (bi 痹 ) : when one is lying down at night, one is gripped by (startling with) fright (spasms, jing 驚 ), one drink a lot and urinates frequently; it radiates above giving the same feeling than in pregnancy.

7 The Seven Emo+ons 7 OPPRESSION - GRIEF you 憂 Among the organs zang, it is the heart. [...] Among movements that react to change (bian dong 變動 ), it is oppressive grief (you 憂 ). [...] Among the organs zang, it is the lung [...] Among the expressions of willpower, it is oppressive grief (you 憂 ). [...] Grief injures the lung; elation (xi 喜 ) prevails over oppressive grief. Suwen 23 When they are all together in the liver, there is oppressive grief (you 憂 ) Suwen 43 When the over=lowing qi (yin qi 淫氣 ) make oppression and obsession (you si 憂思 ), the blockage (bi 痹 ) condenses in the heart. Suwen 66 Man has =ive zang and, through transformation, =ive qi, which produce elation (xi 喜 ), anger (nu 怒 ), sadness (bei 悲 ), oppressive grief (you 憂 ) and fear (kong 恐 ). When the spleen falls prey to oppression and sorrow (chou you 愁憂 ) and cannot free itself, the intent (yi 意 ) is attacked. When the intent (yi 意 ) is attacked, one is disturbed until the disorder is total (man luan 悗亂 ); the four limbs can no longer rise. The hair becomes brittle and one gives all the signs of premature death. One dies in spring. Lingshu 28 When one is prey to oppression and obsession (you si 憂思 ), the relation network proper to the heart (xin xi 系 ) is tightened (ji 急 ); the relation network of the heart being tightened, the pathways of the qi (qi dao 氣道 ) are bound (yue 約 ); being bound they do not function well (bu li 不利 ). Therefore one takes deep breathing (da xi 息 ) to stretch and to expel. One tonify the Shaoyin of hand and the Shaoyang of foot.

ELATION AND JOY - - XI LE

Elation & Joy 1 ELATION AND JOY - - XI LE Translation from the French by Laurence Mourey. ELATION XI Elation and anger (xi nu ) Elation has traditionally been paired with anger: Are men exceedingly joyful?